CN112775444B - Space powder bed additive manufacturing and processing system and method - Google Patents
Space powder bed additive manufacturing and processing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112775444B CN112775444B CN202011390446.1A CN202011390446A CN112775444B CN 112775444 B CN112775444 B CN 112775444B CN 202011390446 A CN202011390446 A CN 202011390446A CN 112775444 B CN112775444 B CN 112775444B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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Abstract
The invention provides a powder bed additive manufacturing and processing system and method in a space environment. The energy source for melting the metal powder is mainly by a semiconductor array laser. The semiconductor refrigerator maintains stable operation of the semiconductor array laser. In the powder laying system, a vacuum pump is used for realizing pressure difference in a forming cylinder to overcome microgravity factors in space and ensure that the thickness of a powder layer is uniform. And a protective gas circulating filtering system is adopted in the forming cabin to filter splashes and impurities generated by melting the metal powder by a multistage filtering system through a blowing pipeline and the bottom of the forming cylinder. The system and the method can overcome the disadvantages of microgravity, ultrahigh vacuum and the like in the space and realize the additive manufacturing and processing of the metal powder material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing and manufacturing, in particular to a space powder bed additive manufacturing and processing system and method.
Background
In order to realize the space manufacturing of the functional structural member, the space environment is considered to be very special compared with the ground environment, and the factors comprise microgravity, ultrahigh vacuum, strong radiation, large temperature change amplitude and the like, and the factors put special requirements on the on-orbit additive manufacturing process and materials. Wherein, the main factor influencing the rail additive manufacturing in the space station cabin is microgravity. The bonding and curing process of the materials in the process is directly related to whether the part can be formed or not and whether the part has good service performance or not.
In laser processing manufacturing, especially in metal powder additive manufacturing, a galvanometer or a mechanical arm is frequently adopted to control a laser beam to process various complex patterns and parts, and both the modes require a laser to provide high energy, the energy conversion efficiency of the laser is low, and the resources in a space station are limited and cannot provide sufficient energy. In addition, accuracy is easily lost and not well corrected during transportation of the equipment. Similarly, the methods used on the ground for the relatively mature metal powder additive manufacturing process mainly include Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and laser cladding (LMD), and the metal powder materials used in both methods cannot be uniformly laid on the processing substrate in the microgravity environment. Therefore, a light path system and a powder spreading device which are high in energy conversion efficiency and easy to ensure precision are selected and stably and uniformly spread on a substrate are needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a spatial powder bed additive manufacturing system and method.
The invention provides a space powder bed additive manufacturing and processing system which comprises a forming cabin, a light path system, a powder spreading system, a protective gas circulating and filtering system and a control module, wherein:
The molding cabin is filled with protective gas;
a powder cylinder and a molding cylinder are arranged in the molding cabin,
the powder spreading system is used for conveying metal powder from the powder cylinder to the forming cylinder and spreading the metal powder on a base plate of the forming cylinder;
the light path system is used for processing the spread powder;
the protective gas circulating and filtering system circularly moves protective gas in the forming cabin;
the control module controls the processing of the light path system, the movement of the powder spreading system and the movement of the protective gas circulating and filtering system.
Preferably, the optical path system comprises a semiconductor array laser module, and the semiconductor array laser module adopts a semiconductor area array laser module or a moving semiconductor line array laser module.
Preferably, the device further comprises a collimating module and a plano-convex lens, wherein:
the collimation module changes the divergent light beam of the semiconductor array laser module into a parallel light beam;
and focusing the parallel light beams by using a plano-convex lens, and processing the metal powder.
Preferably, the powder spreading system comprises a powder spreading device, the powder spreading device comprises a scraper, the scraper conveys the powder from the powder cylinder to the forming cylinder, when the powder cylinder moves upwards for a distance of one layer thickness, the forming cylinder moves downwards for a distance of one layer thickness, and the powder is uniformly spread on the substrate of the forming cylinder through the scraper.
Preferably, the bottom of the forming cylinder is connected with a vacuum pump to form negative pressure, and the powder bed is driven to form air flow from top to bottom so as to be fixed.
Preferably, the protective gas comprises an inert gas.
Preferably, the protective gas circulation filtering system comprises a blowing pipeline, a filter, a blower and a wind speed adaptive regulator, wherein: the blowing pipeline, the filter, the blower and the wind speed self-adaptive regulator are sequentially connected end to end in the forming cabin for circulation, and splashes generated by unmelted metal powder are filtered.
Preferably, the semiconductor array laser module comprises a TEC refrigeration system.
The invention provides a space powder bed additive manufacturing and processing method based on the space powder bed additive manufacturing and processing system, which comprises the following steps:
model processing step: processing a model to be formed by adopting layered slicing software;
a filtration circulation step: opening a protective gas circulation filtering system;
layering: uniformly spreading metal powder on the substrate by a powder spreading system;
the processing steps are as follows: controlling the light path system to work, and descending the forming cylinder and ascending the powder cylinder;
and (3) circulating operation steps: and circulating the layering step and the processing step until the processing is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the protective gas circulating and filtering system is arranged, so that metal powder can be well and uniformly laid on the substrate, and the conversion efficiency is improved;
2. the additive manufacturing processing of the metal powder material in the space environment is realized, and the additive manufacturing requirement in the space station is met;
3. according to the invention, through the arrangement of the forming cabin, the light path system, the powder spreading system and the protective gas circulating and filtering system, the energy conversion efficiency is improved, and the device has the advantages of small volume, easiness in precision correction and the like.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spatial powder bed additive manufacturing processing system apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a light path system in a spatial powder bed additive manufacturing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a powder spreading system and an atmosphere protection filter system in a spatial powder bed additive manufacturing apparatus;
fig. 4 is a schematic process flow diagram of a spatial powder bed additive manufacturing system.
The figures show that:
gas circulation filtration system 1
Blower 103
Wind speed adaptive regulation controller 104
Semiconductor array laser module 201
Plano-convex lens 203
Forming cylinder 6
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a space powder bed additive manufacturing and processing system and method, and the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of microgravity, ultra-high vacuum, strong radiation, etc. in the space by using the techniques of semiconductor array laser, TEC refrigeration, protective gas circulation filtration, forming cylinder pressure difference, etc., so as to realize the additive manufacturing and processing of metal powder materials. The powder is uniformly spread on the powder bed through the scraper, then certain lasers in the semiconductor array laser module are controlled to emit laser to melt the powder, and then the powder spreading action and the laser melting process are repeated until the printing is finished. The energy source in the method is a semiconductor array laser module, the semiconductor laser has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, small volume, easiness in precision correction and the like, and the material increase manufacturing requirement in the space station can be met.
In more detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, the spatial powder bed additive manufacturing processing system includes an optical path system, a powder spreading system, a protective gas circulation filtering system, and a control system.
Further, the optical path system comprises a semiconductor array laser module, a fast axis collimator, a slow axis collimator, a focusing lens and a protective lens, and the main function of the optical path system is to provide continuous and stable additive manufacturing processing energy.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor array laser module in the optical path system adopts a semiconductor area array laser module or a moving semiconductor line array laser module, as shown in fig. 2. In particular, the optical parameters of the laser module wavelength, power, beam quality, etc. are selected according to the absorption characteristics of the actual processed metal powder.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor array laser module in the optical path system may also adopt a line array laser module (X direction), and a motor is used to drive and control the planar movement of the second axis (Y direction) of the optical path system.
In the embodiment of the invention, the collimator used for changing the divergent beam of the laser module into the parallel beam in the optical path system is divided into a fast axis and a slow axis. Meanwhile, the plano-convex lens is adopted to focus the parallel light beams, and the size and the quality of a processing area can be controlled by controlling the working distance of the optical path system. In particular, the lens material used in the system needs to satisfy the conditions of high-low temperature difference, high pressure and the like in the space environment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cooling system of the semiconductor array laser in the optical path system does not adopt a common water cooling or air cooling mode, but adopts a TEC refrigeration technology, and the method has the advantages of small size, light weight, capability of rapidly cooling and heating, capability of working under zero gravity and the like.
More specifically, the powder spreading system comprises a powder spreading device, a forming cylinder, a powder cylinder and the like, wherein a vacuum pump realizes pressure difference in the forming cylinder to overcome microgravity factors in space and ensure that the thickness of a powder layer is uniform.
In the embodiment of the invention, the powder laying system in the powder bed additive manufacturing device adopts a double-cylinder upward powder feeding mode, namely, one cylinder is a powder cylinder, and the other cylinder is a forming cylinder, as shown in fig. 3. The powder is conveyed to the forming cylinder from the powder cylinder through a scraper, the powder cylinder moves upwards for a distance of one layer thickness in the moving sequence, the forming cylinder moves downwards for a distance of one layer thickness, and then the powder is uniformly paved on a substrate of the forming cylinder through the scraper.
In the embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the forming cylinder is connected with a vacuum pump to form negative pressure, and the powder bed is driven to form air flow from top to bottom so as to fix the powder bed, because the metal powder in the space cannot be fixed under the zero gravity environment. In particular, the design of the multi-stage filtration system at the bottom avoids the powder being carried away by the gas flow.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the atmosphere protection system in the powder bed additive manufacturing apparatus uses inert gas such as argon and nitrogen as the protection gas in the forming process. Specifically, the protective gas circulates in the molding chamber through a blowing pipeline, a filter, a blower and a speed adaptive regulator, and splashes generated by the melting of the metal powder are filtered.
In the embodiment of the invention, the control system in the powder bed additive manufacturing device is mainly used for controlling the movement of the powder cylinder, the forming cylinder and the scraper of the powder laying system. Meanwhile, the selective operation of each laser in the semiconductor area array laser module, the plane movement of the semiconductor area array laser module and the distance between the optical path system and the powder bed plane of the powder spreading system are controlled. In particular, the working speed of the laser and the distance between the optical path system and the plane of the powder bed of the powder laying system can be adjusted to improve the processing quality. In addition, the continuous and stable operation of the inert gas in the molding cabin is controlled, the stability and uniformity of the powder bed are ensured, the failure rate of the part processing caused by splashing is reduced, and the part deformation caused by the sliding of a molded part in the processing process is avoided.
In the embodiment of the invention, the powder bed additive manufacturing method is to perform laser processing in a forming cabin filled with inert protective gas. The processing flow is shown in fig. 4, the first step is to process a model to be formed by using layered slicing software, the second step is to open a protective gas circulation filtering system, the third step is to uniformly and fully pave metal powder on a substrate through a powder paving system, the fourth step is to control a semiconductor array laser module of a light path system to start working, and the fifth step is to descend a forming cylinder and ascend a powder cylinder. And then circulating the steps three to five until the processing is finished.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a space powder bed vibration material disk system of processing which characterized in that, includes shaping cabin, light path system, shop's powder system, protective gas circulation filtration system and control module, wherein:
the forming cabin is filled with protective gas;
A powder cylinder and a molding cylinder are arranged in the molding cabin,
the powder spreading system is used for conveying metal powder from the powder cylinder to the forming cylinder and spreading the metal powder on a base plate of the forming cylinder;
the light path system is used for processing the spread powder;
the protective gas circulating and filtering system circularly moves protective gas in the forming cabin;
the control module controls the processing of the light path system, the movement of the powder spreading system and the movement of the protective gas circulating and filtering system;
the bottom of the forming cylinder is connected with a vacuum pump to form negative pressure, and the powder bed is driven to form airflow from top to bottom to fix the powder bed.
2. The spatial powder bed additive manufacturing processing system of claim 1, wherein the optical path system comprises a semiconductor array laser module, the semiconductor array laser module employing a semiconductor area array laser module or a moving semiconductor line array laser module.
3. The spatial powder bed additive manufacturing processing system of claim 2, further comprising a collimating module and a plano-convex lens, wherein:
the collimation module changes the divergent light beam of the semiconductor array laser module into a parallel light beam;
and focusing the parallel light beams by using a plano-convex lens, and processing the metal powder.
4. The spatial powder bed additive manufacturing system of claim 1 wherein the powder spreading system comprises a powder spreading device comprising a scraper that transports powder from the powder cylinder to the forming cylinder, and wherein when the powder cylinder is moved up a distance of one layer thickness, the forming cylinder is moved down a distance of one layer thickness to uniformly spread the powder on the substrate of the forming cylinder by the scraper.
5. The spatial powder bed additive manufacturing processing system of claim 1, wherein the shielding gas comprises an inert gas.
6. The spatial powder bed additive manufacturing processing system of claim 1, wherein the shielding gas circulation filtration system comprises a blowing line, a filter, a blower, and an adaptive air speed regulator, wherein: the blowing pipeline, the filter, the blower and the wind speed self-adaptive regulator are sequentially connected end to end in the forming cabin for circulation, and splashes generated by unmelted metal powder are filtered.
7. The spatial powder bed additive manufacturing processing system of claim 2, wherein said semiconductor array laser module comprises a TEC refrigeration system.
8. A spatial powder bed additive manufacturing process method based on the spatial powder bed additive manufacturing process system of any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
Model processing step: processing a model to be formed by adopting layered slicing software;
a filtration circulation step: opening a protective gas circulation filtering system;
layering: uniformly spreading metal powder on the substrate by a powder spreading system;
the processing steps are as follows: controlling the light path system to work, and descending the forming cylinder and ascending the powder cylinder;
and (3) circulating operation steps: and circulating the layering step and the processing step until the processing is finished.
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| CN102029389B (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-23 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for manufacturing porous tissue by laser sintering rapid prototyping based on negative pressure |
| US10953571B2 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2021-03-23 | Made In Space, Inc. | Metal casting methods in microgravity and other environments |
| WO2016150559A1 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-29 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for the 3d printing of workpieces |
| US20180141161A1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-24 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Synthesis of asteroidal or meteoritical powder for additive manufacture of high fidelity metallic components in space |
| WO2018145194A1 (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2018-08-16 | Valorbec Société en Commandite | Methods and systems for additive manufacturing |
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| EP3587615A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-01 | Airbus Defence and Space | Method and device for forming layers or bodies in space |
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| CN109746546B (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-04 | 上海交通大学 | Metal semi-molten stacking additive manufacturing method and equipment |
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Inventor after: Wang Xuqin Inventor after: Xu Weichun Inventor after: Sun Jing Inventor after: Qiu Lianfang Inventor after: Liu Yuwen Inventor after: Deng Wenjing Inventor before: Wang Xuqin Inventor before: Sun Jing Inventor before: Qiu Lianfang Inventor before: Liu Yuwen Inventor before: Deng Wenjing |
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