Piezoelectric power generation device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power generation devices, and particularly relates to a piezoelectric power generation device.
Background
In order to realize self-power supply of the wireless sensor for offshore environment monitoring, a plurality of scholars at home and abroad propose a method for converting wave energy into electric energy by utilizing the law of electromagnetic induction, piezoelectric effect and triboelectric effect so as to supply power to the wireless sensor, and various small-sized power generation devices are designed. The device adopts a resonant mechanical structure, and takes an electromagnetic power generation device as an example, a magnet vibrates reciprocally under the drive of waves, and a magnetic induction wire is cut so as to generate induced electromotive force in a coil. Such a resonant power generation device reaches maximum output power when the external excitation frequency is equal to its own natural frequency.
The existing resonant power generation device can generate larger output power even when the external excitation frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the device, namely, the device reaches a resonance state. However, the frequency range of the resonance type power generation device is very narrow, and the resonance type power generation device can work normally only in a narrow frequency range near the natural frequency. While for most power generation devices based on ambient vibrations, the natural frequency itself is much greater than the frequency of ambient vibrations. According to the theoretical formula, the output power of the power generation device is proportional to the third power of the working frequency. This means that the output power of the power generation device will drop drastically when the excitation frequency of the external environment decreases. In order to maximize the output power, the natural frequency of the generator must be close to the ambient vibration frequency. The environmental vibrations are low frequency vibrations, typically in the range of 1-20Hz, and the waves have a frequency less than 5Hz, and the overall size of the power plant must be increased in order to bring the natural frequency of the power plant in the vicinity thereof, since the natural frequency of the power plant is generally inversely proportional to its overall size. However, the increase in volume of the power generation device greatly reduces the output power density (the ratio of the output power to the working volume thereof), and also causes a series of problems such as an increase in manufacturing cost and an increase in installation difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the piezoelectric power generation device, wherein the external environment (such as waves) transmits low-frequency vibration to the piezoelectric power generation device through the rocker, and the piezoelectric power generation device realizes high-frequency vibration power generation of the piezoelectric components by matching a plurality of groups of piezoelectric components on the inner ring with a plurality of groups of magnets on the outer ring so as to improve the power generation efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a piezoelectric power generation device comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a piezoelectric power generation group;
the outer ring is of a cylindrical structure with one end open, and a rotating groove and an inner column arranged in the center of the inner wall of the bottom are arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the outer ring;
At least two groups of magnets are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring along the circumferential direction, and at least two groups of magnets are uniformly arranged on the surface of the inner column along the circumferential direction;
the side wall of the outer ring is provided with a through rocker movable groove along the circumferential direction, the inner ring is provided with a rocker, and the rocker extends out of the outer ring from the inner ring through the rocker movable groove;
the edge of the inner ring is provided with a rectangular convex edge, and the rectangular convex edge is matched with the rotating groove of the outer ring so that the outer ring and the inner ring can rotate relatively;
The inner ring is provided with at least two groups of piezoelectric power generation groups along the circumferential direction, the piezoelectric power generation groups comprise piezoelectric components, the piezoelectric components are fixedly connected to the inner ring, one end of each piezoelectric component faces to the inner surface of the outer wall of the outer ring, and the other end of each piezoelectric component faces to the inner column;
The piezoelectric assembly comprises a cantilever beam, a piezoelectric sheet and two magnets, wherein the piezoelectric sheet is attached to the cantilever beam, the two magnets are respectively fixed at two ends of the cantilever beam, and the middle part of the cantilever beam is fixedly connected in a rectangular groove of the inner ring;
The inner ring is provided with a rectangular groove, and the middle position of the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric assembly is fixedly connected with the rectangular groove of the inner ring.
In a specific embodiment, the number of the piezoelectric sheets of the piezoelectric assembly is 4, and the 4 piezoelectric sheets are symmetrically attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the cantilever beam along the middle position of the cantilever beam.
In one embodiment, the magnets of the piezoelectric assembly are of the same polarity as the opposite end faces of the magnets of the outer ring.
In a specific embodiment, each piezoelectric generating set includes three piezoelectric assemblies, and the three piezoelectric assemblies are disposed along a radial direction of the inner ring.
In one embodiment, each set of magnets on the outer ring located at the rocker moving groove comprises two magnets, and each other set of magnets comprises three magnets.
In one embodiment, the circumferential angle of the rocker moving groove is 90 degrees.
In one embodiment, the magnets on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring are three groups, and the magnets on the surface of the inner column are three groups.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The up-and-down motion of the waves is converted into a rotational motion of the inner ring (rotor) by means of floats and rockers.
2. Cantilever beams and piezoelectric sheets are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the inner ring (rotor), so that the output power density is improved.
3. The cooperation of the multiple groups of piezoelectric components on the inner ring and the multiple groups of magnets on the outer ring form an ascending frequency mechanism, the cantilever beam is driven to vibrate freely by utilizing interaction force between the magnets, and then power generation is performed by utilizing vibration of higher frequency of the cantilever beam.
4. Piezoelectric sheets are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cantilever beam, and the deformation of the cantilever beam is fully utilized to generate electricity according to the piezoelectric effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric power generation system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric power generation device;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a piezoelectric power generation device;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram and exploded view of a piezoelectric assembly;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a piezoelectric power generator;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the piezoelectric assembly.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention discloses a piezoelectric power generating device which can be used for a power generating system (i.e., a piezoelectric power generating system) capturing wave energy, the power generating system including a float 1, a piezoelectric power generating device 30, a column and a base 4, the float 1 being connected to the piezoelectric power generating device 30 through a rocker 2, the piezoelectric power generating device 30 being fixed to the base 4 through the column,
The piezoelectric power generation device 30 comprises an outer ring 3, an inner ring 4 and a piezoelectric power generation group 6, wherein a rectangular rocker movable groove 31 with a central angle of 90 degrees is formed in the outer ring 3 along the circumferential direction, the rocker 2 can swing up and down along the rocker movable groove 31, and the rocker 2 penetrates through the outer ring 3 to extend to the inner ring 4 and is fixedly connected with the inner ring 4. When the rocker 2 swings up and down, the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 can perform relative rotation.
The inner wall of the bottom of the outer ring 3 is provided with a rotating groove 32, and the rotating groove 32 and a plurality of saw-shaped convex edges 41 arranged on the edge of the inner ring 4 are mutually matched to form a rotating pair so that the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4 can rotate relatively. Inner wall of the bottom of the outer ring 3 an inner column 5 is arranged at the center, the inner column 5 is fixedly connected with the bottom inner wall of the outer ring 3.
The outer ring 3 is cylindrical, and magnet groups are embedded on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring 3 and the surface of the inner column 5. In a specific embodiment, the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring 3 is uniformly distributed with 12 groups of magnet groups along the circumferential direction at intervals of 30 degrees of central angle, wherein each group of magnet groups except for each group of magnet groups at the rocker movable groove 31 is provided with three magnets. 6 groups of magnet groups are uniformly distributed on the surface of the inner column 5 along the circumferential direction at 60-degree central angles, and each group of magnet group is provided with 3 magnets.
The inner ring 4 is in a thin-wall cylinder shape, 6 groups of rectangular grooves 7 are uniformly formed along the circumferential direction of the inner ring 4 (at intervals of 60 degrees), each group of 3 rectangular grooves 7 are arranged along the radial direction of the inner ring 4, and correspondingly, 3 piezoelectric assemblies 8 are radially arranged to form a piezoelectric power generation group 6. A piezoelectric assembly 8 is fixedly connected with the inner ring 4 through a rectangular groove 7, namely, the middle part of the power generation assembly 8 is in interference fit with the rectangular groove 7. The piezoelectric assemblies 8 are in one-to-one correspondence with the rectangular grooves 7, and a total of 6 groups, namely 18 piezoelectric assemblies 8 are mounted on the inner ring 4.
The piezoelectric assembly 8 includes a cantilever beam 81 (brass shims may be used), 4 piezoelectric patches 82, and two magnets 83. The cantilever beam 81 is a brass sheet with the thickness of 0.4mm, the middle part of the cantilever beam 81 is fixedly connected with the rectangular groove 7 of the inner ring 4, two free ends of the cantilever beam 81 are respectively provided with a magnet 83, and 4 piezoelectric sheets 82 are symmetrically adhered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cantilever beam 81 along the middle position.
The operation principle of the piezoelectric power generation system according to the present invention is as follows. When the floater 1 vibrates up and down along with waves, the rocker 2 is driven to swing up and down, so that the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 rotate relatively. The piezoelectric generating set 6 mounted on the inner ring 4 has a small gap with the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring 3 and the surfaces of the piezoelectric generating set 6 and the inner post 5. When the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 are rotated relatively, the magnets 83 at both ends of the cantilever beam 81 interact with the magnets on the inner surface of the sidewall of the outer ring 3 and the magnets on the inner post 5, respectively. Under the action of magnetic force, the cantilever beam 81 is deformed, so that the piezoelectric sheet 82 attached to the surface of the cantilever beam 81 is deformed. Depending on the positive piezoelectric effect, a piezoelectric patch that is pressed (or pulled) will output electrical energy.
The specific vibration power generation process of the piezoelectric assembly 8 is as follows. When the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 are rotated relatively, the magnet 33 on the outer ring 3 vibrates up and down with respect to the magnet 83 of the piezoelectric assembly 8. When the magnets 33 on the outer ring 3 approach the magnets 83 on the cantilever beam 81, an interaction force is generated between the magnets, and the interaction force drives the cantilever beam 81 to bend. As the relative movement of the magnet 83 continues gradually away from the cantilever beam, the force is reduced and the cantilever beam 81 is released. The cantilever beam 81 after being released will vibrate freely at its natural frequency. The rocking bar 2 oscillates at a frequency equal to the frequency of the wave motion, which is usually very low (< 5 Hz), but during the rocking bar 2 oscillation, the cantilever beam 81 is free to oscillate at its natural frequency, which is much higher than the frequency of the wave, up to hundreds of Hz, after each toggle by the magnet 33 on the outer ring 3. Therefore, the frequency is improved, and the output power and the energy conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric power generation device can be improved finally.
The piezoelectric power generation system can efficiently realize wave energy-electric energy conversion, can replace a battery of a wireless sensor for marine environment monitoring, avoids the trouble of battery replacement and recharging, and provides great help for the establishment of the Internet of things at sea.
The piezoelectric power generation system for capturing wave energy according to the present invention is understood to be two vibration systems in series, one being a low frequency vibration system (float end) and the other being a high frequency vibration system (piezoelectric power generation device end). The low frequency vibration system is capable of transmitting low frequency ambient (wave) vibrations to the high frequency vibration system, which converts the vibration energy into electrical energy using an electromechanical conversion mechanism. The introduction of the frequency-raising structure brings two fundamental advantages, namely that the vibration frequency for power generation is greatly improved, the output power density is directly increased, and the natural frequency of the frequency-raising structure can be close to the environmental vibration frequency without increasing the overall size of the power generation device.
In addition, the electromechanical conversion mechanism adopted by the invention is a piezoelectric effect (when the piezoelectric sheet is deformed, polarization phenomenon occurs in the piezoelectric sheet, so that electromotive force is generated), and compared with the traditional electromagnetic power generation device, the piezoelectric power generation device can more fully utilize the characteristics of low frequency and large amplitude of wave energy and more efficiently finish the conversion of electric energy. Since the output power of the electromagnetic generating device is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic induction line inside the coil, i.e., proportional to the moving speed of the magnet, according to faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the frequency of the wave has a large influence on it and the amplitude of the wave has a small influence on it, which cannot exert the advantage of the large amplitude of the wave. The piezoelectric power generation device is characterized in that the large amplitude of waves directly causes the vibration times of the piezoelectric sheets to be increased, so that the frequency and the amplitude of the waves influence the power output of the power generation device.
Aiming at the problem that low-frequency large-amplitude wave energy power generation is difficult, the frequency-increasing mechanism is combined with the electromechanical conversion mechanism based on the piezoelectric effect, so that the conversion efficiency of electric energy is improved, and the output power density is also improved. The self-powered marine electronic device has great application potential in realizing self-powered marine electronic devices such as wireless sensors for marine environment monitoring.
It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments described herein are illustrative and not limiting. Although one or more embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.