CN112747982A - Hollow cylinder sample compaction device and compaction method - Google Patents
Hollow cylinder sample compaction device and compaction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112747982A CN112747982A CN202011563771.3A CN202011563771A CN112747982A CN 112747982 A CN112747982 A CN 112747982A CN 202011563771 A CN202011563771 A CN 202011563771A CN 112747982 A CN112747982 A CN 112747982A
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical laboratory test equipment and provides a compaction device and a compaction method for a hollow cylindrical sample, wherein the compaction device comprises a die and a compactor, and the die comprises a base, an inner die and an outer die; the inner die and the outer die are arranged above the base; an inner extending mold is erected above the inner mold, and an outer extending mold is erected above the outer mold; the compaction device comprises a leveling ring, a leveling ring guide rod, a compaction hammer and a compaction hammer guide rod; the leveling ring is placed on the sample, and the compaction hammer is placed above the leveling ring; the leveling ring guide rod is fixedly connected with the leveling ring through a groove; the compaction hammer is provided with a through hole for the leveling ring guide rod to pass through; the compaction hammer guide rod is positioned above the compaction hammer. The invention can prepare the hollow cylindrical sample with larger relative compactness, is convenient to use and operate, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of preparing the remolded sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of test equipment in a geotechnical laboratory, and particularly relates to a compaction device and a compaction method for a hollow cylindrical sample.
Background
The hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus is an advanced geotechnical test apparatus for carrying out a hollow torsional shear triaxial test, and has the characteristics of high test precision, complete functions, no noise and the like.
The relative compactness of the sample is one of the important indicators affecting the test. In ordinary triaxial test, its rammer is solid cylinder, and the preparation is simple and easy, but in hollow cylinder torsional shear test, the sample cross section is the ring shape, and the preparation step of remolding the appearance is more loaded down with trivial details, and whether its relative compactness is up to standard, even, is the prerequisite condition that ensures that the experiment is successful, the result is credible, but instrument manufacturer GDS company has only provided a metal vibrating rod as the rammer, and this obviously can't satisfy the test demand, has initiated several operation difficulties: firstly, a sample with relative compactness of more than 0.5 cannot be prepared; secondly, when the samples are loaded in layers, each layer is not uniform; the thickness change of each layer is difficult to control when the material is hit to be real; and fourthly, brushing the layers of the layers to control the flatness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a compaction device and a compaction method for a hollow cylindrical sample, which can be used for preparing uniform samples with different relative compactness and improving the accuracy and efficiency of preparing a remolded sample.
A hollow cylinder sample compaction device comprises a mould and a compactor, wherein the mould comprises a base, an inner mould and an outer mould; the inner die and the outer die are arranged above the base; an inner extending mold is erected above the inner mold, and an outer extending mold is erected above the outer mold; the compaction device comprises a leveling ring, a leveling ring guide rod, a compaction hammer and a compaction hammer guide rod; the leveling ring is placed on the sample, and the compaction hammer is placed above the leveling ring; the leveling ring guide rod is fixedly connected with the leveling ring through a groove; the compaction hammer is provided with a through hole for the leveling ring guide rod to pass through; the compaction hammer guide rod is positioned above the compaction hammer.
Furthermore, the compaction hammer guide rod is fixedly connected with the compaction hammer through a groove.
Furthermore, the top of the leveling ring guide rod is provided with a limiter.
Furthermore, the leveling ring guide rod is marked with scales, and the height of the leveling ring guide rod is 220 mm.
Furthermore, the compaction hammer is made of stainless steel and has the density of 7.8g/cm3。
Further, the height of the compaction hammer is 65mm, the inner diameter is 62mm, and the outer diameter is 98 mm.
Further, the leveling ring has a height of 10mm and an inner diameter of 62 mm; the outer diameter is 98 mm.
Furthermore, a fixing groove is formed in the base and used for fixing the inner die and the outer die.
Further, the height of the inner extension die and the outer extension die is 50 mm; the outer diameter of the inner die is 60 mm; the internal diameter of outer mould is 100mm, the height of interior mould and outer mould is 220 mm.
A compaction method of a hollow cylindrical sample compaction device comprises the following steps:
1) measuring the relative compactness of the soil sample for the sample, calculating the mass of the required soil sample according to the volume of the hollow cylindrical sample, and averagely dividing the mass into N parts;
the relative compactness calculation formula is as follows:
wherein D isγTo a relative compactness, pmaxIs the maximum dry density, pmaxIs the minimum dry density, and rho is the remolded soil density; 2) an inner die and an outer die are installed on the base, and rubber dies are sleeved on the outer wall of the inner die and the inner wall of the outer die; after the rubber mold is confirmed to be tightly attached to the mold, a sand-rain method is adopted for sample loading, a long-neck funnel is used for slowly, uniformly and continuously dropping the equally divided first soil sample into the annular cavity, the constant-speed rotation of the long-neck funnel in the annular cavity is constantly kept in the process, and the bottom of the long-neck funnel is always higher than the upper surface of the soil sample;
3) after the first soil sample is filled, the first soil sample is flattened by a metal bar, and simultaneously, an outer die is continuously tapped by a rubber hammer for matching; sleeving a compaction hammer into the leveling ring guide rod to complete the combination of the compaction device, lifting the guide rod, slowly placing the compaction hammer into the circular cavity, flatly pressing the compaction hammer on the soil sample, recording scales on the leveling ring guide rod at the moment, and comparing the scales with an expected value; according to the required relative compactness, the compaction hammer is improved to a proper height, and the compaction hammer falls down along the leveling ring guide rod by a looser, and is repeatedly carried out for a plurality of times until the scale reaches a desired value, so that compaction of the modified layer is completed;
4) scraping the upper surface of the compacted part to achieve better flatness, compacting the 2 nd to N-1 th layers, and repeating the process of the step 3); before the last soil sample is loaded, the inner and outer extension molds are installed and compacted, and then the inner and outer extension molds are removed after compaction.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the invention can prepare the hollow cylindrical sample with higher relative compactness and can achieve better accuracy and uniformity.
(2) The invention can control the compaction process in real time according to the scales of the guide rod of the leveling ring, and has convenient use and operation.
(3) The invention adjusts the inner and outer diameters of the leveling ring and the compaction hammer, effectively reduces the abrasion to the rubber molds at two sides and ensures the reliability of the test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hollow cylindrical sample compacting apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a structural view of each component of the hollow cylindrical sample compacting apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the hollow cylindrical sample compacting apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a left side view of the hollow cylindrical sample compacting apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of a hollow cylindrical sample mold.
FIG. 6 is a view showing the structure of a hollow cylindrical sample mold.
Fig. 7 is a left side view of a hollow cylindrical sample mold.
Fig. 8 is a left side view of a hollow cylindrical sample mold.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. an inner mold; 3. an outer mold; 4. extending the mold inwards; 5. extending the die outwards; 6. a leveling ring; 7. a leveling ring guide bar; 8. a compaction hammer; 9. a compaction hammer guide rod; 10. and a limiting stopper.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments:
the hollow cylinder sample compaction device is matched with a circle center cylinder torsional shear instrument (sample size inner diameter multiplied by outer diameter multiplied by height 60mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 200mm) produced by GDS company, and can prepare uniform samples with different relative compactness.
A hollow cylinder sample compaction device comprises a die and a compactor, wherein the die comprises: base 1, interior mould 2, outer mould 3. The base 1 is provided with a fixing groove for fixing the inner die 2 and the outer die 3; the inner die 2 and the outer die 3 are arranged above the base 1; an inner extending mold 4 is erected above the inner mold 2, and an outer extending mold 5 is erected above the outer mold 3; the height of the inner extension die 4 and the outer extension die 5 is 50 mm; the outer diameter of the inner die 2 is 60 mm; the inner diameter of the outer die 3 is 100 mm; the heights of the inner die and the outer die are all 220 mm.
The compaction device comprises: leveling ring 6, leveling ring guide rod 7, compaction hammer 8 and compaction hammer guide rod 9. The leveling ring 5 is placed on the sample, and the leveling ring guide rod 7 is fixedly connected with the leveling ring 6 through a groove. The compaction hammer 8 is provided with a through hole for the leveling ring guide rod 7 to pass through, the compaction hammer 8 is placed above the leveling ring 6, and the compaction hammer guide rod is positioned above the compaction hammer; the compaction hammer guide rod 9 is fixedly connected with the compaction hammer 8 through a groove. The top of the leveling ring guide 7 is provided with a stopper 10. Scales are marked on the leveling ring guide rod 7. The compaction hammer 8 is made of stainless steel and has the density of 7.8g/cm3. The height of the compaction hammer 8 is 65 mm; the inner diameter of the compaction hammer 8 is 62 mm; the outer diameter of the compaction hammer 8 is 98 mm; the inner diameter of the leveling ring 6 is 62 mm; the outer diameter of the leveling ring 6 is 98 mm; the leveling ring 6 is 10mm in height; the height of the leveling ring guide rod 6 is 220 mm; the height of the compaction hammer guide rod 9 is 180 mm;
(1) design of leveling ring and leveling ring guide rod
The hollow cylindrical test piece had an annular portion formed by 60mm of inner diameter and 100mm of outer diameter, i.e., an annular width of 20 mm. Considering that the rubber moulds are sleeved on the outer side of the inner mould and the inner side of the outer mould in the sample preparation process, the thickness of the rubber moulds on the two sides needs to be reduced by the ring width of the leveling ring, and a space of 1mm is reserved respectively, so that the friction between the leveling ring and the rubber moulds is avoided, and the risk of grinding the rubber moulds is reduced. In addition, in actual operation, the rubber mold on the inner side of the outer mold is not easy to be tightly attached to the outer mold, and the outer diameter of the leveling ring can be kept with a gap of 2mm for convenient operation.
The leveling ring guide rod is used as a framework of the whole compaction device and has three main functions: firstly, controlling and adjusting the horizontal and vertical positions of the leveling ring; secondly, the driving hammer is used as a moving track of the compaction hammer; scales are marked on the guide rod, so that the compression amount and the uniformity of the remolded sample can be observed in real time in the compaction process, and the expected relative compactness is met.
(2) Design of the compacting section
The compaction hammer is made of stainless steel (the density is 7.8 g/cm)3) Designed in a ring shape to fit the size of the leveling ring. In order to avoid the friction possibly generated with the rubber mold during the hitting, the inner diameter is enlarged by 2mm, and the outer diameter is reduced by 2 mm. The height is designed to be 65 mm.
The compaction hammer falls along the leveling ring guide rod, namely, the gravity potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, the energy is transmitted to the leveling ring and then transmitted to the sample, the compaction hammer can replace compaction hammers with different masses according to test requirements, and the position of the limiting stopper can be controlled to adjust the falling height of the compaction hammer, so that compaction work is controlled, and the requirements of different relative compactness of the sample are met.
(3) Inner and outer extension mould
The height of original inside and outside mould is unanimous with the sample height, leads to hitting in real time carrying out the layering at last time, and dress appearance, the space of hitting the reality is not enough, therefore need be with inside and outside mould extension, respectively correspond the design inside and outside extension mould, highly all get for 50mm, and extend the interior external diameter and the former mould of mould and keep unanimous to guarantee better hitting the reality effect.
The detailed operation steps of the invention are as follows:
1) measuring the relative compactness of the soil sample for the sample according to the formula
Calculating to obtain the density rho (D) of the remolded soilγTo a relative compactness, pmaxIs the maximum dry density, pmaxρ is the density of remolded soil) from the volume of the hollow cylindrical sample, and the mass of the soil sample is divided equally into several parts (five parts for example).
2) The base is provided with an inner die and an outer die, and rubber dies are sleeved on the outer wall of the inner die and the inner wall of the outer die. After confirming that the rubber mold is tightly attached to the mold, loading the sample by adopting a sand-rain method, slowly, uniformly and continuously dropping the equally-divided first soil sample into the annular cavity by using the long-neck funnel, constantly keeping the long-neck funnel to rotate at a constant speed in the annular cavity in the process, and enabling the bottom of the long-neck funnel to be higher than the upper surface of the soil sample all the time.
3) After the first soil sample is loaded, it can be leveled by a metal rod while being continuously tapped on the outer mold by a rubber hammer. And sleeving a compaction hammer into the leveling ring guide rod to complete the combination of the compaction device, lifting the guide rod, slowly putting the guide rod into the circular ring cavity, flatly pressing the circular ring cavity on the soil sample, recording scales on the leveling ring guide rod at the moment, and comparing the scales with an expected value (the total height of the sample is 200mm, the sample is loaded into the leveling ring guide rod for five times, and the expected value of each layer of the loaded sample is 40 mm). According to the required relative compactness, the compaction hammer is improved to a proper height, and the compaction hammer falls down along the leveling ring guide rod by a looser, and is repeatedly carried out until the scale reaches a desired value, so that compaction of the layer is changed.
4) And (3) shaving the upper surface after compaction to achieve better flatness, compacting the 2 nd-4 th layer, and repeating the process of the step (3). And before the fifth soil sample is loaded, the inner and outer extension molds are installed and compacted, and then the inner and outer extension molds are detached after compaction.
The invention can prepare the hollow cylindrical sample with larger relative compactness, is convenient to use and operate, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of preparing the remolded sample.
Claims (10)
1. A hollow cylinder sample compaction device is characterized by comprising a mold and a compactor, wherein the mold comprises a base, an inner mold and an outer mold; the inner die and the outer die are arranged above the base; an inner extending mold is erected above the inner mold, and an outer extending mold is erected above the outer mold; the compaction device comprises a leveling ring, a leveling ring guide rod, a compaction hammer and a compaction hammer guide rod; the leveling ring is placed on the sample, and the compaction hammer is placed above the leveling ring; the leveling ring guide rod is fixedly connected with the leveling ring through a groove; the compaction hammer is provided with a through hole for the leveling ring guide rod to pass through; the compaction hammer guide rod is positioned above the compaction hammer.
2. The hollow cylindrical sample compaction device according to claim 1, wherein the compaction hammer guide rod is fixedly connected to the compaction hammer through a groove.
3. The hollow cylindrical sample compaction device according to claim 1, wherein a stopper is provided at the top of the leveling ring guide.
4. The hollow cylindrical sample compaction device according to claim 1, wherein the leveling ring guide is provided with a scale, and the leveling ring guide has a height of 220 mm.
5. The hollow cylindrical sample compaction device of claim 1 wherein the compaction hammer is stainless steel and has a density of 7.8g/cm3。
6. The hollow cylindrical sample compaction device according to claim 1, wherein the compaction hammer has a height of 65mm, an inner diameter of 62mm, and an outer diameter of 98 mm.
7. The hollow cylindrical sample compacting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the leveling ring has a height of 10mm, an inner diameter of 62mm, and an outer diameter of 98 mm.
8. The hollow cylindrical sample compaction device according to claim 1, wherein the base is provided with a fixing groove for fixing the inner mold and the outer mold.
9. The hollow cylindrical sample compacting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the height of the inner extension die and the outer extension die is 50 mm; the outer diameter of the inner die is 60 mm; the internal diameter of outer mould is 100mm, the height of interior mould and outer mould is 220 mm.
10. The method for compacting a hollow cylindrical sample compacting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
1) measuring the relative compactness of the soil sample for the sample, calculating the mass of the required soil sample according to the volume of the hollow cylindrical sample, and averagely dividing the mass into N parts;
the relative compactness calculation formula is as follows:
2) an inner die and an outer die are installed on the base, and rubber dies are sleeved on the outer wall of the inner die and the inner wall of the outer die; after the rubber mold is confirmed to be tightly attached to the mold, a sand-rain method is adopted for sample loading, a long-neck funnel is used for slowly, uniformly and continuously dropping the equally divided first soil sample into the annular cavity, the constant-speed rotation of the long-neck funnel in the annular cavity is constantly kept in the process, and the bottom of the long-neck funnel is always higher than the upper surface of the soil sample;
3) after the first soil sample is filled, the first soil sample is flattened by a metal bar, and simultaneously, an outer die is continuously tapped by a rubber hammer for matching; sleeving a compaction hammer into the leveling ring guide rod to complete the combination of the compaction device, lifting the guide rod, slowly placing the compaction hammer into the circular cavity, flatly pressing the compaction hammer on the soil sample, recording scales on the leveling ring guide rod at the moment, and comparing the scales with an expected value; according to the required relative compactness, the compaction hammer is improved to a proper height, and the compaction hammer falls down along the leveling ring guide rod by a looser, and is repeatedly carried out for a plurality of times until the scale reaches a desired value, so that compaction of the modified layer is completed;
4) scraping the upper surface of the compacted part to achieve better flatness, compacting the 2 nd to N-1 th layers, and repeating the process of the step 3); before the last soil sample is loaded, the inner and outer extension molds are installed and compacted, and then the inner and outer extension molds are removed after compaction.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011563771.3A CN112747982A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Hollow cylinder sample compaction device and compaction method |
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| CN202011563771.3A CN112747982A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Hollow cylinder sample compaction device and compaction method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113358492A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-07 | 扬州大学 | Multifunctional test equipment for automatic sample loading of ring shear apparatus and use method thereof |
| CN113532994A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-22 | 济南大学 | Method for installing annular compaction device and preparing and disassembling soil sample |
| CN114062072A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-18 | 华东交通大学 | A hollow cylinder remolded appearance is hit real ware for saturation |
| CN114136748A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-04 | 华中科技大学 | Mold and method for preparing resin sand high-temperature compressive strength test sample |
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| CN108106896A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-01 | 宁波诺丁汉大学 | It is a kind of to operate easy sand hollow cylinder sample sample preparation device and its method for making sample |
| CN108663242A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-16 | 浙江大学 | A kind of ordinary triaxial test disturbed soil sample preparation device and method |
| CN109211692A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-15 | 吉林大学 | A kind of production of hollow cylinder torsional shear sample and saturation integrated device and its application method |
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2020
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| CN101216387A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 浙江大学 | Hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus remodeling sample compacting instrument |
| CN108663242A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-16 | 浙江大学 | A kind of ordinary triaxial test disturbed soil sample preparation device and method |
| CN107314926A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-03 | 中原工学院 | A kind of compacted soil samples experimental rig and its method for making sample |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113358492A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-07 | 扬州大学 | Multifunctional test equipment for automatic sample loading of ring shear apparatus and use method thereof |
| CN113532994A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-22 | 济南大学 | Method for installing annular compaction device and preparing and disassembling soil sample |
| CN113532994B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-10 | 济南大学 | Method for mounting annular compaction device, preparing soil sample and disassembling annular compaction device |
| CN114062072A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-18 | 华东交通大学 | A hollow cylinder remolded appearance is hit real ware for saturation |
| CN114136748A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-04 | 华中科技大学 | Mold and method for preparing resin sand high-temperature compressive strength test sample |
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Application publication date: 20210504 |