CN112410304A - 一种基因修饰的外泌体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种基因修饰的外泌体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基因修饰的外泌体及其制备方法和应用,所述外泌体表达具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白;所述具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白包括PD‑L1、PD‑L1‑ITGB1融合蛋白、HLA‑G1或HLA‑G5中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。本发明采用含有免疫调节功能基因的腺相关病毒感染间充质干细胞,从间充质干细胞培养上清中分离纯化得到表达PD‑L1、PD‑L1‑ITGB1、HLA‑G1或HLA‑G5的外泌体,所述外泌体具有与间充质干细胞相似的免疫调节功能,对特异性抗原活化的T细胞具有显著的抑制作用,或诱导免疫细胞产生特异性免疫耐受,有效克服了间充质干细胞治疗的缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程和生物工程技术领域,涉及一种基因修饰的外泌体及其制备方法和应用,尤其涉及一种间充质干细胞来源的基因修饰的外泌体及其制备方法和在制备免疫排斥疾病预防药物和/或治疗药物中的应用。
背景技术
间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)是一种多能干细胞,能够分化为多种细胞,如心肌细胞、脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞和神经细胞等。临床上间充质干细胞主要来源于骨髓和婴儿脐带。在正常生理状态下,间充质干细胞经过外周血循环到达身体的损伤部位,经局部环境诱导分化成为组织细胞,达到修复组织损伤的目的。间充质干细胞还具有强大的免疫调节功能,目前已在临床上应用于预防和治疗造血干细胞移植过程中的移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD)。研究发现,间充质干细胞主要通过分泌免疫抑制性细胞因子、抑制免疫细胞接触等方式来调节免疫反应。另有研究发现,间充质干细胞与糖皮质激素共用会降低糖皮质激素对免疫反应的抑制作用,因此,间充质干细胞的主要功能是免疫调节而不是单纯的免疫抑制。
移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)是一种常见的同种异基因干细胞移植并发症,其发生机制是:供者干细胞中的T细胞识别受者蛋白并且将其认为外来抗原,启动移植物抗宿主反应。GVHD的发生曾经被认为需要以下三个条件:移植物中含有免疫活性的细胞;受者的免疫系统被破坏,对移植物无反应;受者有供者不表达的抗原。然而,根据目前对GVHD的认识,即使供者和受者的HLA完全匹配,GVHD也会发生。当GVHD发生时,供者免疫细胞识别宿主抗原,活化产生大量的炎症因子,改变炎症环境,活化T细胞、NK细胞和巨噬细胞攻击宿主组织,造成组织损伤。GVHD的主要损伤器官包括肝脏、消化道和皮肤等,严重者可危及生命。目前,临床上主要采用向移植后病人输入间充质干细胞的方法,预防和减缓GVHD的症状。
间充质干细胞还可用于治疗炎症相关疾病,如克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease)、帕金森综合症(Parkinson’s Disease)、肝脏移植排斥、肺移植排斥、糖尿病等。虽然上述疾病的发病机制并不相同,但是都有免疫细胞和免疫反应参与其中,间充质干细胞通过发挥免疫调节功能应用于上述疾病的治疗。
根据目前的临床结果,间充质干细胞表现出良好的炎症抑制作用,但是仍然存在不足:(1)间充质干细胞主要来源于婴儿脐带,从脐带分离后进行体外培养,获得的细胞数量有限,限制了大规模临床应用,且不同批次的间充质干细胞的质量和效果存在差异,可控性差;(2)间充质干细胞治疗属于细胞治疗范畴,存在安全性和伦理道德方面的问题。因此,有必要提供新的策略以克服间充质干细胞治疗的缺陷。
外泌体(exosome)是由多种细胞产生的具有生物膜结构的球状复合物,直径约50~150nm,尺寸大于低密度脂蛋白复合物(LDL)。最近的研究发现,外泌体具有细胞信号转导、细胞间物质沟通等功能。乳腺癌细胞会产生大量的外泌体,抑制肿瘤局部环境中免疫细胞的监控和清除能力,特异性诱导免疫细胞向免疫抑制方向转化。另外,肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体能够进入外周血,而外泌体中含有多种用于信号转导和表达调控的microRNA,因此可以通过检测外周血中肿瘤细胞外泌体相关的microRNA的表达水平,进行肿瘤的临床诊断和监控。抗原提呈细胞,如树突状细胞(DC),也会产生外泌体,有些外泌体将携带的抗原提呈给免疫细胞,有些外泌体利用携带的免疫细胞活化信号通过T细胞膜表面受体活化T细胞,有些外泌体通过与靶细胞融合、将携带的调控型microRNA传递至靶细胞,从而达到调控靶细胞的目的。间充质干细胞也能产生大量的外泌体,目前已有报道外泌体的部分功能,但是仍不完善和清晰。外泌体的免疫调节功能较弱,不能直接用于免疫相关疾病的治疗。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足和实际需求,本发明提供了一种基因修饰的外泌体及其制备方法和应用,所述外泌体来源于间充质干细胞,具有与间充质干细胞相似的免疫调节功能。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供了一种基因修饰的外泌体,所述外泌体表达具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白;
所述具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白包括PD-L1、PD-L1-ITGB1、HLA-G1或HLA-G5中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
本发明中,来源于间充质干细胞的外泌体或表达PD-L1、PD-L1-ITGB1、HLA-G1或HLA-G5的外泌体具有与间充质干细胞相似的免疫调节功能,对特异性抗原活化的T细胞具有显著的抑制作用,或诱导免疫细胞产生特异性免疫耐受。
优选地,所述PD-L1包括SEQ ID NO:5所示的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:5具有80%以上同一性、且具有相同或相似生物功能的氨基酸序列;
SEQ ID NO:5:
MRIFAVFIFMTYWHLLNAFTVTVPKDLYVVEYGSNMTIECKFPVEKQLDLAALIVYWEMEDKNIIQFVHGEEDLKVQHSSYRQRARLLKDQLSLGNAALQITDVKLQDAGVYRCMISYGGADYKRITVKVNAPYNKINQRILVVDPVTSEHELTCQAEGYPKAEVIWTSSDHQVLSGKTTTTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNERTHLVILGAILLCLGVALTFIFRLRKGRMMDVKKCGIQDTNSKKQSDTHLEET。
优选地,所述PD-L1-ITGB1包括SEQ ID NO:6所示的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:6具有80%以上同一性、且具有相同或相似生物功能的氨基酸序列;
SEQ ID NO:6:
MNLQPIFWIGLISSVCCVFASFTVTVPKDLYVVEYGSNMTIECKFPVEKQLDLAALIVYWEMEDKNIIQFVHGEEDLKVQHSSYRQRARLLKDQLSLGNAALQITDVKLQDAGVYRCMISYGGADYKRITVKVNAPYNKINQRILVVDPVTSEHELTCQAEGYPKAEVIWTSSDHQVLSGKTTTTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNERGGGGSGGGGSVDIIPIVAGVVAGIVLIGLALLLIWKLLMIIHDRR。
本发明中,PD-L1-ITGB1为将ITGB1的膜外区域替换为PD-L1的膜外区域、并在序列尾部加上6×his tag获得的重组蛋白。
优选地,所述HLA-G1包括SEQ ID NO:7所示的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:7具有80%以上同一性、且具有相同或相似生物功能的氨基酸序列;
SEQ ID NO:7:
MVVMAPRTLFLLLSGALTLTETWAGSHSMRYFSAAVSRPSRGEPRFIAMGYVDDTQFVRFDSDSACPRMEPRAPWVEREGPEYWEEETRNTKAHAQTDRMNLQTLRGYYNQSEASSHTLQWMIGCDLGSDGRLLRGYEQYAYDGKDYLALNEDLRSWTAADTAAQISKRKCEAANVAEQRRAYLEGTCVEWLHRYLENGKEMLQRADPPKTHVTHHPVFDYEATLRCWALGFYPAEIILTWQRDGEDQTQDVELVETKPAGDGTFQKWAAVVVPSGEEQRYTCHVQHEGLPEPLMLRWKQSSLPTIPIMGIVAGLVVLAAVVTGAAVAAVLWRKKSSD。
优选地,所述HLA-G5包括SEQ ID NO:8所示的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:8具有80%以上同一性、且具有相同或相似生物功能的氨基酸序列;
SEQ ID NO:8:
MVVMAPRTLFLLLSGALTLTETWAGSHSMRYFSAAVSRPSRGEPRFIAMGYVDDTQFVRFDSDSACPRMEPRAPWVEREGPEYWEEETRNTKAHAQTDRMNLQTLRGYYNQSEASSHTLQWMIGCDLGSDGRLLRGYEQYAYDGKDYLALNEDLRSWTAADTAAQISKRKCEAANVAEQRRAYLEGTCVEWLHRYLENGKEMLQRADPPKTHVTHHPVFDYEATLRCWALGFYPAEIILTWQRDGEDQTQDVELVETKPAGDGTFQKWAAVVVPSGEEQRYTCHVQHEGLPEPLMLRWKQSSLPTIPIMGIVAGLVVLAAVVLERPNKELRCIDQSVLVFCVTRRNP。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种表达载体,所述表达载体为含有具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白的编码基因的腺相关病毒载体。
优选地,所述表达载体包括编码PD-L1的核酸分子、编码PD-L1-ITGB1的核酸分子、编码HLA-G1的核酸分子或编码HLA-G5的核酸分子。
优选地,所述编码PD-L1的核酸分子包括SEQ ID NO:1所示的核酸序列,编码SEQID NO:5所示的PD-L1;
SEQ ID NO:1:
atgaggatatttgctgtctttatattcatgacctactggcatttgctgaacgcatttactgtcacggttcccaaggacctatatgtggtagagtatggtagcaatatgacaattgaatgcaaattcccagtagaaaaacaattagacctggctgcactaattgtctattgggaaatggaggataagaacattattcaatttgtgcatggagaggaagacctgaaggttcagcatagtagctacagacagagggcccggctgttgaaggaccagctctccctgggaaatgctgcacttcagatcacagatgtgaaattgcaggatgcaggggtgtaccgctgcatgatcagctatggtggtgccgactacaagcgaattactgtgaaagtcaatgccccatacaacaaaatcaaccaaagaattttggttgtggatccagtcacctctgaacatgaactgacatgtcaggctgagggctaccccaaggccgaagtcatctggacaagcagtgaccatcaagtcctgagtggtaagaccaccaccaccaattccaagagagaggagaagcttttcaatgtgaccagcacactgagaatcaacacaacaactaatgagattttctactgcacttttaggagattagatcctgaggaaaaccatacagctgaattggtcatcccagaactacctctggcacatcctccaaatgaaaggactcacttggtaattctgggagccatcttattatgccttggtgtagcactgacattcatcttccgtttaagaaaagggagaatgatggatgtgaaaaaatgtggcatccaagatacaaactcaaagaagcaaagtgatacacatttggaggagacgtaa。
优选地,所述编码PD-L1-ITGB1的核酸分子包括SEQ ID NO:2所示的核酸序列,编码SEQ ID NO:6所示的PD-L1-ITGB1;
SEQ ID NO:2:
atgaatttacaaccaattttctggattggactgatcagttcagtttgctgtgtgtttgctagctttactgtcacggttcccaaggacctatatgtggtagagtatggtagcaatatgacaattgaatgcaaattcccagtagaaaaacaattagacctggctgcactaattgtctattgggaaatggaggataagaacattattcaatttgtgcatggagaggaagacctgaaggttcagcatagtagctacagacagagggcccggctgttgaaggaccagctctccctgggaaatgctgcacttcagatcacagatgtgaaattgcaggatgcaggggtgtaccgctgcatgatcagctatggtggtgccgactacaagcgaattactgtgaaagtcaatgccccatacaacaaaatcaaccaaagaattttggttgtggatccagtcacctctgaacatgaactgacatgtcaggctgagggctaccccaaggccgaagtcatctggacaagcagtgaccatcaagtcctgagtggtaagaccaccaccaccaattccaagagagaggagaagcttttcaatgtgaccagcacactgagaatcaacacaacaactaatgagattttctactgcacttttaggagattagatcctgaggaaaaccatacagctgaattggtcatcccagaactacctctggcacatcctccaaatgaaaggggaggcggtggctctggtggaggcggatctgtcgacatcattccaattgtagctggtgtggttgctggaattgttcttattggccttgcattactgctgatatggaagcttttaatgataattcatgacagaaggtga。
优选地,所述编码HLA-G1的核酸分子包括SEQ ID NO:3所示的核酸序列,编码SEQID NO:7所示的HLA-G1;
SEQ ID NO:3:
atggtcgtgatggctcctcgcacactgttcctgctgctgtctggggctctgacactgactgaaacttgggctggatcacactcaatgagatacttcagcgccgccgtgagcaggccatcccgcggcgagcccaggtttatcgctatgggctatgtggacgatacccagttcgtgcgctttgactccgattctgcctgccctaggatggagcctcgcgccccctgggtggagagggagggcccagagtactgggaggaggagacccgcaacacaaaggcccacgcccagaccgaccggatgaacctgcagacactgagaggctactataatcagtccgaggccagctcccacaccctgcagtggatgatcggctgtgacctgggctctgatggccggctgctgagaggctacgagcagtacgcctatgacggcaaggattatctggccctgaatgaggacctgcggtcttggaccgcagcagatacagcagcccagatcagcaagagaaagtgcgaggcagcaaacgtggcagagcagaggagagcatacctggagggaacctgcgtggagtggctgcaccggtatctggagaatggcaaggagatgctgcagagagccgacccccctaagacccacgtgacacaccacccagtgttcgattacgaggccacactgaggtgctgggcactgggcttttatcctgccgagatcatcctgacctggcagcgcgacggcgaggatcagacacaggacgtggagctggtggagaccaagccagcaggcgatggcacattccagaagtgggcagcagtggtggtgccttccggagaggagcagcggtatacctgtcacgtgcagcacgagggactgccagagccactgatgctgaggtggaagcagtctagcctgcccacaatccctatcatgggcatcgtggccggcctggtggtgctggccgccgtcgtcactggggcagccgtggcagccgtcctgtggcggaaaaagtcatctgattga。
优选地,所述编码HLA-G5的核酸分子包括SEQ ID NO:4所示的核酸序列,编码SEQID NO:8所示的HLA-G5;
SEQ ID NO:4:
atggtcgtgatggctcctcgcacactgttcctgctgctgtctggggctctgacactgactgaaacttgggctggatcacactcaatgagatacttcagcgccgccgtgagcaggccatcccgcggcgagcccaggtttatcgctatgggctatgtggacgatacccagttcgtgcgctttgactccgattctgcctgccctaggatggagcctcgcgccccctgggtggagagggagggcccagagtactgggaggaggagacccgcaacacaaaggcccacgcccagaccgaccggatgaacctgcagacactgagaggctactataatcagtccgaggccagctcccacaccctgcagtggatgatcggctgtgacctgggctctgatggccggctgctgagaggctacgagcagtacgcctatgacggcaaggattatctggccctgaatgaggacctgcggtcttggaccgcagcagatacagcagcccagatcagcaagagaaagtgcgaggcagcaaacgtggcagagcagaggagagcatacctggagggaacctgcgtggagtggctgcaccggtatctggagaatggcaaggagatgctgcagagagccgacccccctaagacccacgtgacacaccacccagtgttcgattacgaggccacactgaggtgctgggcactgggcttttatcctgccgagatcatcctgacctggcagcgcgacggcgaggatcagacacaggacgtggagctggtggagaccaagccagcaggcgatggcacattccagaagtgggcagcagtggtggtgccttccggagaggagcagcggtatacctgtcacgtgcagcacgagggactgccagagccactgatgctgaggtggaagcagtctagcctgcccacaatccctatcatgggcatcgtggccggcctggtggtgctggccgccgtcgtcctcgagaggcctaataaagagctcagatgcatcgatcagagtgtgttggttttttgtgtgacgcgtaggaacccctag。
优选地,所述腺相关病毒载体包括AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9或AAV10中的任意一种,优选为AAV2或AAV2/YF3。
本发明中,不同亚型的AAV对间充质干细胞都具有一定的感染效率,其中AAV2和AAV2/YF3对间充质干细胞的感染效率最高。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种重组腺相关病毒,所述重组腺相关病毒为转染有第二方面所述的表达载体和辅助质粒的哺乳细胞。
第四方面,本发明提供了一种第三方面所述的重组腺相关病毒的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将第二方面所述的表达载体与辅助质粒和转染试剂共转染哺乳细胞,培养一段时间后进行细胞裂解;
(2)将细胞裂解液加入氯化铯溶液中进行超速离心,收集含有腺相关病毒的氯化铯溶液;
(3)将含有腺相关病毒的氯化铯溶液进行透析处理,得到所述腺相关病毒。
作为优选技术方案,本发明提供了一种包装AAV的方法,包括以下步骤:
将主质粒、包装质粒和转染试剂(PEI)共转染HEK293细胞,48小时后收集细胞;将细胞反复冻融和超声裂解;将裂解液加入一定密度的氯化铯溶液中进行超速离心过夜;收集离心管中不同层次的氯化铯溶液,检测并挑出含有AAV的氯化铯溶液;将含有AAV的氯化铯溶液放入透析袋,并置于PBS中透析,最终获得含有AAV的PBS溶液。AAV的浓度采用实时荧光定量PCR进行检测,AAV的感染效率通过感染Hela细胞,观察基因表达水平和AAV的量之间的关系测得。
第五方面,本发明提供了一种第一方面所述的外泌体的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
采用第三方面所述的重组腺相关病毒感染间充质干细胞,培养一段时间后,收集间充质干细胞的培养上清;
从所述间充质干细胞的培养上清中分离纯化得到所述外泌体。
优选地,所述重组腺相关病毒感染间充质干细胞的MOI为5000~10000。
优选地,所述间充质干细胞的培养基为无血清、无外泌体培养基。
优选地,所述间充质干细胞的培养时间不短于3天,优选为每隔3天收集间充质干细胞的培养上清。
优选地,所述外泌体的分离纯化方法包括超速离心法和/或聚乙二醇沉淀法。
本发明中,超速离心法适用于小量、高浓度、快速分离和纯化外泌体,用作基础研究和小鼠实验;聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀法适用于大量、高效分离和纯化外泌体,用作大型动物实验和临床应用。
作为优选技术方案,本发明提供了一种将目的蛋白特异表达于间充质干细胞来源的外泌体表面的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)设计特异性表达于外泌体表面的重组蛋白基因,包括信号肽、膜外区、跨膜区和膜内区;
(2)将重组蛋白基因整合至pTR-selfcomplementary-CMV(pTR-sc-CMV)质粒中;
(3)包装AAV2-sc病毒;
(4)将AAV病毒按照MOI=10000的比例感染间充干细胞,采用无血清、无外泌体成分的培养基培养间充质干细胞;
(5)每隔3天收集培养上清,采用超速离心法和/或聚乙二醇沉淀法分离纯化外泌体;
(6)流式细胞仪或Western blot检测重组蛋白在外泌体表面的表达情况。
第六方面,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括第一方面所述的外泌体。
优选地,所述药物组合物还包括间充质干细胞。
优选地,所述药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
第七方面,本发明提供了一种第一方面所述的外泌体、第二方面所述的表达载体、第三方面所述的重组腺相关病毒或第六方面所述的药物组合物在制备免疫排斥疾病预防药物和/或治疗药物中的应用。
优选地,所述免疫排斥疾病包括移植物抗宿主病。
第八方面,本发明提供了一种利用外泌体特异性诱导免疫细胞活化的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将OVA蛋白的编码基因整合入pTR-sc-CMV,并包装AAV2-sc腺相关病毒;
(2)使用无血清培养基培养小鼠间充质干细胞(mouse MSC);
(3)采用步骤(1)的腺相关病毒按照MOI=1:10000的比例感染小鼠间充质干细胞,3天后收集细胞培养上清;
(4)从步骤(3)的细胞培养上清中分离纯化外泌体;
(5)取OT-1小鼠的脾脏,分离脾脏T细胞;
(6)将步骤(4)的外泌体与OT-1小鼠脾细胞混合培养;
(7)12小时后,流式细胞仪检测T细胞早期活化信号CD69的表达。
第九方面,本发明提供了一种基因修饰的外泌体特异性诱导免疫细胞对抗原耐受的方法,包括以下步骤(免疫调控分子以PD-L1为例,抗原以OVA蛋白为例):
(1)准备pTR-sc-CMV-OVA和pTR-sc-CMV-PD-L1-ITGB1质粒,PD-L1-ITGB1的编码基因如SEQ ID NO:2所示,并包装AAV2-sc腺相关病毒;
(2)使用无血清培养基培养小鼠间充质干细胞(mouse MSC);
(3)采用步骤(1)的腺相关病毒按照MOI=1:10000的比例感染小鼠间充质干细胞,3天后收集细胞培养上清;
(4)从步骤(3)的细胞培养上清中分离纯化外泌体;
(5)取OT-1小鼠的脾脏,分离脾脏T细胞;
(6)将步骤(4)的外泌体与OT-1小鼠脾细胞混合培养;
(7)每隔2天补加外泌体,共培养7天:
(8)将OVA多肽SIINFEKL加至HEK293/H2kb细胞中,培养过夜,制备抗原提呈细胞;
(9)将处理好的HEK293/H2kb细胞与OT-1脾细胞混合培养;
(10)12小时后,流式细胞仪检测T细胞早期活化信号CD69的表达。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用腺相关病毒感染间充质干细胞,不同亚型的腺相关病毒对间充质干细胞具有较高的感染效率和生物安全性,其中,野生型AAV2和突变型AAV2YF3对间充质干细胞的感染效率最高;
(2)本发明采用含有免疫调节功能基因的腺相关病毒感染间充质干细胞,从间充质干细胞培养上清中分离纯化得到表达具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白的外泌体,所述外泌体具有与间充质干细胞相似的免疫调节功能,对特异性抗原活化的T细胞具有显著的抑制作用,或诱导免疫细胞产生特异性免疫耐受;
(3)本发明的间充质干细胞和/或基因修饰的外泌体在免疫排斥疾病的预防和/或治疗方面具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1A为AAV1/luc、AAV2/Iuc、AAV3/Iuc、AAV6/Iuc、AAV8/luc、AAV9/luc和AAV10/luc对间充质干细胞的感染效率,图1B为AAV2/Iuc和AAV2YF3/luc对间充质干细胞的感染效率;
图2为AAV2-selfcomplementary-GFP和Lentivirus-GFP对间充质干细胞的感染效率比较;
图3A为western blot检测超速离心法分离纯化的间充干细胞来源的外泌体的标志物CD9和CD63的表达情况,图3B为对应的流式细胞仪检测结果;
图4A为western blot检测聚乙二醇沉淀法分离纯化的间充干细胞来源的外泌体的标志物CD9和CD63的表达情况,图4B为对应的流式细胞仪检测结果;
图5为人间充质干细胞和外泌体在体外对anti-CD3活化T细胞增殖的抑制效果比较;
图6为图5中不同实验组的T细胞活化增殖率直方图;
图7为小鼠间充质干细胞和外泌体在C57小鼠体内抑制活化后OT-1脾细胞增殖的效果比较;
图8为图7中不同实验组的T细胞活化增殖率直方图;
图9为不同实验组的GVHD小鼠的体重变化;
图10为不同实验组的GVHD小鼠的外周血白细胞比例变化;
图11为不同实验组的GVHD小鼠的肝脏组织切片HE染色结果,显微镜放大倍数100×;
图12为不同实验组的GVHD小鼠的结肠组织切片HE染色结果,显微镜放大倍数100×;
图13为PD-L1分子在外泌体细胞膜和细胞内的表达情况;
图14为使用AAV2sc-PD-L1和AAV2sc-PD-L1-ITGB1感染人间充质干细胞,获得的外泌体的PD-L1阳性率;
图15为不同基因修饰的外泌体在体外抑制T细胞早期活化信号CD69的效果比较;
图16为不同基因修饰的外泌体在体外诱导Treg细胞的效果比较;
图17为负载抗原的外泌体的T细胞早期活化信号的抑制效果。
具体实施方式
为进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果,以下结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步地说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明,而非对本发明的限定。
实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过正规渠道商购获得的常规产品。
实施例1重组表达载体的设计与构建
本实施例首先从NCBI基因数据库检索得到OVA蛋白、PD-L1、ITGB1、HLA-G1和HLA-G5基因的全长序列,使用Lasergene中的Protean分析并结合Uniprot数据库检索结果,确定PD-L1和ITGB1的信号肽区域、膜外区域、跨膜区域和膜内区域,将ITGB1的膜外区域替换为PD-L1的膜外区域,并在序列尾部加上6×his tag,形成PD-L1-ITGB1重组蛋白的编码基因SEQ ID NO:2,对应的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:6所示。
全基因合成PD-L1-ITGB1重组蛋白的编码基因SEQ ID NO:2,连接入pTR-sc-CMV质粒,构建重组表达载体pTR-sc-CMV-PD-L1-ITGB1。
本实施例同时将OVA蛋白编码基因、PD-L1编码基因SEQ ID NO:1(氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:5所示)、HLA-G1编码基因SEQ ID NO:3(氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:7所示)、HLA-G5编码基因SEQ ID NO:4(氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:8所示)分别连接入pTR-sc-CMV质粒,构建重组表达载体pTR-sc-CMV-OVA、pTR-sc-CMV-PD-L1、pTR-sc-CMV-HLA-G1、pTR-sc-CMV-HLA-G5。
实施例2腺相关病毒包装与纯化
(1)质粒大提获得pTR-sc-CMV-OVA、pTR-sc-CMV-PD-L1、pTR-sc-CMV-PD-L1-ITGB1、pTR-sc-CMV-HLA-G1和pTR-sc-CMV-HLA-G5,以及pXR2和pXX6-80质粒,其中pTR-sc-CMV质粒通过Sma1酶切检测保证ITR的完整性,所有质粒进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测确保条带单一、有超螺旋结构;
(2)提前16小时将培养好的HEK293传代至新培养皿中,密度为饱和密度的90%左右,HEK293要求无细菌、病毒和病原体污染,正常传代培养3天后培养基无明显变黄,HEK293的培养基为10%FBS+DMEM;
(3)每个15cm培养皿的细胞需要pTR-sc-CMV质粒9μg、pXR2质粒12μg、pXX6-80质粒15μg,将三种质粒按比例加至500μL opti-MEM中混匀,边震荡边逐滴加入150μL 1μg/μLPEI,室温静置10min,将混合物滴加至细胞培养上清中;
(4)48小时后,将HEK293吹打至悬浮状态,2000rpm离心5min收集细胞沉淀,用8.7mL超纯水重悬,在干冰和温水之间反复冻融三次,超声2min裂解细胞,加入5g氯化铯后超声2min,置于冰上;
(5)4℃、12000rpm离心20min,不可溶的细胞碎片悬浮在氯化铯溶液表面,小心将下面透明的氯化铯溶液转移至超速离心管,采用Sorvall WX 80+Ultracentrifuge超速离心机在15℃、65000rpm下离心18小时,刹车降为5;
(6)将离心完成的氯化铯溶液逐层从底部取出,每层的体积约为1mL,通过折光光度计测量折光率,折光率约为1.37的氯化铯溶液即为含有AAV的氯化铯溶液;
(7)将含有AAV的氯化铯溶液转移至透析袋中,在提前预冷的PBS中透析三次,最后收取含有AAV的PBS溶液。
对获取的AAV进行浓度测定,取90μL含有AAV的PBS溶液,加入10μL DNase1工作液,37℃消化1小时,随后加入6μL 0.5M EDTA终止反应;加入100μL蛋白酶消化液,55℃消化2小时,95℃孵育5min使蛋白酶灭活;将AAV溶液用超纯水稀释1000倍,作为实时定量PCR的模版,进行定量PCR分析,计算AAV的浓度。
结果发现,各组AAV的浓度都大于1×109vg/μL。
实施例3人脐带来源的间充质干细胞的分离与培养
本实施例从新生儿脐带中收集间充质干细胞,步骤如下:
(1)使用生理盐水冲洗脐带,用剪刀将脐带剪成2cm左右的小段,纵向刨开,继续冲洗;
(2)将刨开的脐带内表面的内皮薄膜剥离,在PBS中将脐带剪碎成大小约为1mm3的小块;
(3)加入一倍体积的胰蛋白酶消化液,37℃消化20min;
(4)加入10倍体积的DMEM+10%FBS中和胰蛋白酶,并且放入培养箱中培养,每隔3天更换新鲜培养液;
(5)观察细胞形态,当细胞融合度达到90%左右时,使用胰蛋白酶消化并传代培养。
本实施例分离培养的人间充质干细胞,逐渐分散生长为单个细胞,生长状态良好,用于后续实验。
实施例4不同亚型AAV对人间充质干细胞的感染效率
基于实施例3分离和培养的人间充质干细胞,本实施例将人间充质干细胞从培养皿上刮下,并用新鲜的培养基重悬,细胞密度为105/mL,将细胞悬液等分至48孔板中,每孔400μL并设立复孔;
按照AAV:细胞=10000:1的比例加入AAV1、AAV2、AAV2YF3、AAV3、AAV6、AAV8、AAV9、AAV10和PBS(AAV中携带有luciferase基因),48小时后,使用200μL passive裂解液裂解人间充质干细胞12min,将每孔的50μL裂解产物转移至luciferase测量孔中,每孔加入100μL反应底物,使用测量仪读取数值;
同时,使用AAV2-sc-GFP和lentivirus-GFP感染人间充质干细胞(AAV:细胞=10000:1,lentivirus-GFP:细胞=10000:1),48小时后,荧光显微镜观察GFP的表达情况。
如图1A所示,AAV2对人间充质干细胞的感染效率最高,如图1B所示,AAV2的突变体AAV2YF3对人间充质干细胞的感染效率与野生型AAV2相同,因此野生型AAV2和AAV2YF3都可以作为感染人间充质干细胞的载体。
另外,本实施例使用相同MOI下的AAV2-sc-GFP和Lentivirus-GFP感染人间充质干细胞,结果如图2所示,AAV2-sc对人间充质干细胞的感染效率高于lentivirus,还有研究发现,AAV对宿主细胞基因组的插入率远低于慢病毒(lentivirus),所以AAV具有更高的生物安全性。
实施例5超速离心法从人间充质干细胞上清中分离和纯化外泌体
本实施例利用超速离心法从人间充质干细胞中小量分离和纯化外泌体,步骤如下:
(1)采用无血清培养基(X-VIVO10)培养人间充质干细胞3天后,收集培养上清并转移至50mL离心管中,4℃500g离心10min去除细胞碎片;
(2)将离心后的上清转移至新的50mL离心管中,4℃12000rpm离心20min,进一步去除细胞碎片和细胞器;
(3)将离心后的上清转移至超速离心管(35mL)中,采用水平转子离心,4℃100000g离心2小时;
(4)将超速离心管小心取出,弃上清,并将超速离心管倒置于吸水纸上静置5min;
(5)使用500μL PBS重悬管底沉淀,轻轻吹打几下后尽量将沉淀全部重悬,4℃静置1小时;
(6)取10μL外泌体溶液用于外泌体鉴定,其余部分分装后冻存于-80℃;
(7)使用western blot和流式细胞仪(微球吸附法,1atex beads)检测外泌体的质量和数量,同时使用扫描电镜观察外泌体的形态。
使用western blot检测外泌体样品中CD9和CD63的表达情况,β-actin为阴性对照,结果如图3A所示,样品中没有β-actin,说明样品没有被细胞骨架成分污染。
将样品中的所有蛋白质利用偶联吸附的方式包被于微球表面,再采用荧光标记的抗CD9、CD63、β-actin抗体进行流式细胞仪检测,结果如图3B所示,CD9和CD63都呈现高表达,而在微球表面没有检测到β-actin。
扫描电镜结果显示,本实施例纯化的外泌体形态完整,无粘连。
实施例6聚乙二醇沉淀法从人间充质干细胞上清中分离和纯化外泌体
本实施例利用聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀法从人间充质干细胞中大量分离和纯化外泌体,步骤如下:
(1)将人间充质干细胞扩增培养至10个15cm培养皿,当细胞融合度达90%时,用PBS清洗细胞两次,并将培养基更换为无血清培养基X-VIVO10;
(2)第3天收集培养上清并向培养皿中加入新的培养基,将收集的培养上清首先4℃3000g离心5分钟留上清,再使用0.22μm无菌滤器进行过滤,通过负压抽吸的方式去除剩余细胞碎片和细胞器,随后在300mL培养上清中加入终比例为10%(W/V)的PEG8k,混匀后4℃静置过夜;
(3)将含有蛋白沉淀的培养上清转移至500mL离心瓶中,4℃、8000g离心15min;
(4)用10mL预冷的PBS重悬沉淀,4℃静置过夜;
(5)使用透析袋(100KDa)将含有外泌体的溶液在大量PBS中透析3次,取10μL用于外泌体鉴定分析,其余部分分装后冻存于-80℃;
(6)在第6、9、12天收集含有外泌体的细胞培养上清,按照步骤(2)~(5)进行外泌体分离和纯化;
(7)使用western blot和流式细胞仪(微球吸附法,1atex beads)检测外泌体的质量和数量,同时使用扫描电镜观察外泌体的形态。
理论上,在间充质干细胞状态变差前,可以不断地收集含有外泌体的细胞培养上清,用于临床实验,在这个过程中可以保持外泌体质量的一致性,同时降低成本。
使用western blot检测外泌体样品中CD9和CD63的表达情况,β-actin为阴性对照,结果如图4A所示,样品中没有β-actin,说明样品没有被细胞骨架成分污染。
将样品中的所有蛋白质利用偶联吸附的方式包被于微球表面,再采用荧光标记的抗CD9、CD63、β-actin抗体进行流式细胞仪检测,结果如图4B所示,CD9和CD63都呈现高表达,而在微球表面没有检测到β-actin。
扫描电镜结果显示,本实施例纯化的外泌体形态完整,无粘连。
实施例7人间充质干细胞和外泌体在体外抑制炎症反应的效果比较
本实施例采用实施例5和实施例6分离纯化的外泌体进行实验,步骤如下:
(1)采用淋巴细胞分离液分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),继而使用偶联抗CD3抗体的beads从PBMC中分离出T淋巴细胞,使用CFSE(羧基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺酯)染色后加入100U/mL IL-2和100U/mL抗CD3抗体(OKT-3):
(2)将含有刺激因子和T淋巴细胞的培养基平均分至24孔板中,每孔500μL;
(3)每3个孔为一组,分别加入PBS、间充质干细胞(每孔1×105个)或10μL、25μL、50μL外泌体溶液;
(4)培养3天,流式细胞仪检测CFSE,推算活化T细胞的增殖水平。
如图5所示,阳性对照组中抗CD3抗体和IL-2协同刺激小鼠脾T细胞,3天后增殖T细胞的比例为86.01%,在协同刺激的前提下,分别加入间充质干细胞、10μL、25μL或50μL外泌体溶液,增殖T细胞的比例分别为41.01%、40%、39.61%和42.84%。
如图6所示,对各实验组的T细胞增殖率进行统计后发现,间充质干细胞和外泌体对T细胞的活化增殖都有抑制作用,提示间充质干细胞来源的外泌体也具有间充质干细胞的免疫反应抑制作用。
实施例8小鼠间充质干细胞和外泌体在体内抑制炎症反应的效果比较
本实施例采用实施例5和实施例6分离纯化的外泌体进行实验,步骤如下:
(1)第0天,将AAV8/OVA按照1×1010μg每只小鼠的剂量静脉注射至C57小鼠体内;
(2)第2天,从OT-1小鼠的脾细胞中分离出T细胞,并标记CFSE;
(3)将OT-1细胞分别与PBS、间充质干细胞(1×106个每只小鼠)、50μL、100μL或200μL外泌体混合后静脉注射至C57小鼠体内;
(4)第7天,取出小鼠脾进行裂解,流式细胞仪检测CFSE的水平,推算活化T细胞的增殖水平。
如图7所示,AAV8/OVA感染C57小鼠后,小鼠的免疫系统识别OVA抗原,随后静脉注射经过PBS、间充质干细胞(1×106个每只小鼠)、50μL、100μL、200μL外泌体共孵育的OT-1细胞,OVA抗原提呈给OT-1细胞,OT-1细胞识别抗原并活化增殖,增殖T细胞的比例分别为42.6%、14.6%、33.1%、14.2%、10.6%。
如图8所示,对各实验组的T细胞增殖率进行统计后发现,间充质干细胞和外泌体都可以在体内对经过特异性抗原刺激的T细胞活化产生抑制效果,提示间充质干细胞来源的外泌体在体内也具有间充质干细胞的免疫反应抑制作用。
实施例9小鼠间充质干细胞和外泌体治疗小鼠GVHD的效果比较
本实施例采用实施例6分离纯化的外泌体进行实验,步骤如下:
(1)对小鼠进行Co60射线照射后移植异基因骨髓,构建GVHD小鼠模型,模拟人异基因干细胞移植后的GVHD;
(2)第1天,对受体小鼠进行骨髓细胞移植后,通过内眦静脉注射PBS、1×106个间充质干细胞、50μg、100μg或200μg外泌体;
(3)移植后2周内,监测各组小鼠的体重变化和外周血白细胞比例的变化;
(4)两周后,取小鼠肝、结肠等器官,制作组织切片,HE染色评估组织损伤程度。
如图9所示,在诱导小鼠GVHD的两周内,各组小鼠的体重随时间变化,间充质干细胞对小鼠体重的下降具有显著的缓解作用,50μg、100μg、200μg外泌体对小鼠体重的下降也具有明显的缓解作用。
如图10所示,在诱导小鼠GVHD的两周内,各组小鼠的外周血白细胞比例随时间变化,间充质干细胞、50μg、100μg、200μg外泌体对白细胞比例的升高都表现出抑制作用。
如图11所示,成功诱导小鼠GVHD两周后,各组小鼠的肝脏组织切片HE染色结果表明,PBS治疗组的小鼠的肝脏损伤明显,而间充质干细胞和50μg、100μg、200μg外泌体对GVHD小鼠的肝脏损伤具有明显的修复作用。
如图12所示,成功诱导小鼠GVHD两周后,各组小鼠的结肠组织切片HE染色结果表明,PBS治疗组的小鼠的结肠粘膜组织损伤明显,而间充质干细胞和50μg、100μg、200μg外泌体对GVHD小鼠的结肠粘膜组织损伤具有明显的修复作用。
实施例10基于腺相关病毒和工程表达质粒的外泌体定向修饰
本实施例基于实施例2构建的腺相关病毒AAV2-PD-L1、AAV2-PD-L1-ITGB1、AAV2-HLA-G1、AAV2-HLA-G5进行外泌体的定向修饰,步骤如下:
(1)将包装好的AAV2-PD-L1、AAV2-PD-L1-ITGB1、AAV2-HLA-G1或AAV2-HLA-G5按照MOI=10000感染HeLa细胞系(10%FBS+DMEM)和人间充质干细胞(X-VIVO10),48小时后收集HeIa细胞,流式细胞仪检测PD-L1在细胞内的分布情况;
(2)腺相关病毒感染3天后,收集间充质干细胞的培养上清,分离纯化外泌体,流式细胞仪检测外泌体表面的PD-L1表达情况。
如图13所示,当HeLa细胞未打孔时,AAV2-PD-L1感染HeLa细胞组中PD-L1阳性细胞的比例为48.18%,AAV2-PD-L1-ITGB1感染HeLa细胞组中PD-L1阳性细胞的比例为29.01%;当对HeLa细胞打孔后,AAV2-PD-L1感染HeLa细胞组中PD-L1阳性细胞的比例为48.93%,AAV2-PD-L1-ITGB1感染HeLa细胞组中PD-L1阳性细胞的比例为44.68%。以上结果表明PD-L1是膜蛋白分子,流式细胞仪检测发现PD-L1大部分表达于细胞膜表面,而PD-L1-ITGB1大部分表达于细胞内,因为ITGB1在细胞内主要分布在溶酶体。
如图14所示,AAV2-PD-L1感染间充质干细胞后产生的外泌体中PD-L1的阳性率约为40%,而AAV2-PD-L1-ITGB1感染间充质干细胞后产生的外泌体的PD-L1的阳性率约为44%。以上结果表明,ITGB1能有效提高PD-L1的在外泌体膜表面的表达水平。
实施例11经修饰的外泌体在体外抑制炎症的效果
本实施例采用实施例10获得的表达PD-L1的外泌体PD-L1-exosome、表达PD-L1-ITGB1的外泌体PD-L1-ITGB1-exosome、表达HLA-G1的外泌体HLA-G1-exosome、表达HLA-G5的外泌体HLA-G5-exosome进行实验,步骤如下:
(1)取OT-1小鼠脾细胞裂解为单个细胞;
(2)提前一天,将1μg OVA多肽(SEQ ID NO:9:SIINFEKL)与HEK293/H2kb在24孔板中混合培养,每孔500μL;
(3)将OT-1脾细胞与HEK293细胞按照10:1的比例混合,每3个孔为一组,分别加入PBS、间充质干细胞(每孔1×105个)、50μL exosome、50μL PD-L1-exosome、50μL PD-L1-ITGB1-exosome、50μL HLA-G1-exosome、50μL HLA-G5-exosome溶液;
(4)培养1天,流式细胞仪检测CD69+(T细胞早期活化信号)T细胞的比例;
(5)培养5天,流式细胞仪检测Treg细胞的比例。
如图15所示,阳性对照组中抗CD3抗体和IL-2协同刺激小鼠脾T细胞,3天后活化T细胞的比例为87%,在协同刺激的前提下,分别加入PBS、50μL exosome、50μL PD-L1-exosome、50μL PD-L1-ITGB1-exosome、50μL HLA-G1-exosome、50μL HLA-G5-exosome,活化T细胞的比例分别为35.5%、25%、20.8%、21%、18.3%、15.6%,其中HLA-G1和HLA-G5对T细胞特异性活化的抑制作用强于PD-L1,尤其是HLA-G5对特异性抗原活化T细胞具有显著的抑制作用。
如图16所示,PBS、exosome、PD-L1-exosome、PD-L1-ITGB1-exosome、HLA-G1-exosome、HLA-G5-exosome组的FOXP3+细胞在CD4+CD25+细胞中的比例分别为5.45%、43.5%、41.9%、41.2%、39.2%、36.8%,说明外泌体本身就可以明显地诱导Treg细胞比例升高,而对外泌体进行修饰后,并不能显著提高对Treg细胞的诱导效果。
实施例12负载抗原的外泌体诱导活化免疫细胞
本实施例是基于体外诱导T细胞活化实验完成的,步骤如下:
(1)分别采用AAV2-OVA、AAV2-PD-L1-ITGB1、AAV2-OVA和AAV2-PD-L1-ITGB1的组合按照MOI=10000感染小鼠间充质干细胞,培养3天后收集细胞上清,分离和纯化外泌体,得到OVA-exosome、PD-L1-ITGB1-exosome、OVA-PD-L1-ITGB1-exosome;
(2)取OT-1小鼠脾细胞,向12孔板中每孔加入1×106/mL小鼠脾细胞,使用无血清培养基(X-VIVO10)培养,同时每孔加入50μL exosome、OVA-exosome、PD-L1-ITGB1-exosome、OVA-PD-L1-ITGB1-exosome混合培养七天;
(3)第6天,将1μg SIINFEKL多肽与HEK293/H2kb细胞混合培养一天,制备抗原提呈细胞;
(4)第7天,更换小鼠脾细胞和HEK293细胞的培养基后,将小鼠脾细胞和HEK293细胞按照10:1的比例混合培养12小时;
(5)流式细胞仪检测T细胞早期活化信号C69的表达。
本实施例的分组如下:
exosome+HEK293/H2kb;
exosome+HEK293/H2kb-SIINFEKL;
exosome-PD-L1+HEK293/H2kb-SIINFEKL;
exosome-PD-L1-OVA+HEK293/H2kb-SIINFEKL;
exosome-PD-L1-ITGB1+HEK293/H2kb-SIINFEKL;
exosome-PD-L1-ITGB1-OVA+HEK293/H2kb-SIINFEKL。
结果如图17所示,各实验组经过SIIFNKL第二次刺激后,CD69阳性细胞在CD8阳性细胞中的比例分别为10.2%、21.1%、18.4%、10.3%、16.3%、13.25%,说明经过exosome-PD-L1-OVA或exosome-PD-L1-ITGB1-OVA初次诱导后的OT-1脾细胞产生了特异性免疫耐受,再次遇到SIINFEKL多肽的抗原提呈细胞后,OT-1T细胞对OVA抗原SIINFEKL的反应显著降低。
综上所述,本发明采用含有免疫调节功能基因的腺相关病毒感染间充质干细胞,从间充质干细胞培养上清中分离纯化得到表达具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白的外泌体,所述外泌体具有与间充质干细胞相似的免疫调节功能,有效克服了间充质干细胞治疗的缺陷。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细方法,但本发明并不局限于上述详细方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 天津大学
<120> 一种基因修饰的外泌体及其制备方法和应用
<130> 20201109
<160> 9
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 873
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<400> 1
atgaggatat ttgctgtctt tatattcatg acctactggc atttgctgaa cgcatttact 60
gtcacggttc ccaaggacct atatgtggta gagtatggta gcaatatgac aattgaatgc 120
aaattcccag tagaaaaaca attagacctg gctgcactaa ttgtctattg ggaaatggag 180
gataagaaca ttattcaatt tgtgcatgga gaggaagacc tgaaggttca gcatagtagc 240
tacagacaga gggcccggct gttgaaggac cagctctccc tgggaaatgc tgcacttcag 300
atcacagatg tgaaattgca ggatgcaggg gtgtaccgct gcatgatcag ctatggtggt 360
gccgactaca agcgaattac tgtgaaagtc aatgccccat acaacaaaat caaccaaaga 420
attttggttg tggatccagt cacctctgaa catgaactga catgtcaggc tgagggctac 480
cccaaggccg aagtcatctg gacaagcagt gaccatcaag tcctgagtgg taagaccacc 540
accaccaatt ccaagagaga ggagaagctt ttcaatgtga ccagcacact gagaatcaac 600
acaacaacta atgagatttt ctactgcact tttaggagat tagatcctga ggaaaaccat 660
acagctgaat tggtcatccc agaactacct ctggcacatc ctccaaatga aaggactcac 720
ttggtaattc tgggagccat cttattatgc cttggtgtag cactgacatt catcttccgt 780
ttaagaaaag ggagaatgat ggatgtgaaa aaatgtggca tccaagatac aaactcaaag 840
aagcaaagtg atacacattt ggaggagacg taa 873
<210> 2
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<400> 2
atgaatttac aaccaatttt ctggattgga ctgatcagtt cagtttgctg tgtgtttgct 60
agctttactg tcacggttcc caaggaccta tatgtggtag agtatggtag caatatgaca 120
attgaatgca aattcccagt agaaaaacaa ttagacctgg ctgcactaat tgtctattgg 180
gaaatggagg ataagaacat tattcaattt gtgcatggag aggaagacct gaaggttcag 240
catagtagct acagacagag ggcccggctg ttgaaggacc agctctccct gggaaatgct 300
gcacttcaga tcacagatgt gaaattgcag gatgcagggg tgtaccgctg catgatcagc 360
tatggtggtg ccgactacaa gcgaattact gtgaaagtca atgccccata caacaaaatc 420
aaccaaagaa ttttggttgt ggatccagtc acctctgaac atgaactgac atgtcaggct 480
gagggctacc ccaaggccga agtcatctgg acaagcagtg accatcaagt cctgagtggt 540
aagaccacca ccaccaattc caagagagag gagaagcttt tcaatgtgac cagcacactg 600
agaatcaaca caacaactaa tgagattttc tactgcactt ttaggagatt agatcctgag 660
gaaaaccata cagctgaatt ggtcatccca gaactacctc tggcacatcc tccaaatgaa 720
aggggaggcg gtggctctgg tggaggcgga tctgtcgaca tcattccaat tgtagctggt 780
gtggttgctg gaattgttct tattggcctt gcattactgc tgatatggaa gcttttaatg 840
ataattcatg acagaaggtg a 861
<210> 3
<211> 1017
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<400> 3
atggtcgtga tggctcctcg cacactgttc ctgctgctgt ctggggctct gacactgact 60
gaaacttggg ctggatcaca ctcaatgaga tacttcagcg ccgccgtgag caggccatcc 120
cgcggcgagc ccaggtttat cgctatgggc tatgtggacg atacccagtt cgtgcgcttt 180
gactccgatt ctgcctgccc taggatggag cctcgcgccc cctgggtgga gagggagggc 240
ccagagtact gggaggagga gacccgcaac acaaaggccc acgcccagac cgaccggatg 300
aacctgcaga cactgagagg ctactataat cagtccgagg ccagctccca caccctgcag 360
tggatgatcg gctgtgacct gggctctgat ggccggctgc tgagaggcta cgagcagtac 420
gcctatgacg gcaaggatta tctggccctg aatgaggacc tgcggtcttg gaccgcagca 480
gatacagcag cccagatcag caagagaaag tgcgaggcag caaacgtggc agagcagagg 540
agagcatacc tggagggaac ctgcgtggag tggctgcacc ggtatctgga gaatggcaag 600
gagatgctgc agagagccga cccccctaag acccacgtga cacaccaccc agtgttcgat 660
tacgaggcca cactgaggtg ctgggcactg ggcttttatc ctgccgagat catcctgacc 720
tggcagcgcg acggcgagga tcagacacag gacgtggagc tggtggagac caagccagca 780
ggcgatggca cattccagaa gtgggcagca gtggtggtgc cttccggaga ggagcagcgg 840
tatacctgtc acgtgcagca cgagggactg ccagagccac tgatgctgag gtggaagcag 900
tctagcctgc ccacaatccc tatcatgggc atcgtggccg gcctggtggt gctggccgcc 960
gtcgtcactg gggcagccgt ggcagccgtc ctgtggcgga aaaagtcatc tgattga 1017
<210> 4
<211> 1044
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<400> 4
atggtcgtga tggctcctcg cacactgttc ctgctgctgt ctggggctct gacactgact 60
gaaacttggg ctggatcaca ctcaatgaga tacttcagcg ccgccgtgag caggccatcc 120
cgcggcgagc ccaggtttat cgctatgggc tatgtggacg atacccagtt cgtgcgcttt 180
gactccgatt ctgcctgccc taggatggag cctcgcgccc cctgggtgga gagggagggc 240
ccagagtact gggaggagga gacccgcaac acaaaggccc acgcccagac cgaccggatg 300
aacctgcaga cactgagagg ctactataat cagtccgagg ccagctccca caccctgcag 360
tggatgatcg gctgtgacct gggctctgat ggccggctgc tgagaggcta cgagcagtac 420
gcctatgacg gcaaggatta tctggccctg aatgaggacc tgcggtcttg gaccgcagca 480
gatacagcag cccagatcag caagagaaag tgcgaggcag caaacgtggc agagcagagg 540
agagcatacc tggagggaac ctgcgtggag tggctgcacc ggtatctgga gaatggcaag 600
gagatgctgc agagagccga cccccctaag acccacgtga cacaccaccc agtgttcgat 660
tacgaggcca cactgaggtg ctgggcactg ggcttttatc ctgccgagat catcctgacc 720
tggcagcgcg acggcgagga tcagacacag gacgtggagc tggtggagac caagccagca 780
ggcgatggca cattccagaa gtgggcagca gtggtggtgc cttccggaga ggagcagcgg 840
tatacctgtc acgtgcagca cgagggactg ccagagccac tgatgctgag gtggaagcag 900
tctagcctgc ccacaatccc tatcatgggc atcgtggccg gcctggtggt gctggccgcc 960
gtcgtcctcg agaggcctaa taaagagctc agatgcatcg atcagagtgt gttggttttt 1020
tgtgtgacgc gtaggaaccc ctag 1044
<210> 5
<211> 290
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<400> 5
Met Arg Ile Phe Ala Val Phe Ile Phe Met Thr Tyr Trp His Leu Leu
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Asn Ala Phe Thr Val Thr Val Pro Lys Asp Leu Tyr Val Val Glu Tyr
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Gly Ser Asn Met Thr Ile Glu Cys Lys Phe Pro Val Glu Lys Gln Leu
35 40 45
Asp Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Val Tyr Trp Glu Met Glu Asp Lys Asn Ile
50 55 60
Ile Gln Phe Val His Gly Glu Glu Asp Leu Lys Val Gln His Ser Ser
65 70 75 80
Tyr Arg Gln Arg Ala Arg Leu Leu Lys Asp Gln Leu Ser Leu Gly Asn
85 90 95
Ala Ala Leu Gln Ile Thr Asp Val Lys Leu Gln Asp Ala Gly Val Tyr
100 105 110
Arg Cys Met Ile Ser Tyr Gly Gly Ala Asp Tyr Lys Arg Ile Thr Val
115 120 125
Lys Val Asn Ala Pro Tyr Asn Lys Ile Asn Gln Arg Ile Leu Val Val
130 135 140
Asp Pro Val Thr Ser Glu His Glu Leu Thr Cys Gln Ala Glu Gly Tyr
145 150 155 160
Pro Lys Ala Glu Val Ile Trp Thr Ser Ser Asp His Gln Val Leu Ser
165 170 175
Gly Lys Thr Thr Thr Thr Asn Ser Lys Arg Glu Glu Lys Leu Phe Asn
180 185 190
Val Thr Ser Thr Leu Arg Ile Asn Thr Thr Thr Asn Glu Ile Phe Tyr
195 200 205
Cys Thr Phe Arg Arg Leu Asp Pro Glu Glu Asn His Thr Ala Glu Leu
210 215 220
Val Ile Pro Glu Leu Pro Leu Ala His Pro Pro Asn Glu Arg Thr His
225 230 235 240
Leu Val Ile Leu Gly Ala Ile Leu Leu Cys Leu Gly Val Ala Leu Thr
245 250 255
Phe Ile Phe Arg Leu Arg Lys Gly Arg Met Met Asp Val Lys Lys Cys
260 265 270
Gly Ile Gln Asp Thr Asn Ser Lys Lys Gln Ser Asp Thr His Leu Glu
275 280 285
Glu Thr
290
<210> 6
<211> 286
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<400> 6
Met Asn Leu Gln Pro Ile Phe Trp Ile Gly Leu Ile Ser Ser Val Cys
1 5 10 15
Cys Val Phe Ala Ser Phe Thr Val Thr Val Pro Lys Asp Leu Tyr Val
20 25 30
Val Glu Tyr Gly Ser Asn Met Thr Ile Glu Cys Lys Phe Pro Val Glu
35 40 45
Lys Gln Leu Asp Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Val Tyr Trp Glu Met Glu Asp
50 55 60
Lys Asn Ile Ile Gln Phe Val His Gly Glu Glu Asp Leu Lys Val Gln
65 70 75 80
His Ser Ser Tyr Arg Gln Arg Ala Arg Leu Leu Lys Asp Gln Leu Ser
85 90 95
Leu Gly Asn Ala Ala Leu Gln Ile Thr Asp Val Lys Leu Gln Asp Ala
100 105 110
Gly Val Tyr Arg Cys Met Ile Ser Tyr Gly Gly Ala Asp Tyr Lys Arg
115 120 125
Ile Thr Val Lys Val Asn Ala Pro Tyr Asn Lys Ile Asn Gln Arg Ile
130 135 140
Leu Val Val Asp Pro Val Thr Ser Glu His Glu Leu Thr Cys Gln Ala
145 150 155 160
Glu Gly Tyr Pro Lys Ala Glu Val Ile Trp Thr Ser Ser Asp His Gln
165 170 175
Val Leu Ser Gly Lys Thr Thr Thr Thr Asn Ser Lys Arg Glu Glu Lys
180 185 190
Leu Phe Asn Val Thr Ser Thr Leu Arg Ile Asn Thr Thr Thr Asn Glu
195 200 205
Ile Phe Tyr Cys Thr Phe Arg Arg Leu Asp Pro Glu Glu Asn His Thr
210 215 220
Ala Glu Leu Val Ile Pro Glu Leu Pro Leu Ala His Pro Pro Asn Glu
225 230 235 240
Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Val Asp Ile Ile Pro
245 250 255
Ile Val Ala Gly Val Val Ala Gly Ile Val Leu Ile Gly Leu Ala Leu
260 265 270
Leu Leu Ile Trp Lys Leu Leu Met Ile Ile His Asp Arg Arg
275 280 285
<210> 7
<211> 338
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<400> 7
Met Val Val Met Ala Pro Arg Thr Leu Phe Leu Leu Leu Ser Gly Ala
1 5 10 15
Leu Thr Leu Thr Glu Thr Trp Ala Gly Ser His Ser Met Arg Tyr Phe
20 25 30
Ser Ala Ala Val Ser Arg Pro Ser Arg Gly Glu Pro Arg Phe Ile Ala
35 40 45
Met Gly Tyr Val Asp Asp Thr Gln Phe Val Arg Phe Asp Ser Asp Ser
50 55 60
Ala Cys Pro Arg Met Glu Pro Arg Ala Pro Trp Val Glu Arg Glu Gly
65 70 75 80
Pro Glu Tyr Trp Glu Glu Glu Thr Arg Asn Thr Lys Ala His Ala Gln
85 90 95
Thr Asp Arg Met Asn Leu Gln Thr Leu Arg Gly Tyr Tyr Asn Gln Ser
100 105 110
Glu Ala Ser Ser His Thr Leu Gln Trp Met Ile Gly Cys Asp Leu Gly
115 120 125
Ser Asp Gly Arg Leu Leu Arg Gly Tyr Glu Gln Tyr Ala Tyr Asp Gly
130 135 140
Lys Asp Tyr Leu Ala Leu Asn Glu Asp Leu Arg Ser Trp Thr Ala Ala
145 150 155 160
Asp Thr Ala Ala Gln Ile Ser Lys Arg Lys Cys Glu Ala Ala Asn Val
165 170 175
Ala Glu Gln Arg Arg Ala Tyr Leu Glu Gly Thr Cys Val Glu Trp Leu
180 185 190
His Arg Tyr Leu Glu Asn Gly Lys Glu Met Leu Gln Arg Ala Asp Pro
195 200 205
Pro Lys Thr His Val Thr His His Pro Val Phe Asp Tyr Glu Ala Thr
210 215 220
Leu Arg Cys Trp Ala Leu Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ala Glu Ile Ile Leu Thr
225 230 235 240
Trp Gln Arg Asp Gly Glu Asp Gln Thr Gln Asp Val Glu Leu Val Glu
245 250 255
Thr Lys Pro Ala Gly Asp Gly Thr Phe Gln Lys Trp Ala Ala Val Val
260 265 270
Val Pro Ser Gly Glu Glu Gln Arg Tyr Thr Cys His Val Gln His Glu
275 280 285
Gly Leu Pro Glu Pro Leu Met Leu Arg Trp Lys Gln Ser Ser Leu Pro
290 295 300
Thr Ile Pro Ile Met Gly Ile Val Ala Gly Leu Val Val Leu Ala Ala
305 310 315 320
Val Val Thr Gly Ala Ala Val Ala Ala Val Leu Trp Arg Lys Lys Ser
325 330 335
Ser Asp
<210> 8
<211> 347
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<400> 8
Met Val Val Met Ala Pro Arg Thr Leu Phe Leu Leu Leu Ser Gly Ala
1 5 10 15
Leu Thr Leu Thr Glu Thr Trp Ala Gly Ser His Ser Met Arg Tyr Phe
20 25 30
Ser Ala Ala Val Ser Arg Pro Ser Arg Gly Glu Pro Arg Phe Ile Ala
35 40 45
Met Gly Tyr Val Asp Asp Thr Gln Phe Val Arg Phe Asp Ser Asp Ser
50 55 60
Ala Cys Pro Arg Met Glu Pro Arg Ala Pro Trp Val Glu Arg Glu Gly
65 70 75 80
Pro Glu Tyr Trp Glu Glu Glu Thr Arg Asn Thr Lys Ala His Ala Gln
85 90 95
Thr Asp Arg Met Asn Leu Gln Thr Leu Arg Gly Tyr Tyr Asn Gln Ser
100 105 110
Glu Ala Ser Ser His Thr Leu Gln Trp Met Ile Gly Cys Asp Leu Gly
115 120 125
Ser Asp Gly Arg Leu Leu Arg Gly Tyr Glu Gln Tyr Ala Tyr Asp Gly
130 135 140
Lys Asp Tyr Leu Ala Leu Asn Glu Asp Leu Arg Ser Trp Thr Ala Ala
145 150 155 160
Asp Thr Ala Ala Gln Ile Ser Lys Arg Lys Cys Glu Ala Ala Asn Val
165 170 175
Ala Glu Gln Arg Arg Ala Tyr Leu Glu Gly Thr Cys Val Glu Trp Leu
180 185 190
His Arg Tyr Leu Glu Asn Gly Lys Glu Met Leu Gln Arg Ala Asp Pro
195 200 205
Pro Lys Thr His Val Thr His His Pro Val Phe Asp Tyr Glu Ala Thr
210 215 220
Leu Arg Cys Trp Ala Leu Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ala Glu Ile Ile Leu Thr
225 230 235 240
Trp Gln Arg Asp Gly Glu Asp Gln Thr Gln Asp Val Glu Leu Val Glu
245 250 255
Thr Lys Pro Ala Gly Asp Gly Thr Phe Gln Lys Trp Ala Ala Val Val
260 265 270
Val Pro Ser Gly Glu Glu Gln Arg Tyr Thr Cys His Val Gln His Glu
275 280 285
Gly Leu Pro Glu Pro Leu Met Leu Arg Trp Lys Gln Ser Ser Leu Pro
290 295 300
Thr Ile Pro Ile Met Gly Ile Val Ala Gly Leu Val Val Leu Ala Ala
305 310 315 320
Val Val Leu Glu Arg Pro Asn Lys Glu Leu Arg Cys Ile Asp Gln Ser
325 330 335
Val Leu Val Phe Cys Val Thr Arg Arg Asn Pro
340 345
<210> 9
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<400> 9
Ser Ile Ile Asn Phe Glu Lys Leu
1 5
Claims (10)
1.一种基因修饰的外泌体,其特征在于,所述外泌体表达具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白;
所述具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白包括PD-L1、PD-L1-ITGB1、HLA-G1或HLA-G5中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外泌体,其特征在于,所述PD-L1包括SEQ ID NO:5所示的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:5具有80%以上同一性、且具有相同或相似生物功能的氨基酸序列;
优选地,所述PD-L1-ITGB1包括SEQ ID NO:6所示的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:6具有80%以上同一性、且具有相同或相似生物功能的氨基酸序列;
优选地,所述HLA-G1包括SEQ ID NO:7所示的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:7具有80%以上同一性、且具有相同或相似生物功能的氨基酸序列;
优选地,所述HLA-G5包括SEQ ID NO:8所示的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:8具有80%以上同一性、且具有相同或相似生物功能的氨基酸序列。
3.一种表达载体,其特征在于,所述表达载体为含有具有免疫调节功能的膜蛋白的编码基因的腺相关病毒载体;
优选地,所述表达载体包括编码PD-L1的核酸分子、编码PD-L1-ITGB1的核酸分子、编码HLA-G1的核酸分子或编码HLA-G5的核酸分子;
优选地,所述编码PD-L1的核酸分子包括SEQ ID NO:1所示的核酸序列;
优选地,所述编码PD-L1-ITGB1的核酸分子包括SEQ ID NO:2所示的核酸序列;
优选地,所述编码HLA-G1的核酸分子包括SEQ ID NO:3所示的核酸序列;
优选地,所述编码HLA-G5的核酸分子包括SEQ ID NO:4所示的核酸序列。
4.根据权利要求3所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述腺相关病毒载体包括AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9或AAV10中的任意一种,优选为AAV2或AAV2/YF3。
5.一种重组腺相关病毒,其特征在于,所述重组腺相关病毒为转染有权利要求3或4所述的表达载体和辅助质粒的哺乳细胞。
6.一种权利要求5所述的重组腺相关病毒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将权利要求3或4所述的表达载体与辅助质粒和转染试剂共转染哺乳细胞,培养一段时间后进行细胞裂解;
(2)将细胞裂解液加入氯化铯溶液中进行超速离心,收集含有腺相关病毒的氯化铯溶液;
(3)将含有腺相关病毒的氯化铯溶液进行透析处理,得到所述腺相关病毒。
7.一种权利要求1或2所述的外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
采用权利要求5所述的重组腺相关病毒感染间充质干细胞,培养一段时间后,收集间充质干细胞的培养上清;
从所述间充质干细胞的培养上清中分离纯化得到所述外泌体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述重组腺相关病毒感染间充质干细胞的MOI为5000~10000;
优选地,所述间充质干细胞的培养基为无血清、无外泌体培养基;
优选地,所述间充质干细胞的培养时间不短于3天;
优选地,所述外泌体的分离纯化方法包括超速离心法和/或聚乙二醇沉淀法。
9.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包括权利要求1或2所述的外泌体;
优选地,所述药物组合物还包括间充质干细胞;
优选地,所述药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
10.一种权利要求1或2所述的外泌体、权利要求3或4所述的表达载体、权利要求5所述的重组腺相关病毒或权利要求9所述的药物组合物在制备免疫排斥疾病预防药物和/或治疗药物中的应用;
优选地,所述免疫排斥疾病包括移植物抗宿主病。
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