CN112461719B - Non-uniform sound field testing method for main particle size of wide-screening particles - Google Patents
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- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-uniform sound field test method for main particle size of wide-screened particles, which is characterized in that the wide-screened particles with different particle size are placed in a non-uniform sound field, the particles are suspended, migrated, aggregated, agglomerated and settled in the non-uniform sound field with certain frequency and sound pressure intensity to form a plurality of particle cluster stripes, the particle cluster stripes are shot by a camera or a camera with a microscope function, the distance between the adjacent particle cluster stripes is counted, measured and calculated, and the particle diameter is calculated by combining the physical properties of the particles and the sound field parameters; screening test data according to whether the test data fall on a plurality of particle size-stripe spacing-frequency change curves; the primary particle size of the wide screened particles is screened out based on the approximate particle size values but different frequencies and test stripe spacing. The method for testing the main particle size of the wide-screening particles has very high measurement precision for various particles with the sizes smaller than the wavelength of a sound field, such as nano particles, micron particles, millimeter particles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-uniform sound field testing method for the main particle size of wide-screening particles, and belongs to the field of microparticle size testing and control.
Background
The actual polydisperse particulate matters usually encountered in production and living occasions such as combustion source suspended particles, pulverized coal ground by a coal mill, dust collected by a dust remover, particulate matters in smoke generated by combustion, air suspended particles in atmospheric environment, cosmetic aerosol particles and the like are complex in size and type, and the measurement of the particle characteristics of a complex-size particle system is an important issue of major particle study attention, and has great significance for guiding the industrial production and application of particulate products.
The method for accurately testing the particle size of the wide-screening particles, particularly the particle size of the particles with the number of main particles in nano, submicron and micron order, faces huge challenges. As the sizes of nano and submicron particles are smaller, in the occasion of gas-solid two-phase flow with lower concentration, the traditional weighing method needs a large amount of aerosol samples and quite long testing time, has high requirement on the weighing sensitivity of a testing instrument, and leads the commercial instrument to be expensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a non-uniform sound field testing method for the main particle size of wide-screened particles.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a non-uniform sound field testing method for the main particle size of wide-screening particles is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: connecting a signal generator with a signal output and a power amplification function and a loudspeaker in the non-uniform sound field generating device into an electric loop by using a lead;
the second step is that: changing the output sound pressure and frequency of a loudspeaker in the non-uniform sound field generating device by adjusting the output frequency and voltage amplitude of the signal generator, and generating a non-uniform sound field with specific sound pressure intensity and frequency similar to standing waves in the non-uniform sound field generating device;
the third step: introducing wide screened particles with different particle sizes into a non-uniform sound field generated in a non-uniform sound field generating device;
the fourth step: suspending, transferring, collecting and dispersing, agglomerating and settling wide-screened particles in a non-uniform sound field to form a plurality of particle cluster stripes;
shooting the particle cluster stripes by a camera or a camera with a microscope function;
counting, measuring and calculating the distance between a plurality of adjacent particle cluster stripes according to the shot particle cluster stripe picture;
the fifth step: calculating the particle diameter d of the particles by a particle cluster stripe formula under the condition of certain particle properties and sound field parameters p (ii) a Wherein, a particle cluster stripe formula can be expressed as:
in the formula D es Representing the adjacent fringe spacing of the measured cluster fringes; d p Indicates the particle size of the particles constituting the cluster grain; rho a And ρ p Respectively representing the density of a main flow gas medium and particles in a non-uniform sound field; beta is a a And beta p Respectively representing compressibility coefficients of a main flow gas medium and particles in a non-uniform sound field; k =2 π f/c denotes the wave number, f and c denote the frequency and sound velocity, respectively, of the non-uniform sound field;
calculating corresponding different particle diameters, namely the particle diameters with large particle number in the wide-screening particles, by using different spacing parameters of different adjacent particle cluster stripes;
and a sixth step: changing the output frequency and voltage amplitude of the signal generator, repeating the second step to the fifth step for more than one time to obtain a plurality of groups of data combinations of frequency, particle size and stripe spacing;
the seventh step: using the particle cluster stripe formula to calculate the particle diameter d p As abscissa, distance D between adjacent stripes es Drawing a two-dimensional linear chart with the vertical and horizontal coordinate axes in a logarithmic coordinate system form under different frequency conditions selected in the sixth step to obtain a plurality of particle size-stripe spacing-frequency change data lines;
eighth step: drawing the frequency, grain size and stripe spacing data combination obtained by experimental test and calculation in the sixth step into the two-dimensional graph in the seventh step, removing the data combination which is not on the grain size-stripe spacing-frequency change data line in the two-dimensional graph in the data combination, and obtaining the correct data combination according to the screening method;
screening out data combinations with similar particle sizes by taking the similar particle size values but different frequencies and stripe intervals as judgment standards, and taking the average values of different particle sizes with similar values as the main particle sizes of the wide-screening particles; the standard of the approximate particle size value is that for a certain particle size value range interval surrounding the main particle size, the number proportion of the particles corresponding to the main particle size value is the maximum value of the number proportion of the particles corresponding to other particle sizes in the interval, namely, the number proportion of the particles corresponding to the main particle size value is more;
the ninth step: the primary particle size of the broad sieving particles comprises a plurality of primary particle sizes obtained in the eighth step.
Preferably: the source of the wide-screening particles is combustion source suspended particles in gas-liquid two-phase flow, gas-solid two-phase flow or gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow, or pulverized coal ground by a coal mill, or dust collected by a dust remover, or particles in smoke generated by combustion, or air suspended particles in the atmospheric environment.
Has the advantages that: the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
the invention provides a non-uniform sound field testing method for the main particle size of wide-screening particles, which screens effective test data by controlling and measuring the particle stripe spacing formed by various particles with the sizes of nanometer, micrometer, millimeter and the like smaller than the wavelength of a sound field in a non-uniform standing wave sound field through variables and combining a plurality of drawn particle size-stripe spacing-frequency change two-dimensional line graphs. The primary particle size of the wide screened particles is screened according to a large number of data combinations of similar particle size values but different frequencies and test stripe spacings. The method has low requirements on environmental parameter conditions such as temperature, pressure and the like, and can ensure higher measurement precision under high/low temperature conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for forming cluster striations by using non-uniform sound field to control particles according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional line chart of the variation curve of particle size, fringe spacing and frequency in the present invention;
in the figure: 1-wide sieving of the particles; 11-cluster streaks; 111-a first cluster of particles; 112-a second cluster of particles; 113-a third cluster of particles; 2-non-uniform sound field.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A non-uniform sound field testing method for the main particle size of wide-screening particles comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the signal generator with signal output and power amplification function and the loudspeaker of the non-uniform sound field generating device are connected into an electric loop by wires. The non-uniform sound field generating device is provided with a sealed cavity, and the loudspeakers at two ends of the non-uniform sound field generating device can generate a non-uniform sound field in the cavity.
The second step: by adjusting the output frequency and voltage amplitude of the signal generator, the output sound pressure and frequency of the loudspeaker are changed, and the method comprises the following steps: the output sound pressure is changed but the frequency is not changed, the output sound pressure is changed and the frequency is changed, thereby generating the non-uniform sound field 2 having a specific sound pressure intensity and frequency similar to the standing wave in the non-uniform sound field generating apparatus, wherein the value of the sound pressure intensity is more than 0Pa and less than 1000Pa.
The third step: wide sized particles 1 having different particle sizes are put into a non-uniform sound field 2 generated in a non-uniform sound field generating apparatus.
The fourth step: the wide-screening particles 1 are suspended, migrated, dispersed, agglomerated and settled in a non-uniform sound field with certain frequency and sound pressure intensity to form a plurality of particle cluster stripes 11.
Further, the particle cluster streaks 11 are photographed by a camera or a camera with a microscope function.
Further, for the shot particle cluster stripe 11 picture, the distance between a plurality of adjacent particle cluster stripes is counted, measured and calculated, and the distance between the adjacent particle cluster stripes is the distance between the central lines of the adjacent particle clusters.
The fifth step: calculating the particle diameter d of the particles by a particle cluster stripe formula under the condition of certain particle properties and sound field parameters p (ii) a Wherein, a particle cluster stripe formula can be expressed as:
in the formula D es Representing the adjacent fringe spacing of the measured cluster fringes; d p Represents the particle size of the particles constituting the cluster grain; ρ is a unit of a gradient a And ρ p Respectively representing the density of a main flow gas medium and particles in a non-uniform sound field; beta is a a And beta p Respectively representing non-uniform sound fieldsCompressibility of the medium and particles of the mainstream gas; k =2 pi f/c denotes wave number, and f and c denote frequency and sound velocity of the non-uniform sound field, respectively.
Furthermore, a plurality of distance parameters of a plurality of adjacent particle cluster stripes are utilized to calculate a plurality of corresponding particle size parameters, namely the particle size of the wide-screening particles with more number of particles.
And a sixth step: and changing the output frequency and the voltage amplitude of the signal generator, and repeating the second step to the fifth step for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of data combined by frequency, particle size and stripe spacing, wherein the frequency can be the output frequency of the signal generator, the output frequency of a loudspeaker or the frequency of a sound field.
The seventh step: using the particle cluster stripe formula to calculate the particle diameter d p As abscissa, distance D between adjacent stripes es And (3) drawing a two-dimensional linear chart with the vertical and horizontal coordinate axes in a logarithmic coordinate system form as a vertical coordinate under different frequency conditions selected in the sixth step to obtain a plurality of particle size-fringe spacing-frequency change data lines, wherein the particle size and the fringe spacing under the same frequency satisfy a primary curve relationship, namely:
the eighth step: and drawing a plurality of groups of frequency, particle size and stripe spacing data combinations obtained by experimental test calculation in the sixth step into the two-dimensional graph in the seventh step, further removing data combinations obviously not on particle size-stripe spacing-frequency change data lines in the two-dimensional graph in the experimental data combinations, and obtaining correct data combinations according to the screening method.
Further, screening out data combinations with similar particle size values by taking the similar particle size values but different frequencies and stripe intervals as judgment standards, and taking the average value of different particle sizes with similar values as the main particle size of the wide screening particles; in a certain range of the particle size around the main particle size, the ratio of the number of the particles corresponding to the main particle size is the maximum value of the ratio of the number of the particles corresponding to the particle size in the range, i.e. the number of the particles corresponding to the main particle size is relatively more than that of the particles corresponding to other particle sizes in the range.
The ninth step: the primary particle size of the wide sized particles 1 includes a plurality of primary particle sizes obtained in the eighth step.
In addition, the source of the wide sieving particles 1 is combustion source suspended particles in gas-liquid two-phase flow, gas-solid two-phase flow or gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow, or pulverized coal ground by a coal mill, or dust collected by a dust remover, or particles in smoke generated by combustion, or air suspended particles in the atmospheric environment.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for forming cluster stripes by using particles under the control of a non-uniform sound field in the invention. A large number of wide-sized particles 1 form a first particle group 111, a second particle group 112 and a third particle group 113 under the action of a non-uniform sound field 2 with specific frequency and sound pressure intensity, different particle groups jointly form particle group stripes, and the stripe interval is D es 。
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional line chart of the variation curve of particle size, fringe spacing and frequency in the present invention. Wherein the experimental wide-screening particle source is coke particles, beta, generated by combustion of rice hulls p ＝1.99×10 -5 Pa -1 ，β a ＝7.15×10 -6 Pa -1 ，ρ p ＝164kg/m 3 ，ρ a ＝1.21kg/m 3 C =340m/s, f =0.191kHz, the frequencies of the non-uniform sound field include 0.12kHz, 0.191kHz, 0.2kHz, 0.8kHz, 1.3kHz, 0.82kHz, 0.83kHz, 1.9kHz, and the experimentally obtained fringe spacing includes: 8mm, 16.7mm and 21.5mm at a frequency of 0.12 kHz; 6.4mm, 16.7mm, 21.5mm and 38mm at a frequency of 0.191 kHz; 3.25mm, 6.4mm, 8mm at a frequency of 0.8 kHz; 2.5mm, 6.4mm and 8mm at a frequency of 1.3 kHz; frequency of 3.25mm at 0.82 kHz.
In conjunction with the two-dimensional graph method described above, it can be seen that the major particle size dimensions of the wide-sized particles include 22 μm (corresponding to experimental fringe spacing of 2.5mm (1.3 kHz), 3.25mm (0.82 kHz), 6.4mm (0.191 kHz), 8mm (0.12 kHz)), 0.1mm (corresponding to experimental fringe spacing of 6.4mm (0.8 kHz), 16.7mm (0.12 kHz)), 0.15mm (corresponding to particle size spacing of 6.4mm (1.3 kHz), 8mm (0.8 kHz), 16.7mm (0.191 kHz), 21.5mm (0.12 kHz)), 0.25mm (corresponding to experimental fringe spacing of 8mm (1.3 kHz), 21.5mm (0.191 kHz)), and 0.84mm (corresponding to experimental fringe spacing of 38mm (0.191 kHz)).
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A non-uniform sound field testing method for the main particle size of wide-screening particles is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: connecting a signal generator with a signal output and a power amplification function and a loudspeaker in the non-uniform sound field generating device into an electric loop by using a lead;
the second step is that: changing the output sound pressure and frequency of a loudspeaker in the non-uniform sound field generating device by adjusting the output frequency and voltage amplitude of the signal generator, and generating a non-uniform sound field (2) with specific sound pressure intensity and frequency similar to standing waves in the non-uniform sound field generating device;
the third step: introducing wide screened particles (1) with different particle sizes into a non-uniform sound field (2) generated in a non-uniform sound field generating device;
the fourth step: suspending, transferring, gathering and dispersing, agglomerating and settling wide-screened particles (1) in a non-uniform sound field to form a plurality of particle cluster stripes (11);
shooting the particle cluster stripes (11) by a camera or a camera with a microscope function;
counting, measuring and calculating the distance between a plurality of adjacent particle cluster stripes (11) according to the shot particle cluster stripe (11) picture;
the fifth step: calculating the particle diameter d of the particles by a particle cluster stripe formula under the condition of certain particle properties and sound field parameters p (ii) a Wherein, a particle cluster stripe formula can be expressed as:
in the formula D es Representing the adjacent fringe spacing of the measured cluster fringes; d p Represents the particle size of the particles constituting the cluster grain; rho a And ρ p Respectively representing the density of a main flow gas medium and particles in a non-uniform sound field; beta is a beta a And beta p Respectively representing the compressibility of a mainstream gaseous medium and particles in a non-uniform sound field; k =2 π f/c represents the wave number, f and c represent the frequency and the sound velocity, respectively, of the non-uniform sound field (2);
calculating corresponding different particle diameters, namely the particle diameters with a large number of particles in the wide-screening particles, by using different spacing parameters of different adjacent particle cluster stripes (11);
and a sixth step: changing the output frequency and voltage amplitude of the signal generator, repeating the second step to the fifth step for more than one time to obtain a plurality of groups of data combinations of frequency, particle size and stripe spacing;
the seventh step: using the particle cluster stripe formula to calculate the particle diameter d p As abscissa, distance D between adjacent stripes es Drawing a two-dimensional linear chart with the vertical and horizontal coordinate axes in a logarithmic coordinate system form under different frequency conditions selected in the sixth step to obtain a plurality of particle size-stripe spacing-frequency change data lines;
eighth step: drawing the frequency, particle size and stripe spacing data combination obtained by experimental test and calculation in the sixth step into the two-dimensional graph in the seventh step, removing the data combination which is not on the particle size-stripe spacing-frequency change data line in the two-dimensional graph in the data combination, and obtaining the correct data combination according to the screening method;
screening out data combinations with similar particle sizes by taking the similar particle size values but different frequencies and stripe intervals as judgment standards, and taking the average values of different particle sizes with similar values as the main particle sizes of the wide-screening particles; the standard of the approximate particle size value is that for a certain particle size value range interval surrounding the main particle size, the number proportion of the particles corresponding to the main particle size value is the maximum value of the number proportion of the particles corresponding to other particle sizes in the interval, namely, the number proportion of the particles corresponding to the main particle size value is more;
the ninth step: the primary particle size of the broad sieving particles comprises a plurality of primary particle sizes obtained in the eighth step.
2. The non-uniform acoustic field testing method for the primary particle size of wide-screened particles as claimed in claim 1, comprising: the source of the wide-screening particles (1) is combustion source suspended particles in gas-liquid two-phase flow, gas-solid two-phase flow or gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow, or pulverized coal ground by a coal mill, or dust collected by a dust remover, or particles in smoke generated by combustion, or air suspended particles in the atmospheric environment.
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Application publication date: 20210309 Assignee: Nanjing Geruns Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: NANJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980035202 Denomination of invention: A non-uniform sound field testing method for the main particle size of wide sieved particles Granted publication date: 20221118 License type: Common License Record date: 20230505 |