CN112440027B - Aluminum-based composite material welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based composite material welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
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- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, which comprises a base alloy and a nano reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 15.0 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 3.0 percent of Cu, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is nano particles, nano wires, nano tubes or nano fibers, and the nano reinforcing phase is made of ceramics, intermetallic compounds or metals. According to the invention, through reasonably designing the components of the aluminum alloy welding wire and introducing the nano particles, the aluminum alloy welding wire is used for electric arc additive manufacturing, and the printed part can obtain better mechanical property without heat treatment, so that the application of the electric arc additive manufacturing technology in the field of aluminum alloy is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal materials, additive manufacturing materials and material preparation.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, specific stiffness, fatigue strength, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, is a preferred material for realizing light structure, and has wide application in the fields of aerospace, automobile traffic and the like. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a new manufacturing technique that cuts a part digital model using software and builds up a material layer by layer from a two-dimensional profile according to the cut information to manufacture a three-dimensional solid part. The technology has wide application prospect in the manufacturing of aluminum alloy parts and components, and is widely concerned. Based on different working principles and heat source types, additive manufacturing technologies mainly include laser additive manufacturing technologies, electron beam additive manufacturing technologies, ultrasonic additive manufacturing technologies, electric arc additive manufacturing technologies, and the like. The electric arc additive manufacturing is an additive manufacturing technology using electric arc as an energy-carrying beam, and metal parts are formed by stacking and melting wire materials layer by using gas metal arc welding, tungsten gas shielded welding or plasma arc welding and the like as heat sources. Compared with other additive manufacturing technologies, the arc additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high deposition efficiency, large molding size and low price, and is more suitable for printing large-scale components.
However, the types of aluminum alloy welding wires currently available for arc additive manufacturing are limited, and after the existing aluminum alloy welding wires are manufactured into products through arc additive manufacturing, the mechanical properties of printed parts are poor (such as 5xxx series aluminum alloy welding wires) or the mechanical properties of the printed parts need to be improved through heat treatment (such as 2xxx series aluminum alloy welding wires). This severely limited the application of arc additive manufacturing techniques to the manufacture of large aluminum alloy components, which tend to be difficult to heat treat globally.
Jiang Haizao et al (the influence of annealing temperature on the arc additive manufacturing structure and mechanical property of 5B06 aluminum alloy) used a 5B06 aluminum alloy welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm for arc additive manufacturing, and tested the mechanical property of a printed sample, and the result shows that the strength of the printed sample is lower, the yield strength is only 220MPa, and the tensile strength is only 315 MPa.
Patent CN110340565A (an aluminum-silicon-based welding wire for arc additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof) develops an aluminum-silicon-based welding wire, and the final tensile property of a sample prepared by the welding wire by using an arc additive manufacturing technology can reach: the yield strength is more than 280MPa, the tensile strength is more than 350MPa, and the elongation is more than 16 percent. However, the arc additive manufacturing product manufactured by the welding wire needs to be processed by T6 to achieve the mechanical property.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the aluminum-based composite material welding wire for the electric arc additive manufacturing and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an aluminum-based composite welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, the composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nanometer reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 15.0 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 3.0 percent of Cu0, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is nano particles, nano wires, nano tubes or nano fibers, and the nano reinforcing phase is made of ceramics, intermetallic compounds or metals.
In a preferred embodiment of the composite material of the present invention, the ceramic is at least one of an oxide ceramic and a non-oxide ceramic, and the non-oxide ceramic is at least one of a carbide ceramic, a nitride ceramic, a boride ceramic, a silicide ceramic, and a carbonitride ceramic.
As a preferred embodiment of the composite material welding wire of the present invention, the intermetallic compound is Al3At least one of Ti, FeAl and AlNi.
In a preferred embodiment of the composite welding wire of the present invention, the metal is at least one of titanium and nickel.
In a preferred embodiment of the composite welding wire of the present invention, the nano reinforcing phase is present in an amount of 10% by mass or less in the composite welding wire.
As a preferred embodiment of the composite material welding wire, the size of the nanometer reinforcing phase is 30-300 nm. When the nanoreinforcing phase is in the form of particles, the shape thereof is not strictly limited and may be spherical or non-spherical. For non-spherical reinforcing phases, the dimensions generally refer to the diameter of the largest cross-section. When the nanoreinforcement phase is in a one-dimensional form, such as a nanotube, nanowire or nanofiber, the dimensions of the nanoreinforcement phase are radial dimensions.
As a preferred embodiment of the composite welding wire of the present invention, the nano reinforcing phase is uniformly distributed in the base alloy.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the composite material welding wire, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an ingot: melting pure aluminum, and adding a mixture of salt and a nano reinforcing phase; when the salt is molten, mechanically stirring the melt; standing after stirring is completed, and then removing molten salt and impurities on the upper layer of the melt; sequentially adding pure Cu, pure Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into the melt, and adding a refining agent for degassing and refining; casting the melt obtained by refining into a cast ingot;
(2) homogenizing cast ingots: homogenizing the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain a casting blank;
(3) and (3) casting blank extrusion: carrying out extrusion deformation on the casting blank obtained in the step (2) to prepare a wire blank;
(4) wire blank drawing: performing multi-pass wire drawing on the wire blank obtained in the step (3) to prepare wire materials with corresponding specifications;
(5) peeling the wire material: and (4) peeling the wire obtained in the step (4), removing an oxide film and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite material welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing.
As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method, in the step (1), the melting temperature is 700-900 ℃, the standing time is 10-20 min, the mechanical stirring speed is 100-500 rpm, and the mechanical stirring time is 10-60 min; in the step (2), the homogenization treatment temperature is 430-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12-24 h; in the step (3), the extrusion temperature is 430-450 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 50-80; in the step (4), after 3-4 times of wire drawing, stress relief annealing is performed once, the annealing temperature is 200-350 ℃, and the annealing time is 0.5-3 hours; in the step (5), the diameter of the aluminum-based composite material welding wire is 0.8-2.4 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, in the step (1), the salt is at least one of chloride, fluoride and oxygen-containing compound, the volume fraction of the nanoreinforcement phase in the mixture of the salt and the nanoreinforcement phase is 3% to 20%, and the refining agent is MgCl2And KCl.
Preferably, the chloride is LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2At least one of, the fluoride is CaF2、KF、NaF、MgF2、BaF2At least one of, the oxygen-containing compound is Na2B4O7、NaNO3、Na2CO3At least one of (1).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, a plurality of alloy elements with remarkable solid solution strengthening effect, including Mg, Cu and Mn, are compositely added into aluminum, and the elements are still mainly dissolved in an aluminum matrix after additive manufacturing by controlling the content of various elements, so that the solid solution strengthening effect of the alloy elements is exerted to the maximum extent;
(2) according to the invention, nano reinforcing phases are introduced into an aluminum alloy matrix, and the nano reinforcing phases can be directly used as reinforcing phases to reinforce the alloy and can also inhibit the formation of dendrites and the growth of crystal grains in the solidification process, so that a fine isometric crystal structure is formed in a printed product; in addition, the nano phase can also refine the inevitable second phase in the alloy, and the factors are favorable for improving the strength and the plasticity of the material increase manufactured product;
(3) the method for introducing the nano reinforcing phase is a molten salt auxiliary method, the nano reinforcing phase introduced by the method is uniformly distributed in the matrix, and the size uniformity of the nano reinforcing phase is good, so that the effect of the nano reinforcing phase is fully exerted;
(4) when the aluminum-based composite material welding wire provided by the invention is applied to electric arc additive manufacturing, the printed product can enable the yield strength of an additive manufacturing part to be higher than 300MPa and the tensile strength to be higher than 350MPa without heat treatment. (ii) a
(5) The aluminum-based composite material welding wire provided by the invention is particularly suitable for arc additive manufacturing of large-scale components.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
An aluminum-based composite welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, the composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nanometer reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5% of Mg, 1.4% of Cu, 0.8% of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is TiB2The particle size is 50-150 nm, and the mass fraction of the particles in the composite material is 1.5%.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material welding wire comprises the following steps: according to the composition of the base alloy and TiB2Pure Al, pure Mg, pure Cu, Al-Mn master alloy and TiB required for calculating mass fraction of particles2The mass of the particles. Melting pure Al at 800 deg.C, and adding TiB2Mixture of particles and salt, wherein the composition of the salt is MgF2 27wt.％、CaF221 wt.% and BaF252 wt.%. When the salt had melted, the melt was mechanically stirred at 250rpm for 20 min. After stirring, standing for 10min, and removing the molten salt and impurities on the upper layer of the melt. Adding weighed pure Cu, pure Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into the melt in sequence, and then adding MgCl2And (6) degassing and refining by using a KCl refining agent, and casting the melt obtained by refining into an ingot. Homogenizing the cast ingot at 450 deg.C for 16 h. And extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a wire blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 60. And (3) carrying out 9-pass wire drawing on the wire blank, and carrying out once stress relief annealing after 3-pass wire drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃ and the time is 2 h. Finally, the wire after wire drawing is carried outAnd (4) peeling to prepare the welding wire with the diameter of 1.6mm, namely the aluminum matrix composite welding wire.
Example 2
An aluminum-based composite welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, the composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nanometer reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5% of Mg, 1.8% of Cu, 0.8% of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is TiC particles, the size of the TiC particles is 40-200 nm, and the mass fraction of the TiC particles in the composite material is 1.0%.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material welding wire comprises the following steps: and calculating the mass of the pure Al, the pure Mg, the pure Cu, the Al-Mn intermediate alloy and the TiC particles according to the components of the matrix alloy and the mass fraction of the TiC particles. Pure Al is melted at a temperature of 700 ℃ and then a mixture of TiC particles and salt is added, wherein the composition of the salt is KCl 54 wt.%, NaCl 12 wt.% and NaF 4 wt.%, CaCl230 wt.%. When the salt had melted, the melt was mechanically stirred at 300rpm for 15 min. After stirring, standing for 15min, and then removing the molten salt and impurities on the upper layer of the melt. Adding weighed pure Cu, pure Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into the melt in sequence, and then adding MgCl2And (6) degassing and refining by using a KCl refining agent, and casting the melt obtained by refining into an ingot. Homogenizing the cast ingot at 450 deg.C for 16 h. And extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a wire blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 60. And (3) carrying out 9-pass wire drawing on the wire blank, and carrying out once stress relief annealing after 3-pass wire drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃ and the time is 2 h. And finally, peeling the wire rod after drawing to prepare the welding wire with the diameter of 1.6mm, namely the aluminum matrix composite welding wire.
Example 3
An aluminum-based composite welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, the composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nanometer reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.0% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 1.0% of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is TiC particles, the size of the TiC particles is 40-200 nm, and the mass fraction of the TiC particles in the composite material is 1.0%.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material welding wire comprises the following steps: and calculating the mass of the pure Al, the pure Mg, the pure Cu, the Al-Mn intermediate alloy and the TiC particles according to the components of the matrix alloy and the mass fraction of the TiC particles. Pure Al is melted at a temperature of 720 ℃ and then a mixture of TiC particles and salt is added, wherein the composition of the salt is KCl 54 wt.%, NaCl 12 wt.% and NaF 4 wt.%, CaCl230 wt.%. When the salt had melted, the melt was mechanically stirred at 300rpm for 15 min. After stirring, standing for 15min, and then removing the molten salt and impurities on the upper layer of the melt. Adding weighed pure Cu, pure Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into the melt in sequence, and then adding MgCl2And (6) degassing and refining by using a KCl refining agent, and casting the melt obtained by refining into an ingot. Homogenizing the cast ingot at 450 deg.C for 16 h. And extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a wire blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 60. And (3) carrying out 9-pass wire drawing on the wire blank, and carrying out once stress relief annealing after 3-pass wire drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃ and the time is 2 h. And finally, peeling the wire rod after drawing to prepare the welding wire with the diameter of 1.6mm, namely the aluminum matrix composite welding wire.
Example 4
An aluminum-based composite welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, the composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nanometer reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0% of Mg, 0.2% of Cu, 0.1% of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is TiB2The particle size is 50-150 nm, and the mass fraction of the particles in the composite material is 5.0%.
The preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite welding wire is the same as that of the welding wire in the embodiment 1.
Example 5
An aluminum-based composite welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, the composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nano reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, and the base alloy comprises the following massThe components in percentage are as follows: 15.0% of Mg, 3.0% of Cu, 1.0% of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is TiB2The particle size is 50-150 nm, and the mass fraction of the particles in the composite material is 10.0%.
The preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite welding wire is the same as that of the welding wire in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum-based composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nano reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 percent of Mg, 0.8 percent of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is TiB2The particle size is 50-150 nm, and the mass fraction of the particles in the composite material is 1.5%.
The preparation method of the welding wire of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: according to the composition of the base alloy and TiB2Pure Al, pure Mg, Al-Mn master alloy and TiB required for calculating mass fraction of particles2The mass of the particles. Melting pure Al at 800 deg.C, and adding TiB2Mixture of particles and salt, wherein the composition of the salt is MgF2 27wt.％、CaF221 wt.% and BaF252 wt.%. When the salt had melted, the melt was mechanically stirred at 250rpm for 20 min. After stirring, standing for 10min, and removing the molten salt and impurities on the upper layer of the melt. Adding weighed pure Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into the melt in sequence, and then adding MgCl2And (6) degassing and refining by using a KCl refining agent, and casting the melt obtained by refining into an ingot. Homogenizing the cast ingot at 450 deg.C for 16 h. And extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a wire blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 60. And (3) carrying out 9-pass wire drawing on the wire blank, and carrying out once stress relief annealing after 3-pass wire drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃ and the time is 2 h. And finally, peeling the wire rod after drawing to prepare the welding wire with the diameter of 1.6mm, namely the aluminum matrix composite welding wire.
Comparative example 2
The aluminum-based composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nano reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5% of Mg, 1.8% of Cu and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is TiC particles, the size of the TiC particles is 40-200 nm, and the mass fraction of the TiC particles in the composite material is 1.0%.
The preparation method of the welding wire of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: and calculating the mass of the pure Al, the pure Mg, the pure Cu and the TiC particles according to the components of the matrix alloy and the mass fraction of the TiC particles. Pure Al is melted at a temperature of 700 ℃ and then a mixture of TiC particles and salt is added, wherein the composition of the salt is KCl 54 wt.%, NaCl 12 wt.% and NaF 4 wt.%, CaCl230 wt.%. When the salt had melted, the melt was mechanically stirred at 300rpm for 15 min. After stirring, standing for 15min, and then removing the molten salt and impurities on the upper layer of the melt. Adding weighed pure Cu and pure Mg into the melt in sequence, and then adding MgCl2And (6) degassing and refining by using a KCl refining agent, and casting the melt obtained by refining into an ingot. Homogenizing the cast ingot at 450 deg.C for 16 h. And extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a wire blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 60. And (3) carrying out 9-pass wire drawing on the wire blank, and carrying out once stress relief annealing after 3-pass wire drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃ and the time is 2 h. And finally, peeling the wire rod after drawing to prepare the welding wire with the diameter of 1.6mm, namely the aluminum matrix composite welding wire.
Comparative example 3
The aluminum-based composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nano reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.0% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 1.0% of Mn and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the welding wire of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: the mass of pure Al, pure Mg, pure Cu and Al-Mn master alloy required is calculated according to the components of the alloy. Melting pure Al at 720 ℃, then adding weighed pure Cu, pure Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into the melt in sequence, and then adding MgCl2+ KCl refining agent to perform degassing refining, and casting the melt obtained by refiningAnd forming an ingot. Homogenizing the cast ingot at 450 deg.C for 16 h. And extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a wire blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 60. And (3) carrying out 9-pass wire drawing on the wire blank, and carrying out once stress relief annealing after 3-pass wire drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃ and the time is 2 h. And finally, peeling the wire rod after drawing to prepare the welding wire with the diameter of 1.6mm, namely the aluminum matrix composite welding wire.
Examples of effects
The aluminum-based composite material welding wires prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to arc additive manufacturing using an MIG welding heat source, and tensile properties of the manufactured samples were tested, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, in the embodiments 1 to 5, the aluminum matrix composite welding wire prepared by the method has good yield strength, tensile strength and elongation after additive manufacturing. Compared with the embodiment 1, the base alloy does not contain Cu, and the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation of the prepared aluminum-based composite material welding wire after additive manufacturing are inferior to those of the embodiment 1; comparative example 2 compared with example 2, the base alloy does not contain Mn, and the yield strength and tensile strength of the prepared aluminum-based composite material welding wire after additive manufacturing are inferior to those of example 2; comparative example 3 compared with example 3, the flux-cored wire is prepared without adopting a molten salt auxiliary method, and the yield strength and the tensile strength of the prepared aluminum-based composite material flux-cored wire after additive manufacturing are inferior to those of the flux-cored wire in example 3.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite welding wire for the electric arc additive manufacturing is characterized in that the composite welding wire comprises a base alloy and a nanometer reinforcing phase distributed in the base alloy, wherein the base alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0-15.0% of Mg, 0.2-3.0% of Cu, 0.1-1.0% of Mn and the balance of Al; the nano reinforcing phase is nano particles, nano wires, nano tubes or nano fibers, and the nano reinforcing phase is made of ceramics, intermetallic compounds or metals;
the preparation method of the composite material welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an ingot: melting pure aluminum, and adding a mixture of salt and a nano reinforcing phase; after the salt is melted at 700-900 ℃, mechanically stirring the melt at the mechanical stirring speed of 100-500 rpm for 10-60 min; standing for 10-20 min after stirring, and then removing molten salt and impurities on the upper layer of the melt; sequentially adding pure Cu, pure Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into the melt, and adding a refining agent for degassing and refining; casting the melt obtained by refining into a cast ingot;
(2) homogenizing cast ingots: homogenizing the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain a casting blank;
(3) and (3) casting blank extrusion: extruding and deforming the casting blank obtained in the step (2) to prepare a wire blank, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430-450 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 50-80;
(4) wire blank drawing: performing multi-pass wire drawing on the wire blank obtained in the step (3) to prepare wire materials with corresponding specifications, wherein once stress relief annealing is performed after 3-4 times of wire drawing, and the annealing temperature is 200-350 ℃;
(5) peeling the wire material: and (4) peeling the wire obtained in the step (4), removing an oxide film and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite material welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic is at least one of an oxide ceramic and a non-oxide ceramic, and the non-oxide ceramic is at least one of a carbide ceramic, a nitride ceramic, a boride ceramic, a silicide ceramic, and a carbonitride ceramic.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic compound is Al3At least one of Ti, FeAl and AlNi.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal is at least one of titanium and nickel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoreinforcement phase is present in the composite material at a mass fraction of 10% or less.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nanoreinforcement phase has a size of 30 to 300 nm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoreinforcement phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix alloy.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 430-480 ℃, and the holding time is 12-24 h; in the step (4), the annealing time is 0.5-3 h; in the step (5), the diameter of the aluminum-based composite material welding wire is 0.8-2.4 mm.
9. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the salt is at least one of chloride, fluoride and oxygen-containing compound, the volume fraction of the nano reinforcing phase in the mixture of the salt and the nano reinforcing phase is 3-20%, and the refining agent isIs MgCl2And KCl.
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