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CN112806252B - Method for creating multi-resistance rice new germplasm by using molecular marker - Google Patents

Method for creating multi-resistance rice new germplasm by using molecular marker Download PDF

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CN112806252B
CN112806252B CN201911121159.8A CN201911121159A CN112806252B CN 112806252 B CN112806252 B CN 112806252B CN 201911121159 A CN201911121159 A CN 201911121159A CN 112806252 B CN112806252 B CN 112806252B
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disease
rice
resistant
resistance
seeds
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CN112806252A (en
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吴云天
冯凡
石斌文
叶昌荣
李宙炜
梁毅
曹桂元
肖金华
彭俊华
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Huazhi Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for creating a multi-resistance rice new germplasm by using molecular markers, which comprises the following steps: performing polygenic polymerization breeding on the parent material according to breeding targets, wherein the breeding targets at least comprise polymerization resistance to bacterial blight, brown planthopper and rice blast. The invention adopts the combination of molecular marker auxiliary selection technology and conventional breeding technology to quickly realize the polymerization of 8 disease and insect resistant genes such as rice blast resistant genes Pi1, Pi9 and Pita, bacterial leaf blight resistant genes Xa7, Xa21 and Xa23, brown planthopper resistant genes Bph14 and Bph15 and the like, thereby greatly shortening the breeding time and improving the breeding efficiency.

Description

Method for creating multi-resistance rice new germplasm by using molecular marker
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice breeding, in particular to a method for creating a multi-resistance rice new germplasm by using a molecular marker.
Background
Rice plays a significant role in grain production. However, the problem of pest resistance of rice is still very outstanding at present, most of the rice varieties or combinations approved by the country have low resistance, and meanwhile, the rice varieties resistant to two main pests are few, and the rice varieties resistant to three pests are almost none.
The reasons for the above are mainly the following: 1. at present, most breeding units adopt the traditional breeding method to carry out disease and insect resistant breeding, and the breeding efficiency is low; 2. the resistance source with excellent comprehensive properties is lacked, and the breeding year limit is long; 3. the breeding efficiency is low because of the lack of germplasm carrying a plurality of known disease and insect resistant genes. Therefore, the creation of rice parents or lines carrying a plurality of disease and insect resistant genes has important significance for the disease and insect resistant breeding of rice. At present, some research reports of introducing 2-4 disease and insect resistant genes into rice by a molecular marker assisted selection technology exist, but reports of polymerizing more than 6 resistance genes into materials to be improved to create multi-resistant rice germplasm aiming at three main diseases and insect pests at the same time are not found.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for creating a new multi-resistance rice germplasm by using molecular markers, so as to create a new rice germplasm carrying multiple disease and insect resistance genes by using technologies of polymerization hybridization and molecular marker-assisted selection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for creating a multi-resistance rice new germplasm by using molecular markers comprises the following steps: performing polygenic polymerization breeding on the parent material according to breeding targets, wherein the breeding targets at least comprise polymerization resistance to bacterial blight, brown planthopper and rice blast.
Further, the parent material is a superior hybrid rice parent or a superior line, such as Huazhan.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a material to be improved without the disease and insect resistant genes as a receptor parent P1, taking a material simultaneously carrying bacterial blight resistant genes Xa7 and Xa21 and brown planthopper resistant genes Bph14 and Bph15 as a donor parent P2, taking a material carrying rice blast resistant genes Pi1 and Pita as a donor parent P3, taking a material carrying rice blast resistant genes Pi9 and bacterial blight resistant genes Xa23 as a donor parent P4, and respectively hybridizing P2, P3 and P4 with P1 to obtain three hybridized F1 seeds of F12, F13 and F14;
s2, planting F12, F13 and F14 obtained in S1, screening out single plants heterozygous for corresponding disease and insect resistant target genes through molecular markers closely linked with the corresponding disease and insect resistant genes, and backcrossing the single plants with P1 to respectively obtain BC1F12, BC1F13 and BC1F 14;
s3, planting BC1F12, BC1F13 and BC1F14 obtained from S2, and screening out single plants heterozygous for corresponding disease and insect resistant target genes as primary selected single plants through molecular markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant genes respectively; then, carrying out whole genome background selection on the initially selected individual plants by utilizing the rice whole genome polymorphism markers, and respectively screening out individual plants which are most similar to the genetic background of P1;
s4, performing polymerization hybridization on any two groups of the three groups of single strains screened out in the S3, and harvesting polymerized hybridization F1 seeds; selfing the other group to harvest BC1F2 seeds;
s5, planting the polymerized hybrid F1 and BC1F2 seeds obtained in S4, and respectively screening according to molecular markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant target genes: screening out primary selection single plants with heterozygous corresponding disease and insect resistant target genes from the polymerized and hybridized F1, and screening out primary selection single plants with homozygous corresponding disease and insect resistant target genes from the inbred BC1F 2; screening the individuals most similar to P1 from the primary selection individuals according to comprehensive phenotypes in the heading period; then carrying out polymerization hybridization on the two groups of single plants to obtain trimeric hybrid F1 seeds;
s6, planting trimeric hybridization F1 seeds in S5, screening out 8 corresponding disease and insect resistant target genes which are heterozygous according to molecular markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant target genes, selecting the single plant which is most similar to P1 from the seeds according to comprehensive phenotypes in the maturation period, and selfing to obtain F2 seeds;
s7, planting F2 in S6, and continuously selfing to screen out 8 corresponding new multi-resistant rice germplasms which are homozygous for the target genes for resisting the diseases and the comprehensive phenotype of which is most similar to that of P1.
Further, S7 further includes the steps of:
s71, screening out single plants which contain 8 corresponding target genes for resisting the disease and insect and at least 4 of which are homozygous according to the molecular markers closely linked with the target genes for resisting the disease and insect, and selecting phenotypic characters such as plant type, growth period, spike type and the like and P from the single plants 1 Selfing the most similar single plants to obtain F 3 Seeds;
s72 planting F in S71 3 Screening out 8 single plants homozygous with the disease and insect resistant target genes according to the molecular markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant target genes, and selecting phenotypic characters such as plant type, growth period, spike type and the like and P from the single plants 1 Selfing the most similar single plants to obtain F 4 Seeds;
s73 planting F in S72 4 And (4) identifying and screening the strains and continuous selfing progeny thereof to obtain the multi-resistance rice new germplasm.
The method for creating the new multi-resistance rice germplasm by using the molecular marker is applied to the cultivation of rice resistant to various plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the various plant diseases and insect pests comprise rice blast, bacterial blight and brown planthopper.
Compared with the prior art, the method for creating the multi-resistance rice new germplasm by using the molecular marker has the following advantages:
(1) the breeding method of the invention utilizes SNP molecular marker assisted selection technology to simultaneously polymerize 8 resistance genes of three diseases and insect pests for the first time to obtain an anti-source with excellent comprehensive properties, greatly improves the disease and insect pest resistance of breeding materials, is helpful for widening the resistance range of rice varieties and improving the stability and durability of the resistance of the rice varieties.
(2) The invention solves the problem that the resistance is easily lost by a single resistance gene by polymerizing a plurality of resistance genes, and compared with parents, the polymerized genes have no obvious adverse effect on the yield and have higher practical value.
(3) The breeding method provided by the invention is simple to operate, greatly shortens the breeding period and reduces the breeding workload.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of creating a new multi-resistance rice germplasm using SNP molecular markers according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
S1 to carry the gene Xa resisting bacterial leaf blight 7 、Xa 21 And brown planthopper resistant gene Bph 14 、Bph 15 The material (HZ02414) is a donor parent P 2 Carrying a target gene Pi against rice blast 1 Beta material (HZ02231) as donor parent P 3 Carrying a target gene Pi against rice blast 9 And a bacterial blight-resistant target gene Xa 23 The material (HZ02455) is a donor parent P 4 The Excellent material Huanghuazhan which does not contain the target genes of the disease and insect resistance and is to be improved is taken as a receptor parent P 1 And planting respectively;
s2, mixing P 2 、P 3 、P 4 Are respectively connected with P 1 Hybridization to obtain 3F 1 Respectively named A, B, C, each F 1 The number of seeds is more than 50;
s3, planting A, B, C seeds obtained from S2 and P 1 Selecting individual plants heterozygous for the disease and insect resistant genotype (namely true hybrids) from A, B, C according to the SNP molecular markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant target genes respectively and P 1 Backcrossing to obtain 3 BC 1 F 1 Respectively named D, E, F, each BC 1 F 1 More than 3000 seeds are used;
s4, planting D, E, F seeds obtained from S3 and P 1 Respectively screening out single plants which are heterozygous corresponding to the disease and insect resistant genotypes from D, E, F according to SNP molecular markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant target genes, wherein the single plants are primary selected single plants, and each group comprises about 190 plants; respectively screening P from SNP markers of rice whole genome 2 、P 3 、P 4 And P 1 About 120 SNP markers having polymorphisms and uniformly distributed on 12 chromosomes of rice, respectively. The initial selection of D, E, F individual plants was individually screened for P by using the corresponding about 120 polymorphic SNP markers for genome-wide background selection 1 Background the most similar 4 individuals. Then selfing selected individual plants of D, harvesting selfing F 2 More than 3000 seeds are named as G; performing polymerization hybridization on the selected individuals of E and the selected individuals of F to obtain polymerization hybridization F 1 More than 1000 seeds are named as H;
s5, planting G and H seeds and P obtained from S4 1 Screening the corresponding disease-resistant genotype from G as homozygous according to the SNP marker closely linked with the disease-resistant target gene (Xa) 7 Xa 7 Xa 21 Xa 21 Bph 14 Bph 14 Bph 15 Bph 15 ) 8 individuals of (2) are screened from H, and the corresponding disease and insect resistant genotypes are selected as heterozygotes (Pi 1 pi 1 Pi 9 pi 9 PitapitaXa 23 xa 23 ) The 48 individuals of (2) are respectively selected from the individuals of G and H and are respectively selected from P 1 About 4 single plants which are most similar in plant height, plant type, heading stage and other phenotypes are respectively subjected to polymerization hybridization to obtain trimeric hybrid F 1 More than 1000 seeds;
s6 trimeric hybrid F obtained by planting S5 1 Seeds, screening 8 target genes with heterozygosity (Pi) according to SNP molecular markers closely linked with the target genes 1 pi 1 Pi 9 pi 9 PitapitaXa 23 xa 23 Xa 7 xa 7 Xa 21 xa 21 Bph 14 bph 14 Bph 15 bph 15 ) 48 individuals of (2), selection at maturity and P 1 In plant height, spike shape and growth periodSelfing 4 individuals with the most similar phenotypic aspects, and harvesting each individual for selfing F 2 More than 2000 seeds;
s7 planting 4 selfs F obtained from S6 2 Selecting 16 individuals containing all 8 target genes and at least 4 of which are homozygous according to screening of SNP markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant target genes, and screening P at maturation 1 Selfing 4 single plants which are most similar in plant height, spike shape, growth period and other phenotypes, harvesting each plant and selfing F 3 More than 2000 seeds;
s8 planting 4F plants obtained from S7 3 Screening according to SNP molecular marker closely linked with target gene of disease and insect resistance, and selecting all 8 target genes as homozygous (Pi) 1 Pi 1 Pi 9 Pi 9 PitaPitaXa 23 Xa 23 Xa 7 Xa 7 Xa 21 Xa 21 Bph 1 4 Bph 14 Bph 15 Bph 15 ) 16 individuals of (2), selection at maturity and P 1 Selfing the single 4 plants which are most similar in plant height, spike shape, growth period and other phenotypes, harvesting each plant and selfing F 4 More than 1000 seeds;
s9 planting 4F plants obtained from S8 4 Screening 1 out the most uniform strains, screening more than 8 excellent single strains to obtain selfing seeds, and harvesting selfing F for each strain 5 More than 1000 seeds;
s10, planting different strains obtained from S9, performing yield identification, resistance identification and the like, and selecting a multi-resistant new germplasm which retains the main advantages of Huanghua but has obviously improved resistance to rice blast, bacterial leaf blight and brown planthopper.
Through resistance identification, the obtained multi-resistance new species has resistance to rice blast, bacterial leaf blight and brown planthopper which are all less than or equal to 3 grades, and is obviously superior to the existing receptor Huanghuazhan.
The techniques used in the above-mentioned test process are all the prior art, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for creating a multi-resistance rice new germplasm by using a molecular marker is characterized by comprising the following steps: performing polygene polymerization breeding on a material to be improved by utilizing a molecular marker assisted selection technology according to a breeding target, wherein the breeding target at least comprises polymerization resistance to bacterial blight, brown planthopper and rice blast, and the molecular marker is an SNP molecular marker; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, using the material to be improved without the disease and insect resistant genes as the receptor parent P 1 The acceptor parent P 1 Is Huanghuazhan to carry the gene Xa resisting bacterial blight 7 、Xa 21 And brown planthopper resistant gene Bph 14 、Bph 15 The material of (A) is a donor parent P 2 To carry a gene Pi against rice blast 1 And Pita as the donor parent P 3 To carry a gene Pi against rice blast 9 And a gene Xa resistant to bacterial blight 23 The material of (A) is a donor parent P 4 A 1 is to P 2 、P 3 、P 4 Are respectively connected with P 1 Hybridizing to obtain F 12 、F 13 、F 14 Three crosses F 1 Seeds;
s2 planting F obtained in S1 12 、F 13 、F 14 Screening out individual plants heterozygous for corresponding target genes resistant to diseases and insects by molecular markers closely linked with the corresponding genes resistant to diseases and insects, and respectively screening out individual plants heterozygous for the target genes resistant to diseases and insects 1 Backcrossing to obtain BC respectively 1 F 12 、BC 1 F 13 、BC 1 F 14
S3, planting BC obtained from S2 1 F 12 、BC 1 F 13 、BC 1 F 14 Respectively screening out single plants heterozygous for the corresponding target genes of the disease and insect resistance as primary selection single plants through molecular markers closely linked with the genes of the disease and insect resistance; then the rice whole genome polymorphism markers are utilized to carry out whole genome background selection on the initially selected individual plants, and P is respectively selected from the initially selected individual plants 1 The most similar individual plant in genetic background;
s4, screening the S3 sievePerforming polymerization hybridization on any two groups of the selected three groups of single plants to obtain polymerization hybridization F 1 Seeds; selfing another group to harvest BC 1 F 2 Seeds;
s5 planting F obtained in S4 1 And BC 1 F 2 Seeds are screened according to molecular markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant target genes respectively: f hybridized from polymerization 1 Screening out the primary selected individual plants with heterozygous corresponding target genes for resisting the disease and the insect, and selecting the inbred BC 1 F 2 Screening out primary selected single plants homozygous for the corresponding target genes for resisting the diseases and the insects; screening from respective primary selected individual plants by using rice genome-wide polymorphism markers and P 1 The most similar individual plant in genetic background; then the two groups of single plants are subjected to polymerization hybridization to obtain trimerization hybridization F 1 Seeds;
s6 trimeric hybrid F planted in S5 1 Seeds, screening out single plants in which 8 corresponding target genes of disease and insect resistance are heterozygous according to molecular markers closely linked with the target genes of disease and insect resistance, and selecting genetic background and P from the single plants by utilizing the polymorphism markers of the whole rice genome 1 Selfing the most similar single plants to obtain F 2 Seeds;
s7 planting F in S6 2 And continuous selfing is carried out to screen out 8 corresponding target genes which are homozygous and have comprehensive phenotype and P 1 The most similar multi-resistance rice new germplasm;
s7 includes the steps of:
s71, screening out the single plants containing 8 corresponding target genes of disease and insect resistance and at least 4 of which are homozygous according to the molecular markers closely linked with the target genes of disease and insect resistance, and selecting comprehensive phenotype and P from the single plants 1 Selfing the most similar single plants to obtain F 3 Seeds;
s72 planting F in S71 3 Screening out 8 homozygous single plants of disease and insect resistant genes according to molecular markers closely linked with the disease and insect resistant target genes, and selecting comprehensive phenotype and P from the single plants 1 Selfing the most similar single plants to obtain F 4 Seeds;
s73, planting S72F of (A) 4 And (4) identifying and screening the strains and continuous selfing progeny thereof to obtain the multi-resistance rice new germplasm.
2. The method for creating the new multi-resistance rice germplasm by using the molecular marker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the comprehensive phenotype of S7 comprises plant height, plant type and heading stage.
3. The use of the method for creating a new germplasm of multi-resistant rice using molecular markers as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for breeding rice resistant to various plant diseases and insect pests, including rice blast, bacterial blight and brown planthopper.
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CN109924120A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-06-25 华智水稻生物技术有限公司 A method of improvement Rice Resistance To Rice Blast and bacterial leaf spot resistance
CN109924119A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-06-25 华智水稻生物技术有限公司 A method of improvement bacterial blight of rice and Brown Planthopper Resistance
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