CN112766669A - Drainage basin pollution limit value emission verification method based on water quality model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drainage basin pollution limit emission verification method based on a water quality model, belongs to the technical field of water environment protection and environment management, and particularly relates to a drainage basin pollution limit emission verification method. The invention aims to solve the problems that the calculation of the pollution discharge permission limit value in China is not scientific enough, and the management of the pollution discharge permission and the pollution discharge monitoring system are not perfect. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining and collecting data by an accounting unit; secondly, data collection; thirdly, estimating emission limit; fourthly, establishing and verifying a water quality model; and fifthly, predicting and adjusting. The drainage basin pollution limit emission verification method based on the water quality model is clear in principle, easy to implement and accurate in calculation result. Compared with the existing watershed management, the method is more refined and has higher operability. The output result of the invention is pictures and charts, and the result is more visual and obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment protection and environment management, and particularly relates to a drainage basin pollution limit emission verification method.
Background
Water pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. The government of China always strives to improve the river water quality by controlling the total amount of water pollution, and the trial run is carried out by establishing a mode of reporting and registering the pollution discharge, so that the total amount of the water environment pollution discharge is controlled. The water quality reaching the standard is the core of the pollution discharge license management, and the main body of the pollution discharge bears the dual responsibility of reaching the standard for discharge and the water quality of the received water body. Pollution discharge according to the limit value is an important measure for controlling the total amount of pollutants and is also an important index in the pollutant discharge process. The water quality standard-reaching assessment of the water functional area is a relatively universal river water functional area management means at present in China, and also becomes a basis for supervision and management and water resource development and utilization of the water functional area. When the limit value is calculated, the influence of standard reaching examination of the water quality of the water functional area is fully considered, so that the pollution discharge scheme meets the requirement of the water quality target of the water functional area.
The existing pollution discharge permission limit is verified, one is that the concentration limit and the emission limit are determined by using the method based on the technical pollution discharge permission management according to the characteristics of an enterprise, the method does not directly consider the standard reaching condition of the water environment quality, and the target of the standard reaching of the surface environment quality is difficult to realize. The other is a legal basis for restricting enterprises to control the total pollutant emission amount and the pollutant emission mode according to the water quality standard-reaching requirement, and the legal basis comprises implementing TMDL and adopting the gradual tightening of the pollution discharge permission limit of the enterprises in the areas with the water quality not reaching the standard to realize the water environment quality reaching the standard. The two methods have high operability, but neglect the influence of complex factors such as natural environment and the like. Therefore, establishing a more accurate method for checking the pollution discharge allowable limit is an urgent task at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the calculation of the pollution discharge allowable limit in China is not scientific enough and the management of the pollution discharge license and the pollution discharge monitoring system are not perfect, and provides a drainage basin pollution limit discharge verification method based on a water quality model.
The drainage basin pollution limit emission verification method based on the water quality model is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, determining and collecting data by an accounting unit:
determining the initial section of the river reach through accounting, monitoring the position coordinates of the section, finding out the water quality control target of the water quality function area of the accounting unit, and screening out factors which easily exceed the standard as evaluation factors;
secondly, data collection:
collecting the section flow, pollutant concentration, pollutant reduction coefficient, drain outlet coordinate, drain outlet concentration and branch flow coordinate of each long-time sequence of the accounting unit;
thirdly, estimating emission limit:
selecting a water quality mathematical model, and calculating the highest allowable discharge amount of corresponding pollutants;
fourthly, establishing and verifying a water quality model:
an EFDC (the Environmental Fluid dynamics code) model is selected, a water quality model of an accounting unit is established, and verification and parameter adjustment are carried out according to actually measured data;
fifthly, predicting and adjusting:
and predicting the water quality condition of each monitored section in the next 5 years according to the estimated emission limit value, and adjusting the emission limit value according to the water quality condition of the monitored section until each section reaches the standard, namely the final emission limit value.
The water quality mathematical model in the third step is as follows:
in the formula: w indicates the maximum pollutant discharge amount allowed by the river in the control unit, and the unit is kg/d;
Csthe water quality standard specified by rivers in a control unit is unit mg/L;
Qpmeans the average worst flow per month with a 90% guarantee rate in m3/s；
q is the amount of side sewage, unit m3/s；
C0The concentration of pollutants allowed by the upstream section of the inland river of the control unit is in mg/L;
k denotes the corresponding pollutant reduction overall coefficient, unit d-1；
And x is the distance between the upstream and downstream sections of the river, and is the unit m.
The corresponding pollutant maximum allowable discharge amount calculation method in the third step comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the highest pollutant discharge amount of a main river in each control unit, and then dividing the pollutant discharge amount by the total sewage discharge amount in the corresponding control unit, namely:
the EFDC model establishing step in the fourth step is as follows:
basic principle of model
The momentum equation:
the continuous equation:
the state equation is as follows:
ρ＝ρ(p，S，T) (6)
temperature and salinity transport equation:
secondly, establishing a model:
and (4) subdividing the entry orthogonal grid of the simulation area, further determining a water quality boundary and a hydrodynamic boundary by combining with an actual situation, setting initial conditions and background parameters, and operating and correcting.
The invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the drainage basin pollution limit emission verification method based on the water quality model is clear in principle, easy to implement and accurate in calculation result.
Compared with the existing watershed management, the method is more refined and has higher operability.
And thirdly, the output result of the invention is pictures and diagrams, and the result is more visual and obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a grid division diagram of the south section from Xinkamura to Yushan in Yinah experiment I;
FIG. 2 is a time series diagram of the ammonia nitrogen concentration at the monitoring point of Liu Zhen Tun in the first experiment;
FIG. 3 is a COD concentration time series diagram of monitoring points of Liu Zhen Tun in the first experiment;
FIG. 4 is a time series diagram of ammonia nitrogen concentration at monitoring points in the southern part of the mountain in the first experiment;
FIG. 5 is a time series diagram of the ammonia nitrogen concentration at the monitoring point in the southern part of the mountain in the first experiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the distribution of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the section from Xinkamura to the southern part of the mountain in experiment I;
FIG. 7 is a COD concentration distribution diagram from the newly opened village to the southern part of the mountain in the first experiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the drainage basin pollution limit emission verification method based on the water quality model is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, determining and collecting data by an accounting unit:
determining the initial section of the river reach through accounting, monitoring the position coordinates of the section, finding out the water quality control target of the water quality function area of the accounting unit, and screening out factors which easily exceed the standard as evaluation factors;
secondly, data collection:
collecting the section flow, pollutant concentration, pollutant reduction coefficient, drain outlet coordinate, drain outlet concentration and branch flow coordinate of each long-time sequence of the accounting unit;
thirdly, estimating emission limit:
selecting a water quality mathematical model, and calculating the highest allowable discharge amount of corresponding pollutants;
fourthly, establishing and verifying a water quality model:
establishing an EFDC model, firstly subdividing an entry orthogonal grid of a simulation area, further determining a water quality boundary and a hydrodynamic boundary by combining actual conditions, setting initial conditions and background parameters, operating and correcting.
Fifthly, predicting and adjusting:
and predicting the water quality condition of each monitored section in the next 5 years according to the estimated emission limit value, and adjusting the emission limit value according to the water quality condition of the monitored section until each section reaches the standard, namely the final emission limit value.
The second embodiment is as follows: in the first step of the specific embodiment, the water quality mathematical model is as follows:
in the formula: w indicates the maximum pollutant discharge amount allowed by the river in the control unit, and the unit is kg/d;
Csthe water quality standard specified by rivers in a control unit is unit mg/L;
Qpmeans the average worst flow per month with a 90% guarantee rate in m3/s；
q is the amount of side sewage, unit m3/s；
C0The concentration of pollutants allowed by the upstream section of the inland river of the control unit is in mg/L;
k denotes the corresponding pollutant reduction overall coefficient, unit d-1；
And x is the distance between the upstream and downstream sections of the river, and is the unit m.
The third concrete implementation mode: the method for calculating the maximum allowable pollutant emission amount in the third step of the first embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the highest pollutant discharge amount of a main river in each control unit, and then dividing the pollutant discharge amount by the total sewage discharge amount in the corresponding control unit, namely:
the fourth concrete implementation mode: in the fourth step of the first embodiment, the establishing step of the EFDC model is as follows:
basic principle of model
The momentum equation:
the continuous equation:
the state equation is as follows:
ρ＝ρ(p，S，T) (6)
temperature and salinity transport equation:
secondly, establishing a model:
and (4) subdividing the entry orthogonal grid of the simulation area, further determining a water quality boundary and a hydrodynamic boundary by combining with an actual situation, setting initial conditions and background parameters, and operating and correcting.
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
experiment one:
the geographical and agricultural ecological research of northeast China of China academy of sciences in the Renakai river basin undertakes the design related work of the ecological release scheme of Jilin province, and in the aspect of checking the pollution discharge permission limit value, local pollution discharge permission limit value checking work is carried out from the stone head reservoir to the Liuzhengtun section in the Renakai river basin, and the checking is carried out according to the following method:
firstly, determining and screening evaluation factors by an accounting unit:
and determining a checking unit between the stone head reservoir in the drinking river basin and the mountain-leaning south building station, and executing a V-type water standard, wherein COD (chemical oxygen demand) is 40mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 2mg/L, and the exceeding phenomenon is found in the checking with the water quality index, and the two are evaluation factors.
Secondly, data collection:
and selecting a stone door reservoir, a Xinkaihun, a Liu Zhen Tun and a southern building on a mountain as background monitoring sites.
The data collected are as follows:
1 background monitoring section
1.1 position
Stone door reservoir (coordinates: 125.74722841, 43.97478066)
Liu Zhen Tun (coordinates: 125.72325906, 44.68735984)
Go to the south of the mountain (coordinates: 125.75595336, 44.86689161)
Xinkamura (coordinate: Xinkamura 125.82826707, 44.34588499)
1.2 flow rate
Flow data of river reach from stone gate reservoir to southern building, flow of Liu Zhen Tun-southern building and flow of Xinkamura
1.3 contaminants
Month scale data of 2019 years of Xinkamura, Liuzhengtun and Yushan Nanlou 2017
2 pollution source (COD, ammonia nitrogen)
2.1 contaminant reduction factor
| COD(S-1) | Ammonia nitrogen (S)-1) | |
| Dry season | 0.00000117 | 0.00000020 |
| Period of normal water | 0.00000164 | 0.00000040 |
| Rich water period | 0.00000469 | 0.00000443 |
2.2 New Chongcun segment-Liuzhengtun segment dry flow drain outlet coordinate, concentration, flow
Thirdly, accounting for the pollution discharge allowable limit value based on technology
The method mainly refers to a basic method of technical principles and methods for preparing local water pollutant emission standards (GB 3839) for determining the pollutant emission limit value of the drinking horse river basin, selects a water quality mathematical model (formula 1), and calculates the maximum allowable emission amount of the corresponding pollutants.
In the formula: w indicates the maximum pollutant discharge amount allowed by the river in the control unit, and the unit is kg/d;
Csthe water quality standard specified by rivers in a control unit is unit mg/L;
Qpmeans the average worst flow per month with a 90% guarantee rate in m3/s；
q is the amount of side sewage, unit m3/s；
C0The concentration of pollutants allowed by the upstream section of the inland river of the control unit is in mg/L;
k denotes the corresponding pollutant reduction overall coefficient, unit d-1；
x is the distance between the upstream and downstream sections of the river, unit m;
the compiling group calculates the maximum pollutant discharge limit value of the main river in each control unit by the sub-control units of the drinking river basin, and then divides the maximum pollutant discharge limit value by the total sewage discharge amount (discharge amount of a town sewage treatment plant, direct discharge amount of an industrial enterprise and discharge amount of an overflow port) in the corresponding control unit (formula 2) to obtain the pollutant discharge concentration limit value in the control unit, namely:
in the above calculation process, CsAnd C0The pollutant concentration limit value is determined according to the water quality target of the corresponding river reach; q is calculated according to the total sewage discharge amount in the corresponding control unit; u is determined according to hydrological yearbook records and actual monitoring data of the corresponding water system; qpCalculating according to hydrologic record data; for the selection of the k value of the pollutant reduction comprehensive coefficient, the determination is carried out by referring to domestic related research, literature and monitoring data
And (3) calculating the result:
| Climit ofCOD | CLimit ofAmmonia nitrogen |
| 50mg/L | 2.8mg/L |
Fourthly, establishing a water quality model
1 mesh division
The section from the Xinkamura village to the southern part of the Mountaineering river is divided into 1850 orthogonal grids, the average orthogonal deviation is 4.5, and the precision requirement is met. Because the drink horse river is narrow in width, a single grid is adopted in the width direction. Compared with lakes and reservoirs, rivers are shallow in water depth, and indexes in the water depth direction are not changed greatly, so that the rivers are not layered in the vertical direction. And (3) performing hydrodynamic force and water quality calculation by taking the whole drinkable mare river as only 1 layer under a vertical standard sigma coordinate system.
2 initial conditions
The calculation time is 1/2018-12/31/2024. To ensure the stability of the model, the time step is set to 2 s. According to the actual measurement result, the initial average water depth is set to be 1.9m, the initial temperature is 20 ℃, the initial COD concentration is 30mg/L, and the attenuation coefficient is 0.19 (d)-1) The initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 1.5 mg/L. The model starts to operate from 1/2018, and reaches a stable state before 1/2019 through a stable period of one year, and the influence of initial errors on a simulation result is reduced.
Determining hydrodynamic boundaries
3 sewage outlets are arranged from the new village to the southern part of the mountain of the drinking horse river, and are respectively a discharge port of a sewage treatment plant in the Germany city, an overflow port beside the discharge port of the sewage treatment plant in the Germany city and a sewage outlet of food in the Germany city. And 3 main branches are merged into the river, namely the fog opening river, the Yitong river and the three ditches. Therefore, according to the existing data, 8 flow boundaries are set in the simulation, wherein 7 inlet boundaries are set for a new village, 3 drain outlets and 3 main branches, an outlet boundary is set close to the south of the mountain, an EFDC model, namely a water quality model of an accounting unit, is set up, the flow is monitored in 2018-2019, and the predicted flow is in 2020-2024.
Fifthly, predicting and adjusting
According to the discharge limit values calculated by the formula 1 and the formula 2, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the sewage outlet is set to be 2.8mg/L, the COD concentration is set to be 50mg/L, the rest of the ammonia nitrogen concentration is input into a water quality model of an accounting unit, namely an EFDC water quality model (the IV-class water standard concentration of the surface water is 1.5mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, and 30mg/L of COD) according to the IV-class water standard concentration of the surface water, the ammonia nitrogen exceeds the standard, and the limit value is input for adjustment until 2.2mg/L of ammonia nitrogen is input, so that the water quality standard is met. The results are shown in fig. 2 to fig. 5, which are time series of ammonia nitrogen and COD concentration at the monitoring points of liuzhengtun and nanshan, and after a stabilization period of one year, the ammonia nitrogen and COD concentration at the monitoring section of liuzhengtun and the monitoring section of nanshan tower changes regularly from 2019. Because the annual discharge amount of the sewage discharge outlet is a unified limit value, the flow of the river channel is small and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and COD tend to rise in the period from the dry period to the flat period. The river flow is larger during the rich water period, and ammonia nitrogen and COD are in a descending trend. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are the distribution diagrams of ammonia nitrogen and COD respectively in the sections from Xinkamura to the southern part of the mountain, and it can be seen that the maximum concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 1.8mg/L and the maximum concentration of COD is 39.6mg/L in the whole river reach in the predicted year. In general, after the three sewage outlets are discharged according to the limit values, the concentrations of the two pollutants can reach the standard at the monitoring point and even the whole river reach. Therefore, in a comprehensive view, the ammonia nitrogen pollution discharge limit concentration of the cover section sewage discharge outlet is 2.2mg/L, and the COD concentration is 50 mg/L.
Claims (4)
1. The watershed pollution limit discharge approval method based on the water quality model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, determining and collecting data by an accounting unit:
determining the initial section of the river reach through accounting, monitoring the position coordinates of the section, finding out the water quality control target of the water quality function area of the accounting unit, and screening out factors which easily exceed the standard as evaluation factors;
secondly, data collection:
collecting the section flow, pollutant concentration, pollutant reduction coefficient, drain outlet coordinate, drain outlet concentration and branch flow coordinate of each long-time sequence of the accounting unit;
thirdly, estimating emission limit:
selecting a water quality mathematical model, and calculating the highest allowable discharge amount of corresponding pollutants;
fourthly, establishing and verifying a water quality model:
selecting an EFDC model, establishing a water quality model of an accounting unit, and verifying and adjusting parameters according to the actually measured data;
fifthly, predicting and adjusting:
and predicting the water quality condition of each monitored section in the next 5 years according to the estimated emission limit value, and adjusting the emission limit value according to the water quality condition of the monitored section until each section reaches the standard, namely the final emission limit value.
2. The watershed pollution limit emission verification method based on the water quality model according to claim 1, characterized in that the water quality mathematical model in the third step is as follows:
in the formula: w indicates the maximum pollutant discharge amount allowed by the river in the control unit, and the unit is kg/d;
Csthe water quality standard specified by rivers in a control unit is unit mg/L;
Qpmeans the average worst flow per month with a 90% guarantee rate in m3/s；
q is the amount of side sewage, unit m3/s；
C0The concentration of pollutants allowed by the upstream section of the inland river of the control unit is in mg/L;
k denotes the corresponding pollutant reduction overall coefficient, unit d-1；
And x is the distance between the upstream and downstream sections of the river, and is the unit m.
3. The watershed pollution limit emission verification method based on the water quality model according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding pollutant maximum allowable emission amount calculation method in the third step is as follows:
firstly, calculating the highest pollutant discharge amount of a main river in each control unit, and then dividing the pollutant discharge amount by the total sewage discharge amount in the corresponding control unit, namely:
4. the watershed pollution limit emission verification method based on the water quality model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the EFDC model in the fourth step is established by the following steps:
basic principle of model
The momentum equation:
the continuous equation:
the state equation is as follows:
ρ＝ρ(p，S，T) (6)
temperature and salinity transport equation:
secondly, establishing a model:
and (4) subdividing the entry orthogonal grid of the simulation area, further determining a water quality boundary and a hydrodynamic boundary by combining with an actual situation, setting initial conditions and background parameters, and operating and correcting.
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| CN113327056A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-08-31 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for defining water pollution type |
| CN113912250A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-01-11 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Biological ecological remediation system for rural sewage |
| CN113935199A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-01-14 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Ecological chain type restoration system for rural water environment |
| CN116090710A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-05-09 | 湖北君邦环境技术有限责任公司 | Management method, system, electronic equipment and medium for enterprise pollution discharge permission |
| CN117332959A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-01-02 | 中建生态环境集团有限公司 | River basin river entering pollutant regulation and control method based on section water quality reaching standard |
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| CN113912250A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-01-11 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Biological ecological remediation system for rural sewage |
| CN113935199A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-01-14 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Ecological chain type restoration system for rural water environment |
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| CN116090710A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-05-09 | 湖北君邦环境技术有限责任公司 | Management method, system, electronic equipment and medium for enterprise pollution discharge permission |
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| CN117332959B (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-05-28 | 中建生态环境集团有限公司 | River basin river entering pollutant regulation and control method based on section water quality reaching standard |
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