CN112821939A - Position management method in low-orbit satellite communication system - Google Patents
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
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- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18545—Arrangements for managing station mobility, i.e. for station registration or localisation
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18545—Arrangements for managing station mobility, i.e. for station registration or localisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
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Abstract
The invention relates to a position management method in a low-earth-orbit satellite communication system, belonging to the field of low-earth-orbit satellite communication. The method comprises the following steps: position updating, in a system with autonomous positioning capability of a user terminal, when the position updating is needed, the user terminal acquires own geographical position information through a positioning system, selects a proper satellite and a beam, and transmits the position updating information to the satellite, and the satellite or an inter-satellite link forwards the information to a position management database of a ground gateway station; and (4) position paging, wherein when paging arrives, the ground gateway station sends paging information to a called user through a satellite and beam determination algorithm to complete paging. The invention balances the position updating expense and the position paging expense, and reduces the total expense of position management to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of low-orbit satellite communication, and relates to position management, position updating and position paging in mobility management, for example, the determination of a paging satellite and a paging beam, and the position paging of a called user is carried out by determining the paging satellite and the paging beam.
Background
A Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication system is an important component of a future air-space-ground integrated network and is a hotspot for research in the field of current and future mobile communication. The orbit height of the low-orbit satellite is generally 200-2000 km, and the ground coverage time of a single satellite is short, about 10 minutes. Mobility management is a challenging problem in the field of mobile communications, and mainly includes: handover management and location management. Location management relates to whether paging can be successful or not, and plays a central role in mobility management.
Location management includes two aspects, Location Update (Location Update) and Location Paging (Paging). The location updating means that a user reports own location information to the system, and the system registers and stores the location information; location paging refers to the system successfully transmitting the paging message of the calling user to the called user, and realizing the establishment of communication between the calling user and the called user. Location management relates to network processing capabilities and network communication capabilities. The network processing capability relates to the size of a database, the frequency and the response speed of inquiry and the like; network communication capabilities relate to increased traffic and latency for transmitting location updates and query information, etc. A well-designed location management strategy can effectively reduce system development and signaling costs, reduce energy consumption of end users, and significantly improve system performance. How to realize higher paging success rate and reduce paging delay, and balancing the total overhead of location update and location paging is a main problem of location management research.
At present, most researches on the position management aspect in a low earth orbit satellite network are that a terminal has no autonomous positioning capability and no on-satellite processing capability, and a system with multiple ground gateway stations adopts a transparent forwarding mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a location management method in a low-earth satellite communication system, wherein a satellite has an onboard processing capability for a user terminal with an autonomous positioning capability, and the low-earth satellite communication system with a single ground gateway station (also applicable to multiple gateway stations) balances location update overhead and location paging overhead, thereby reducing location management overhead to the maximum extent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of position management in a low earth orbit satellite communication system, comprising:
1) location update
In a system with autonomous positioning capability of a user terminal, when position updating is needed, the user terminal acquires own geographical position information through a positioning system, selects a proper satellite and a beam, and transmits the position updating information to the satellite, and the satellite (or through an inter-satellite link) forwards the information to a position management database of a ground gateway station;
2) location paging
When paging arrives, the ground gateway station sends paging information to the called user through a satellite and beam determination algorithm to complete paging.
Further, the location update specifically includes:
(1) the user terminal reports own position information to the system, and the triggering only depends on whether the position updating triggering condition is met or not, and has no relation with which satellite and which wave beam the user is located in;
(2) after receiving a position updating request of a user terminal, a satellite judges the type of a signaling and the state of the satellite; if the self is directly connected with the ground gateway station, the self is directly sent to the ground gateway station module and is forwarded to the ground operation and control center by the ground gateway station module; if the satellite routing module is not connected with the ground gateway station, searching the nearest satellite connected with the ground gateway station, sending the satellite to an interstellar routing module, and carrying out interstellar routing according to an interstellar minimum hop count principle;
(3) after receiving a position updating request of a user terminal, the ground operation and control center stores the geographical position information of the user and sends a position updating feedback to the user terminal; the feedback is transmitted successively along the opposite direction of the original position updating request routing line so as to reduce the processing times of the system and lighten the burden of the system;
(4) after receiving the feedback of the ground operation and control center, the user terminal adjusts the state of the user terminal to be a state of updating the position, takes the position at the moment as the initial position point of the user, and clears the timer of the user terminal to 0.
Further, after the user terminal initiates a location update and after a time interval, if the user terminal does not receive a location update completion feedback from the system, the user terminal initiates a location update again; and if the position updating feedback message from the system is received, adjusting the position updating state of the self to be the position updating finished state.
Further, a dynamic location area division method of the geographical location information of the user terminal itself includes: the user terminal exceeds the position updating radius R of the user terminal or exceeds the forced updating time to reach one of the two conditions, and the user terminal initiates the position updating request.
Further, the location paging specifically includes:
(1) the user terminal sends a paging request to the system;
(2) the satellite receives the paging request of the terminal, if resources are allocated, channel resources are allocated to the user terminal and response messages are sent, and meanwhile, the paging messages are sent to a ground operation and control center (the same as position updating);
(3) if the user terminal does not receive the channel allocation message of the satellite, selecting a new satellite and jumping to the step (1);
(4) the ground operation and control center receives the paging message and sends the paging message to the satellite and the beam where the called user terminal is located according to the paging message and the satellite and spot beam determination algorithm;
(5) the called user terminal receives the paging message and gives a feedback to the system; if the system does not receive the feedback, the second paging is carried out.
Further, the secondary paging comprises: if one paging fails, paging is carried out on a circle of beams around the previous paging beam.
Further, the satellite and spot beam determination algorithm specifically includes: obtaining the positions of the satellite and the user terminal by calculating the distance; the method transfers the traditional paging range from the terrestrial location area to the multi-beam satellite beam by converting the coordinate system to find the azimuth angle of the user terminal relative to the called satellite and then determining the beam most likely to be successfully paged.
Further, after the paging satellite is determined, the longitude and latitude of the paging satellite are obtained, and the azimuth angle theta of the user terminal relative to the called satellite is calculated according to the satellite and the geographic information of the user as follows:
Δλ＝λ2-λ1
wherein λ is2Is the longitude, λ, of the user1Is the longitude of the satellite or the like and,
as is the latitude of the user,
the latitude of the satellite.
Further, a satellite communication system adapted to the position management method, the system comprising:
m satellites with signaling processing capacity, wherein M is more than or equal to 1;
a user terminal having a positioning function;
the system comprises N ground gateway stations, wherein the ground gateway stations are only connected with one satellite at the same time, all the ground gateway stations are connected through wired links, and N is more than or equal to 1;
and the ground gateway stations are connected with the operation and control center through wired links, and the signaling of position updating and position paging is sent to the operation and control center for processing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention can divide the dynamic position area based on the position information of the user, and the user has the capability of autonomous positioning: the user can know the longitude and latitude information of the user through the global positioning system.
2) The invention provides dynamic position area division based on the self geographical position information of a terminal, under the position area division method, the terminal exceeds the self position updating radius R, or the terminal does not update after exceeding a certain time (forced updating time), and when one of the two conditions is reached, the terminal initiates a position updating request.
3) The invention provides a method for solving a paging satellite by calculating a distance to obtain the positions of the satellite and a user, solving the azimuth angle of the user relative to a called satellite by converting a coordinate system, and then determining a beam most likely to be successfully paged.
4) The invention provides a position updating method, wherein a terminal user with an autonomous positioning capability reports longitude and latitude information to a ground station when position updating is carried out, and a ground station position information database is stored and updated.
5) The invention provides a paging process and a method, wherein the computed satellite and spot beams are updated for paging, and if the satellite and spot beams are not paged, paging is initiated in the surrounding beams of the paging beams at the same time.
6) The position management method of the invention balances the position updating expense and the position paging expense, and reduces the total expense of position management to the maximum extent.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low earth orbit satellite communications system;
FIG. 2 is a dynamic location area partitioning based on user geographic location information;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam satellite 48 spot beam;
figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the distance between the called user and the earth;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a user azimuth;
FIG. 6 is a spot beam determination flow diagram;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a low-earth orbit satellite position update;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a user determining whether to perform a location update;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a user crossing an update radius;
FIG. 10 is a low earth orbit satellite position paging flow diagram;
figure 11 is a schematic diagram of multi-beam satellite paging.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, fig. 1 shows a low earth orbit satellite communication system, which has a relatively precise calculation capability for the position of a satellite at a certain time, for example, calculating the position of a satellite at a certain time, and how the geographical position information is. The system has:
the satellite has certain on-satellite processing capacity, except the first orbit and the last orbit, the satellites on other orbital planes have four front, back, left and right inter-satellite links, and the satellite has certain signaling processing capacity;
the user terminal supports navigation systems such as the Beidou and the like, and can position the longitude and latitude of the user terminal;
the system comprises at least one ground gateway station, a satellite and a plurality of satellite communication stations, wherein the ground gateway station is only connected with one satellite at the same time and is connected with the satellite through a wired link;
the ground operation and control center is only one, the position management database is arranged in the operation and control center, all the gateway stations are connected with the operation and control center through wired links, and the signaling of position updating and position paging is sent to the operation and control center for processing.
Fig. 2 shows dynamic location area division based on user geographical location information, where when a user crosses its own location update radius or a timer reaches a forced update time, a location update is initiated, for example, the location update radius of a user is R, after a certain period of time, the distance from the current location of the user to the last update exceeds R, and the user at this time needs to initiate a location update and update its own timer, and the current location information is used as initial location information.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a multi-beam satellite 48 spot beam, which is implemented by firstly performing coverage characteristic simulation modeling in STK and then using EMA modeling in OPNET.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distance between the called user and the earth, knowing the longitude and latitude of two points on the earth, the arc distance between the two points is calculated according to the meaning of the longitude and latitude table.
Let the user be at A, longitude be lon _ A, latitude be lat _ A, satellite be at S longitude be lon _ i, latitude be lat _ i, satellite longitude and latitude be the same as the latitude and longitude of the subsatellite point, R is the radius of the earth, introduce the intermediate variables alpha, beta, gamma, theta, DiThe distance of the user from the satellite. Then there are:
by using trigonometric functions and their derived formulas
cosθ＝sinαsinγ+cosαcosβcosγ
Di＝R×arccos(sinαsinγ+cosαcosβcosγ)
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a user's azimuth, between two points, one point is oriented relative to the other, where azimuth refers to the angle formed by the line connecting the two points and the direction in which the opposite point points point to the North Pole.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of spot beam determination, which is a flow chart of spot beam determination for a called user, after a paging satellite is determined, longitude and latitude of the paging satellite are obtained, and an azimuth angle of the user relative to the paging satellite is calculated according to geographic information of the satellite and the user as follows:
Δλ＝λ2-λ1
wherein λ is2Is the longitude, λ, of the user1Is the longitude of the satellite or the like and,
as is the latitude of the user,
the latitude of the satellite.
After the paging satellite and user azimuth are calculated, a beam is selected as the paging beam according to the spot beam determination procedure shown in fig. 6, wherein the sizes of D1, D2, and D3 are related to the specific beam design.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of low earth orbit satellite position update, which shows a position update flow of a user.
The dynamic location updating scheme is adopted, the location updating process is shown as the figure, and the location updating steps are as follows:
step 0: starting up a user;
step 1: a beam module of the satellite sends pilot frequency information to the ground at a certain frequency;
step 2: after receiving the pilot frequency information of the satellite, the user terminal selects a satellite beam according to a certain criterion (strongest signal, maximum elevation angle and the like) to carry out position updating;
step 3: the satellite beam module receives the position updating information of the user terminal and forwards the position updating information to a central processing unit of the satellite;
step 4: the central processor of the satellite processes the signaling and checks whether the signaling is directly connected with the ground gateway station or not; if the signal is directly connected with the ground gateway station, the signal is sent to the ground gateway station; if the satellite is not directly connected with the ground gateway station, the signaling is sent to the satellite connected with the ground gateway station through a star-level link, and the satellite connected with the ground gateway station forwards the signaling to the ground gateway station;
step 5: the ground gateway station receives the position updating signaling from the user terminal and forwards the position updating signaling to the operation and control center;
step 6: the ground operation and control center processes the position updating signaling of the user terminal, and if the database does not have the user terminal, the information of the user terminal is stored; if yes, updating;
step 7: after the storage and the updating are finished, the system sends a feedback message to the position updating of the user terminal to inform the user terminal that the position updating is finished;
step 8-9: the position updating feedback signaling returns the original path to the user terminal;
step 10: after receiving the position updating feedback, the user terminal adjusts the updating state of the user terminal to the updated state, checks the state of the user terminal once at regular intervals, and checks whether new position updating needs to be initiated, so that the user terminal completes one position updating.
At Step10, if the ue does not receive the feedback signaling from the operation control center after a certain time interval for some reasons, it re-initiates a location update until receiving the location update feedback.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of the terminal user determining whether to perform location update, and the basis of the location update performed by the user terminals is as follows: the terminal user exceeds the position updating radius R of the terminal user or exceeds the forced updating time to reach one of the two conditions, and the user terminal initiates the position updating request to meet one condition, namely, the position updating is initiated.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an end user crossing an update radius.
FIG. 10 is a low earth orbit satellite location paging flow diagram illustrating a location paging flow for a user.
Assuming that the service satellite of the calling user is A and the service satellite of the called user is B, the paging process comprises the following steps:
step 0: the user picks up the phone, prepares to initiate paging, and selects a proper satellite to report the request of the user;
step 1: the satellite receives the request, and if the state of the satellite (whether a channel can be allocated or not, whether a beam is about to be closed or not and the like) meets the request of the user, a confirmation message is sent; if not, sending a resource unavailable message;
step 2: a calling user initiates a call and reports a request in a confirmed satellite and a beam;
step 3: the satellite allocates a channel to the calling subscriber;
step 4: the satellite receives the call of the user, if the satellite is directly connected with the gateway station, the information is transmitted to the ground gateway station, if not, the satellite is checked which satellite is connected with the ground gateway station, and the information is transmitted to the ground gateway station through the inter-satellite link to connect the satellite;
step 5: the ground gateway station receives the calling request of the calling user, and forwards the calling request to a ground operation and control center, the operation and control center processes the request, selects a paging satellite and a wave beam through a satellite and wave beam algorithm, selects a paging strategy (broadcast paging, primary paging, secondary paging, multi-wave beam simultaneous paging and the like), and sends out the paging;
step 6: the ground operation and control center sends the paging message to the determined paging satellite;
step 7: allocating channels to the called users;
step 8: initiating paging within the determined paging beam;
step 9: if the called user receives the paging from the ground operation and control center, sending a confirmation message to the ground operation and control center to inform the ground operation and control center of receiving the paging request from the ground operation and control center;
step 10: after completing Step5, the called user sends a message to the calling user, indicating that the request of the calling user is received, and a communication link can be established, so far, a paging is completed.
If the feedback of the called user is not received in the timer after Step2, it indicates that the first paging fails, and the system will take different countermeasures according to the difference of the paging strategies, for example, a second paging strategy is adopted, and the system will initiate paging around the paging beam determined for the first time.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of multi-beam satellite paging that would initiate paging on beams 1, 2, 4, 6, 14, 15 simultaneously if a second page is made in one round around the first page after the first page fails, e.g., when the called user is not paged on beam 5.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for position management in a low earth orbit satellite communication system, the method comprising:
1) location update
In a system with autonomous positioning capability of a user terminal, when position updating is needed, the user terminal acquires own geographical position information through a positioning system, selects a satellite and a beam, and transmits the position updating information to the satellite, and the satellite or the information is forwarded to a position management database of a ground gateway station through an inter-satellite link;
2) location paging
When paging arrives, the ground gateway station sends paging information to the called user through a satellite and beam determination algorithm to complete paging.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the location update specifically comprises:
(1) the user terminal reports own position information to the system;
(2) after receiving a position updating request of a user terminal, a satellite judges the type of a signaling and the state of the satellite; if the self is directly connected with the ground gateway station, the self is directly sent to the ground gateway station module and is forwarded to the ground operation and control center by the ground gateway station module; if the satellite routing module is not connected with the ground gateway station, searching the nearest satellite connected with the ground gateway station, sending the satellite to an interstellar routing module, and carrying out interstellar routing according to an interstellar minimum hop count principle;
(3) after receiving a position updating request of a user terminal, the ground operation and control center stores the geographical position information of the user and sends a position updating feedback to the user terminal; the feedback is successively transmitted along the opposite direction of the original position updating request routing line;
(4) after receiving the feedback of the ground operation and control center, the user terminal adjusts the state of the user terminal to be a state of updating the position, takes the position at the moment as the initial position point of the user, and clears the timer of the user terminal to 0.
3. The location management method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the user terminal initiates a location update again after a time interval after initiating a location update if it does not receive a location update completion feedback from the system; and if the position updating feedback message from the system is received, adjusting the position updating state of the self to be the position updating finished state.
4. The location management method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dynamic location area division method of the user terminal's own geographical location information specifically comprises: the user terminal will initiate a location update request if the user terminal exceeds its location update radius R or if the user terminal exceeds the forced update time.
5. The location management method according to claim 1, wherein the location paging specifically comprises:
(1) the user terminal sends a paging request to the system;
(2) the satellite receives a paging request of the terminal, if resources are allocated, channel resources are allocated to the user terminal and response messages are sent, and meanwhile, the paging messages are sent to the ground operation and control center;
(3) if the user terminal does not receive the channel allocation message of the satellite, selecting a new satellite and jumping to the step (1);
(4) the ground operation and control center receives the paging message and sends the paging message to the satellite and the beam where the called user terminal is located according to the paging message and the satellite and spot beam determination algorithm;
(5) the called user terminal receives the paging message and gives a feedback to the system; if the system does not receive the feedback, the second paging is carried out.
6. The location management method of claim 5, wherein the secondary paging comprises: if one paging fails, paging is carried out on a circle of beams around the previous paging beam.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the satellite and spot beam determination algorithm comprises: obtaining the positions of the satellite and the user terminal by calculating the distance; the azimuth angle of the user terminal relative to the called satellite is obtained by converting the coordinate system, and then the beam which is most likely to be successfully paged is determined.
8. The location management method according to claim 7, wherein after the paging satellite is determined, longitude and latitude of the paging satellite are obtained, and an azimuth θ of the user terminal with respect to the called satellite is calculated based on the satellite and the user's geographical information as:
Δλ＝λ2-λ1
wherein λ is2Is the longitude, λ, of the user1Is the longitude of the satellite or the like and,
as is the latitude of the user,
the latitude of the satellite.
9. A communication system adapted for use in the location management method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the system comprising:
m satellites with signaling processing capacity, wherein M is more than or equal to 1;
a user terminal having a positioning function;
the system comprises N ground gateway stations, wherein the ground gateway stations are only connected with one satellite at the same time, all the ground gateway stations are connected through wired links, and N is more than or equal to 1;
and the ground gateway stations are connected with the operation and control center through wired links, and the signaling of position updating and position paging is sent to the operation and control center for processing.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113965253A (en) * | 2021-11-07 | 2022-01-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Signaling-based position reporting method and system for satellite mobile communication system |
| CN114499633A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 航天行云科技有限公司 | Paging method in satellite communication scene and satellite communication system |
| WO2024020799A1 (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2024-02-01 | Nec Corporation | Method, device and computer storage medium of communication |
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