CN112552158B - 一种含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/08—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from nitriles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/09—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C59/235—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group
- C07C59/347—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group containing keto groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
- C07C59/76—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups
- C07C59/84—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups containing six membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C67/347—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by addition to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于皮革铬鞣助剂技术领域,具体涉及一种含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的合成方法及应用。
背景技术
制革加工包括多个工序,其中鞣制工序(Tanning process)具有“点石成金”的功效,是制革过程中非常重要的工序之一(China C R.et al.Chemosphere,2020,254:126804)。铬鞣是迄今为止皮革制造中最重要且应用最广泛的鞣制方法,它赋予皮革较高的热稳定性,舒适的手感和优异的成革性能,目前在制革工业中仍占据绝对主导地位。然而,传统鞣制工艺中,铬鞣剂的吸收率通常只有60-70%,鞣制后会产生高浓度的含铬废水(2-3g/L)。这不仅增加了环境污染负荷和废水处理成本,也造成了极大的资源浪费。因此,最大可能地提高铬的吸收量和铬鞣剂的利用率,实现高吸收铬鞣,是近年来制革学术界和工业界广泛关注的问题,也是保证制革工业持续发展迫切需要解决的关键问题。(陈博,张辉,强西怀,等.高吸收铬鞣助剂的研究进展[J].中国皮革,2019,48(04):41-46;陈博,张辉,强西怀,等.羧基化改性水解胶原蛋白铬鞣助剂的制备及其性能[J].陕西科技大学学报,2019,37(5):27-32)。
高吸收铬鞣旨在不增加设备和显著改变工艺的前提下,使铬鞣剂在皮革中的吸收利用率提高至80%~98%,降低铬鞣废液的铬含量。按照其实现高吸收铬鞣机理不同,可分为两类:其一是胶原改性,利用其分子结构中的羧基、羟基、醛基、氨基等官能团与铬鞣剂发生配位结合,能够改善铬鞣剂的均匀渗透能力及其在胶原纤维内的有效结合,在胶原和铬鞣剂中起到桥连的作用;其二是铬鞣剂改性,通过磺酸基、羧酸等基团部分封闭了酸性条件下胶原分子侧链的正电荷,抑制皮膨胀的作用,达到无盐浸酸的效果,并且在铬鞣中也起到恰当蒙囿或预鞣的作用,从而提高铬的吸收率。
铬鞣通过铬与胶原侧链上带有负电荷的羧基离子相互吸引,生成牢固的配位键,产生交联结构,使裸皮发生质变。而皮胶原蛋白中酸性氨基酸即天冬氨酸、谷氨酸的含量分别只有42个或73个(每1000个氨基酸残基)。可见胶原可与铬配位的结合点有限,而且这种配位作用还受空间位阻,离子化等诸多因素的影响,因此实际铬结合率很低。迄今为止,修饰胶原,增加胶原侧链羧基数量被认为是大幅度提高铬吸收率的有效途径。因此开发新型胶原改性高吸收铬鞣助剂既迎合时代要求,又满足实际需求。
目前高吸收铬鞣助剂的研究包括醛酸类、丙烯酸聚合物、超支化聚合物、芳香族磺酸等。强西怀等应用乙醛酸或多元醛酸化合物对皮胶原进行化学改性,在皮胶原大分子侧链上引入羧基,从而增加铬鞣剂与皮胶原纤维的结合点,铬吸收率提升为91.1%,减少铬粉用量40%-50%。(强西怀,李闻欣,俞从正,等.乙醛酸助铬鞣应用工艺的研究[J].中国皮革,2002,31(07):28-32;张丽平,强西怀.多元醛酸助铬鞣工艺研究[J].中国皮革,2006,35(21):5-8)。徐佳丽等以丙烯酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、衣康酸为单体,通过自由基聚合制备聚羧酸型助剂,铬鞣后裸皮对铬的吸收率为92%,废液中Cr2O3的含量为350mg/L。(徐佳丽,罗建勋.一种聚羧酸型助剂的合成与应用研究[J].中国皮革,2017,46(03):35-41)。姚棋等将端羧基超支化聚合物(HBPC)高吸收铬助剂应用于浸酸猪皮以及白皮粉的鞣制中,加入3%的HBPC,能够使铬的吸收率达95.2%,比常规铬鞣法提高了49.9%。(姚棋,李征,王朝影,等.超支化聚合物作为高吸收铬鞣助剂的应用[J].中国皮革,2019,48(03):14-20)。
但以上高吸收铬鞣方法存在成本高、工艺复杂,铬吸收率约在80-95%,成革性能不能达到要求等问题。
本发明提出一种含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的合成方法,助剂中引入三个以上酮羰基和二元羧基结构,能实现胶原的多点位改性,增加胶原侧链羧基数量,增加与三价铬配位位点,增加皮革中三价铬的结合量,实现铬鞣剂的高吸收,减少废液中铬的排放。
发明内容
本发明提供一种含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂,助剂中引入三个以上酮羰基和二元羧基结构,实现胶原的改性,增加胶原侧链羧基数量,实现铬鞣剂的高吸收,减少废液中铬的排放。
本发明提供上述含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的制备方法。
本发明提供上述含酮羧酸高吸收铬鞣助剂的应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂,其结构通式为:
其中R1=苯基(-C6H5)、苯胺(-C6H6N)、甲基(-CH3)或乙基(-C2H5);
R2=苯基、苯胺基、甲基(-CH3)、乙基(-C2H5)、甲氧基(-OCH3)或乙氧基(-OC2H5)。
上述含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)双迈克尔(Michael)加成反应
以含活泼亚甲基的化合物与含有α,β-不饱和腈的化合物或含有α,β-不饱和羧酸酯的化合物或含有α,β-不饱和酰胺的化合物为原料,利用迈克尔加成反应,以有机碱或无机碱为碱剂,在相转移催化剂的催化条件下,在低极性非质子有机溶剂中,于60-120℃下回流反应2-12h,合成得到多元腈、多元羧酸酯或多元酰胺;
(2)水解反应
将步骤(1)得到的多元腈、多元羧酸酯或多元酰胺,在碱性条件下于50-120℃水解4-12h,降温至常温,用酸调节pH至4-5,析出固体,过滤,得到含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂。
步骤(1)中,所述的含活泼亚甲基的化合物为二苯甲酰基甲烷、苯甲酰基丙酮、乙酰乙酰苯胺、3,5-二庚酮、1,3-二苯基丙酮、乙酰丙酮、乙酰乙酸乙酯(或甲酯);所述的含有α,β-不饱和羧酸酯的化合物为(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯;所述的含有α,β-不饱和腈的化合物为丙烯腈;所述的含有α,β-不饱和酰胺的化合物为丙烯酰胺。
步骤(1)中,所述的有机碱为三乙胺、哌啶、吡啶;所述的无机碱为无水碳酸钾或无水碳酸钠;所述的相转移催化剂为四丁基溴化铵、四丁基氯化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵(TEBA)、四丁基硫酸氢铵(TBAB)、三辛基甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十四烷基三甲基氯化铵、聚乙二醇400~1000(PEG 400~1000)或聚丙二醇400~1000(PPG 400~1000);所述的低极性非质子有机溶剂为石油醚、正己烷、环己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯或乙酸乙酯、1,4-二氧六环的一种或两种混合溶剂。
步骤(1)中,含活泼亚甲基的化合物与含有α,β-不饱和腈的化合物或含有α,β-不饱和羧酸酯的化合物或含有α,β-不饱和酰胺的化合物的摩尔比为1∶(2.0~3.0);含活泼亚甲基的化合物与碱剂、相转移催化剂的摩尔比为1∶(0.3~1.0)∶(0.01~0.06)。
步骤(2)中,所述的碱液为质量分数为10~30%的氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液;所述的酸为质量分数为5~15%的硫酸溶液、磷酸溶液或盐酸溶液。
步骤(2)中,多元腈、多元羧酸酯或多元酰胺与氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的摩尔比为0.2-1.2。
上述含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂在皮革鞣制中的应用。
本发明的含酮羧酸高吸收铬鞣助剂能实现胶原的改性,增加胶原侧链羧基数量,增加与三价铬配位位点,增加皮革中三价铬的结合量,实现铬鞣剂的高吸收,减少废液中铬的排放,具有高效环保的特性。
说明书附图
图1含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂结构通式
图2 4,4-二乙酰-庚二腈的核磁氢谱图
图3 4,4-二乙酰-庚二酸二乙酯的核磁氢谱图
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细描述,但是发明的实施方案不局限于此。
实施例1
(一)庚二腈的合成
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol乙酰丙酮、磨碎干燥的K2CO3(0.1mol)、1g四丁基溴化铵及80mL正己烷,滴加0.2mol丙烯腈,约10min滴完,75℃回流反应4h,停止搅拌,抽滤,滤饼水洗,得到庚二腈产物,反应示意式如下:
(二)庚二腈的水解
在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol庚二腈,加入150mL质量分数为20%的氢氧化钠溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构,产物结构式如下:
庚二腈的核磁氢谱(DMSO-d6)2.32ppm(t,4H,-CCH2CH2CN),2.25ppm(t,4H,-CCH2CH2CN),2.16ppm(s,6H,CH3CO-);
庚二羧酸的核磁氢谱(DMSO-d6)
11.51ppm(s,2H,CH2COOH),2.12ppm(m,6H,COCH3),1.75ppm(m,4H,CH2CH2COOH),1.24ppm(s,4H,CCH2CH2COOH)。
将制备得到的高吸收铬鞣助剂,应用于黄牛皮浸酸铬鞣;按照表3浸酸铬鞣工艺进行浸酸及铬鞣,测试坯革的收缩温度;利用ICP-AES测定铬鞣废液中及铬鞣坯革中三价铬的含量,并换算成三氧化二铬的含量;按照QB/T 2710-2018(皮革.物理和机械试验.抗张强度和伸长率的测定)和QB/T 2711-2005(皮革.物理和机械试验.撕裂力的测定:双边撕裂)的方法,测定坯革的抗张强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度。
高吸收铬鞣助剂的应用性能如表4,实施例1的高吸收铬鞣助剂,应用于黄牛皮浸酸铬鞣,坯革收缩温度为106.5℃,利用ICP-AES测定铬鞣废液中及铬鞣坯革中三价铬分别是5.52g/L和336.6mg/L,坯革的抗张强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度分别为14.2N/mm2、56.8%和46.8N/mm。
实施例2
(一)庚二腈的合成
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol二苯甲酰甲烷、磨碎干燥的K2CO3(0.1mol)、1g四丁基溴化铵及120mL石油醚,滴加0.2mol丙烯腈,约10min滴完,回流反应6h,停止搅拌,抽滤,滤饼水洗,得到产物庚二腈衍生物,反应示意式如下:
(二)庚二腈的水解
在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250ml四口瓶中加入0.1mol庚二腈衍生物,加入150mL质量分数为18%的氢氧化钠溶液,在60℃下搅拌6h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构,产物结构式如下:
庚二腈的核磁氢谱(DMSO-d6)
7.89ppm(m,4H,苯环),7.44ppm(m,2H,苯环),7.34ppm(m,4H,苯环),2.41ppm(t,4H,CH2CH2CN),1.96ppm(t,4H,CCH2CH2CN).
庚二羧酸的核磁氢谱(DMSO)
11.0ppm(s,2H,CH2COOH),7.89ppm(m,4H,苯环),7.44ppm(m,2H,苯环),7.34ppm(m,4H,苯环),2.23ppm(t,4H,CH2CH2COOH),1.86ppm(t,4H,CCH2CH2COOH).
将制备得到的高吸收铬鞣助剂,应用于黄牛皮浸酸铬鞣;按照表3浸酸铬鞣工艺进行浸酸及铬鞣,测试坯革的收缩温度;利用ICP-AES测定铬鞣废液中及铬鞣坯革中三价铬的含量,并换算成三氧化二铬的含量;按照QB/T 2710-2018(皮革.物理和机械试验.抗张强度和伸长率的测定)和QB/T 2711-2005(皮革.物理和机械试验.撕裂力的测定:双边撕裂)的方法,测定坯革的抗张强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度。
高吸收铬鞣助剂的应用性能如表4,实施例2的高吸收铬鞣助剂,应用于黄牛皮浸酸铬鞣,坯革收缩温度为105.7℃,利用ICP-AES测定铬鞣废液中及铬鞣坯革中三价铬分别是5.36g/L和487.5mg/L,坯革的抗张强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度分别为12.3N/mm2、52.5%和38.4N/mm。
实施例3
(一)庚二酸二乙酯的合成
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol乙酰丙酮、磨碎干燥的K2CO3(0.1mol)、1.5g聚乙二醇PEG 600及100mL正己烷,滴加0.2mol丙烯酸乙酯,约10min滴完,75℃回流反应4h,停止搅拌,抽滤,滤饼水洗,得到庚二酸二乙酯,反应示意式如下:
(二)庚二羧酸酯的水解
在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol庚二酸二乙酯,加入150mL质量分数为20%的氢氧化钾溶液,在60℃下搅拌4h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,产物结构式如下:
庚二酸二乙酯的核磁氢谱(CDCl3)
4.14ppm(q,4H,-OCH2CH3),2.20ppm(m,4H,-CCH2CH2COOC2H5),2.15ppm(m,10H,CH3CO-和-CCH2CH2COOC2H5),1.26ppm(t,6H,-OCH2CH3);
庚二酸的核磁氢谱与实施例1相同。
实施例4
(一)庚二酸二乙酯的合成
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.05mol二苯甲酰甲烷、磨碎干燥的K2CO3(0.05mol)、0.5g十二烷基三甲基氯化铵及70mL石油醚,滴加0.1mol丙烯酸乙酯,约10min滴完,75℃回流反应4h,停止搅拌,抽滤,滤饼水洗,得到庚二酸二乙酯,产物示意式如下;
(二)庚二酸二乙酯的水解
在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol庚二酸二乙酯,加入150mL质量分数为20%的氢氧化钾溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构,产物结构式如下;
庚二酸二乙酯的核磁氢谱(CDCl3)
7.89ppm(m,4H,CCHC),7.44ppm(m,2H,CCHC),7.34ppm(m,4H,CCHC),4.12ppm(m,4H,CCH2O),2.25ppm(t,4H,CCH2COO),1.98ppm(t,4H,CCH2C),1.30ppm(t,6H,CCH3);
庚二酸的核磁氢谱(DMSO-d6)与实施例2相同。
实施例5
同实施例1的方法,所不同的是,在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol苯甲酰丙酮、三乙胺(0.1mol)、0.8g四丁基氯化铵(0.0035mol)及80mL环己烷,滴加0.2mol丙烯酸甲酯,约10min滴完,85℃回流反应4h;在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol二元羧酸酯,加入150mL质量分数为30%的氢氧化钠溶液,在60℃下搅拌6h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构。
实施例6
同实施例1的方法,所不同的是,在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol乙酰乙酰苯胺、哌啶(0.1mol)、1.5g四丁基硫酸氢铵及100mL环己烷,滴加0.2mol丙烯腈,约10min滴完,80℃回流反应4h,得到庚二腈衍生物;在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol庚二腈衍生物,加入150ml质量分数为20%的氢氧化钾溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构。
实施例7
同实施例1的方法,所不同的是,在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol 3,5-二庚酮、吡啶(0.1mol)、0.8g苄基三乙基氯化铵及80mL二甲苯,滴加0.2mol丙烯腈,约10min滴完,80℃反应4h,得到庚二腈衍生物;在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol庚二腈衍生物,加入150mL质量分数为18%的氢氧化钾溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构。
实施例8
同实施例1的方法,所不同的是,在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol苯甲酰丙酮、三乙胺(0.1mol)、1.25g三辛基甲基氯化铵及80mL石油醚,滴加0.2mol丙烯腈,约10min滴完,90℃回流反应4h,得到庚二腈衍生物;在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol得到庚二腈衍生物,加入150mL质量分数为18%的氢氧化钾溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构。
实施例9
同实施例1的方法,所不同的是,在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol l,3-二苯丙酮、磨碎干燥的K2CO3(0.1mol)、2g聚乙二醇1000及80mL二甲苯,滴加0.2mol丙烯酸乙酯,约10min滴完,90℃反应4h,得到庚二酸二乙酯衍生物;在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol庚二酸二乙酯衍生物,加入150mL质量分数为25%的氢氧化钾溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构。
实施例10
同实施例1的方法,所不同的是,在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol苯甲酰丙酮、吡啶、3.2g聚乙二醇1000(PEG1000)及80mL 1,4二氧六环,滴加0.2mol丙烯酸丁酯,约10min滴完,90℃反应4h,得到庚二酸二丁酯衍生物;在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol得到庚二酸二丁酯衍生物,加入150mL质量分数为30%的氢氧化钾溶液,在60℃下搅拌4h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构。
实施例11
同实施例1的方法,所不同的是,在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol二苯甲酰甲烷、吡啶(0.1mol)、3g聚丙二醇1000(PPG 1000)及80mL1,4二氧六环,滴加0.2mol丙烯酸甲酯,约10min滴完,90℃反应6h,得到庚二酸二甲酯衍生物;在装有搅拌器,温度计,回流冷凝管的250mL四口瓶中加入0.1mol庚二酸二甲酯衍生物,加入150mL质量分数为20%的氢氧化钾溶液,在60℃下搅拌5h后,用酸调节pH至4-5,过滤,得到产物,于65℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,核磁氢谱确证结构。
采用不同原料制备含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的迈克尔加成制备实施例1-11的制备结果汇总于表1。
采用不同原料制备含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的水解实施例1-11列于表2。
表1 含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的迈克尔加成制备实例
表2 含酮羧酸结构的高吸收铬鞣助剂的水解实例
表3 浸酸铬鞣工艺
表4 铬含量及坯革性能测试
Claims (6)
2.权利要求1所述的含酮羧酸结构的铬鞣助剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)双迈克尔加成反应
利用迈克尔加成反应,以含活泼亚甲基的化合物与含有α,β-不饱和腈的化合物或含有α,β-不饱和羧酸酯的化合物或含有α,β-不饱和酰胺的化合物为原料,以有机碱或无机碱为碱剂,在相转移催化剂的催化条件下,在低极性非质子有机溶剂中,于60-120℃下回流反应2-12h,合成得到多元腈、多元羧酸酯或多元酰胺;
(2)水解反应
将步骤(1)得到的多元腈、多元羧酸酯或多元酰胺,在碱性条件下,于50-120℃下水解4-12h,降温至常温,用酸调节pH至4-5,析出固体,过滤,得到含酮羧酸结构的铬鞣助剂;
所述的含活泼亚甲基的化合物为乙酰丙酮、二苯甲酰基甲烷、苯甲酰基丙酮或3,5-二庚酮;所述的含有α,β-不饱和羧酸酯的化合物为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯或丙烯酸丁酯;所述的含有α,β-不饱和腈的化合物为丙烯腈;所述的含有α,β-不饱和酰胺的化合物为丙烯酰胺;
所述的有机碱为三乙胺、哌啶或吡啶;所述的无机碱为无水碳酸钾或无水碳酸钠;所述的相转移催化剂为四丁基溴化铵、四丁基氯化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、四丁基硫酸氢铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十四烷基三甲基氯化铵、聚乙二醇400~1000或聚丙二醇400~1000;所述的低极性非质子有机溶剂为石油醚、正己烷、环己烷、苯、甲苯、氯苯、乙酸乙酯、1,4-二氧六环的一种或两种混合溶剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含酮羧酸结构的铬鞣助剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,含活泼亚甲基的化合物与含有α,β-不饱和腈的化合物或含有α,β-不饱和羧酸酯的化合物或含有α,β-不饱和酰胺的化合物的摩尔比为1∶(2.0~3.0);含活泼亚甲基的化合物与碱剂、相转移催化剂的摩尔比为1∶(0.3~1.0)∶(0.01~0.06)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的含酮羧酸结构的铬鞣助剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的碱液为质量分数为10~30%的氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液;所述的酸为质量分数为5~15%的盐酸溶液、硫酸溶液或磷酸溶液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的含酮羧酸结构的铬鞣助剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,多元腈、多元羧酸酯或多元酰胺与氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的摩尔比为0.2-1.2。
6.权利要求1所述的含酮羧酸结构的铬鞣助剂在皮革鞣制中的应用。
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