CN112658802B - Adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball and spindle unit performance evaluation device applied by same - Google Patents
Adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball and spindle unit performance evaluation device applied by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN112658802B CN112658802B CN202011481177.XA CN202011481177A CN112658802B CN 112658802 B CN112658802 B CN 112658802B CN 202011481177 A CN202011481177 A CN 202011481177A CN 112658802 B CN112658802 B CN 112658802B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball and a main shaft unit performance evaluation device applied by the same, wherein the adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball comprises a ball head body and a connecting seat, one end of the ball head body is a ball head, and the other end of the ball head body is provided with a positioning cylindrical surface; one end of the connecting seat is a cylinder, a blind hole is arranged in the connecting seat and is movably connected with the ball head body, and the other end of the connecting seat is a flange part which is provided with a circle of counter bores and is fixedly connected with the end face of the main shaft. In the performance evaluation device of the main shaft unit, a loading disc is further arranged on the main shaft unit, a loading head, a force sensor and a hydraulic cylinder connected with an oil tank are sequentially arranged in the upper side and the horizontal outer side of the loading disc in two directions, respective displacement sensors are arranged in the lower side of the loading disc, the other side opposite to the loading head and the outer side of a ball head body, sensor signals are connected into a monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform through a data card after passing through a transmitter, and the software platform continuously adjusts the pressure output of a servo valve on the oil tank to obtain the performances of the main shaft unit such as rigidity, axial movement, rotation precision and the like under different loads.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an instrument and a device for evaluating machine tool performance, in particular to an instrument and a device for evaluating machine tool functional component performance.
Background
With the rapid advancement of numerical control machines and the strong growth of high-end numerical control machine markets, the precision requirements of the numerical control machines are not limited to static geometric precision, and the motion precision, the thermal deformation and the detection and compensation of vibration of the numerical control machines are more and more emphasized. In order to improve the reliability of various aspects of the numerically controlled machine tool, the application of functional parts having high precision retentivity and high reliability has become inevitable. Aiming at the reliability of functional parts of a machine tool, the Chinese mechanical industry Association proposes a national standard GB/T23568 evaluation on the reliability of the functional parts of the machine tool, and the standard is sequentially divided into ten parts including a general rule, a ball screw pair, a rolling linear guide rail pair, a mechanical main shaft unit, an electric main shaft, a tool magazine, an automatic tool exchange device, a numerical control turret, a numerical control rotary table, a chip removal device and a protection device. The spindle unit related to the fourth part and the fifth part is an extremely important machine tool functional component, and performance indexes such as rigidity, radial runout, axial play, rotation precision and the like of the spindle unit are mainly concerned when the spindle unit is used, and the performance indexes can have decisive influence on the machining precision and the surface quality of a machine tool and are also important indexes for reliability assessment of the machine tool functional component.
For the reliability of machine tool features, GB/T23568.1-2009 "reliability of machine tool features assessment section 1: the general rules specify general requirements for fault criteria, sampling principles, test methods, data processing, and result evaluation for machine tool functional components for reliability evaluation, but the aforementioned national standards for reliability evaluation around spindle units have not yet been proposed. In order to evaluate the reliability of the spindle unit, it is urgently needed to develop a corresponding instrument and a performance evaluation device, collect index data reflecting the dynamic performance of the spindle unit, particularly the rigidity and precision of the spindle unit, under the working condition that the spindle unit continuously operates and bears the load, and comprehensively improve the operation reliability performance of the spindle unit by monitoring and analyzing the evolution law of the performance of the spindle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball and a spindle unit performance evaluation device applied by the same.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a main shaft unit performance evaluation device comprises a test platform, a main shaft unit, a loading head, a force sensor and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is connected with an oil tank through a servo valve, the outer cylindrical surface and the end surface of the main shaft end of the main shaft unit are respectively provided with a loading disc and an adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball, and the upper side and one horizontal outer side of the loading disc are respectively provided with a force loading mechanical body part consisting of the loading head, the force sensor and the hydraulic cylinder; the body part of the force loading machine on the upper side of the loading disc is fixedly connected with the side surface of a large upright post on the test platform through a transition bracket; the body part of the force loading machine on the horizontal outer side of the loading disc is fixedly connected with the side surface of a small upright on the test platform; displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the lower side of the loading disc and the horizontal outer side of the other side of the loading disc opposite to the loading head; the eccentric measurement reference ball is characterized in that displacement sensors are respectively arranged in three orthogonal coordinate axis directions outside a ball head center of the eccentric measurement reference ball, the force sensors and the displacement sensors send detection signals into a monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform through a transmitter and a data acquisition card, the monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform is connected with a servo valve through a control line, the output oil pressure of the servo valve is controlled, and the loading force of the loading head on a loading disc is adjusted, so that performance data of rigidity, axial movement and rotation precision of a main shaft unit under different working conditions, which are required by performance evaluation of the main shaft unit, are acquired.
Further, the loading head comprises a supporting frame, a loading main shaft, a sleeve, a connecting plate, a connecting block, a bearing cover, a screw shaft, a rolling bearing, an arc-shaped connecting plate, a nut, a guide sleeve, a guide shaft, a bearing spacer bush, a spacer ring and a rolling bearing, wherein three through holes are formed in one side of the supporting frame, the guide sleeve, the sleeve and the guide sleeve are sequentially installed and fixed, the sleeve in the middle is connected with the cylindrical surface of the loading main shaft in a sliding mode, the guide shaft is connected in guide sleeve holes in two sides in a sliding mode, the guide shaft is provided with a flange part and is fixedly connected with the connecting plate through screws; one end of the loading main shaft is provided with a flange part, one end of the connecting block is provided with a flange part, and the loading main shaft, the connecting plate and the connecting block are fixedly connected in sequence through screws; the arc-shaped connecting plate is provided with three through holes, and the through holes on the two sides are offset towards one side relative to the middle through hole; one end of the screw shaft is provided with threads, the other end of the screw shaft is provided with a flange part, the outer side of the screw shaft is locked by a nut after passing through a middle through hole of the two arc-shaped connecting plates, the middle section of the screw shaft is movably supported in an installation hole for installing a rolling bearing arranged at the other end of the connecting block through the rolling bearing, two sides of the connecting block are fixedly connected with bearing covers, and the rolling bearing is limited by the bearing covers; along the through-hole central direction of arc connecting plate both sides, the center is equipped with the screw axle, connects gradually arc connecting plate, bearing spacer, antifriction bearing, space ring, antifriction bearing, bearing spacer, arc connecting plate, nut.
Furthermore, one end of the loading main shaft, which is provided with a cylindrical surface, is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder sequentially through the connecting sleeve B, the round connecting plate B, the force sensor, the round connecting plate A and the connecting sleeve A.
Further, the guide sleeve and the sleeve are made of wear-resistant materials.
Furthermore, locating rings are arranged on two sides of the force sensor, and the centers of the locating rings are located in blind holes of the circular connecting plate A and the circular connecting plate B.
Furthermore, the large upright post and the small upright post are provided with paired screw mounting holes with a distance H along the height direction, and the distance H is larger than the stroke of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder in the support frame.
Further, the displacement sensor is a non-contact displacement sensor.
A method for evaluating the performance of a main shaft unit adopts a main shaft unit performance evaluating device and comprises the following steps:
firstly, fixing a main shaft unit on a test platform, and sequentially mounting a loading disc and an adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball on a main shaft of the main shaft unit;
secondly, adjusting the positions of a small upright post and a large upright post which are connected with a loading head, a force sensor and a hydraulic cylinder according to the height of the center of the loading disc, so that rolling bearings of the loading heads on the upper side and the horizontal outer side of the loading disc can be in rolling contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the loading disc along the horizontal and vertical central line directions of the loading disc in the stroke of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder;
thirdly, placing an oil tank according to the site; displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the lower side of the outer cylindrical surface of the loading disc, the other side of the loading disc relative to the horizontal direction of the loading head and three orthogonal coordinate axis directions of the space opposite to the sphere center of the adjustable eccentric measurement reference sphere head, and the five displacement sensors are connected with respective transmitters, then are connected with a data acquisition card and then are connected with a monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform; simultaneously connecting a monitoring and analyzing software platform and a control line of the servo valve;
fourthly, electrifying, starting the main shaft to rotate at a low speed, and adjusting two opposite 180-degree set screws in the adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball in pairs to enable signals sensed by two radial displacement sensors facing the ball head center of the adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball to meet the requirement of rotation precision measurement; adjusting the other three displacement sensors to sense displacement signals;
and fifthly, adjusting the output pressure of the servo valve through a monitoring and analyzing and evaluating software platform according to working conditions under different rotating speeds of the main shaft, synchronously acquiring signals of a force sensor and a displacement sensor, acquiring the performance indexes of the rigidity, the axial movement and the rotation precision of the main shaft unit by using the monitoring and analyzing and evaluating software platform, and evaluating the performance of the main shaft unit.
The invention further discloses an adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball which is arranged on a main shaft of the main shaft unit performance evaluation device and comprises a connecting seat and a ball head body, wherein one end of the connecting seat is a flange part, a circle of counter bores are arranged along the circumference of the flange and are connected with the end surface of the main shaft through screws; the other end of the connecting seat is cylindrical, and a blind hole is formed in the connecting seat. One end of the ball head body is a ball head for measurement, the middle part is a shaft shoulder, and the rightmost side of the other end is provided with a positioning cylindrical surface; the ball head body is movably connected with the blind hole of the connecting seat by means of the side surface of the shaft shoulder and the positioning cylindrical surface of the shaft shoulder.
Further, a long cylindrical surface is arranged between a shaft shoulder at the right end of the ball head body and the positioning cylindrical surface, and an arc-shaped groove is formed in the long cylindrical surface; 4 threaded holes are uniformly formed in the positions, corresponding to the arc-shaped grooves, of the connecting seat along the circumference at the angle of 360 degrees, and a fastening screw is arranged in each threaded hole; the head of the holding screw can be provided with a steel ball, after the side face of the shaft shoulder of the ball head body is tightly attached to the connecting seat, 4 holding screws in 4 threaded holes of the connecting seat are directly or in contact connection with the arc-shaped groove through the steel ball.
Furthermore, the diameter of the long cylindrical surface of the ball head body is 0.05-0.2 mm smaller than that of the positioning cylindrical surface.
Further, a thin neck part is arranged on the long cylindrical surface of the ball head body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the eccentricity of the ball head body relative to the connecting seat can be adjusted through the four symmetrical set screws in the adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball, so that the measurement precision of the rotation precision is improved. The loading disc and the adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball are arranged on the main shaft unit, the loading head of the mechanical body part is loaded through force, the rigidity, the axial movement, the rotation precision and other properties of the main shaft unit are obtained by the force sensor and the displacement sensor at the same time, the performance of the main shaft unit can be evaluated independently, and the trouble of evaluating the reliability of the machine tool by adopting a performance evaluation device in the using process of the machine tool is eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the spindle unit performance evaluation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the force loading mechanism body portion of the spindle unit performance evaluation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional perspective view showing the connection relationship of the loading head, the force sensor and the hydraulic cylinder in the force loading mechanism body part of the spindle unit performance evaluation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the loading head, force sensor, hydraulic cylinder, etc. of the force loading mechanism body portion of the spindle unit performance evaluation apparatus of the present invention taken along section A-A;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a loading head of a force loading machine body part of the spindle unit performance evaluation apparatus of the present invention, taken along section B-B;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the spindle unit with loading disc, adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball and displacement sensor;
FIG. 7 is a left side view of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a main sectional view of an adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball structure in the application of the performance evaluation device of the spindle unit.
In the figure: 1-a spindle unit; 2-loading head; 3-large upright post; 4-a small upright post; 5-a transition scaffold; 6-test platform; 11-a main shaft; 12-a loading disc; 13-adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball; 14-displacement sensor a; 15-displacement sensor B; 16-displacement sensor C; 17-displacement sensor D; 18-displacement sensor E; 19-an outer cylindrical surface; 20-a hydraulic cylinder; 21-a piston rod; 22-a support frame; 23-connecting sleeve A; 24-round connection plate A; 25-a force sensor; 26-a positioning ring; 27-round connection plate B; 28 connecting sleeve B; 29-loading the spindle; 30-a sleeve; 31-a connecting plate; 32-connecting blocks; 33-a bearing cap; 34-a screw shaft; 35-rolling bearings; 36-an arc-shaped connecting plate; 37-a nut; 38-a guide sleeve; 39-a guide shaft; 40-bearing spacer bush; 41-space ring; 42-rolling bearings; 50-a connecting seat; 51-a ball head body; 52-set screw; 54-ball head; 55-shaft shoulder; 59-a threaded hole; 61-positioning cylindrical surface; 62-blind hole; 63-counter sink; 64-long cylindrical surface; 65-arc-shaped grooves; 66-steel balls; 67-thin neck.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the performance evaluation device of the spindle unit of the present invention includes an oil tank, a servo valve, a hydraulic cylinder 20, a force sensor 25, a loading head 2, a displacement sensor, a transmitter, a data acquisition card, a monitoring and analyzing evaluation software platform, a spindle unit 1, a loading disc 12, and an adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball 13. A loading disc 12 is fixedly connected to the outer cylindrical surface of the shaft end of a main shaft 11 of the main shaft unit 1, an adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball 13 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the end surface of the main shaft 11, a loading head 2, a force sensor 25 and a hydraulic cylinder 20 are respectively arranged on the upper side of the outer cylindrical surface 19 of the loading disc 12 in two directions of a horizontal outer side, and a displacement sensor D17 and a displacement sensor E18 are arranged on the lower side of the outer cylindrical surface 19 of the loading disc 12 in the horizontal outer side direction opposite to the other side of the loading head 2; and a displacement sensor A14, a displacement sensor B15 and a displacement sensor C16 are respectively arranged in three orthogonal coordinate axis directions of the space outside the sphere center of the ball head 54 facing the adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball 13. The force sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with respective transmitters and then connected with a data acquisition card, and finally connected with a monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform, and index data such as rigidity, axial movement, rotation precision and the like of the spindle unit are obtained through data processing. The monitoring and analyzing and evaluating software platform and the servo valve of the oil tank are provided with signal control lines, and the monitoring and analyzing and evaluating software platform can control the output oil pressure of the servo valve of the oil tank, so that the loading force of the loading head 2 on the loading disc 12 can be adjusted, and performance data such as rigidity, axial movement, rotation precision and the like of the spindle unit under different working conditions, which are required by the performance evaluation of the spindle unit, can be acquired.
The displacement sensor is preferably a non-contact displacement sensor.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the components including the test platform 6, the small column 4, the large column 3, the transition support 5, the two loading heads 2, etc. are the force loading mechanical body part of the spindle unit performance evaluation device, wherein the loading head 2 is composed of a support frame 22, a loading spindle 29, a sleeve 30, a connecting plate 31, a connecting block 32, a bearing cover 33, a screw shaft 34, a rolling bearing 35, an arc-shaped connecting plate 36, a nut 37, a guide sleeve 38, a guide shaft 39, a bearing spacer 40, a spacer ring 41, a rolling bearing 42, etc., one side of the support frame 22 is provided with three through holes with mutually parallel center lines, and three guide sleeves 38, sleeves 30 and guide sleeves 38 with wear resistance are fixedly mounted in sequence, one end of the loading spindle 29 is slidably connected in the middle sleeve 30, and one end of the guide shaft 39 is slidably connected in the guide sleeve 38 holes on both sides; the other end of the guide shaft 39 is provided with a flange part which is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 31 through a screw; the other end of the loading main shaft 29 is provided with a flange part, one end of the connecting block 32 is provided with a flange part, and the flange of the loading main shaft 29, the connecting plate 31 and the flange of the connecting block 32 are fixedly connected in sequence through screws; the arc-shaped connecting plate 36 is provided with three through holes with parallel center lines along the arc-shaped direction, and the through holes on two sides are deviated to one side relative to the middle through hole; a shaft shoulder is arranged at one end of the screw shaft 34, a thread is arranged at one end of the screw shaft, the screw shaft 34 penetrates through the middle through holes of the two arc-shaped connecting plates 36 from the thread side and then is locked by a nut 37 at the outer side, two rolling bearings 35 are sleeved at the middle section of the screw shaft 34 and the inner sides of the two arc-shaped connecting plates 36, a mounting hole for mounting the rolling bearing 35 is formed in the other end of the connecting block 32, the rolling bearings 35 are supported in the mounting hole of the connecting block 32, bearing covers 33 are fixedly connected to the two sides of the connecting block 32, and the rolling bearings 35 are limited by the bearing covers 33; respective screw shafts 34 are arranged along the central line direction of the two through holes on the two sides of the arc-shaped connecting plate 36, and the arc-shaped connecting plate 36, the bearing spacer 40, the rolling bearing 42, the spacer 41, the rolling bearing 42, the bearing spacer 40 and the arc-shaped connecting plate 36 are sequentially connected on the screw shafts 34 in a positioning mode through nuts 37. One end of the loading main shaft 29, which is provided with a cylindrical surface, is fixedly connected with one end of the force sensor 25 through a connecting sleeve B28 and a round connecting plate B27 sequentially and through screws, and the other end of the force sensor 25 is fixedly connected with a round connecting plate A24, the connecting sleeve A23 and the shaft end of the piston rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 sequentially. And positioning rings 26 are arranged at the centers of two sides of the force sensor 25, and the centers of the positioning rings 26 are positioned in the central blind holes of the force sensor 25, the circular connecting plate A24 and the circular connecting plate B27. The hydraulic cylinder 20 is fixedly connected with the top surface of the transition bracket 5 or the side surface of the support frame 22 through screws.
For the loading head 2 arranged on the upper side of the loading disc 12, the supporting frame 22 of the loading head 2 is fixed on the bottom surface of the transition bracket 5 through screws, and the transition bracket 5 is fixedly connected with the side surface of the large upright post 3 through screws. For the loading head 2 at the horizontal outer side of the loading disc 12, the supporting frame 22 of the loading head 2 is directly fixedly connected with the side surface of the small upright post 4 through a screw.
The large upright post 3 and the small upright post 4 are provided with paired screw mounting holes which are fixedly connected with the transition support 5 or the support frame 22 at a distance H along the height direction, and the distance H between the upper part and the lower part of each mounting hole is larger than the stroke distance of the piston rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 with the power sensor 25 and related parts adjacent to the piston rod 21 in the support frame 22.
As shown in fig. 8, an adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball 13 is composed of a connecting seat 50, a ball head body 51, a set screw 52 and the like, wherein one end of the connecting seat 50 is a flange part, a circle of counter bores 63 are arranged along the circumference of the flange, and the connecting seat can be fixedly connected with the end surface of a main shaft 11 in a main shaft unit 1 of a main shaft unit performance evaluation device through screws; the other end of the connecting socket 50 is cylindrical and has a concentric blind hole 62 therein. One end of the ball head body 51 is provided with a ball head 54 for measurement, the middle of the ball head body is provided with a shaft shoulder 55, the other end of the ball head body is sequentially provided with a long cylindrical surface 64, a thin neck part 67 and a positioning cylindrical surface 61, and an arc-shaped groove 65 is arranged in the long cylindrical surface 64 on the left side. In a position opposite to the arc-shaped groove 65, the connecting seat 50 is provided with 4 threaded holes 59 which are uniformly distributed along a 360-degree angle of the circumference, and each threaded hole 59 is internally provided with a respective fastening screw 52; the diameter of the long cylindrical surface 64 is 0.05-0.2 mm smaller than that of the positioning cylindrical surface 61. The head of the set screw 52 can be provided with a steel ball 66, after the ball head body 51 forms a movable connection with the blind hole 62 of the connecting seat 50 through the side surface of the shaft shoulder 55 and the positioning cylindrical surface 61, 4 set screws 52 are screwed into the 4 threaded holes 59 of the connecting seat 50 and are directly or symmetrically pressed on the concave surface of the arc-shaped groove 65 in groups through the steel balls 66, so that the ball head body 51 is prevented from being separated outwards from the connecting seat 50.
The working process of the main shaft unit performance evaluation device of the invention is explained as follows:
firstly, the main shaft unit 1 is fixed on the test platform 6, and the loading discs 12 are sequentially arranged
And an adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball 13.
And secondly, adjusting the positions of the small upright post 4 and the large upright post 3 connected with the loading head 2, the force sensor 25, the hydraulic cylinder 20 and other parts according to the height of the center of the loading disc 12, so that the four rolling bearings 42 of the loading head 2 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be in rolling contact with the outer cylindrical surface 19 of the loading disc 12 along the horizontal central line direction and the vertical central line direction of the loading disc 12 in the stroke of the piston rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20.
Thirdly, placing an oil tank according to the site; a displacement sensor A14, a displacement sensor B15, a displacement sensor C16, a displacement sensor D17 and a displacement sensor E18 are arranged on the lower side of the outer cylindrical surface 19 of the loading disc 12, on the other horizontal outer side opposite to the loading head 2 and in the directions of three spatial orthogonal coordinate axes which are opposite to the spherical center of the ball head 54 of the adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball 13, and each force sensor and each displacement sensor are connected with a monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform after being connected with a transmitter and a data acquisition card respectively, and are also connected with a control line between the monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform and a servo valve.
And fourthly, electrifying to start the spindle to rotate at a low speed, and adjusting the two opposite 180-degree set screws 52 in the adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball 13 in pairs, so that the displacement signals sensed by the displacement sensors B15 and C16 meet the gyration accuracy measurement requirement. The distance between sensor A14 and ball 54 is then adjusted so that displacement sensor A14 senses a displacement signal that measures axial play. Finally, the displacement sensor D17 and the displacement sensor E18 on the outer side of the outer cylindrical surface 19 of the loading disc 12 are adjusted, so that the displacement sensors can sense displacement signals.
And fifthly, adjusting the output pressure of the servo valve through a monitoring and analyzing and evaluating software platform according to working conditions under different rotating speeds of the main shaft, synchronously acquiring signals of the force sensor and the displacement sensor, acquiring performance indexes such as rigidity, axial movement and rotation precision of the main shaft unit by using the monitoring and analyzing and evaluating software platform, and carrying out performance evaluation on the main shaft unit.
According to the invention, the eccentricity of the ball head body relative to the connecting seat can be adjusted through the four symmetrical set screws arranged in the adjustable eccentricity measurement reference ball, so that the measurement accuracy of the rotation accuracy is effectively ensured. The output of the hydraulic cylinder is enabled to enable the rolling bearing of the loading head to be in rolling contact with the loading disc through the loading head, and the radial loading force and deformation of the mounting position of the loading disc on the main shaft of the main shaft unit are detected through the force sensor and the displacement sensor, so that the bidirectional rigidity of the main shaft unit is obtained. The axial movement and rotation precision of the main shaft unit are obtained by arranging the adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball at the shaft end of the main shaft and detecting the displacement in three directions through the displacement sensor. The indexes of rigidity, axial movement, rotation precision and the like of the main shaft unit under different loading forces are obtained by continuously adjusting the output pressure of the oil tank servo valve, so that the performance evaluation of the main shaft unit can be carried out.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All structural equivalents made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a main shaft unit performance evaluation device, includes test platform, main shaft unit, loading head, force transducer, pneumatic cylinder, the pneumatic cylinder passes through the servo valve and connects the oil tank which characterized in that: the outer cylindrical surface and the end surface of the main shaft end of the main shaft unit are respectively provided with a loading disc and an adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball, and the upper side and one horizontal outer side of the loading disc are respectively provided with a force loading mechanical body component consisting of a loading head, a force sensor and a hydraulic cylinder; the body part of the force loading machine on the upper side of the loading disc is fixedly connected with the side face of the large upright post on the test platform through a transition bracket; the body part of the force loading machine on the horizontal outer side of the loading disc is fixedly connected with the side surface of a small upright on the test platform; displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the lower side of the loading disc and the horizontal outer side of the other side of the loading disc opposite to the loading head; the eccentric measurement reference ball is characterized in that displacement sensors are respectively arranged in three orthogonal coordinate axis directions outside a ball head center of the eccentric measurement reference ball, the force sensors and the displacement sensors send detection signals into a monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform through a transmitter and a data acquisition card, the monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform is connected with a servo valve through a control line, the output oil pressure of the servo valve is controlled, and the loading force of the loading head on a loading disc is adjusted, so that performance data of rigidity, axial movement and rotation precision of a main shaft unit under different working conditions, which are required by performance evaluation of the main shaft unit, are acquired.
2. The spindle unit performance evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein: the loading head comprises a supporting frame, a loading main shaft, a sleeve, a connecting plate, a connecting block, a bearing cover, a screw shaft, a rolling bearing, an arc-shaped connecting plate, a nut, a guide sleeve, a guide shaft, a bearing spacer bush and a spacer ring, wherein three through holes are formed in one side of the supporting frame, the guide sleeve, the sleeve and the guide sleeve with wear resistance are sequentially installed and fixed, the sleeve in the middle is connected with the cylindrical surface of the loading main shaft in a sliding manner, the guide shaft is connected with the guide sleeve holes in two sides in a sliding manner, and is provided with a flange part and fixedly connected with the connecting plate through screws; one end of the loading main shaft is provided with a flange part, one end of the connecting block is provided with a flange part, and the loading main shaft, the connecting plate and the connecting block are fixedly connected in sequence through screws; the arc-shaped connecting plate is provided with three through holes, and the through holes on the two sides are offset towards one side relative to the middle through hole; one end of the screw shaft is provided with threads, the other end of the screw shaft is provided with a flange part, the outer side of the screw shaft is locked by a nut after passing through a middle through hole of the two arc-shaped connecting plates, the middle section of the screw shaft is movably supported in an installation hole for installing a rolling bearing arranged at the other end of the connecting block through the rolling bearing, two sides of the connecting block are fixedly connected with bearing covers, and the rolling bearing is limited by the bearing covers; along the center direction of the through holes at the two sides of the arc-shaped connecting plate, a screw shaft is arranged at the center and is sequentially connected with the arc-shaped connecting plate, the bearing spacer bush, the rolling bearing, the spacer ring, the rolling bearing, the bearing spacer bush, the arc-shaped connecting plate and the nut.
3. The spindle unit performance evaluation device according to claim 2, wherein: one end of the loading main shaft, which is provided with a cylindrical surface, is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder sequentially through a connecting sleeve B, a round connecting plate B, a force sensor, a round connecting plate A and the connecting sleeve A.
4. The spindle unit performance evaluation device according to claim 3, wherein: and positioning rings are arranged on two sides of the force sensor, and the centers of the positioning rings are positioned in blind holes of the circular connecting plate A and the circular connecting plate B.
5. The spindle unit performance evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein: and paired screw mounting holes with the distance of H are formed in the large upright column and the small upright column along the height direction, and the distance H is greater than the stroke of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder in the support frame.
6. The spindle unit performance evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein: the displacement sensor is a non-contact displacement sensor.
7. A spindle unit performance evaluation method using the spindle unit performance evaluation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
firstly, fixing a main shaft unit on a test platform, and sequentially mounting a loading disc and an adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball on a main shaft of the main shaft unit;
secondly, adjusting the positions of a small upright post and a large upright post which are connected with a loading head, a force sensor and a hydraulic cylinder according to the height of the center of the loading disc, so that rolling bearings of the loading heads on the upper side and the horizontal outer side of the loading disc can be in rolling contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the loading disc along the horizontal and vertical central line directions of the loading disc in the stroke of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder;
thirdly, placing an oil tank according to the site; displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the lower side of the outer cylindrical surface of the loading disc, the other side of the loading disc relative to the horizontal direction of the loading head and three orthogonal coordinate axis directions of the space opposite to the sphere center of the adjustable eccentric measurement reference sphere head, and the five displacement sensors are connected with respective transmitters, then are connected with a data acquisition card and then are connected with a monitoring and analysis evaluation software platform; simultaneously connecting a monitoring and analyzing software platform and a control line of the servo valve;
fourthly, electrifying, starting the main shaft to rotate at a low speed, and adjusting two opposite 180-degree set screws in the adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball in pairs to enable signals sensed by two radial displacement sensors facing the ball head center of the adjustable eccentric measurement reference ball to meet the requirement of rotation precision measurement; adjusting the other three displacement sensors to sense displacement signals;
and fifthly, adjusting the output pressure of the servo valve through a monitoring and analyzing and evaluating software platform according to working conditions under different rotating speeds of the main shaft, synchronously acquiring signals of a force sensor and a displacement sensor, acquiring the performance indexes of the rigidity, the axial movement and the rotation precision of the main shaft unit by using the monitoring and analyzing and evaluating software platform, and evaluating the performance of the main shaft unit.
8. The utility model provides an adjustable eccentric measurement benchmark ball, sets up on the main shaft of main shaft unit performance evaluation device main shaft unit, including connecting seat and bulb body, its characterized in that: one end of the connecting seat is a flange part, a circle of counter bores are arranged along the circumference of the flange, and the connecting seat is fixedly connected with the end face of the main shaft through screws; the other end of the connecting seat is cylindrical and is internally provided with a blind hole; one end of the ball head body is a ball head, the middle of the ball head body is a shaft shoulder, the other end of the ball head body is provided with a positioning cylindrical surface, and the ball head body is movably connected with the blind hole of the connecting seat through the side surface of the shaft shoulder and the positioning cylindrical surface.
9. An adjustable eccentricity measurement reference sphere according to claim 8, wherein: a long cylindrical surface is arranged between a shaft shoulder at the right end of the ball head body and the positioning cylindrical surface, and an arc-shaped groove is formed in the long cylindrical surface; 4 threaded holes are uniformly formed in the positions, corresponding to the arc-shaped grooves, of the connecting seat along the circumference at the angle of 360 degrees, and a fastening screw is arranged in each threaded hole; the head of the set screw is provided with a steel ball, and the steel ball is pressed in the arc-shaped groove by screwing the set screw.
10. An adjustable eccentricity measurement reference sphere according to claim 9, wherein: the diameter of the long cylindrical surface of the ball head body is 0.05-0.2 mm smaller than that of the positioning cylindrical surface, and a thin neck is arranged on the long cylindrical surface of the ball head body.
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