CN112816793A - Method and system for measuring electromagnetic scattering coefficient of foil strip cloud and application - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于箔条云团反射、透射、衰减系数测量技术领域，公开了一种箔条云电磁散射系数的测量方法、系统及应用，利用往泡沫块中插金属丝的方法构建确定性的箔条云模型；通过测量反射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的反射系数；通过测量透射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的透射系数；通过对比添加材料前后的接收功率，计算箔条云的衰减系数；通过改变收发天线的极化角度测量不同极化方式下的箔条云相关参数。本发明测量了其反射、透射、衰减系数，可以将这些测量参数应用到箔条云的电磁计算中；实验方法简单实用，也可以应用到其他材料的测量中。
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement of reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of chaff clouds, and discloses a method, system and application for measuring the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of chaff clouds. Strip cloud model; by measuring materials with known reflection coefficients as calibration data, the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud to be measured is calculated by the method of comparison; by measuring materials with known transmission coefficients as calibration data, the method of comparison is used to calculate The transmission coefficient of the chaff cloud to be measured is obtained; the attenuation coefficient of the chaff cloud is calculated by comparing the received power before and after adding the material; the related parameters of the chaff cloud under different polarization modes are measured by changing the polarization angle of the transceiver antenna. The invention measures its reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients, and these measurement parameters can be applied to the electromagnetic calculation of the chaff cloud; the experimental method is simple and practical, and can also be applied to the measurement of other materials.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于箔条云团反射、透射、衰减系数测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种箔条云电磁散射系数的测量方法、系统及应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement of reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of chaff clouds, and in particular relates to a measurement method, system and application of the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of chaff clouds.
背景技术Background technique
目前：箔条是一种常用的无源干扰材料，单根箔条通常由铝箔条或涂有复金属的纤维制成，能在一定的空间产生干扰回波，大量的箔条可以一种轻型的空中反射目标云。箔条通常由飞机投放，用以掩护或屏蔽其他飞机，或导致跟踪雷达失控。第二次世界大战中，箔条首次作为电磁干扰材料应用。飞机抛撒大量箔条形成走廊，掩护其他飞机免受地面雷达的跟踪。后来，箔条干扰又被应用到海战，舰艇发射大量箔条弹形成箔条云干扰来袭导弹，其中干扰方式分为质心干扰和冲淡式干扰。目前，箔条干扰仍是重要的干扰手段并得到广泛应用。为了适应越来越完备的雷达系统，美、英等军事强国已经开始新型箔条的研发。未来，箔条干扰依旧是众多学者的研究重点。At present: chaff is a commonly used passive interference material. A single chaff is usually made of aluminum foil or fiber coated with metal, which can generate interference echoes in a certain space. A large number of chaff can be a lightweight aerial reflection target cloud. The chaff is usually dropped by aircraft to cover or shield other aircraft, or to cause the tracking radar to lose control. In World War II, chaff was first used as an electromagnetic interference material. The planes threw a lot of chaff to form a corridor, shielding other planes from ground-based radar. Later, chaff jamming was applied to naval warfare. Ships launched a large number of chaff shells to form a cloud of chaff to jam incoming missiles. The jamming methods were divided into centroid jamming and dilution jamming. At present, chaff jamming is still an important jamming method and is widely used. In order to adapt to more and more complete radar systems, the United States, Britain and other military powers have begun to develop new chaff. In the future, chaff interference will still be the research focus of many scholars.
目前，研究箔条扩散特性主要有两种方式：基于空气动力学的理论分析方法和基于实际测量数据的经验公式。利用这两种方法提出了很多箔条云扩散的模型，例如，普遍认为箔条云中箔条的取向是均值为零度的正态分布。这些数学模型的提出为本发明中箔条云模型的制作提供了理论基础。At present, there are two main ways to study the diffusion characteristics of chaff: theoretical analysis methods based on aerodynamics and empirical formulas based on actual measurement data. Using these two methods, many models of chaff cloud diffusion have been proposed. For example, it is generally accepted that the orientation of chaff in a chaff cloud is a normal distribution with a mean of zero degrees. The proposition of these mathematical models provides a theoretical basis for the fabrication of the chaff cloud model in the present invention.
目前，对于箔条云干扰的实验主要分为外场和内场实验。在野外条件下进行箔条云干扰实验耗时耗力，并且受到许多环境因素的干扰，许多因素无法人为控制。例如，外场实验条件下箔条云的密度、箔条取向无法控制，而且，在大风条件下，箔条云扩散速度较快，有效测量时间极短。一般的内场实验将箔条云作为散射体，往往只测量其单、双站RCS。这样的实验测量参数较少，测量的参数也只对一个模型有效。At present, experiments on chaff cloud interference are mainly divided into external field and internal field experiments. Carrying out chaff cloud interference experiments under field conditions is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and is disturbed by many environmental factors, many of which cannot be controlled by humans. For example, the density and orientation of the chaff cloud cannot be controlled under the external experimental conditions. Moreover, under strong wind conditions, the chaff cloud spreads faster and the effective measurement time is extremely short. In general in-field experiments, chaff clouds are used as scatterers, and only single- and double-station RCSs are often measured. Such experiments have fewer measured parameters, and the measured parameters are only valid for one model.
通过上述分析，现有技术存在的问题及缺陷为：Through the above analysis, the existing problems and defects in the prior art are:
(1)在野外条件下进行箔条云干扰实验耗时耗力，并且受到许多环境因素的干扰，许多因素无法人为控制。(1) The chaff cloud interference experiment under field conditions is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and is interfered by many environmental factors, many of which cannot be controlled manually.
(2)内场实验将箔条云作为散射体，往往只测量其单、双站RCS。(2) The chaff cloud is used as a scatterer in in-field experiments, and only single- and double-station RCS are often measured.
解决以上问题及缺陷的难度为：(1)环境因素不可控；(2)待测箔条云分布难以得到；(3)直接测量的方法难以得到精确的箔条云反射、透射、衰减系数。The difficulties in solving the above problems and defects are: (1) Uncontrollable environmental factors; (2) The distribution of the chaff cloud to be measured is difficult to obtain; (3) It is difficult to obtain accurate chaff cloud reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients by direct measurement.
解决以上问题及缺陷的意义为：相较于一般的外场实验方案，该方案使用泡沫固定的箔条云模型，箔条密度、取向可以控制，暗室条件下测量结果可以排除其他干扰，测量结果更加准确。相较于一般的内场实验，本发明采用的测量方法将不同分布、不同密度的箔条云看作不同特性的材料，对其反射、透射、衰减系数进行测量。所以该方案可以为研究不同密度，不同分布的箔条云提供了可靠的实验方法。The significance of solving the above problems and defects is: compared with the general field experiment scheme, this scheme uses a foam-fixed chaff cloud model, the chaff density and orientation can be controlled, the measurement results under darkroom conditions can eliminate other interference, and the measurement results are more accurate. precise. Compared with general in-field experiments, the measurement method adopted in the present invention regards chaff clouds with different distributions and densities as materials with different properties, and measures their reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients. Therefore, this scheme can provide a reliable experimental method for studying chaff clouds with different densities and different distributions.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种箔条云电磁散射系数的测量方法、系统及应用。In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method, system and application for measuring the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of chaff cloud.
本发明是这样实现的，一种箔条电磁波系数的测量方法，所述箔条电磁波系数的测量方法包括：The present invention is achieved in this way, a method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of a chaff, the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff includes:
利用往泡沫块中插金属丝的方法构建确定性的箔条云模型；Build a deterministic chaff cloud model by inserting wires into foam blocks;
通过测量反射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的反射系数；By measuring the material with known reflection coefficient as calibration data, the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud to be measured is calculated by the method of comparison;
通过测量透射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的透射系数；By measuring the material with known transmission coefficient as calibration data, the transmission coefficient of the chaff cloud to be measured is calculated by the method of comparison;
通过对比添加材料前后的接收功率，计算箔条云的衰减系数；Calculate the attenuation coefficient of the chaff cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material;
通过改变收发天线的极化角度测量不同极化方式下的箔条云相关参数。The chaff cloud-related parameters under different polarizations were measured by changing the polarization angle of the transceiver antenna.
进一步，所述箔条电磁波系数的测量方法具体包括：Further, the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff specifically includes:
第一步，采用往泡沫平板中插入金属丝的方法制作箔条云；The first step is to make a cloud of chaff by inserting a metal wire into the foam plate;
第二步，实验设备的安装，包括接收喇叭天线，发射喇叭天线以及被测材料的安装。收发天线的位置根据测量参数而定；The second step is the installation of the experimental equipment, including the receiving horn antenna, the transmitting horn antenna and the installation of the tested material. The position of the transceiver antenna is determined according to the measurement parameters;
第三步，实验仪器的连接，包括矢量网络分析仪以及收发天线的连接。仪器连接好后接通电源预热五分钟；The third step is the connection of the experimental instruments, including the connection of the vector network analyzer and the transceiver antenna. After the instrument is connected, turn on the power and preheat for five minutes;
第四步，将收发天线紧靠着安装在同一天线支架上，进行箔条云的反射系数测量，水平旋转测试架改变入射角；The fourth step is to install the transceiver antenna on the same antenna bracket, measure the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud, and rotate the test frame horizontally to change the incident angle;
第五步，转动收发天线改变极化收发的角度，测量不同极化收发情况下的反射系数；The fifth step is to rotate the transceiver antenna to change the angle of polarization transceiver, and measure the reflection coefficient under different polarization transceiver conditions;
第六步，将收发天线分别安装在左右两个天线支架上，被测材料支架居于两个测试架中间，进行箔条云透射系数的测量；The sixth step is to install the transceiver antennas on the left and right antenna brackets, and the tested material brackets are located in the middle of the two test racks to measure the transmission coefficient of the chaff cloud;
第七步，完成箔条云透射系数测量实验后，保持仪器位置不变，进行箔条云衰减系数的测量。The seventh step, after completing the chaff cloud transmission coefficient measurement experiment, keep the instrument position unchanged, and carry out the chaff cloud attenuation coefficient measurement.
进一步，制作箔条测试材料的方法如下：Further, the method of making the chaff test material is as follows:
(1)首先制作一块泡沫平板，截取细长的金属丝作为箔条；将金属丝插入泡沫平板中，在泡沫上划分网格，控制每个网格中的箔条数量；(1) First, make a foam plate, and cut the slender metal wire as the chaff; insert the metal wire into the foam plate, divide the mesh on the foam, and control the number of chaff in each mesh;
(2)按照(1)制作多块这样的待测材料，将多块泡沫平板拼在一起，形成较厚的箔条云；(2) According to (1), make a plurality of such materials to be tested, and put together a plurality of foam slabs to form a thicker chaff cloud;
实验设备的安装包括以下步骤：The installation of the experimental equipment includes the following steps:
(1)将被测材料固定在被测材料支架上，本发明中的材料支架如图6所示，可以测量固体和液体。若测量固体材料则使用螺丝钉固定，并调整材料高度与天线高度平行。若测量液体则使用玻璃箱盛装。；(1) Fix the tested material on the tested material holder, the material holder in the present invention is shown in Fig. 6, and can measure solid and liquid. If measuring solid material, use screws to fix it, and adjust the height of the material to be parallel to the height of the antenna. If measuring liquids, use a glass case. ;
(2)测量箔条云反射系数时，只需要安装一个天线支架，将另天线支架B移开，避免对实验测量产生影响，将收发天线都安装在天线支架A上，使收发天线靠紧，形成一个单站测量系统；(2) When measuring the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud, only one antenna bracket needs to be installed, and the other antenna bracket B is removed to avoid affecting the experimental measurement. Form a single station measurement system;
(3)接收天线和发射天线之间用吸波材料隔开；(3) The receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated by absorbing material;
(4)测量透射系数和衰减系数时，安装两个天线支架，两个天线支架分别置于被测材料架的两边，如图6所示，天线支架A和天线支架B分别为与被测材料架两边；(4) When measuring the transmission coefficient and attenuation coefficient, install two antenna brackets, and the two antenna brackets are placed on both sides of the material to be measured. As shown in Figure 6, antenna bracket A and antenna bracket B are frame on both sides;
实验仪器的连接包括以下步骤：The connection of the experimental instrument includes the following steps:
(1)用同轴线将矢量网络分析仪输出、接收端口分别与发射天线、接收天线连接；(1) Connect the output and receiving ports of the vector network analyzer to the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively with a coaxial cable;
(2)确定仪器连接正确后，将整个系统通电，预热五分钟后开始试验；(2) After confirming that the instrument is connected correctly, power on the entire system, and start the test after five minutes of preheating;
箔条云的反射系数测量包括以下步骤：The reflection coefficient measurement of chaff cloud consists of the following steps:
(1)安装好天线；(1) Install the antenna;
(2)首先确定反射系数的定义，入射面为xoz，那么
将以上方程分为TE波和TM波两种情况，对于TE波，化简为：The above equation is divided into two cases, TE wave and TM wave. For TE wave, it can be simplified as:
在反射面上方，有：Above the reflective surface, there are:
Ey＝[E0exp(-ik0zz)+RE0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx)E y =[E 0 exp(-ik 0z z)+RE 0 exp(ik 0z z)]exp(ik x x)
将上式R定义为反射系数；The above formula R is defined as the reflection coefficient;
对于TM波，化简为：For TM waves, it simplifies to:
在反射面上方，有：Above the reflective surface, there are:
Hy＝[H0exp(-ik0zz)+RH0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx),z＞0H y =[H 0 exp(-ik 0z z)+RH 0 exp(ik 0z z)]exp(ik x x), z>0
其中，R即为反射系数；Among them, R is the reflection coefficient;
反射系数表示为：The reflection coefficient is expressed as:
其中，Pr为反射波功率，P0为入射波功率；Among them, P r is the reflected wave power, and P 0 is the incident wave power;
(3)前后移动天线支架A，使接收功率的值位于合适区间，然后开始测量。首先测量一个反射系数已知的材料作为定标，假设其反射系数为R1，通过实验测量其反射功率为P1，换上待测材料，实验测量其反射功率为P2；(3) Move the antenna support A back and forth so that the value of the received power is in an appropriate range, and then start the measurement. First, measure a material with a known reflection coefficient as calibration, assuming its reflection coefficient is R 1 , and measure its reflected power as P 1 through experiments, replace the material to be tested, and experimentally measure its reflected power as P 2 ;
(4)通过实验测量参数得到待测材料的反射系数R2为：(4) The reflection coefficient R 2 of the material to be tested is obtained through the experimental measurement parameters as:
(5)不同极化方式的反射系数测量主要通过旋转天线支架上的喇叭天线实现。如图6所示，通过转动喇叭天线改变收发天线的极化角度。(5) The reflection coefficient measurement of different polarization modes is mainly realized by rotating the horn antenna on the antenna support. As shown in Figure 6, the polarization angle of the transceiver antenna is changed by rotating the horn antenna.
进一步，箔条云透射系数的测量步骤如下：Further, the measurement steps of the chaff cloud transmission coefficient are as follows:
(1)安装好天线；(1) Install the antenna;
(2)给出透射系数的定义，得到在反射面的下方，对于TE波有：(2) The definition of the transmission coefficient is given, and it is obtained that under the reflecting surface, for the TE wave:
Ety＝TE0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)E ty =TE 0 exp(-ik tz z)exp(ik x x)
对于TM波有：For TM waves there are:
Hty＝TH0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)H ty =TH 0 exp(-ik tz z)exp(ik x x)
同样，因为任意线极化波分解成以上两种极化波，透射系数表示为：Similarly, since any linearly polarized wave is decomposed into the above two polarized waves, the transmission coefficient is expressed as:
其中，Pt为透射波功率。where P t is the transmitted wave power.
(3)首先测量一个透射系数已知的材料作为定标体，透射系数为T1，通过实验测量其透射功率为P1，换上待测材料，实验测量其透射功率为P2；(3) First, measure a material with a known transmission coefficient as a calibration body, the transmission coefficient is T 1 , and its transmission power is measured as P 1 through experiments, and the material to be tested is replaced, and its transmission power is measured as P 2 through experiments;
(4)通过以上实验测量参数得到待测材料的透射系数T2为：(4) The transmission coefficient T 2 of the material to be tested is obtained through the above experimental measurement parameters as:
进一步，进行箔条云衰减系数测量的步骤如下：Further, the steps for measuring the chaff cloud attenuation coefficient are as follows:
(1)首先定义衰减系数。根据麦克斯韦方程组可以得到波动方程如下：(1) First define the attenuation coefficient. According to Maxwell's equations, the wave equation can be obtained as follows:
其中，
E(r)＝E0exp(-αr)exp(-iβ·r)；E(r)=E 0 exp(-αr)exp(-iβ·r);
发射天线发射功率为P0，不加任何材料时，接收天线接收到的功率为P1，加上待测材料后接收到的功率为P2。在不考虑相位的情况下，衰减系数表示为：The transmitting power of the transmitting antenna is P 0 , when no material is added, the power received by the receiving antenna is P 1 , and the power received after adding the material to be tested is P 2 . Without considering the phase, the attenuation coefficient is expressed as:
其中，d为被测材料的厚度；Among them, d is the thickness of the tested material;
(2)安装好天线后，前后移动天线支架A和天线支架B，使接收天线的接收功率不至于太大或者太小。材料架上不要放置任何东西，测量并记录接收天线的接收功率P1，在材料架上放置被测材料后得到天线的接收功率为P2，并且测量出材料的厚度d；(2) After the antenna is installed, move the antenna bracket A and the antenna bracket B back and forth, so that the receiving power of the receiving antenna is not too large or too small. Do not place anything on the material rack, measure and record the received power P 1 of the receiving antenna, after placing the tested material on the material rack, the received power of the antenna is obtained as P 2 , and the thickness d of the material is measured;
(3)利用上一步测量得到的数据计算材料的衰减系数。(3) Calculate the attenuation coefficient of the material using the data measured in the previous step.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种实施所述箔条电磁波系数的测量方法的箔条电磁波系数的测量系统，所述箔条电磁波系数的测量系统包括：Another object of the present invention is to provide a measurement system for the electromagnetic wave coefficient of a chaff that implements the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff, and the measurement system for the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff includes:
箔条云模型构建模块，用于利用往泡沫块中插金属丝的方法构建确定性的箔条云模型；The chaff cloud model building module is used to construct a deterministic chaff cloud model by inserting a wire into a foam block;
反射系数计算模块，用于通过测量反射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的反射系数；The reflection coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud to be measured by the method of comparison by measuring the material with the known reflection coefficient as the calibration data;
透射系数计算模块，用于通过测量透射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的透射系数；The transmission coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the transmission coefficient of the chaff cloud to be measured by the method of comparison by measuring the material with the known transmission coefficient as the calibration data;
衰减系数计算模块，用于通过对比添加材料前后的接收功率，计算箔条云的衰减系数；The attenuation coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the attenuation coefficient of the chaff cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding materials;
箔条云相关参数测量模块，用于通过改变收发天线的极化角度测量不同极化方式下的箔条云相关参数。The chaff cloud related parameter measurement module is used to measure the chaff cloud related parameters under different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transceiver antenna.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种箔条云团反射、透射、衰减系数测量方法，所述箔条云团反射、透射、衰减系数测量方法使用所述的箔条电磁波系数的测量方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring reflection, transmission, and attenuation coefficients of chaff clouds, which uses the method for measuring electromagnetic wave coefficients of chaff.
结合上述的所有技术方案，本发明所具备的优点及积极效果为：本发明具体涉及电磁波反射系数、透射系数、衰减系数测量和极化特性分析，可用于电子对抗领域箔条云团反射、透射、衰减系数测量及其他各种材料的电磁特性测量。Combined with all the above technical solutions, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention specifically relates to the measurement of electromagnetic wave reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, attenuation coefficient and polarization characteristic analysis, and can be used for the reflection and transmission of chaff clouds in the field of electronic countermeasures. , Attenuation coefficient measurement and other electromagnetic properties measurement of various materials.
本发明提供可以测量任意密度、任意分布、任意极化条件下箔条云的反射、透射、衰减系数的实验方法。本发明使用泡沫固定箔条的模型制作方法，可以制作任意密度的箔条云，为箔条云测量实验提供了精确的模型。The invention provides an experimental method capable of measuring the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of chaff clouds under the conditions of arbitrary density, arbitrary distribution and arbitrary polarization. The invention uses the method for making the model of the foam to fix the chaff, can make the chaff cloud of any density, and provides an accurate model for the chaff cloud measurement experiment.
本发明的实验方法将箔条云看作一种材料，测量了其反射、透射、衰减系数，可以将这些测量参数应用到箔条云的电磁计算中。本发明测量箔条云反射、透射、衰减系数的实验方法简单实用，可以应用到其他材料的测量中。In the experimental method of the present invention, the chaff cloud is regarded as a material, and its reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients are measured, and these measurement parameters can be applied to the electromagnetic calculation of the chaff cloud. The experimental method for measuring the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficient of chaff cloud in the invention is simple and practical, and can be applied to the measurement of other materials.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图做简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
图1是本发明实施例提供的箔条云电磁散射系数的测量方法流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of a chaff cloud provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例提供的箔条云电磁散射系数的测量系统的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement system for the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of a chaff cloud provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2中：1、箔条云模型构建模块；2、反射系数计算模块；3、透射系数计算模块；4、衰减系数计算模块；5、箔条云相关参数测量模块。In Fig. 2: 1. The chaff cloud model building module; 2. The reflection coefficient calculation module; 3. The transmission coefficient calculation module; 4. The attenuation coefficient calculation module; 5. The chaff cloud related parameter measurement module.
图3是本发明实施例提供的TE波反射、透射示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of TE wave reflection and transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明实施例提供的TM波反射、透射示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of reflection and transmission of a TM wave provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明实施例提供的箔条云模型示意图5 is a schematic diagram of a chaff cloud model provided by an embodiment of the present invention
图6是本发明实施例提供的测试架整体示意图。FIG. 6 is an overall schematic diagram of a test stand provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种箔条云电磁散射系数的测量方法、系统、及应用，下面结合附图对本发明作详细的描述。In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method, system, and application for measuring the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of chaff cloud. The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明提供的箔条电磁波系数的测量方法包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
S101：利用往泡沫块中插金属丝的方法构建确定性的箔条云模型；S101: Construct a deterministic chaff cloud model by inserting a wire into a foam block;
S102：通过测量反射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的反射系数；S102: Calculate the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud to be measured by measuring the material with the known reflection coefficient as the calibration data;
S103：通过测量透射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的透射系数；S103: Calculate the transmission coefficient of the chaff cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known transmission coefficient as the calibration data, and using a comparison method;
S104：通过对比添加材料前后的接收功率，计算箔条云的衰减系数；S104: Calculate the attenuation coefficient of the chaff cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material;
S105：通过改变收发天线的极化角度测量不同极化方式下的箔条云相关参数。S105: Measure chaff cloud-related parameters in different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transceiver antenna.
本发明提供的箔条电磁波系数的测量方法业内的普通技术人员还可以采用其他的步骤实施，图1的本发明提供的箔条电磁波系数的测量方法仅仅是一个具体实施例而已。The method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff provided by the present invention can also be implemented by those skilled in the art by other steps. The method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff provided by the present invention in FIG. 1 is only a specific example.
如图2所示，本发明提供的箔条电磁波系数的测量系统包括：As shown in Figure 2, the measurement system of the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff provided by the present invention includes:
箔条云模型构建模块1，用于利用往泡沫块中插金属丝的方法构建确定性的箔条云模型；The chaff cloud
反射系数计算模块2，用于通过测量反射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的反射系数；The reflection
透射系数计算模块3，用于通过测量透射系数已知的材料作为定标数据，利用对比的方法计算出待测箔条云的透射系数；The transmission
衰减系数计算模块4，用于通过对比添加材料前后的接收功率，计算箔条云的衰减系数；The attenuation
箔条云相关参数测量模块5，用于通过改变收发天线的极化角度测量不同极化方式下的箔条云相关参数。The chaff cloud related
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
本发明提供的箔条电磁波系数的测量方法包括以下步骤：The method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the chaff provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
第一步，制作箔条云材料，本发明采用往泡沫平板中插入金属丝的方法制作箔条云。The first step is to make the chaff cloud material. The present invention adopts the method of inserting metal wires into the foam flat plate to make the chaff cloud.
第二步，实验设备的安装，主要包括接收喇叭天线，发射喇叭天线以及被测材料的安装。收发天线的位置根据测量参数而定。The second step, the installation of the experimental equipment, mainly includes the installation of the receiving horn antenna, the transmitting horn antenna and the tested material. The location of the transmit and receive antennas depends on the measurement parameters.
第三步，实验仪器的连接，主要包括矢量网络分析仪以及收发天线的连接。仪器连接好后接通电源预热五分钟。The third step, the connection of the experimental instruments, mainly includes the connection of the vector network analyzer and the transceiver antenna. After the instrument is connected, turn on the power and warm up for five minutes.
第四步，将收发天线紧靠着安装在同一天线支架上，进行箔条云的反射系数测量，水平旋转测试架改变入射角。The fourth step is to install the transceiver antenna on the same antenna bracket, and measure the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud, and rotate the test frame horizontally to change the incident angle.
第五步，转动收发天线改变极化收发的角度，测量不同极化收发情况下的反射系数。Step 5: Rotate the transceiver antenna to change the angle of polarization transceiver, and measure the reflection coefficient under different polarization transceiver conditions.
第六步，将收发天线分别安装在左右两个天线支架上，被测材料支架居于两个测试架中间，进行箔条云透射系数的测量。The sixth step is to install the transceiver antennas on the left and right antenna brackets respectively, and the tested material brackets are located in the middle of the two test racks to measure the transmission coefficient of the chaff cloud.
第七步，完成箔条云透射系数测量实验后，保持仪器位置不变，进行箔条云衰减系数的测量。The seventh step, after completing the chaff cloud transmission coefficient measurement experiment, keep the instrument position unchanged, and carry out the chaff cloud attenuation coefficient measurement.
本发明制作箔条测试材料的方法如下：The method for making the chaff test material of the present invention is as follows:
(1.1)首先制作一块泡沫平板，截取细长的金属丝作为箔条。将金属丝插入泡沫平板中，可以在泡沫上划分网格，控制每个网格中的箔条数量，因此来控制箔条云的密度。(1.1) First, make a foam flat plate, and cut the slender metal wire as a chaff strip. Inserting a wire into the foam slab allows you to mesh the foam, controlling the number of chaff in each mesh, and therefore the density of the chaff cloud.
(1.2)按照步骤(1.1)制作多块这样的待测材料，实验时，可以将多块泡沫平板拼在一起，形成较厚的箔条云。(1.2) According to step (1.1), make multiple pieces of such materials to be tested. During the experiment, multiple foam slabs can be put together to form a thicker chaff cloud.
(2)实验设备的安装包括以下步骤：(2) The installation of the experimental equipment includes the following steps:
(2.1)将被测材料固定在材料支架上，使用螺丝钉将材料固定，并调整材料中心高度与天线水平。(2.1) Fix the material to be tested on the material support, fix the material with screws, and adjust the height of the center of the material and the level of the antenna.
(2.2)测量箔条云发射系数时，只需安装一个天线支架A，将另一个支架B移开，避免对实验测量产生影响。然后，将收发天线安装在天线支架A上，使收发天线靠紧，形成一个单站测量系统。(2.2) When measuring the emission coefficient of the chaff cloud, it is only necessary to install one antenna bracket A and move the other bracket B away to avoid affecting the experimental measurement. Then, install the transceiver antenna on the antenna bracket A, and make the transceiver antenna close to form a single-station measurement system.
(2.3)接收天线和发射天线之间用吸波材料隔开，避免发生直接耦合。(2.3) The receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated by absorbing materials to avoid direct coupling.
(2.4)测量透射系数和衰减系数时，需要安装两个天线支架。A、B两个天线支架分别置于被测材料架的两边。(2.4) When measuring the transmission coefficient and attenuation coefficient, two antenna brackets need to be installed. The two antenna brackets A and B are respectively placed on both sides of the material frame to be tested.
(3)实验仪器的连接包括以下步骤：(3) The connection of the experimental instrument includes the following steps:
(3.1)用同轴线将矢量网络分析仪输出、接收端口分别与发射天线、接收天线连接。(3.1) Use coaxial cables to connect the output and receiving ports of the vector network analyzer to the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, respectively.
(3.2)确定仪器连接正确后，将整个系统通电，预热五分钟后开始试验。(3.2) After confirming that the instrument is connected correctly, power on the entire system, and start the test after five minutes of warm-up.
(4)箔条云的反射系数测量包括以下步骤：(4) The reflection coefficient measurement of chaff cloud includes the following steps:
(4.1)按照步骤(2.2)和(2.3)安装好天线。(4.1) Install the antenna according to steps (2.2) and (2.3).
(4.2)首先确定反射系数的定义，假设入射面为xoz，那么
将以上方程分为TE波和TM波两种情况，如图2、图3所示。The above equations are divided into two cases, TE wave and TM wave, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
对于TE波，可以化简为：For TE waves, it can be simplified to:
在反射面上方，有：Above the reflective surface, there are:
Ey＝[E0exp(-ik0zz)+RE0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx)E y =[E 0 exp(-ik 0z z)+RE 0 exp(ik 0z z)]exp(ik x x)
将上式R定义为反射系数。The above formula R is defined as the reflection coefficient.
对于TM波，可以化简为：For TM waves, it can be simplified to:
在反射面上方，有：Above the reflective surface, there are:
Hy＝[H0exp(-ik0zz)+RH0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx),z＞0H y =[H 0 exp(-ik 0z z)+RH 0 exp(ik 0z z)]exp(ik x x), z>0
其中，R即为反射系数。where R is the reflection coefficient.
因为任意线极化波都可以分解成以上两种极化波，所以反射系数可以表示为：Because any linearly polarized wave can be decomposed into the above two polarized waves, the reflection coefficient can be expressed as:
其中，Pr为反射波功率，P0为入射波功率。Among them, P r is the reflected wave power, and P 0 is the incident wave power.
(4.3)首先测量一个反射系数已知的材料作为定标，假设其反射系数为R1。通过实验测量其反射功率为P1。换上待测材料，实验测量其反射功率为P2。(4.3) First measure a material with known reflection coefficient as calibration, assuming its reflection coefficient is R 1 . The reflected power is measured experimentally as P 1 . The material to be tested is replaced, and its reflected power is measured experimentally as P 2 .
(4.4)通过以上实验测量参数得到待测材料的反射系数R2为：(4.4) The reflection coefficient R 2 of the material to be tested is obtained through the above experimental measurement parameters:
(5)不同极化方式的反射系数测量主要通过旋转天线支架上的喇叭天线实现。本发明中的测量系统可以测量任意线极化角度下的接收功率，同时，入射波的极化角度也可以改变。(5) The reflection coefficient measurement of different polarization modes is mainly realized by rotating the horn antenna on the antenna support. The measurement system in the present invention can measure the received power under any linear polarization angle, and at the same time, the polarization angle of the incident wave can also be changed.
(6)箔条云透射系数的测量步骤如下：(6) The measurement steps of the chaff cloud transmission coefficient are as follows:
(6.1)按照步骤(2.4)安装好天线。(6.1) Install the antenna according to step (2.4).
(6.2)接下来给出透射系数的定义，接着步骤(4.2)继续推导，可以得到在反射面的下方，对于TE波有：(6.2) Next, the definition of the transmission coefficient is given, and then step (4.2) continues to deduce, it can be obtained that under the reflecting surface, for the TE wave:
Ety＝TE0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)E ty =TE 0 exp(-ik tz z)exp(ik x x)
对于TM波有：For TM waves there are:
Hty＝TH0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)H ty =TH 0 exp(-ik tz z)exp(ik x x)
同样，因为任意线极化波都可以分解成以上两种极化波，所以透射系数可以表示为：Similarly, because any linearly polarized wave can be decomposed into the above two polarized waves, the transmission coefficient can be expressed as:
其中，Pt为透射波功率。where P t is the transmitted wave power.
(6.3)首先测量一个透射系数已知的材料作为定标体，假设其透射系数为T1。通过实验测量其透射功率为P1。换上待测材料，实验测量其透射功率为P2。(6.3) First, measure a material with a known transmission coefficient as a calibration body, assuming that its transmission coefficient is T 1 . Its transmission power is measured experimentally as P 1 . The material to be tested is replaced, and its transmission power is measured experimentally as P 2 .
(6.4)通过以上实验测量参数得到待测材料的透射系数T2为：(6.4) The transmission coefficient T 2 of the material to be tested is obtained through the above experimental measurement parameters as:
(7)进行箔条云衰减系数测量的步骤如下：(7) The steps for measuring the chaff cloud attenuation coefficient are as follows:
(7.1)首先定义衰减系数。根据麦克斯韦方程组可以得到波动方程如下：(7.1) First define the attenuation coefficient. According to Maxwell's equations, the wave equation can be obtained as follows:
其中，
E(r)＝E0exp(-αr)exp(-iβ·r)；E(r)=E 0 exp(-αr)exp(-iβ·r);
假设发射天线发射功率为P0，不加任何材料时，接收天线接收到的功率为P1，加上待测材料后接收到的功率为P2。在不考虑相位的情况下，衰减系数可以表示为：Assuming that the transmitting power of the transmitting antenna is P 0 , when no material is added, the power received by the receiving antenna is P 1 , and the power received after adding the material to be tested is P 2 . Without considering the phase, the attenuation coefficient can be expressed as:
其中，d为被测材料的厚度。where d is the thickness of the tested material.
(7.2)按照步骤(1.4)安装好天线后，材料架上不要放置任何东西，测量并记录接收天线的接收功率P1。在材料架上放置被测材料后得到天线的接收功率为P2，并且测量出材料的厚度d。(7.2) After installing the antenna according to step (1.4), do not place anything on the material rack, measure and record the received power P 1 of the receiving antenna. After placing the material to be tested on the material rack, the received power of the antenna is obtained as P 2 , and the thickness d of the material is measured.
(7.3)利用上一步测量得到的数据根据步骤(7.1)计算材料的衰减系数。(7.3) Calculate the attenuation coefficient of the material according to step (7.1) using the data measured in the previous step.
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明主要目的是测量箔条云的反射、透射、衰减系数。实验时，先制作箔条云模型，而后搭建实验设备，对天线进行对准。其后，利用与定标体对比的方法依次完成箔条云反射、透射、衰减系数的测量。The main purpose of the present invention is to measure the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of the chaff cloud. During the experiment, the chaff cloud model was first made, and then the experimental equipment was built to align the antenna. Afterwards, the measurement of chaff cloud reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficient is completed in turn by the method of comparing with the calibration body.
(1)首先制作箔条测试材料，方法如下：(1) First make the chaff test material, the method is as follows:
(1.1)先制作一块泡沫平板，截取细长的金属丝作为箔条。将金属丝插入泡沫平板中，可以在泡沫上划分网格，控制每个网格中的箔条数量，因此来控制箔条云的密度。(1.1) First make a foam plate, and cut the slender metal wire as the chaff. Inserting a wire into the foam slab allows you to mesh the foam, controlling the number of chaff in each mesh, and therefore the density of the chaff cloud.
(1.2)按照步骤(1.1)制作多块这样的待测材料，实验时，将多块泡沫平板拼在一起，形成较厚的箔条云。制作完成的箔条云模型如图5所示。(1.2) According to step (1.1), multiple pieces of the material to be tested are made. During the experiment, multiple foam slabs are put together to form a thicker chaff cloud. The completed chaff cloud model is shown in Figure 5.
(2)接下来进行实验设备的安装，步骤如下：(2) Next, install the experimental equipment, the steps are as follows:
(2.1)测试架的整体示意图如图6所示，将被测材料固定在材料支架上。(2.1) The overall schematic diagram of the test frame is shown in Figure 6, and the material to be tested is fixed on the material support.
(2.2)测量箔条云发射系数时，只需安装一个天线支架，将另一个支架移开，避免对实验测量产生影响。然后，将收发天线安装在天线支架上，使收发天线靠紧，形成一个单站测量系统。(2.2) When measuring the emission coefficient of the chaff cloud, just install one antenna bracket and remove the other bracket to avoid affecting the experimental measurement. Then, install the transceiver antenna on the antenna bracket, and make the transceiver antenna close to form a single-station measurement system.
(2.3)接收天线和发射天线之间用吸波材料隔开，避免发生直接耦合。(2.3) The receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated by absorbing materials to avoid direct coupling.
(2.4)测量透射系数和衰减系数时，需要安装两个天线支架。两个天线支架分别置于被测材料架的两边。(2.4) When measuring the transmission coefficient and attenuation coefficient, two antenna brackets need to be installed. Two antenna brackets are placed on both sides of the material under test.
(3)连接实验仪器的步骤如下：(3) The steps of connecting the experimental instrument are as follows:
(3.1)用同轴线将矢量网络分析仪输出、接收端口分别与发射天线、接收天线连接。(3.1) Use coaxial cables to connect the output and receiving ports of the vector network analyzer to the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, respectively.
(3.2)确定仪器连接正确后，将整个系统通电，预热五分钟后开始试验。(3.2) After confirming that the instrument is connected correctly, power on the entire system, and start the test after five minutes of warm-up.
(4)接下来开始进行箔条云的反射系数测量，步骤如下：(4) Next, start to measure the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud, the steps are as follows:
(4.1)按照步骤(2.2)和(2.3)安装好天线。(4.1) Install the antenna according to steps (2.2) and (2.3).
(4.2)根据反射系数的定义得到待测材料的反射系数计算公式如下：(4.2) According to the definition of the reflection coefficient, the calculation formula of the reflection coefficient of the material to be tested is obtained as follows:
(4.3)首先测量一个铁制的平板作为定标，其反射系数为1。通过实验测量其反射功率为P1。换上待测材料，实验测量其反射功率为P2。多次测量得到的实验数据如下：(4.3) First measure an iron plate as calibration, and its reflection coefficient is 1. The reflected power is measured experimentally as P 1 . The material to be tested is replaced, and its reflected power is measured experimentally as P 2 . The experimental data obtained from multiple measurements are as follows:
表1反射系数测量实验数据表Table 1 Reflection coefficient measurement experimental data table
(4.4)通过以上实验多次测量并取平均值，得到箔条云反射系数为0.52。(4.4) Through the above experiments multiple times and taking the average value, the reflection coefficient of the chaff cloud is obtained as 0.52.
(5)不同极化方式的反射系数测量主要通过旋转天线支架上的喇叭天线实现。本发明中的测量系统可以测量任意线极化角度下的接收功率，同时，入射波的极化角度也可以改变。(5) The reflection coefficient measurement of different polarization modes is mainly realized by rotating the horn antenna on the antenna support. The measurement system in the present invention can measure the received power under any linear polarization angle, and at the same time, the polarization angle of the incident wave can also be changed.
(6)箔条云透射系数的测量步骤如下：(6) The measurement steps of the chaff cloud transmission coefficient are as follows:
(6.1)按照步骤(2.4)安装好天线。(6.1) Install the antenna according to step (2.4).
(6.2)(6.2)根据透射系数的定义得到其计算公式如下：(6.2) (6.2) According to the definition of transmission coefficient, the calculation formula is as follows:
(6.3)首先测量一个透射系数已知的材料作为定标体，其透射系数为0.35。通过实验测量其透射功率为P1，换上待测材料，实验测量其透射功率为P2。多次测量得到的实验数据如下：(6.3) First measure a material with a known transmission coefficient as a calibration body, and its transmission coefficient is 0.35. The transmission power is measured as P 1 through experiments, and the material to be tested is replaced, and the transmission power is measured as P 2 through experiments. The experimental data obtained from multiple measurements are as follows:
表2透射系数测量实验数据表Table 2 Transmission coefficient measurement experimental data table
(6.4)通过以上实验测量参数得到待测材料的透射系数为0.38。(6.4) The transmission coefficient of the material to be tested is obtained as 0.38 through the above experimental measurement parameters.
(7)进行箔条云衰减系数测量的步骤如下：(7) The steps for measuring the chaff cloud attenuation coefficient are as follows:
(7.1)根据衰减系数的定义得到其计算公式如下：(7.1) According to the definition of attenuation coefficient, the calculation formula is as follows:
(7.2)按照步骤(1.4)安装好天线后，材料架上不要放置任何东西，测量并记录接收天线的接收功率P1。在材料架上放置被测材料后得到天线的接收功率为P2，并且测量出材料的厚度d。多次测量得到的实验数据如下：(7.2) After installing the antenna according to step (1.4), do not place anything on the material rack, measure and record the received power P 1 of the receiving antenna. After placing the material to be tested on the material rack, the received power of the antenna is obtained as P 2 , and the thickness d of the material is measured. The experimental data obtained from multiple measurements are as follows:
表3衰减系数测量实验数据表Table 3 Attenuation coefficient measurement experimental data table
(7.3)利用上一步测量得到的数据根据步骤(7.1)计算材料的衰减系数为58.77。(7.3) Calculate the attenuation coefficient of the material according to step (7.1) using the data measured in the previous step to be 58.77.
下面结合实验对本发明的技术效果作详细的描述。The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with experiments.
为了验证本发明方法的可靠性，对几种材料的反射、透射、衰减系数进行测量并与理论值对比。实验测量数据与理论值对比表1(实验测量频率为10GHz)：In order to verify the reliability of the method of the present invention, the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of several materials are measured and compared with theoretical values. Comparison between experimental measurement data and theoretical value Table 1 (experimental measurement frequency is 10GHz):
表1Table 1
通过上面的表格可以看到，几种常见的材料的反射系数测量误差不超过20％。证明本发明的方法具有一定的准确性，且有一定的实用价值。As can be seen from the above table, the reflection coefficient measurement error of several common materials does not exceed 20%. It is proved that the method of the present invention has certain accuracy and has certain practical value.
应当注意，本发明的实施方式可以通过硬件、软件或者软件和硬件的结合来实现。硬件部分可以利用专用逻辑来实现；软件部分可以存储在存储器中，由适当的指令执行系统，例如微处理器或者专用设计硬件来执行。本领域的普通技术人员可以理解上述的设备和方法可以使用计算机可执行指令和/或包含在处理器控制代码中来实现，例如在诸如磁盘、CD或DVD-ROM的载体介质、诸如只读存储器(固件)的可编程的存储器或者诸如光学或电子信号载体的数据载体上提供了这样的代码。本发明的设备及其模块可以由诸如超大规模集成电路或门阵列、诸如逻辑芯片、晶体管等的半导体、或者诸如现场可编程门阵列、可编程逻辑设备等的可编程硬件设备的硬件电路实现，也可以用由各种类型的处理器执行的软件实现，也可以由上述硬件电路和软件的结合例如固件来实现。It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using special purpose logic; the software portion may be stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer-executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, for example on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD or DVD-ROM, such as a read-only memory Such code is provided on a programmable memory (firmware) or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The device and its modules of the present invention can be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., It can also be implemented by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above-mentioned hardware circuits and software, such as firmware.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art is within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and all within the spirit and principle of the present invention Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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