CN112490681A - Three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorber and design method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorber and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metamaterial electromagnetic control, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorber and a design method thereof. The invention relates to a paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorberM*NA periodic extension of each metamaterial unit; the metamaterial unit is a tetrahedron formed by folding and splicing two strips, four surfaces of the metamaterial unit are identical, and each surface can pass through a folding angleβRegulating and controlling; each surface is composed of three layers of structures, wherein the middle layer is PET, the upper surface and the lower surface of the PET are ITO, and the ITO layers are completely symmetrical double-opening resonance rings. The invention relates to a paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorber, which changes the folding angleβCan realize the mechanical regulation and control of the reflection amplitude (absorption amplitude) of the electromagnetic wave under TE polarization and the mechanical regulation and control of the resonance frequency (wave-absorbing frequency band) of the electromagnetic wave reflected under TM polarizationβThe excellent function of full polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorption can be realized when the angle is not less than 45 degrees; the invention has the advantages of high flexibility, high efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metamaterial electromagnetic regulation and control, and particularly relates to an adjustable metamaterial wave absorber and a design method thereof.
Background
The metamaterial is a periodic or quasi-periodic structure formed by adopting sub-wavelength units according to a certain arrangement mode according to the theory of electromagnetism by simulating the concept of natural atoms and molecular constituent substances. Since the metamaterial has some physical properties that natural materials do not have, the metamaterial has been one of the hot spots of research of domestic and foreign scientists in recent years. The appearance of the metamaterial enables people to change the radar stealth from dream to reality, the perfect metamaterial absorber is developed very quickly, and the application prospect is bright. However, the two problems of full-polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorption and adjustability in the existing reports cannot be well solved, and the practical application is extremely hindered. The broadband wave absorption of the full polarization and the large angle has great challenge, mainly because when the oblique incident angle of the electromagnetic wave is very large, the structure of the metamaterial is equivalent to asymmetry, the wave absorption of the full polarization cannot be well ensured, and the wave absorption under one polarization can only be well ensured. The second problem of regulation is also very difficult, and the currently reported adjustable metamaterial is basically based on electronic elements, so that the mode is troublesome to manufacture and difficult to process; paper-cut that reports at present is adjustable all based on 3D printing technique basically, through printing out different moulds, so the cost is higher, does not accomplish adjustable in essence. Therefore, how to solve the problems of full polarization and wide-angle broadband wave absorption and adjustability is the key of the designed metamaterial adjustable wave absorber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metamaterial wave absorber capable of realizing full polarization and wide-angle broadband, amplitude and resonant frequency adjustment under the excitation of linear polarization waves and a design method thereof.
The paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorber provided by the invention is based on a multi-dipole coupling theory and a paper-cut folding structure, and specifically comprises M-N metamaterials with the same structural parametersThe material units are extended at equal intervals in space; the metamaterial unit is of a three-dimensional structure and mainly is a tetrahedron formed by folding and splicing two strips cut from a two-dimensional super surface and enclosing the two strips, and four surfaces of the tetrahedron are identical; wherein each surface (two-dimensional super surface) is of a three-layer structure, and the middle layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET); attached to the upper and lower surfaces of PET are completely symmetrical rectangular double-opening resonant ring structures made of ITO; note that the angle of the two strip folds is β, and the structural parameters of the double-opening resonant ring structure are: the length and width of the external opening ring are m and n respectively, and the width of the gap between the two open rings is w1Width of the split ring being w2The width of the opening is g.
The metamaterial unit is of a three-dimensional structure, and the period of the metamaterial unit in a horizontal plane is p ═ 2 × m × sin β;
the metamaterial unit is divided into three modes (namely a splicing mode of two folded strips), and the three modes are as follows:
mode 1: the structure is a Chinese character 'jing' shaped structure formed by oppositely splicing two folded strips; the period of the material in the x-axis direction is 2 × m × cos β, and the period of the material in the y-axis direction is 2 × m × sin β.
Mode 2: the two opposite strips are separated by a distance compared to mode 1; the period in the x-axis direction is 2 × m × cos β, and the period in the y-axis direction is 2 × m × sin β + k (k ═ 2).
Mode 3: equivalently, the strip-shaped structure of the mode 1 is folded by 90 degrees, adjacent units are connected by the middle point of the boundary edge, and two adjacent strip-shaped structures are oppositely arranged and have a half period difference; the period of the material in the x-axis direction is 2 x n, and the period of the material in the y-axis direction is 2 x m cos beta.
The paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorber provided by the invention has the advantages that three different structural modes of a metamaterial unit can realize three functions of modulating electromagnetic waves under different folding angles beta under the excitation of linear polarized waves:
function one, when the folding angle beta is changed, the mechanical regulation and control (f) of the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude can be realized under TE polarization (the electric field is along the y-axis direction)1)；
Function two, the folding angle β can be changed under TM polarization (electric field along x-axis direction)) Mechanical regulation of the resonant frequency of the reflected electromagnetic waves (f)2、f3)；
Function three, when the folding angle beta is 45 degrees, the broadband adjustable wave absorber (f) can be used as a broadband adjustable wave absorber0)。
f0For a wide frequency wave-absorbing body working frequency band, f1Operating frequency band for reflection amplitude control, f2、f3. And the working frequency band of the resonant frequency regulation.
Wherein, the folding angle beta is mainly regulated and controlled by the action of external mechanical force, thereby modulating electromagnetic waves.
As shown in fig. 2, each face (two-dimensional super surface) of the metamaterial unit is a three-layer structure composed of three layers of dielectric ITO, PET, ITO, such as mode 1, four faces of which are identical, each face is composed of three layers of dielectric ITO, PET, ITO, wherein the ITO layer is a double-opening resonant ring structure.
When excited in mode 1(β ═ 45 °), as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that when F ═ 4.75GHz, four surface currents form circulating currents, each forming a magnetic dipole, and the magnetic dipoles on the two opposing surfaces can be understood as co-directional longitudinal coupling, which can be understood as approximately N, S being very close, which makes the system more stable, and thus the resonance frequency is at a low frequency. When F is 13.57GHz, the current flows on the four surfaces are observed to form an electric dipole, and the electric dipoles on the two opposite surfaces are coupled transversely in the same direction, which is approximately understood that two current lines placed in the same direction repel each other, so that the system needs a larger restoring force, and therefore, the resonant frequency is at a high frequency. By changing the folding angle beta, the distance between the two dipoles can be changed, and the reflection amplitude and the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic wave can be regulated and controlled. The principle of mode 2 is similar to mode 1. Mode 3, as can be seen from the surface current distribution at the next resonance point of TM polarization shown in FIG. 4, a magnetic dipole is formed on each surface, and the z-axis component p of the magnetic dipoles on both surfaceszPcos β is equal in size and opposite in direction, and can be approximated as an inverse lateral coupling; its component p along the y-axisyPsin β, which may be approximately co-directional longitudinally coupled; when the folding angle beta is increased, the folding angle beta,the distance l between two face central points is mcos beta and can reduce, so the effect between two dipoles can increase, and then can regulate and control the resonant frequency of electromagnetic wave. The reflection amplitude can be further regulated and controlled due to the change of the period length.
According to the requirements of a three-function integrated metamaterial adjustable wave absorber, the metamaterial unit structure is optimally designed, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, constructing a unit structure according to the basic theory of multi-dipole coupling
Both the electric/magnetic multipole may radiate energy outwards. In general, two dipoles placed in space interact with each other and can be divided into transverse coupling and longitudinal coupling, as shown in fig. 8. When the two dipoles are coupled transversely in the same direction, the restoring force of the system is increased, and the resonant frequency is higher; when the two dipoles are coupled reversely and transversely, the system is relatively stable, and the resonant frequency is low. However, when the two dipoles are longitudinally coupled, the situation is just opposite, and when the two dipoles are longitudinally coupled in the same direction, the system becomes more stable, and the resonant frequency is lower; in the reverse longitudinal coupling, the restoring force increases and the resonance frequency is relatively high. According to the principle, a three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial unit structure is designed, and the effect between dipoles can be changed by changing the folding angle beta, so that the purpose of regulation and control is achieved.
In mode 1, the design of the unit structure is carried out, and an outer circular structure is firstly designed, as shown in fig. 5(a), the-10 dB bandwidth is narrow, and the effect is not good; then, a double-sided ring structure is designed, as shown in fig. 5(b), the-10 dB bandwidth is significantly increased, but is still not ideal at low frequencies; then, a double-split resonant ring structure is designed, and the simulation result shows that the-10 dB bandwidth is obviously improved and reaches below-10 dB at low frequency as shown in figure 5 (c). Then, the structure parameters are optimized and designed, as shown in fig. 6, simulation results under each parameter can be obtained through simulation, and m is 16mm, n is 12mm, and w is obtained after the parameters are finally optimized2＝2.3mm，w1G is 0.3 mm; wherein the thickness of PET is 0.1mm, and the resistance of ITO is 100 omega/sq.
Second, three paper-cut modes are constructed
According to the first step, three modes of paper-cut are designed as shown in fig. 7: mode 1: the two folded strip structures are oppositely spliced into a structure shaped like a Chinese character 'jing'; mode 2 (similar to mode 1): the two folded strip structures are oppositely arranged (a certain distance is reserved between the two strip structures); mode 3: the strip structure of the mode 1 is turned over by 90 degrees, and adjacent units are connected by the middle point of the boundary edge, namely, two adjacent strip structures are staggered and arranged by a half period.
According to the three constructed modes, a regulation mechanism is analyzed by applying a multi-dipole coupling theory as follows:
as shown in fig. 8, two spatially placed dipoles (electric or magnetic dipoles, shown as electric dipoles) interact with each other by the following interaction energies:
wherein,
is p1Point of direction p2When the two dipoles are purely longitudinally coupled or transversely coupled, the unit vector of (1) can be simplified as follows:
where γ is +1, which is the coefficient of interaction, γ is-2 when the two dipoles are coupled laterally, and γ is +1, p when the two dipoles are coupled longitudinally1And p2The magnitudes of the two dipole moments. For example, when two electric dipoles interact, the two oppositely placed dipoles attract each other under transverse coupling, and the restoring force of the system is reduced, so that the system becomes stable and the resonant frequency is relatively low; conversely, the two dipoles placed in the same direction repel each other, so that the restoring force of the system increases and the resonance frequency is relatively high. The situation of longitudinal coupling is just opposite to that of transverse coupling, and two couples placed in the same directionThe positive and negative charges at two ends close to each other attract each other, so that the restoring force of the system is reduced, the system becomes stable, and the resonant frequency is lower; when the two dipoles are placed in opposite directions, charges at two ends close to each other repel each other, and the restoring force of the system is improved, so that the resonant frequency is higher.
Accordingly, three modes of design are as follows:
In mode 3, as shown in fig. 13, the distance l between the center points of two adjacent planes is mcos β according to the geometric relationship. As can be seen from the surface current distribution under the next resonance point of TM polarization shown in FIG. 4, a magnetic dipole is formed on each surface, and the z-axis component p of the magnetic dipoles on two adjacent surfaceszPcos β is equal in size and opposite in direction, and can be approximated as an inverse lateral coupling; its component p along the y-axisyPsin β, which may be approximately co-directional longitudinally coupled; when folding angle beta increases, the effect between two dipoles can increase for the system becomes stable, reduces the restoring force of system, and then can regulate and control the resonant frequency of electromagnetic wave and move to the low frequency, function two promptly: at the TM poleThe mechanical regulation and control of the resonant frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave can be realized under the chemical regulation and control. As the folding angle β increases, the period length l ═ 2mcos β decreases, the resonance generated by the metamaterial being excited becomes stronger, and the reflection amplitude decreases, i.e. function one: the mechanical regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude can be realized under TE polarization. When the folding angle β is 45 °, as shown in fig. 14, the broadband wave absorber can be used in this state, and the absorption effect is the best mainly because the period length l is 2mcos β and the height h of the metamaterial is msin β reach the extreme value, and the ITO area is the largest at this time. The absorption rate of TE polarized waves can reach more than 90% under the condition of vertical incidence in the range of 4GHz to 15.5GHz, the absorption rate of TM polarized waves can reach more than 82%, the absolute bandwidth reaches 11.55GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 90%; within 60 degrees of oblique incidence angle, the TE polarized wave absorption rate can reach more than 70 percent, and the TM polarized wave absorption rate can reach more than 72 percent, namely, the function III is a full-polarization large-angle broadband wave absorber.
The third step: changing the folding angles beta of three paper-cut modes, and evaluating the electromagnetic wave-absorbing regulation and control range
With the theoretical support of the first step and the three paper-cutting modes of the second step, different electromagnetic wave absorption regulation and control ranges of the three modes under different folding angles beta (beta is less than or equal to 45 ℃) can be analyzed.
Mode 1: the experimental result is shown in fig. 9, when the folding angle β changes from 10 ° to 30 °, the reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave in TE polarization changes from 0.55 to 0.1, and the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected in TM polarization changes from 2.0GHz to 3.9GHz (the relative bandwidth control range can reach 38.7%); the simulation result is shown in fig. 18, when the folding angle β changes from 1.5 ° to 30 °, the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave in TE polarization (the smaller the reflection coefficient, the better the absorption effect of the electromagnetic wave) changes from-23 dB to-3 dB, and the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic wave in TM polarization changes from 0.7GHz to 3.9GHz (the relative bandwidth control range can reach 139.1%).
Mode 2: the experimental result is shown in fig. 11, when the folding angle β changes from 20 ° to 45 °, the reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave in TE polarization changes from 0.5 to 0.1, and the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected in TM polarization changes from 3.2GHz to 4.9GHz (the relative bandwidth control range can reach 41.9%); the simulation result is shown in fig. 19, when the folding angle β changes from 3 ° to 45 °, the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave under TE polarization changes from-19 dB to-3 dB, and the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected under TM polarization changes from 1.7GHz to 4.7GHz (the relative bandwidth control range can reach 93.7%).
Mode 3: the experimental result is shown in fig. 13, when the folding angle β changes from 20 ° to 45 °, the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude under TE polarization changes from 0.48 to 0.05, and the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected under TM polarization changes from 13.3GHz to 6.6GHz (the relative bandwidth control range can reach 67.3%); the simulation result is shown in fig. 20, when the folding angle β is changed from 10 ° to 45 °, the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave under TE polarization is changed from-5 dB to-32 dB, and the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected under TM polarization is changed from 15.5GHz to 5.4GHz (the relative bandwidth control range can reach 96.7%).
The fourth step: according to the three paper-cut modes and the different folding angles beta, three functions are determined
Firstly, under the action of external mechanical force, by changing the angle beta of the paper-cut, the mechanical regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude under TE polarization (namely working in the frequency band f) can be realized under three modes1Function one); mechanical regulation of the resonant frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave (i.e. operating in frequency band f) under TM polarization2、f3Function two) of (a); when the folding angle β is 45 °, all three modes can be used as a full-polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorber (i.e., working in the frequency band f)0Function three) of (a).
The poisson ratio and relative density in three modes are calculated:
poisson's ratio primarily refers to the negative value of the ratio of transverse positive strain to axial positive strain when a material is under unidirectional tension or compression. The calculation formula is as follows:
where v is the poisson's ratio, l is the length of the metamaterial unit, and w is the width of the metamaterial unit. The poisson ratio of the available mode 1 is therefore:
wherein l1＝2m·cosβ，w3＝2m·sinβ。
The poisson ratio of mode 2 is:
wherein l2＝2m·cosβ，w4＝2m·sinβ+k。
Since the lateral positive strain in mode 3 is 0, the poisson's ratio can be found to be 0 according to the calculation formula. The calculation results of the poisson ratios in the three modes are shown in fig. 21(a), and it can be seen that as the folding angle β (β ≦ 45 °) increases, the poisson ratio increases, and the poisson ratio in mode 2 is greater than that in mode 1.
The relative density mainly refers to the ratio of the volume of the metamaterial to the cubic space occupied, for example, the relative density of mode 1 is:
the relative densities of mode 2 are:
The calculation results of the relative densities in the three modes are shown in fig. 21 (b). It can be seen that as the folding angle β (β ≦ 45 °) increases, the relative density decreases, and the patterns 1 and 3 change in the same tendency, with pattern 2 being less than the relative density of pattern 1.
According to the three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorber and the design method thereof, the folding angle beta is changed, so that the mechanical regulation and control of the reflection amplitude (absorption amplitude) of electromagnetic waves under TE polarization and the mechanical regulation and control of the resonance frequency (wave absorbing frequency band) of the reflected electromagnetic waves under TM polarization can be realized, and the excellent function of full-polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorption can be realized when the beta is 45 degrees. The invention has the advantages of high integration level, flexibility, changeability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional schematic diagram of an integrated metamaterial with functions of full-polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorption, amplitude regulation and resonance frequency regulation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metamaterial unit structure.
Fig. 3 is a metamaterial unit current distribution diagram at two resonance points of 4.75 and 13.57GHz in mode 1(β ═ 45 °).
FIG. 4 is a graph of metamaterial unit current distribution at a resonant frequency of 5.4GHz for mode 3TM polarization.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cell design process.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of structural parameter optimization design.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of three different modes.
Fig. 8 is a schematic of the interaction of two dipoles.
FIG. 9 is a functional diagram (experimental results) for two polarizations at β change in mode 1.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of wide-angle broadband wave absorption under two polarizations when β is 45 ° in mode 1.
Fig. 11 is a functional diagram (experimental results) for two polarizations at β change in mode 2.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of wide-angle broadband wave absorption under two polarizations when β is 45 ° in mode 2.
Fig. 13 is a functional diagram (experimental results) for two polarizations at β change in mode 3.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of wide-angle broadband wave absorption under two polarizations when β is 45 ° in mode 2.
Fig. 15 is a diagram showing simulation results of β changes in two polarizations of mode 1.
FIG. 16 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a designed metamaterial tunable absorber.
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of experimental testing.
Fig. 18 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of mode 1.
Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of mode 2.
Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of mode 3.
Fig. 21 shows poisson's ratio and relative density in three modes.
Detailed Description
The following describes a specific implementation of the metamaterial tunable absorber by way of example. Firstly, three modes are constructed according to the theory of multi-dipole coupling, and the mechanical regulation of the reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave under TE polarization and the mechanical regulation of the resonance frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave under TM polarization can be realized by changing the folding angle beta, wherein the excellent function of full-polarization large-angle broadband wave absorption can be realized when the angle beta is 45 degrees. The specific control mechanism is as described above, and for verification, the manufacturing process and the testing process are described in detail below.
1. Cutting the processed ITO plane structure into a required strip-shaped structure: in practice, a planar structure (the designed ITO structure is attached to a PET board) is manufactured, and post-processing is required, as shown in fig. 16, the planar structure is cut (or cut by scissors) into a required strip-shaped structure along a cutting line in the x-axis direction by a cutting knife, and then the cut strip-shaped structure is folded according to a folding line.
2. Etching a groove-like structure on the foam board: to ensure the accuracy of the folding angle β, groove-like structures are etched into the foam board and the folded strip-like structures are then fixed in the grooves. In order to ensure the etching accuracy, as shown in fig. 16, white paper with etching lines is pasted on the foam board, etching is performed along the lines on the white paper, and only different groove-shaped structures need to be etched under different modes and different folding angles β. And then inserting the folded strip-shaped structure into the groove to finish the manufacturing. The manufacturing can be completed only by inserting different folding angles beta in different modes into foam boards with different groove-shaped structures, and fig. 16 shows schematic diagrams of the metamaterial adjustable wave absorber manufactured in the three modes.
3. And (3) experimental verification: the test is carried out in a microwave darkroom, and the test result basically accords with the simulation result after verification, fig. 18, fig. 19 and fig. 20 are schematic diagrams of the simulation result of three modes, and fig. 9, fig. 11 and fig. 13 are schematic diagrams of the experimental test result of three modes. Three functions of the designed metamaterial adjustable wave absorber are verified: by changing the folding angle beta, the mechanical regulation and control of the reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic waves under TE polarization and the mechanical regulation and control of the resonance frequency of the reflected electromagnetic waves under TM polarization can be realized, wherein the excellent function of full-polarization large-angle broadband wave absorption can be realized when the angle beta is 45 degrees.
4. The specific results are as follows:
mode 1: when the folding angle β changes from 10 ° to 30 ° as shown in fig. 9, the reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave in TE polarization changes from 0.55 to 0.1, i.e. function one: the mechanical regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude can be realized under TE polarization; the resonant frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave under TM polarization is from 2.0GHz to 3.9GHz (the relative bandwidth regulation range can reach 38.7%), namely function two: the mechanical regulation and control of the resonance frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave can be realized under TM polarization; as shown in fig. 10, when β is 45 °, the broadband waveguide structure can be used as a broadband waveguide structure in this state, the absorption rate under normal incidence of electromagnetic waves in the range from 3.46GHz to 15.61GHz can reach 90% or more, the absolute bandwidth can reach 12.15GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 127.43%, the TE polarized wave absorption rate can reach 74% or more and the TM polarized wave absorption rate can reach 90% or more within 60 ° of the incidence angle, but there is a drift at high frequency, that is, the function is three: a full-polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorber.
Mode 2: when the folding angle β changes from 20 ° to 45 ° as shown in fig. 11, the reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave in TE polarization changes from 0.5 to 0.1, i.e. function one: the mechanical regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude can be realized under TE polarization; the resonant frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave under TM polarization is from 3.2GHz to 4.9GHz (the relative bandwidth regulation range can reach 41.9%), namely function two: the mechanical regulation and control of the resonance frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave can be realized under TM polarization; when the folding angle β is 45 °, as shown in fig. 12, the sheet can also be used as a broadband wave absorber in this state, the absorption rate under the perpendicular incidence of electromagnetic waves in the range from 6GHz to 16GHz can reach more than 80%, the absolute bandwidth can reach 10GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 90.91%, and within 60 ° of oblique incidence, the absorption rate of TE polarized waves below 14.5GHz can reach more than 80%, the absorption rate of 14.5GHz TM polarized waves can reach more than 90%, and the absorption rate in the range from 14.5GHz to 16GHz can also reach more than 74%, that is, the function is three: a full-polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorber.
Mode 3: when the folding angle β changes from 20 ° to 45 ° as shown in fig. 13, the reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave in TE polarization changes from 0.48 to 0.05, i.e. function one: the mechanical regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude can be realized under TE polarization; the resonant frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave under TM polarization is from 13.3GHz to 6.6GHz (the relative bandwidth regulation range can reach 67.3%), namely function two: the mechanical regulation and control of the resonance frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave can be realized under TM polarization; when the folding angle β is 45 °, as shown in fig. 14, the sheet can also be used as a broadband wave absorber in this state, the absorption rate of the TE polarized wave under the vertical incidence in the range from 4GHz to 15.5GHz can reach more than 90%, the absorption rate of the TM polarized wave can reach more than 82%, the absolute bandwidth reaches 11.55GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 90%, and within 60 ° of the oblique incidence angle, the absorption rate of the TE polarized wave can reach more than 70%, and the absorption rate of the TM polarized wave can reach more than 72%, that is, the function is three: a full-polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorber.
Claims (4)
1. A three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial adjustable wave absorber is based on a multi-dipole coupling theory and a paper-cut folding structure and is characterized by specifically comprisingM*NThe metamaterial units with the same structural parameters are extended at equal intervals in space; the metamaterial unit is of a three-dimensional structure and is a tetrahedron formed by folding and splicing two strips cut from a two-dimensional super surface and enclosing, and four surfaces of the tetrahedron are identical; wherein each surface is of a three-layer structure, and the middle layer is PET; ITO is attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the PET; the ITO layer is a completely symmetrical rectangular double-opening resonant ring structure; noting the angle at which the two strips are folded asβAnd the structural parameters of the double-opening resonant ring structure are as follows: the length and width of the external opening ring are respectivelymAndnthe width of the gap of the two split rings isw 1The width of the split ring isw 2 The width of the opening isg；
The metamaterial unit is of a three-dimensional structure, and the period of the metamaterial unit in the horizontal plane isp=2*m*sinβ；
The metamaterial unit is divided into three modes, specifically as follows:
mode 1: the structure is a Chinese character 'jing' shaped structure formed by oppositely splicing two folded strips; having a period of 2 in the x-axis direction*m*cosβThe period in the y-axis direction is 2 ×)m*sinβ；
Mode 2: the two opposite strips are separated by a distance compared to mode 1; having a period of 2 in the x-axis direction*m*cosβThe period in the y-axis direction is 2 ×)m*sinβ+k，k=2；
Mode 3: equivalently, the strip-shaped structure of the mode 1 is folded by 90 degrees, adjacent units are connected by the middle point of the boundary edge, and two adjacent strip-shaped structures are oppositely arranged and have a half period difference; the period of the X-axis direction is 2 ×)nPeriod in the y-axis direction is 2*m*cosβ；
The three different structural modes of the metamaterial unit are under the excitation of linear polarized waves at different folding anglesβThree functions of modulating electromagnetic waves can be realized:
function one, folding angleβWhen changing, the mechanical regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude is realized under the TE polarizationf 1）；
Function two, folding angleβWhen changing, the resonance frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave is mechanically controlled under TM polarization (f 2、f 3）；
Function III, when folding angleβ(45 degree) as a broadband adjustable wave absorberf 0）；
f 0For the working frequency band of the broadband wave-absorbing body,f 1is the working frequency band for regulating and controlling the reflection amplitude,f 2、f 3a working frequency band for regulating and controlling the resonant frequency; wherein, the folding angle is regulated and controlled by the action of external mechanical forceβThereby modulating the electromagnetic wave.
2. The adjustable wave absorber of three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the structural parameters of the double-opening resonant ring structure in the metamaterial unit are as follows:m＝16 mm，n＝12 mm，w 2＝2.3 mm，w 1=g0.3mm, wherein the thickness of PET is 0.1mm, and the resistance of ITO is 100 Ω/sq.
3. The design method of the three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial adjustable absorber according to claim 1, comprising the following specific steps of:
the first step is as follows: constructing a unit structure according to a multi-dipole coupling theory
The electric/magnetic multipole can radiate energy outwards; the two dipoles which are arranged in the space have interaction and are divided into transverse coupling and longitudinal coupling; when the two dipoles are coupled transversely in the same direction, the restoring force of the system is increased, and the resonant frequency is higher; when the two dipoles are coupled reversely and transversely, the system is relatively stable, and the resonant frequency is lower; when the two dipoles are longitudinally coupled in the same direction, the system becomes more stable, and the resonant frequency is lower; when the two dipoles are reversely and longitudinally coupled, the restoring force is increased, and the resonant frequency is relatively high; according to the principle, a three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial unit structure is designed by changing the folding angleβThe electromagnetic interaction between the dipoles is changed, so that the purpose of regulating and controlling the electromagnetic wave absorption frequency is achieved;
the second step is that: constructing three paper-cut modes
Mode 1: the structure is a Chinese character 'jing' shaped structure formed by oppositely splicing two folded strips;
mode 2: the two opposite strips are separated by a distance compared to mode 1;
mode 3: equivalently, the strip-shaped structure of the mode 1 is folded by 90 degrees, adjacent units are connected by the middle point of the boundary edge, and two adjacent strip-shaped structures are oppositely arranged and have a half period difference;
the third step: folding angle capable of changing three paper-cut modesβAnd evaluating the electromagnetic wave absorption regulation and control range
Analyzing three modes at different folding anglesβThe following different electromagnetic wave absorption regulation ranges:
mode 1: when folding angleβThe reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave under TE polarization is changed from 0.55 to 0.1, and the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected under TM polarization is changed from 2.0GHz to 3.9GHz from 10 DEG to 30 DEG;
mode 2: when folding angleβThe reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave under TE polarization is changed from 0.5 to 0.1, and the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected under TM polarization is changed from 3.2GHz to 4.9GHz from 20 DEG to 45 DEG;
mode 3: when folding angleβThe reflection amplitude of the electromagnetic wave under TE polarization is changed from 0.48 to 0.05, and the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected under TM polarization is changed from 13.3GHz to 6.6GHz from 20 DEG to 45 DEG;
the fourth step: according to three paper-cut modes and folding anglesβIn contrast, three functions are determined
Firstly, under the action of external mechanical force, by changing the angle of the paper-cutβThe mechanical regulation of the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude under TE polarization, namely working in frequency band, is realized under three modesf 1A first function; mechanical regulation of the resonant frequency of reflected electromagnetic waves, i.e. operating in the frequency band, is achieved under TM polarizationf 2、f 3Function two of (1); when folding angleβWhen the angle is not less than 45 degrees, all the three modes can be used as a full-polarization wide-angle broadband wave absorber, namely, the broadband wave absorber works in the frequency bandf 0Function three.
4. The method for designing the three-dimensional paper-cut metamaterial adjustable absorber according to claim 3, wherein the final structural parameters of the double-opening resonant ring structure in the metamaterial unit are determined as follows:m＝16 mm，n＝12 mm，w 2 ＝2.3 mm，g=w 10.3 mm; the thickness of PET is 0.1mm, the dielectric constant is 3.0, and the electric tangent loss is 0.003; the resistance of the ITO was 100. omega./sq.
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