CN112392673A - Heat energy utilization device and method - Google Patents
Heat energy utilization device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112392673A CN112392673A CN202011360588.3A CN202011360588A CN112392673A CN 112392673 A CN112392673 A CN 112392673A CN 202011360588 A CN202011360588 A CN 202011360588A CN 112392673 A CN112392673 A CN 112392673A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat energy utilization device and a method, which comprises a heat source, a cold source and a special-shaped cylinder, wherein a balance weight and a plunger which move along the special-shaped cylinder are arranged in the special-shaped cylinder, near-critical liquid or supercritical gas is filled between the balance weight and the plunger and between the special-shaped cylinder and the special-shaped cylinder, a load is connected above the balance weight and the plunger, the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas in the special-shaped cylinder expands or contracts under the action of the heat source and the cold source to drive the balance weight and the plunger to move, and the balance weight and the plunger drive the load to do work outwards.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of new energy technology and energy conservation and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a heat energy utilization device and method.
Background art:
in the prior art, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy, and the temperature difference is large; in addition, in the prior art, the low-temperature low-pressure heat energy mechanical power generation technology is low in efficiency, so that some low-temperature heat energy cannot be utilized, low-temperature heat sources are wasted, and the aim of using heat energy in an all-around and low-cost mode is influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
in view of the above problems, the present invention provides a heat energy utilization device and method.
The invention relates to a heat energy utilization device, which comprises a heat source, a cold source and a special-shaped cylinder, wherein a balance weight and a plunger which move along the special-shaped cylinder are arranged in the special-shaped cylinder, working media are filled between the balance weight and the plunger and between the special-shaped cylinder and the plunger, the working media are near-critical liquid or supercritical gas, the balance weight and the plunger are connected with a load, the heat source is used for heating the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas, the cold source is used for cooling the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas
Preferably, the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas is a refrigerant. The near-critical liquid or supercritical gas is Freon, carbon dioxide or hexafluoroethane, and can also be other liquids or supercritical gases.
The invention relates to a heat energy utilization method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cooling the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas in the special-shaped cylinder by using a cold source;
s2, compressing and shrinking the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas by the counterweight and the plunger, enabling the counterweight and the plunger to move downwards, and enabling the load of the stroke not to do work and only to move downwards;
s3, heating near-critical liquid or supercritical gas by using a heat source, expanding the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas, pushing a balance weight, a plunger and a load, and outputting work outwards;
and S4, repeating the steps S1, S2 and S3, and circulating.
Preferably, when the cooling source is used for cooling in step S1, the pressure generated by the weight of the weight and the plunger is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid.
Preferably, when heating is performed by the heat source in step S3, the pressure generated by the load weight and the plunger is smaller than the pressure of the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas, but greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid.
Because the load is not moved if the load plus weight and plunger generate a pressure greater than the pressure of the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas, the liquid will vaporize if the load plus weight and plunger generate a pressure less than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid.
The load is a force output to the outside.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can convert the temperature difference of about 30 ℃ into mechanical energy, realizes the output of work from the temperature difference of cold and heat sources, and has the advantages of easy availability of cold sources and heat sources, simple structure, convenient manufacture, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description of the drawings:
for ease of illustration, the invention is described in detail by the following specific examples and figures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heat source according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-load; 2-counterweight and plunger; 3-a heat source; 4-near critical liquids or supercritical gases; 5-a cold source; 6-a special-shaped cylinder; 7-a heat exchanger; 8-enclosing walls; 10-a water pipe; 11-sea surface.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be described by way of example only, and in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the heat energy utilization device of the present invention includes a heat source, a cold source and a special-shaped cylinder, wherein a counterweight and a plunger are installed in the special-shaped cylinder and move along the special-shaped cylinder, near-critical liquid or supercritical gas is filled between the counterweight and the plunger and between the special-shaped cylinder and the special-shaped cylinder, the counterweight and the plunger are connected with a load, the heat source is used for heating the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas, and the cold source is used for cooling the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas.
Specifically, the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas is a refrigerant, and the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas is freon, carbon dioxide or hexafluoroethane, and can also be other liquids or supercritical gases.
The invention relates to a heat energy utilization method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cooling the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas in the special-shaped cylinder by using a cold source;
s2, compressing and shrinking the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas by the counterweight and the plunger, enabling the counterweight and the plunger to move downwards, and enabling the load of the stroke not to do work and only to move downwards;
s3, heating near-critical liquid or supercritical gas by using a heat source, expanding the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas, pushing a balance weight, a plunger and a load, and outputting work outwards;
and S4, repeating the steps S1, S2 and S3, and circulating.
Specifically, when the cooling source is used for cooling in step S1, the pressure generated by the weight of the weight and the plunger is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid.
Specifically, when heating is performed by the heat source in step S3, the pressure generated by the load weight and the plunger is less than the pressure of the supercritical gas because the load is not pushed if the pressure generated by the load weight and the plunger is greater than the pressure of the liquid.
The load is a force output to the outside.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a heat energy utilization method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cooling the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas 4 in the special-shaped cylinder 6 by using the cold source 5;
s2, compressing the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas 4 by the counterweight and the plunger 2, and cooling; the balance weight and the plunger 2 move downwards, and the stroke load does not work and only moves downwards;
s3, heating the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas 4 by using a heat source 3, and expanding the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas 4; pushing the balance weight, the plunger 2 and the load 1 to output work outwards;
and S4, repeating the steps S1, S2 and S3, and circulating.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat energy utilization device provided by the invention comprises a balance weight, a plunger 2 and a special-shaped cylinder 6, wherein the balance weight and the plunger 2 are arranged in the special-shaped cylinder 6, a load 1 is placed on the tops of the balance weight and the plunger 2, hexafluoroethane is arranged in the special-shaped cylinder 6, a cold source 5 is set to be 6 ℃, and a heat source 3 is set to be 24 ℃.
Implementation of condition a: when the cold source 5 is used for cooling, the pressure generated by the weight of the counterweight and the plunger 2 is larger than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid at the temperature of the cold source 5.
Condition B was performed: when heated by the heat source 3, the pressure generated by the load 1, the counterweight and the plunger 2 is less than the supercritical gas pressure at the temperature of the heat source 3.
The diameter of the special-shaped cylinder 6 is 0.1 square meter, and the length is 1 m.
The working temperature is 6 ℃ lower and 24 ℃ higher.
As can be seen from the data examination, all the calculations in this example adopt chemical software and a calculation method PSRK. The pressure is 2.18Mpa at 6 ℃, and the density is 898Kg/m 3; at 24 deg.C, the pressure is 4MPa, and the density is 770Kg/m 3.
When cooled by the cold source, 2.18mpa 0.1 square meter was shifted to 2.08 x 0.1= 21210Kg relative to atmospheric pressure.
According to the embodiment A, the weight of the weight and the plunger 2 takes 22000 kg.
Hexafluoroethane was heated with a heat source 3 at a diameter of 0.1 square meters and 4mpa 0.1 to 3.9 x 0.1=39769Kg relative to atmospheric pressure.
According to implementation condition B: this example takes 39000 Kg.
And conclusion V: force output from load 1: 39000-22000Kg =17000 Kg.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
d1: firstly, a heat source 3 is used for heating hexafluoroethane in a special-shaped cylinder 6, liquid hexafluoroethane expands, and a load 1 is pushed to do work to the outside and a balance weight and a plunger 2 move upwards.
D2: secondly, the hexafluoroethane in the special-shaped air cylinder 6 is cooled by the cold source 5, and the hexafluoroethane is shrunk and the balance weight and the plunger 2 descend under the condition A. The load of the stroke does not work and only follows the descending;
and (5) ending a cycle, returning to the initial state, repeating the steps D1 and D2, and continuously working.
And (4) conclusion: by a temperature difference of 6 ℃ and 24 ℃. The 17000Kg load 1 was allowed to do work externally.
The beneficial effects of the present application are analyzed quantitatively in the following specific cases.
Suppose that: the heat source 3 uses hot water with the temperature difference of 3 ℃ at 27 ℃. The cold source 5 is cooled by 4 ℃ water, the temperature difference is 2 ℃, and the specific heat capacity of the water is 4.
1 kg of 24 degree hexafluoroethane 4mpa liquid was cooled to 6 degree 2.19 mpa liquid.
Conclusion G: the energy consumption was calculated by software to be 24.3 KJ/kg.
Conclusion E: the heat is heated from 6 ℃ to 24 ℃ at a constant pressure of 4MPa in the reverse direction, and the energy consumption is 30 KJ.
It can be seen that the hexafluoroethane has a density of 770Kg/m3, a diameter of 0.1 square meter and a length of 1 meter at 24 ℃ under 4MPa, assuming this example: 0.1 cubic meter hexafluoroethane, 77 kg.
Cooling water is required: cooling was measured by a 2 degree temperature difference, weight multiplied by conclusion G divided by the specific heat of water divided by the temperature difference:
77*24.3/4/2=233，
the water head is 0.5 meter, and the water head,
conclusion P: 233 × 0.5=117kg × m.
Heating: the heat source 3 uses hot water with the temperature difference of 3 ℃ at 27 ℃. Weight multiplied by conclusion E divided by the specific heat of water divided by the temperature difference:
77 × 30/4/3= 193 kg × m,
the water head is 0.5 meter, and the water head,
conclusion R: 193/2=96 kg × m.
The energy consumption is needed:
conclusion R + conclusion P =96+117=213 kg.
The density is 770Kg/m3 at 24 ℃ and 4MPa, the density is 898Kg/m3 at 6 ℃ and 2.2MPa,
since the 24 degree 4MPa diameter of this example is 0.1 square meter, 77 kilograms is also one meter high, height after cooling: weight divided by density divided by diameter: 77/898/0.1=0.86 meters, so the height of the weight and plunger 2 descending: 1-0.86=0.14 meter.
According to the conclusion V:
total work 17000 x 0.14=2380 kg x m.
Net work 2380-.
And (4) summarizing conclusion: the scheme is feasible.
Availability of cold source 5 and heat source 3: the low-temperature heat source 3 is easily available, such as flue gas with the temperature of less than 100 ℃, power plant waste heat and various industrial waste heat, and most of the low-temperature heat source is directly discharged at present.
The sea surface of the south sea is 26-29 ℃ all the year around, and 2-5 ℃ all the year around after 600 meters deep.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat source 3 is located below the sea surface 11, and because water is not pumped out of the water surface, circulating water only needs a small water head (0.5-1 meter), and the consumed energy is small.
The invention can convert the temperature difference of about 30 ℃ into mechanical energy, realizes the output of work from the temperature difference of the cold source and the heat source, and has the advantages of easy availability of the cold source 5 and the heat source 3, simple structure, convenient manufacture, energy saving and environmental protection.
The invention can be widely applied to occasions such as power machinery, new energy, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A heat energy utilization device is characterized in that: including heat source (3), cold source (5) and special-shaped cylinder (6), install along its motion counter weight and plunger (2) in the special-shaped cylinder (6), be filled with near critical liquid or supercritical gas (4) between counter weight and plunger (2) and special-shaped cylinder (6), counter weight and plunger (6) are connected with load (1), heat source (3) are used for heating near critical liquid or supercritical gas (4), and cold source (5) are used for cooling near critical liquid or supercritical gas (4).
2. A thermal energy utilizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas (4) is a refrigerant.
3. A heat energy utilization method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cooling the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas (4) in the special-shaped cylinder (6) by using the cold source (5);
s2, compressing and shrinking the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas (4) by the counterweight and the plunger (2), moving the counterweight and the plunger (2) downwards, and only moving the stroke load (1) downwards without doing work;
s3, heating near-critical liquid or supercritical gas (4) by using a heat source (3), expanding the near-critical liquid or supercritical gas (4), pushing a balance weight, a plunger (2) and a load (1), and outputting work outwards;
and S4, repeating the steps S1, S2 and S3, and circulating.
4. A method of utilizing heat energy according to claim 1, wherein: when the cold source (5) is used for cooling in the step S1, the pressure generated by the weight of the counterweight and the plunger (2) is larger than the pressure of the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas (4).
5. A method of utilizing heat energy according to claim 1, wherein: when the heating is performed by the heat source (3) in the step S3, the pressure generated by the load (1), the weight and the plunger (2) is less than the pressure of the near-critical liquid or the supercritical gas (4), but greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid.
6. A method of utilizing heat energy according to claim 1, wherein: the load (1) is a force output outwards.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112761914A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-05-07 | 李方耀 | Novel heat energy utilization device and method |
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2020
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Application publication date: 20210223 |