CN112706480B - Preparation method of polyurethane electronic and electrical insulating material - Google Patents
Preparation method of polyurethane electronic and electrical insulating material Download PDFInfo
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- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
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- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- C08J2427/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2427/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2427/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material, which comprises the following steps of preparing raw materials of polymerized fluororubber, polyurethane emulsion and a characteristic auxiliary coating, wherein the polymerized fluororubber consists of fluorine-containing monomer molecules, water, an auxiliary agent, a dispersing agent, a neutralization buffering agent, an initiator and a chain transfer agent, the characteristic auxiliary coating comprises a cold-resistant toughness coating, an elastic coating and a wear-resistant coating, the cold-resistant toughness coating is a polyimide toughness film, the elastic coating is an elastic coating, the wear-resistant coating is a wear-resistant coating, and the raw materials are processed to obtain a finished product. According to the preparation method of the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material, the fluororubber is used as a main body, the polyurethane emulsion which is self-emulsified by adopting an acetone method and the modified fluororubber are polymerized with each other to form the modified fluororubber, so that the whole polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material has better corrosion resistance, can adapt to high-temperature and low-temperature environments, improves the cold and heat resistance of the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material to the utmost, and greatly improves the working applicability of the whole polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane insulating materials, in particular to a preparation method of a polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material.
Background
The polyurethane is a high molecular compound, can be used as a preparation material for preparing materials for producing electronic and electrical products or equipment, and has a thermoplastic linear structure as a whole.
The existing polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material is mostly a traditional insulating material prepared by polyurethane as a main body, and does not have better applicability in the application work of electronic and electric products or equipment, is difficult to adapt to high-temperature and low-temperature environments, and has a certain degree of limitation on the whole working range, and the whole toughness is general, the use condition of fracture is easy to appear in long-term use, and does not have better elasticity, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, the whole service life is correspondingly limited by a certain degree, and meanwhile, the whole flame retardant property in normal use is poor, so that the whole use safety is poor, the work accident is easy to appear in the application work of the electronic and electric products or equipment, and a larger use risk exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material, which aims to solve the problems of short overall service life, poor flame retardance, easy initiation of use accidents and high overall use risk due to poor applicability, common elasticity, wear resistance and corrosion resistance in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material comprises the following raw materials of polymerized fluororubber, polyurethane emulsion and a characteristic auxiliary coating, wherein the polymerized fluororubber comprises fluorine-containing monomer molecules, water, an auxiliary agent, a dispersing agent, a neutralization buffering agent, an initiator and a chain transfer agent, the polyurethane emulsion comprises polyether or polyester dihydric alcohol, isocyanate, acetone, N-methyl glycol and an ionizing reagent, the characteristic auxiliary coating comprises a cold-resistant tough coating, an elastic coating and a wear-resistant coating, the cold-resistant tough coating is a polyimide tough film, the elastic coating is an elastic coating, the wear-resistant coating is a wear-resistant coating, and the raw materials are processed by the following steps to obtain a finished product:
the method comprises the following steps: an elastic polymer is formed by fluorine-containing monomer molecules, an aerosol emulsion polymerization mode is adopted, water is used as a medium, a carrying polymerization reaction and a carrying polymer are uniformly contained in the elastic polymer, low-concentration ammonium perfluorooctanoate is used as a dispersing agent to form a polymer emulsion, the polymerization reaction is carried out in a liquid phase, acid generated by the neutralization reaction is used as a neutralization buffering agent, the colloid stability, the reaction speed stability and the latex concentration stability are maintained, the pH is controlled to be 5-6, then (NH) S20 is used as an initiator, an active group is decomposed to initiate the polymerization reaction, the decomposition speed is higher than 85 ℃, the decomposition speed is lower than 90 ℃, the decomposition speed is 0.5h for 30%, the decomposition speed is 50% in 1h, the decomposition speed is 75% in 2h, and the decomposition speed is 90% in 3 h; (NH) S20 decomposes at a temperature of above 40 ℃, decomposes at a temperature of 85 ℃ rapidly, and finally takes diethyl malonate as a chain transfer agent to reduce the molecular weight of the copolymer, so as to reduce the Mooney viscosity, and has the more important function of generating a nonionic end group at the end of a molecular chain, so that the vulcanization performance is excellent, the processing fluidity is good, alloy corrosion cannot be caused, and the polymerized fluororubber is prepared by emulsion polymerization;
step two: a stable PU emulsion is prepared by a self-emulsifying method, polyether or polyester diol and isocyanate are prepared into a prepolymer, a proper amount of acetone is added to reduce the viscosity, then N-methyldiethanolamine is used for chain extension, acetone is added to reduce the viscosity, and then an ionizing reagent is added to stir and ionize. Dispersing ionized PU into a medium containing 80% of acetone and 20% of water, and finally evaporating the acetone to obtain water emulsion type polyurethane with the particle size of 0.03-100 mu m;
step three: preparing a polyimide flexible film, synthesizing polyamic acid, dissolving diaminodiphenyl ether in a solvent dimethylacetamide under the protection of nitrogen, adding small amount of dry pyromellitic dianhydride under stirring, adding pyromellitic dianhydride, filtering the obtained polyamic acid under the protection of dry nitrogen, defoaming, preparing, casting, preparing polyamic acid solution, preparing photosensitive film base, casting the mixture to a stainless steel circulating endless belt running below the stainless steel circulating endless belt through a gap of a casting nozzle, drying and forming the mixture into a gel-like film with self-supporting property, performing heat treatment, rolling to obtain a primary finished product of the polyimide tough film, stretching, the polyimide film prepared by the tape casting method has poor performance, the performance of the stretched film can be greatly improved, and then a high-performance polyimide tough film finished product is obtained through cooling, edge cutting and rolling;
step four: adding the prepared polymerized fluororubber and polyurethane emulsion into a polymerization kettle, heating for a second polymerization reaction, adding an adaptive solvent to fuse the polymerized fluororubber and the polyurethane emulsion, adding mixed acetone with a proper proportion to reduce viscosity, evaporating the acetone, and adding a proper amount of curing agent to obtain polyurethane fluororubber;
step five: cooling and molding the prepared polyurethane fluororubber, then performing covering operation of an auxiliary coating, respectively and uniformly coating an elastic coating and a wear-resistant coating on the outer surface of the polyurethane fluororubber, covering the prepared polyimide tough film on the outermost part of the polyurethane fluororubber, and performing heating plasticity on the whole body as required after the whole body is fused and molded to obtain the polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material;
preferably, the preparation of the polyurethane emulsion adopts an acetone method to prepare a high-viscosity prepolymer containing NCO end groups, then acetone is added to reduce the viscosity, then hydrophilic monomers are used for chain extension, water is added under high-speed stirring, the prepolymer is dispersed in the water through strong shearing action, and the PU water dispersion system can be prepared by vacuum distillation and solvent recovery after emulsification.
Preferably, diethyl malonate is used as a chain transfer agent in the polymerization reaction of the polymerized fluororubber, the diethyl malonate is a molecular weight regulator, and the diethyl malonate can eliminate free radicals of monomers in the reaction, so that the polymerization speed is reduced, the molecular weight is reduced, and the reaction speed is reduced.
Preferably, isopentane as a chain transfer agent in the polymerization reaction of the polymerized fluororubber is used for transferring an active center rather than eliminating a free radical, and the influence on the polymerization speed is small, but the chain transfer constant is particularly large, so that the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the polymer can be changed drastically.
Preferably, the method for preparing the water-based PU by adopting the acetone method in the polyurethane emulsion has the advantages of easy control of reaction, good repeatability, easy control of emulsion particle size and high emulsion quality.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material adopts the fluororubber as the main body, adopts the acetone method to perform self-emulsification, and adopts the mutual polymerization to form the modified fluororubber, so that the whole body has better corrosion resistance, can adapt to high-temperature and low-temperature environments, improves the cold resistance and heat resistance of the whole body to the utmost extent, greatly improves the working applicability of the whole body, obviously improves the self structure toughness and cold resistance of the obtained finished product by externally covering the prepared polyimide toughness film, simultaneously respectively and uniformly coats the whole body with the coating adopted by the elastic coating and the wear-resistant coating, greatly enhances the plasticity of the whole body on the basis of not changing the whole basic performance of the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material, can perform shaping according to the working production requirements of electronic and electrical products, and can be used as a lead material of electronic and electrical products or equipment, has better elasticity and wear resistance and correspondingly better flame retardant property, thereby fundamentally improving the overall use safety of electronic and electrical products or equipment in use.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The preparation method of the polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an elastic polymer is formed by fluorine-containing monomer molecules, an aerosol emulsion polymerization mode is adopted, water is used as a medium, a carrying polymerization reaction and a carrying polymer are uniformly contained in the elastic polymer, low-concentration ammonium perfluorooctanoate is used as a dispersing agent to form a polymer emulsion, the polymerization reaction is carried out in a liquid phase, acid generated by the neutralization reaction is used as a neutralization buffering agent, the colloid stability, the reaction speed stability and the latex concentration stability are maintained, the pH is controlled to be 5-6, then (NH) S20 is used as an initiator, an active group is decomposed to initiate the polymerization reaction, the decomposition speed is higher than 85 ℃, the decomposition speed is lower than 90 ℃, the decomposition speed is 0.5h for 30%, the decomposition speed is 50% in 1h, the decomposition speed is 75% in 2h, and the decomposition speed is 90% in 3 h; (NH) S20 decomposes at a temperature of above 40 ℃, decomposes at a temperature of 85 ℃ rapidly, and finally takes diethyl malonate as a chain transfer agent to reduce the molecular weight of the copolymer, so as to reduce the Mooney viscosity, and has the more important function of generating a nonionic end group at the end of a molecular chain, so that the vulcanization performance is excellent, the processing fluidity is good, alloy corrosion cannot be caused, and the polymerized fluororubber is prepared by emulsion polymerization;
step two: a stable PU emulsion is prepared by a self-emulsifying method, polyether or polyester diol and isocyanate are prepared into a prepolymer, a proper amount of acetone is added to reduce the viscosity, then N-methyldiethanolamine is used for chain extension, acetone is added to reduce the viscosity, and then an ionizing reagent is added to stir and ionize. Dispersing ionized PU into a medium containing 80% of acetone and 20% of water, and finally evaporating the acetone to obtain water emulsion type polyurethane with the particle size of 0.03-100 mu m;
step three: preparing a polyimide flexible film, synthesizing polyamic acid, dissolving diaminodiphenyl ether in a solvent dimethylacetamide under the protection of nitrogen, adding small amount of dry pyromellitic dianhydride while stirring, adding pyromellitic dianhydride, filtering the prepared polyamic acid under the protection of dry nitrogen, defoaming, preparing, casting, preparing polyamic acid solution, preparing photosensitive film base, casting the polyimide film onto a circulating endless stainless steel belt running below the belt through the gap of a casting nozzle, drying and forming the polyimide film into a self-supporting gel film, performing heat treatment, rolling to obtain a primary finished polyimide film, stretching, the polyimide film prepared by the tape casting method has poor performance, the performance of the stretched film can be greatly improved, and then a high-performance polyimide tough film finished product is obtained through cooling, edge cutting and rolling;
step four: adding the prepared polymerized fluororubber and polyurethane emulsion into a polymerization kettle, heating for a second polymerization reaction, adding an adaptive solvent to fuse the polymerized fluororubber and the polyurethane emulsion, adding mixed acetone with a proper proportion to reduce viscosity, evaporating the acetone, and adding a proper amount of curing agent to obtain polyurethane fluororubber;
step five: cooling and molding the prepared polyurethane fluororubber, then performing covering operation of an auxiliary coating, respectively and uniformly coating an elastic coating and a wear-resistant coating on the outer surface of the polyurethane fluororubber, covering the outermost part of the polyurethane fluororubber with the prepared polyimide tough film, and performing heating plasticity on the whole body as required after the whole body is fused and molded to obtain the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material;
the preparation method of the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material obtained by the embodiment I is adopted, and the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material prepared by the method has better insulating property, stronger plasticity, certain elasticity and high wear resistance, and stronger integral corrosion resistance;
example two
The preparation method of the polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an elastic polymer is formed by fluorine-containing monomer molecules, an aerosol emulsion polymerization mode is adopted, water is used as a medium, a carrying polymerization reaction and a carrying polymer are uniformly contained in the elastic polymer, low-concentration ammonium perfluorooctanoate is used as a dispersing agent to form a polymer emulsion, the polymerization reaction is carried out in a liquid phase, acid generated by the neutralization reaction is used as a neutralization buffering agent, the colloid stability, the reaction speed stability and the latex concentration stability are maintained, the pH is controlled to be 5-6, then (NH) S20 is used as an initiator, an active group is decomposed to initiate the polymerization reaction, the decomposition speed is higher than 85 ℃, the decomposition speed is lower than 90 ℃, the decomposition speed is 0.5h for 30%, the decomposition speed is 50% in 1h, the decomposition speed is 75% in 2h, and the decomposition speed is 90% in 3 h; (NH) S20 decomposes at a temperature of above 40 ℃, decomposes at a temperature of 85 ℃ rapidly, and finally takes diethyl malonate as a chain transfer agent to reduce the molecular weight of the copolymer, so as to reduce the Mooney viscosity, and has the more important function of generating a nonionic end group at the end of a molecular chain, so that the vulcanization performance is excellent, the processing fluidity is good, alloy corrosion cannot be caused, and the polymerized fluororubber is prepared by emulsion polymerization;
step two: a stable PU emulsion is prepared by a self-emulsifying method, polyether or polyester diol and isocyanate are prepared into a prepolymer, a proper amount of acetone is added to reduce the viscosity, then N-methyldiethanolamine is used for chain extension, acetone is added to reduce the viscosity, and then an ionizing reagent is added to stir and ionize. Dispersing ionized PU into a medium containing 60% of acetone and 40% of water, and finally evaporating the acetone to obtain water emulsion type polyurethane;
step three: preparing polyimide tough film, synthesizing polyamic acid, dissolving diaminodiphenyl ether in dimethyl acetamide as solvent under the protection of nitrogen, adding small amount of dry pyromellitic dianhydride while stirring, adding pyromellitic dianhydride, filtering the prepared polyamic acid under the protection of dry nitrogen, defoaming, preparing, casting, preparing polyamic acid solution, preparing photosensitive film base, casting the mixture to a stainless steel circulating endless belt running below the stainless steel circulating endless belt through a gap of a casting nozzle, drying and forming the mixture into a gel-like film with self-supporting property, performing heat treatment, rolling to obtain a primary finished product of the polyimide tough film, stretching, the polyimide film prepared by the tape casting method has poor performance, the performance of the stretched film can be greatly improved, and then a high-performance polyimide tough film finished product is obtained through cooling, edge cutting and rolling;
step four: adding the prepared polymerized fluororubber and polyurethane emulsion into a polymerization kettle, heating for a second polymerization reaction, adding an adaptive solvent to fuse the polymerized fluororubber and the polyurethane emulsion, adding mixed acetone with a proper proportion to reduce viscosity, evaporating the acetone, and adding a proper amount of curing agent to obtain polyurethane fluororubber;
step five: cooling and molding the prepared polyurethane fluororubber, then performing covering operation of an auxiliary coating, respectively and uniformly coating an elastic coating and a wear-resistant coating on the outer surface of the polyurethane fluororubber, covering the outermost part of the polyurethane fluororubber with the prepared polyimide tough film, and performing heating plasticity on the whole body as required after the whole body is fused and molded to obtain the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material;
according to the second embodiment, a preparation method of the polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material can not be obtained;
EXAMPLE III
The preparation method of the polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an elastic polymer is formed by fluorine-containing monomer molecules, an aerosol emulsion polymerization mode is adopted, water is used as a medium, a carrying polymerization reaction and a carrying polymer are uniformly contained in the elastic polymer, low-concentration ammonium perfluorooctanoate is used as a dispersing agent to form a polymer emulsion, the polymerization reaction is carried out in a liquid phase, acid generated by the neutralization reaction is used as a neutralization buffering agent, the colloid stability, the reaction speed stability and the latex concentration stability are maintained, the pH is controlled to be 5-6, then (NH) S20 is used as an initiator, an active group is decomposed to initiate the polymerization reaction, the decomposition speed is higher than 85 ℃, the decomposition speed is lower than 90 ℃, the decomposition speed is 0.5h for 30%, the decomposition speed is 50% in 1h, the decomposition speed is 75% in 2h, and the decomposition speed is 90% in 3 h; (NH) S20 decomposes at a temperature of above 40 ℃, decomposes at a temperature of 85 ℃ rapidly, and finally takes diethyl malonate as a chain transfer agent to reduce the molecular weight of the copolymer, so as to reduce the Mooney viscosity, and has the more important function of generating a nonionic end group at the end of a molecular chain, so that the vulcanization performance is excellent, the processing fluidity is good, alloy corrosion cannot be caused, and the polymerized fluororubber is prepared by emulsion polymerization;
step two: a self-emulsifying process for preparing stable PU emulsion includes such steps as preparing prepolymer from polyether or polyester diol and isocyanate, adding acetone to decrease viscosity, chain extension by N-methyldiethanolamine, adding acetone to decrease viscosity, adding ionizing reagent, stirring and ionizing. Dispersing ionized PU into a medium containing 20% of acetone and 80% of water, and finally evaporating the acetone to obtain water emulsion type polyurethane;
step three: preparing polyimide tough film, synthesizing polyamic acid, dissolving diaminodiphenyl ether in dimethyl acetamide as solvent under the protection of nitrogen, adding small amount of dry pyromellitic dianhydride while stirring, adding pyromellitic dianhydride, filtering the prepared polyamic acid under the protection of dry nitrogen, defoaming, preparing, casting, preparing polyamic acid solution, preparing photosensitive film base, casting the mixture to a stainless steel circulating endless belt running below the stainless steel circulating endless belt through a gap of a casting nozzle, drying and forming the mixture into a gel-like film with self-supporting property, performing heat treatment, rolling to obtain a primary finished product of the polyimide tough film, stretching, the polyimide film prepared by the tape casting method has poor performance, the performance of the stretched film can be greatly improved, and then a high-performance polyimide tough film finished product is obtained through cooling, edge cutting and rolling;
step four: adding the prepared polymerized fluororubber and polyurethane emulsion into a polymerization kettle, heating for a second polymerization reaction, adding an adaptive solvent to fuse the polymerized fluororubber and the polyurethane emulsion, adding mixed acetone with a proper proportion to reduce viscosity, evaporating the acetone, and adding a proper amount of curing agent to obtain polyurethane fluororubber;
step five: cooling and molding the prepared polyurethane fluororubber, then performing covering operation of an auxiliary coating, respectively and uniformly coating an elastic coating and a wear-resistant coating on the outer surface of the polyurethane fluororubber, covering the outermost part of the polyurethane fluororubber with the prepared polyimide tough film, and performing heating plasticity on the whole body as required after the whole body is fused and molded to obtain the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material;
according to the third embodiment, a preparation method of the polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material can not be obtained;
preferably, the preparation of the polyurethane emulsion adopts an acetone method to prepare a high-viscosity prepolymer containing NCO end groups, then acetone is added to reduce the viscosity, then hydrophilic monomers are used for chain extension, water is added under high-speed stirring, the prepolymer is dispersed in the water through strong shearing action, and after emulsification, the prepolymer is decompressed and distilled to recover the solvent, thus obtaining the PU water dispersion system;
preferably, diethyl malonate is used as a chain transfer agent in the polymerization reaction of the polymerized fluororubber, the diethyl malonate is a molecular weight regulator, and the diethyl malonate can eliminate free radicals of monomers in the reaction, so that the polymerization speed is reduced, the molecular weight is reduced, the reaction speed is reduced, the prepared polymerized fluororubber can perform stable repolymerization reaction with polyurethane emulsion more quickly, and the overall preparation speed can be greatly improved;
preferably, isopentane as a chain transfer agent in the polymerization reaction for polymerizing the fluororubber is used for transferring an active center rather than eliminating a free radical, so that the influence on the polymerization speed is small, but the chain transfer constant is particularly large, so that the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the polymer can be changed violently, and the influence of other reagents on the overall reaction is reduced;
preferably, the method for preparing the water-based PU by adopting the acetone method in the polyurethane emulsion has the advantages of easily controlled reaction, good repeatability, easily controlled emulsion particle size and high emulsion quality, optimizes the preparation process of the electronic and electric insulating material to the greatest extent, can ensure that the whole is more convenient to control, and does not increase the risk of the whole preparation.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make simple modifications or equivalent substitutions on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a polyurethane electronic electric insulating material comprises the following raw materials of polymerized fluororubber, polyurethane emulsion and a characteristic auxiliary coating, and is characterized in that: the polymerized fluororubber comprises fluorine-containing monomer molecules, water, a dispersing agent, a neutralization buffering agent, an initiator and a chain transfer agent, the polyurethane emulsion comprises polyether or polyester diol, isocyanate, acetone, N-methyldiethanolamine and an ionizing agent, the characteristic auxiliary coating comprises a cold-resistant tough coating, an elastic coating and a wear-resistant coating, the cold-resistant tough coating adopts a polyimide tough film, the elastic coating adopts an elastic coating, the wear-resistant coating adopts a wear-resistant coating, and the raw materials are processed by the following steps to obtain a finished product:
the method comprises the following steps: an elastic polymer is formed by fluorine-containing monomer molecules, an aerosol emulsion polymerization mode is adopted, water is used as a medium, a carrying polymerization reaction and a carrying polymer are uniformly contained in the elastic polymer, low-concentration ammonium perfluorooctanoate is used as a dispersing agent to form a polymer emulsion, the polymerization reaction is carried out in a liquid phase, acid generated by the neutralization reaction is used as a neutralization buffering agent, the colloid stability, the reaction speed stability and the latex concentration stability are maintained, the pH is controlled to be 5-6, then (NH) S20 is used as an initiator, an active group is decomposed to initiate the polymerization reaction, the decomposition speed is higher than 85 ℃, the decomposition speed is lower than 90 ℃, the decomposition speed is 0.5h for 30%, the decomposition speed is 50% in 1h, the decomposition speed is 75% in 2h, and the decomposition speed is 90% in 3 h; finally, diethyl malonate is used as a chain transfer agent to reduce the molecular weight of the copolymer, so that the Mooney viscosity is reduced, and the important function is to generate a nonionic end group at the end of a molecular chain, so that the vulcanization performance is excellent, the processing fluidity is good, alloy corrosion cannot be caused, and the polymerized fluororubber is prepared by emulsion polymerization;
step two: preparing stable polyurethane emulsion by adopting a self-emulsifying method, firstly preparing a prepolymer from polyether or polyester diol and isocyanate, adding a proper amount of acetone to reduce the viscosity, then using N-methyldiethanolamine to chain extend, adding acetone to reduce the viscosity, then adding an ionizing reagent, and stirring and ionizing; dispersing ionized polyurethane into a medium containing 80% of acetone and 20% of water, and finally evaporating the acetone to obtain polyurethane emulsion with the particle size of 0.03-100 mu m;
step three: preparing a polyimide tough film, synthesizing polyamic acid, dissolving diaminodiphenyl ether in a solvent dimethylacetamide under the protection of nitrogen, adding a small amount of dry pyromellitic dianhydride in batches under stirring, filtering the prepared polyamic acid under the protection of dry nitrogen, defoaming, reserving for later use, casting the polyamic acid solution on a stainless steel circulating endless belt running below the polyamic acid solution by adopting a method similar to the manufacturing of a photosensitive film sheet through a gap of a casting nozzle, drying and forming into a gel-like film with self-support property, carrying out heat treatment and then rolling to obtain a preliminary finished product of the polyimide tough film, stretching, obtaining a polyimide tough film with poor performance by a casting method, greatly improving the performance of the stretched film, and then cooling, cutting edges and rolling to obtain a high-performance polyimide tough film finished product;
step four: adding the prepared polymerized fluororubber and polyurethane emulsion into a polymerization kettle, heating for a second polymerization reaction, adding an adaptive solvent to fuse the polymerized fluororubber and the polyurethane emulsion, adding mixed acetone with a proper proportion to reduce viscosity, evaporating the acetone, and adding a proper amount of curing agent to obtain polyurethane fluororubber;
step five: and cooling and molding the prepared polyurethane fluororubber, then performing covering operation of an auxiliary coating, respectively and uniformly coating an elastic coating and a wear-resistant coating on the outer surface of the polyurethane fluororubber, covering the outermost part of the polyurethane fluororubber with the prepared polyimide tough film, and heating and molding the whole body as required after the whole body is fused and molded to obtain the polyurethane electronic electrical insulating material.
2. The method for preparing a polyurethane electronic and electrical insulating material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the polyurethane emulsion comprises the steps of firstly preparing a high-viscosity prepolymer containing NCO end groups by an acetone method, then adding acetone to reduce viscosity, then carrying out chain extension by using hydrophilic monomers, adding water under high-speed stirring, dispersing the hydrophilic monomers in the water under the action of strong shearing, emulsifying, and then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to recover a solvent to obtain the polyurethane emulsion.
3. The method for preparing the polyurethane electronic and electric insulating material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for preparing the waterborne polyurethane by adopting the acetone method in the polyurethane emulsion has the advantages of easy control of reaction, good repeatability, easy control of emulsion particle size and high emulsion quality.
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