CN112375077A - 四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚雌激素受体调节剂及其用途 - Google Patents
四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚雌激素受体调节剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112375077A CN112375077A CN202011079564.0A CN202011079564A CN112375077A CN 112375077 A CN112375077 A CN 112375077A CN 202011079564 A CN202011079564 A CN 202011079564A CN 112375077 A CN112375077 A CN 112375077A
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Abstract
本申请描述了具有雌激素受体调节活性或功能的具有式(I)结构的四氢‑吡啶并[3,4‑b]吲哚‑1‑基化合物及其立体异构体、互变异构体或药用盐,且本申请描述了取代基和结构特征。本申请还描述了包含式(I)化合物的药物组合物和药物,以及单独使用所述雌激素受体调节剂和使用其与其他治疗剂的组合以治疗雌激素受体介导的或依赖性疾病或病症的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2015年12月17日、申请号为201580069484.8(国际申请号为PCT/EP2015/080119)、名称为“四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚雌激素受体调节剂及其用途”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本非临时申请根据37CFR§1.53(b)提交,按照35USC§119(e)要求2014年12月18日提交的美国临时申请62/093,929、2015年2月2日提交的美国临时申请62/110,998和2015年4月2日提交的美国临时申请62/142,077的益处,将其全部内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本文描述了化合物,包括其药用盐、溶剂化物、代谢物、前药;包含所述化合物的药物组合物;以及使用所述化合物与其他治疗剂的组合治疗、预防或诊断雌激素敏感性、雌激素受体依赖性或雌激素受体介导的疾病或病症的方法。
背景技术
雌激素受体(“ER”)是一种通过其与内源性雌激素的相互作用介导多种生物效应的诱导的配体活化的转录调节蛋白。内源性雌激素包括17β(beta)-雌二醇和雌酮。已发现ER具有两种亚型,ER-α(alpha)和ER-β(beta)。雌激素和雌激素受体牵涉许多疾病或病症,诸如乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌以及其他疾病或病症。需要新的ER-α靶标药物,其具有在转移性疾病和获得抗性的情况下的活性。
发明内容
本发明大体上涉及具有雌激素受体调节活性或功能的具有式I结构的四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基化合物及其立体异构体、互变异构体或药用盐:
且本申请描述了取代基和结构特征。
本发明的一方面为式I化合物以及药用载体、助流剂、稀释剂或赋形剂的药物组合物。
本发明的一方面为制备式I化合物或包含式I化合物的药物组合物的方法。
本发明的一方面为治疗患者中ER相关疾病或病症的方法,包括向患有ER相关疾病或病症的患者给予治疗有效量的药物组合物。
本发明的一方面为用于治疗由雌激素受体介导的病症的试剂盒,包括:
a)包含式I化合物的药物组合物;和
b)使用说明。
本发明还包括以下实施方案:
实施方案1.选自式I的化合物及其立体异构体、互变异构体或药用盐:
其中:
Y1为CRb或N;
Y2为-(CH2)-、-(CH2CH2)-或NRa;
Y3为NRa或C(Rb)2;
其中Y1、Y2和Y3中的一个为N或NRa;
Ra选自H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C8烯基、炔丙基、C3-C6环烷基和C3-C6杂环基,所述基团任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、OH、OCH3和SO2CH3;
Rb独立选自H、-O(C1-C3烷基)、C1-C6烷基、C2-C8烯基、炔丙基、-(C1-C6烷二基)-(C3-C6环烷基)、C3-C6环烷基和C3-C6杂环基,所述基团任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CH2F、OH、OCH3和SO2CH3;
Rc选自H、C1-C6烷基、烯丙基、炔丙基,所述基团任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、OH、OCH3和SO2CH3;
Z1选自CRaRb、C(O)和键;
Cy选自C6-C20芳二基、C3-C12碳环二基、C2-C20杂环二基和C1-C20杂芳二基;
Z2选自O、S、NRa、C1-C6烷二基、C1-C6氟烷二基、O-(C1-C6烷二基)、O-(C1-C6氟烷二基)、C(O)和键;
R1、R2、R3和R4独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮和吗啉代;
R5选自H、C1-C9烷基、C3-C9环烷基、C3-C9杂环基、C6-C9芳基、C6-C9杂芳基、-(C1-C6烷二基)-(C3-C9环烷基)、-(C1-C6烷二基)-(C3-C9杂环)、C(O)Rb、C(O)NRa、SO2Ra和SO2NRa,其任选取代有一个或多个卤素、CN、ORa、N(Ra)2、C1-C9烷基、C3-C9环烷基、C3-C9杂环、C6-C9芳基、C6-C9杂芳基、C(O)Rb、C(O)NRa、SO2Ra和SO2NRa;
R6选自F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CH2F、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮和吗啉代;且
m选自0、1、2、3和4;
其中所述烷二基、氟烷二基、芳二基、碳环二基、杂环二基和杂芳二基任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CH2F、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮和吗啉代。
实施方案2.实施方案1的化合物,具有式Ia:
实施方案3.实施方案2的化合物,具有式Ib:
其中R7为F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮和吗啉代;且
n选自0、1、2、3和4。
实施方案4.实施方案1的化合物,具有式Ic:
实施方案5.实施方案4的化合物,具有式Id:
实施方案6.实施方案5的化合物,具有式Ie:
其中R8为H或-CH3。
实施方案7.实施方案4的化合物,具有式If:
其中R8为H或-CH3。
实施方案8.实施方案1的化合物,具有式Ig:
实施方案9.实施方案8的化合物,具有式Ih:
实施方案10.实施方案9的化合物,具有式Ii:
实施方案11.实施方案10的化合物,具有式Ij:
实施方案12.实施方案11的化合物,具有式Ik:
实施方案13.实施方案1的化合物,其中Y1为CRb且Y3为NRa。
实施方案14.实施方案1的化合物,其中Y1为N且Y3为C(Rb)2。
实施方案15.实施方案1的化合物,其中Y2为-(CH2)-。
实施方案16.实施方案1的化合物,其中Y2为-(CH2CH2)-。
实施方案17.实施方案1的化合物,其中Rc为H。
实施方案18.实施方案1的化合物,其中Cy为C6-C20芳二基。
实施方案19.实施方案18的化合物,其中C6-C20芳二基为苯二基。
实施方案20.实施方案19的化合物,其中苯二基取代有一个或多个F。
实施方案21.实施方案1的化合物,其中R1和R2为H。
实施方案22.实施方案1的化合物,其中R3为H且R4为-CH3。
实施方案23.实施方案1的化合物,其中R5为C1-C6氟烷基。
实施方案24.实施方案1的化合物,其中m为0。
实施方案25.实施方案1的化合物,选自表1。
实施方案26.实施方案1的化合物,选自表2。
实施方案27.药物组合物,其包含实施方案1的化合物以及药用载体、助流剂、稀释剂或赋形剂。
实施方案28.实施方案27的药物组合物,还包含治疗剂。
实施方案29.制备药物组合物的方法,其包括使实施方案1的化合物与药用载体、助流剂、稀释剂或赋形剂混合。
实施方案30.治疗患者中ER相关疾病或病症的方法,包括对患有ER相关疾病或病症的患者给予治疗有效量的实施方案27的药物组合物。
实施方案31.实施方案30的方法,其中所述ER相关疾病或病症为选自以下的癌症:乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、前列腺癌和子宫癌。
实施方案32.实施方案31的方法,其中所述癌症为乳腺癌。
实施方案33.实施方案31的方法,还包括给予选自以下的额外的治疗剂:抗炎剂、免疫调节剂、化学治疗剂、凋亡增强剂、神经营养因子、用于治疗心血管疾病的药物、用于治疗肝病的药物、抗病毒剂、用于治疗血液病症的药物、用于治疗糖尿病的药物和用于治疗免疫缺陷病症的药物。
实施方案34.实施方案30的方法,其中所述药物组合物与选自以下的治疗及组合给予:紫杉醇、阿那曲唑、依西美坦、环磷酰胺、表柔比星、氟维司群、来曲唑、吉西他滨、曲妥单抗(Genentech)、曲妥单抗恩坦辛(Genentech)、聚乙二醇非格司亭、非格司亭、他莫昔芬、多西他赛、托瑞米芬、长春瑞滨、卡培他滨和伊沙匹隆。
实施方案35.实施方案30的方法,其中所述药物组合物与CDK 4/6抑制剂组合给予。
实施方案36.实施方案35的方法,其中所述CDK 4/6抑制剂选自帕泊昔布(PD-0332991)、瑞泊昔布(LEE011)和LY283519。
实施方案37.实施方案30的方法,其中所述药物组合物与选自以下的磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/mTOR途径抑制剂组合给予:依维莫司、坦罗莫司、BEZ235(达妥昔布)、BYL719(艾培昔布)、GDC0032(他塞利昔布)、BKM120(布帕昔布)、BGT226、GDC0068(依巴替布)、GDC-0980(阿托昔布)、GDC0941(匹克昔布)、INK128(MLN0128)、INK1117、OSI-027、CC-223、AZD8055、SAR245408、SAR245409、PF04691502、WYE125132、GSK2126458、GSK-2636771、BAY806946、PF-05212384、SF1126、PX866、AMG319、ZSTK474、Cal101(艾德昔布)、PWT33597、CU-906、AZD-2014和CUDC-907。
实施方案38.用于治疗由雌激素受体介导的病症的试剂盒,包含:
a)实施方案27的药物组合物;和
b)使用说明。
实施方案39.实施方案1至26中任一项的化合物,用作治疗活性物质。
实施方案40.实施方案1至26中任一项的化合物,用于治疗ER相关疾病或病症。
实施方案41.实施方案1至26中任一项的化合物在治疗ER相关疾病或病症中的用途。
实施方案42.实施方案1至26中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗ER相关疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
实施方案43.如本申请所述的发明。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的某些实施方案,即附有结构和化学式所说明的实施例。当本发明结合所列举的实施方案描述时,应该理解它们并非意在将本发明局限于那些实施方案。相反地,本发明旨在涵盖可包括在如权利要求所定义的本发明范围内的所有变化、修改和等价形式。本领域技术人员会认识到与本申请描述的方法和物质类似或等价的多种方法和物质,这些方法和物质可用于本发明的实践中。本发明决不限于所描述的方法和物质。如果一篇或多篇引入的文献、专利和类似材料与本申请(包括但不限于所定义的术语、术语的用法、所描述的技术等)不同或矛盾,以本申请为准。除非另外定义,否则本文所用的所有技术和科学术语都具有与由本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解相同的含义。尽管与本文所述的那些方法和材料类似或等效的方法和材料可用于实施或测试本发明,但以下描述合适的方法和材料。本申请所提及的所有公开、专利申请、专利和其他参考文献的全部内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。除非另外指示,否则用于本申请中的命名法基于IUPAC系统命名法。
定义
当指示取代基的数目时,术语“一个或多个”是指从一个取代基至最高可能数目的取代的范围,即一个氢由取代基置换直至所有氢都由取代基置换。术语“取代基”是指替代母体分子上的一个氢原子的原子或原子的基团。术语“取代的”是指带有一个或多个取代基的特定基团。当任何基团可携带多个取代基且提供多种可能的取代基时,独立选择所述取代基且不需要相同。术语“未取代的”是指特定基团不带有取代基。术语“任选取代的”是指特定基团为未取代的或经一个或多个独立选自可能的取代基组的取代基取代。当指示取代基的数目时,术语“一个或多个”是指从一个取代基至最高可能数目的取代,即一个氢由取代基置换直至所有氢都由取代基置换。
本申请使用的术语“烷基”是指具有1-12个碳原子(C1-C12)的饱和直链或支链单价烃基,其中所述烷基可任选独立被一个或多个下文描述的取代基取代。在另一实施方案中,烷基具有一至八个碳原子(C1-C8),或具有一至六个碳原子(C1-C6)。烷基的实例包括,但不限于,甲基(Me,-CH3)、乙基(Et,-CH2CH3)、1-丙基(n-Pr,正丙基,-CH2CH2CH3)、2-丙基(i-Pr,异丙基,-CH(CH3)2)、1-丁基(n-Bu,正丁基,-CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-甲基-1-丙基(i-Bu,异丁基,-CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-丁基(s-Bu,仲丁基,-CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、2-甲基-2-丙基(t-Bu,叔丁基,-C(CH3)3)、1-戊基(正戊基,-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3)、3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、1-己基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-己基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3)、3-己基(-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3))、2-甲基-2-戊基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、4-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-3-戊基(-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2)、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2)、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3、1-庚基、1-辛基等。
本申请使用的术语“烷二基(alkyldiyl)”是指具有1-12个碳原子(C1-C12)的饱和的直链或支链二价烃基,其中所述烷二基可任选独立被一个或多个下文描述的取代基取代。在另一实施方案中,烷二基具有一至八个碳原子(C1-C8),或具有一至六个碳原子(C1-C6)。烷二基的实例包括,但不限于,亚甲基(-CH2-)、亚乙基(-CH2CH2-)、亚丙基(-CH2CH2CH2-)等。烷二基也可称为“亚烷基”。
术语“烯基”是指具有2-8个碳原子(C2-C8)且具有至少一个不饱和位点(即碳碳sp2双键)的直链或支链单价烃基,其中所述烯基可任选独立地被本申请所述的一个或多个取代基取代,并包括具有“顺式”和“反式”取向(或者“E”和“Z”取向)的基团。实例包括但不限于乙烯基(ethylenyl或vinyl)(-CH=CH2)、烯丙基(-CH2CH=CH2)等。
术语“亚烯基”或“烯二基”是指具有2-8个碳原子(C2-C8)且具有至少一个不饱和位点(即,碳碳sp2双键)的直链或支链二价烃基,其中所述烯基可任选独立地被本申请所述的一个或多个取代基取代,并包括具有“顺式”和“反式”取向(或者“E”和“Z”取向)的基团。实例包括但不限于亚乙烯基(-CH=CH-)、亚烯丙基(-CH2CH=CH-)等。
术语“炔基”是指具有2-8个碳原子(C2-C8)且具有至少一个不饱和位点(即碳碳sp三键)的直链或支链单价烃基,其中所述炔基可任选独立地被本申请所述的一个或多个取代基取代。实例包括但不限于乙炔基(-C≡CH)、丙炔基(炔丙基、-CH2C≡CH)等。
术语“亚炔基”或“炔二基”是指具有2-8个碳原子(C2-C8)且具有至少一个不饱和位点(即碳碳sp三键)的直链或支链二价烃基,其中所述炔基可任选独立地被本申请所述的一个或多个取代基取代。实例包括但不限于亚乙炔基(-C≡C-)、亚丙炔基(亚炔丙基、-CH2C≡C-)等。
术语“碳环(carbocycle)”、“碳环基(carbocyclyl)”、“碳环(carbocyclic ring)”和“环烃基(cycloalkyl)”是指具有3至12个碳原子(C3-C12)作为单环或7至12个碳原子作为二环的单价非芳香性饱和或部分饱和的环。具有7至12个原子的二环碳环可排列为例如二环[4,5]、[5,5]、[5,6]或[6,6]系统,具有9或12个环原子的二环碳环可排列为二环[5,6]或[6,6]系统,或排列为桥连系统(bridged system)如二环[2.2.1]庚烷、二环[2.2.2]辛烷和二环[3.2.2]壬烷。螺碳环基也包括在该定义的范围内。螺碳环基的实例包括[2.2]戊基、[2.3]己基和[2.4]庚基。单环碳环的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、1-环戊-1-烯基、1-环戊-2-烯基、1-环戊-3-烯基、环己基、1-环己-1-烯基、1-环己-2-烯基、1-环己-3-烯基、环己二烯基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、环十一碳基、环十二碳基等。碳环基任选独立地被本申请所述的一个或多个取代基取代。
术语“碳环二基”是指具有3至12个碳原子(C3-C12)作为单环或7至12个碳原子作为二环的二价非芳香性饱和或部分饱和的环。
“芳基”表示通过从母体芳族环系中的单个碳原子除去一个氢原子得到的、具有6-20个碳原子(C6-C20)的单价芳族烃基。在示例性结构中一些芳基表示为“Ar”。芳基包括含有与饱和、部分不饱和的环或芳族碳环稠合的芳族环的二环基团。典型的芳基包括但不限于由苯(苯基)、取代的苯、萘、蒽、联苯、茚基(indenyl)、茚满基(indanyl)、1,2-二氢萘、1,2,3,4-四氢萘基等得到的基团。芳基可任选独立地被本申请所述的一个或多个取代基取代。
“亚芳基”或“芳二基”表示通过从母体芳族环系中的两个碳原子除去两个氢原子得到的、具有6-20个碳原子(C6-C20)的二价芳族烃基。在示例性结构中一些芳二基表示为“Ar”。芳二基包括含有与饱和、部分不饱和的环或芳族碳环稠合的芳族环的二环基团。典型的芳二基包括但不限于由苯(苯二基)、取代的苯、亚萘基、亚蒽基、亚联苯、亚茚基(indenylene)、亚茚满基(indanylene)、1,2-二氢萘基、1,2,3,4-四氢萘基等得到的基团。芳二基也称为“亚芳基”,且任选取代有本申请所述的一个或多个取代基。
术语“杂环(heterocycle)”、“杂环基(heterocyclyl)”和“杂环(heterocyclicring)”在本申请中可交换使用,是指具有3至约20个环原子的饱和或部分不饱和(即在环中具有一个或多个双键和/或三键)的碳环基团,其中至少一个环原子为选自氮、氧、磷和硫的杂原子,其余环原子为C,其中一个或多个环原子任选独立地被如下所述的一个或多个取代基取代。杂环可以是具有3至7个环成员(2至6个碳原子以及4至1个选自N、O、P和S中的杂原子)的单环或具有7至10个环成员(4至9个碳原子以及6至1个选自N、O、P和S中的杂原子)的二环,例如二环[4,5]、[5,5]、[5,6]或[6,6]系统。杂环描述在Paquette,Leo A.;“Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry”(W.A.Benjamin,New York,1968),特别是第1、3、4、6、7和9章;“The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds,A series ofMonographs”(John Wiley&Sons,New York,1950to present),特别是第13、14、16、19和28卷;和J.Am.Chem.Soc.(1960)82:5566中。“杂环基”还包括杂环基团与饱和、部分不饱和的环或芳族碳环或杂环稠合的基团。杂环的实例包括但不限于吗啉-4-基、哌啶-1-基、哌嗪基、哌嗪-4-基-2-酮、哌嗪-4-基-3-酮、吡咯烷-1-基、硫吗啉-4-基、S-二氧化硫吗啉-4-基、氮杂辛-1-基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基、八氢吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2-基、[1,4]二氮杂环庚-1-基、吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、哌啶子基、吗啉代、硫吗啉代、硫杂氧杂环己基(thioxanyl)、哌嗪基、高哌嗪基(homopiperazinyl)、氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、高哌啶基(homopiperidinyl)、氧杂环庚烷基(oxepanyl)、硫杂环庚烷基(thiepanyl)、氧杂基(oxazepinyl)、二氮杂基(diazepinyl)、硫杂基(thiazepinyl)、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、二氢吲哚基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、二氧杂环己烷基、1,3-二氧杂环戊基、吡唑啉基、二硫杂环己基(dithianyl)、二硫杂环戊基(dithiolanyl)、二氢吡喃基、二氢噻吩基、二氢呋喃基、吡唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、3-氮杂二环[3.1.0]己烷基、3-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷基、氮杂二环[2.2.2]己烷基、3H-吲哚基、喹嗪基、1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2(3H)-酮-5-基和脲基吡啶基(N-pyridyl urea)。螺环部分也包括在本定义的范围内。螺杂环基部分的实例包括氮杂螺[2.5]辛基和氮杂螺[2.4]庚基。其中两个还原子被氧代(=O)部分取代的杂环基的实例为嘧啶酮基(pyrimidinonyl)和1,1-二氧代-硫吗啉基。本申请的杂环基任选独立地被本申请所述的一个或多个取代基取代。
术语“杂环二基”是指具有3至约20个环原子的二价饱和或部分不饱和(即在环中具有一个或多个双键和/或三键)的碳环基团,其中至少一个环原子为选自氮、氧、磷和硫的杂原子,其余环原子为C,其中一个或多个环原子任选独立地被本申请所述的一个或多个取代基取代。
术语“杂芳基”是指具有5、6或7元环的单价芳族基团,以及包括具有5-20个环原子的稠环系(其中至少一个环是芳族的),其含有独立选自氮、氧和硫中的一个或多个杂原子。杂芳基的实例为吡啶基(包括例如2-羟基吡啶基)、咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、嘧啶基(包括例如4-羟基嘧啶基)、吡唑基、三唑基、吡嗪基、四唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、噁二唑基、噁唑基、异噻唑基、吡咯基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、噌啉基、吲唑基、吲嗪基、酞嗪基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、异吲哚基、蝶啶基、嘌呤基、噁二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、噻二唑基、呋咱基、苯并呋咱基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、二氮杂萘基和呋喃并吡啶基。本申请的杂芳基任选独立地被一个或多个本申请所述的取代基取代。
术语“杂芳二基”是指具有5、6或7元环的二价芳族基团,以及包括具有5-20个环原子的稠环系(其中至少一个环是芳族的),其含有独立选自氮、氧和硫中的一个或多个杂原子。
杂环或杂芳基在适当连接时可以是碳连接的(碳联的)或氮连接的(氮联的)。通过举例而非限制,碳连接的杂环或杂芳基在以下位置进行连接:吡啶的2、3、4、5或6位;哒嗪的3、4、5或6位;嘧啶的2、4、5或6位;吡嗪的2、3、5或6位;呋喃、四氢呋喃、噻吩(thiofuran或thiophen)、吡咯或四氢吡咯的2、3、4或5位;噁唑、咪唑或噻唑的2、4或5位;异噁唑、吡唑或异噻唑的3、4或5位;氮丙啶的2或3位;氮杂环丁烷的2、3或4位;喹啉的2、3、4、5、6、7或8位;或异喹啉的1、3、4、5、6、7或8位。
通过举例而非限制,氮连接的杂环或杂芳基在以下位置进行连接:氮丙啶、氮杂环丁烷、吡咯、吡咯烷、2-吡咯啉、3-吡咯啉、咪唑、咪唑烷、2-咪唑啉、3-咪唑啉、吡唑、吡唑啉、2-吡唑啉、3-吡唑啉、哌啶、哌嗪、吲哚、二氢吲哚、1H-吲唑的1位;异吲哚或异二氢吲哚的2位;吗啉的4位;和咔唑或β-咔啉的9位。
术语“治疗(treat)”和“治疗(treatment)”是指治疗性处置,其中目的是减缓(减轻)不期望的生理学变化或障碍如关节炎或癌症的发展或扩散。出于本发明的目的,有益的或期望的临床结果包括但不限于缓解症状、减小病变程度、稳定(即,并非恶化)疾病状态、延迟或减缓疾病进展、改善或缓和疾病状态以及好转(部分好转或完全好转),无论这些结果是可检测的还是不可检测的。“治疗”还可表示与未接受治疗的预期存活相比延长的存活。需要治疗的对象包括已经患有病症或障碍的对象。
短语“治疗有效量”表示(i)治疗本申请描述的具体疾病、病症或障碍的本发明化合物的量,(ii)削弱、改善或消除本申请描述的具体疾病、病症或障碍中的一种或多种症状的本发明化合物的量,或(iii)预防或延迟本申请描述的具体疾病、病症或障碍中的一种或多种症状的发作的本发明化合物的量。在癌症的情况中,治疗有效量的药物可降低癌细胞的数量;减小肿瘤尺寸;抑制(即在一定程度上减慢以及优选停止)癌细胞渗入周围器官(peripheral organ)中;抑制(即在一定程度上减慢以及优选停止)肿瘤转移;在一定程度上抑制肿瘤生长;和/或在一定程度上缓解与癌症相关的一种或多种症状。如果药物可达到预防现存的癌细胞的生长和/或杀死现存的癌细胞程度,则其可以是细胞生长抑制性的(cytostatic)和/或细胞毒性的。对于癌症治疗而言,可例如通过评价疾病进展时间(TTP)和/或确定应答率(RR)来测量功效。
术语“癌症(cancer)”是指哺乳动物中特征通常为未调节的细胞生长的生理条件或描述所述生理条件。“肿瘤”包含一种或多种癌细胞。癌症的实例包括但不限于癌(carcinoma)、淋巴瘤、母细胞瘤、肉瘤以及白血病(leukemia)或淋巴样恶性肿瘤(lymphoidmalignancy)。所述癌症的更具体的实例包括鳞状细胞癌(例如上皮鳞状细胞癌);肺癌,包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(“NSCLC")、肺腺癌(adenocarcinoma of the lung)和肺鳞状细胞癌(squamous carcinoma of the lung);腹膜癌;肝细胞癌;胃癌(gastric orstomach cancer),包括胃肠癌;胰腺癌;成胶质细胞瘤;子宫颈癌;卵巢癌;肝癌(livercancer);膀胱癌;肝细胞瘤(hepatoma);乳腺癌(breast cancer);结肠癌;直肠癌;结肠直肠癌;子宫内膜癌或子宫癌;唾液腺癌;肾癌或肾癌;前列腺癌;外阴癌(vulval cancer);甲状腺癌;肝脏癌(hepatic carcinoma);肛门癌;阴茎癌;以及头颈癌。
"血液恶性肿瘤"是影响血液、骨髓和淋巴结的癌症类型。由于以上三者经免疫系统直接相连,所以影响三者中一者的疾病也将会影响其他两者:尽管淋巴瘤是淋巴结的疾病,但是其通常扩散至骨髓,进而影响血液。血液恶性肿瘤是恶性肿瘤("癌症"),且其通常经血液学和/或肿瘤学的专家治疗。在某些中心,"血液学/肿瘤学"为内科学的单一附属专业,而在其他中心,它们被认为是分开的学科(它们也为外科和放射肿瘤科)。并非所有血液学病症都是恶性的("癌性");这些其他血液病症也可由血液病学家处置。血液恶性肿瘤可衍生自两种主要血细胞谱系中的任一者:骨髓和淋巴细胞系。骨髓细胞系通常产生粒细胞、红细胞、血小板、巨噬细胞和肥大细胞;淋巴细胞系产生B、T、NK和浆细胞。淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病和骨髓瘤来自淋巴系,而急性和慢性髓细胞性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征和骨髓组织增生性疾病源自骨髓。白血病包括急性成淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)、慢性髓细胞性白血病(CML)、急性单核细胞性白血病(AMOL)和小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤(SLL)。淋巴瘤包括霍奇金淋巴瘤(所有四种亚型)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL,所有亚型)。
“化疗药物”是可用于治疗癌症的化合物,而与其作用机理无关。化疗药物包括,但是不限于:烷化剂、抗代谢药、纺丝体毒植物生物碱(spindle poison plant alkaloids)、细胞毒性/抗肿瘤抗生素(cytotoxic/antitumor antibiotics)、拓扑异构酶抑制剂(topoisomerase inhibitors)、抗体、光敏性药物和激酶抑制剂。化疗药物包括在“靶向疗法”和常规化学疗法中使用的化合物。化疗药物的实例包括:依鲁替尼(IMBRUVICATM,APCI-32765,Pharmacyclics Inc./Janssen Biotech Inc.;CAS Reg.No.936563-96-1,US7514444)、艾德昔布(CAL-101,GS 1101,GS-1101,Gilead Sciences Inc.;CAS Reg.No.1146702-54-6)、厄洛替尼(Genentech/OSI Pharm.)、多西他赛(Sanofi-Aventis)、5-FU(氟尿嘧啶,5-氟尿嘧啶,CAS Reg.No.51-21-8)、吉西他滨(Lilly)、PD-0325901(CAS No.391210-10-9,Pfizer)、顺铂((SP-4-2)-顺二氯化二氨亚铂(II),顺-二胺,二氯化铂(II),CAS No.15663-27-1)、卡铂(CAS No.41575-94-4)、紫杉醇(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.)、曲妥单抗(Genentech)、替莫唑胺(4-甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,6,8-五氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬-2,7,9-三烯-9-甲酰胺,CAS No.85622-93-1,Schering Plough)、他莫昔芬((Z)-2-[4-(1,2-二苯基丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]-N,N-二甲基-乙基胺,)和多柔比星(CASNo.23214-92-8)、Akti-1/2,HPPD和雷帕霉素。
化疗药物包括B细胞受体靶标诸如BTK、Bcl-2的抑制剂和JAK抑制剂。
化疗药物的其它实例包括:奥沙利铂(Sanofi)、硼替佐米(Millennium Pharm.)、舒尼替尼(SU11248,Pfizer)、来曲唑(Novartis)、甲磺酸伊马替尼(Novartis)、XL-518(Mek抑制剂,Exelixis,WO 2007/044515)、ARRY-886(Mek抑制剂,AZD6244,Array BioPharma,Astra Zeneca)、SF-1126(PI3K抑制剂,Semafore Pharmaceuticals)、BEZ-235(PI3K抑制剂,Novartis)、XL-147(PI3K抑制剂,Exelixis)、PTK787/ZK 222584(Novartis)、氟维司群(AstraZeneca)、甲酰四氢叶酸(亚叶酸)、雷帕霉素(西罗莫司,Wyeth)、拉帕替尼(GSK572016,Glaxo Smith Kline)、洛那法尼(SARASARTM,SCH 66336,Schering Plough)、索拉非尼(BAY43-9006,Bayer Labs)、吉非替尼(AstraZeneca)、伊立替康(CPT-11,Pfizer)、替吡法尼(ZARNESTRATM,Johnson&Johnson)、ABRAXANETM(无克列莫佛)、紫杉醇的白蛋白工程化纳米微粒制剂(American Pharmaceutical Partners,Schaumberg,Il)、凡德他尼(rINN,ZD6474,AstraZeneca)、苯丁酸氮芥、AG1478、AG1571(SU5271;Sugen)、坦罗莫司(Wyeth)、帕唑帕尼(GlaxoSmithKline)、canfosfamide(Telik)、塞替派和环磷酰胺( );磺酸烷基酯如白消安、英丙舒凡和哌泊舒凡烷基;氮丙啶如benzodopa、卡波醌、meturedopa和uredopa;乙撑亚胺(ethylenimine)和甲基氨基吖啶(methylamelamine),包括六甲蜜胺、三亚胺嗪(triethylenemelamine)、三亚乙基磷酰胺(triethylenephosphoramide)、三亚乙基硫化磷酰胺(triethylenethiophosphoramide)和trimethylomelamine;番荔枝内酯(acetogenin)(尤其是布拉它辛(bullatacin)和布拉它辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(包括合成性类似物托泊替康(topotecan));苔藓抑素(bryostatin);callystatin;CC-1065(包括其阿多来新(adozelesin)、卡折来新(carzelesin)和比折来新(bizelesin)合成性类似物);cryptophycins(特别是cryptophycin 1和cryptophycin 8);多拉司他汀(dolastatin);duocarmycin(包括合成性类似物KW-2189和CB1-TM1);艾榴塞洛素(eleutherobin);pancratistatin;sarcodictyin;spongistatin;氮芥如苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥、氯磷酰胺(chlorophosphamide)、雌莫司汀、异环磷酰胺、双氯乙基甲胺(mechlorethamine)、盐酸氧氮芥(mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride)、美法仑、新氮芥(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、泼尼莫司汀(prednimustine)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)、尿嘧啶氮芥(uracil mustard);硝基脲如卡莫司汀、氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫斯汀和雷莫司汀;抗生素如烯二炔(enediyne)抗生素(例如刺孢霉素(calicheamicin),刺孢霉素γ1I、刺孢霉素ωI1(AngewChem.Intl.Ed.Engl.(1994)33:183-186);蒽环类抗生素(dynemicin),dynemicin A;二膦酸盐(bisphosphonate)如氯膦酸盐(clodronate);埃斯培拉霉素(esperamicin);以及新抑癌蛋白生色团(neocarzinostatin chromophore)和相关色蛋白烯二炔抗生素生色团(enediyne antibiotic chromophore)、aclacinomysin、放线菌素(actinomycin)、authramycin、偶氮丝氨酸(azaserine)、博来霉素、放线菌素C(cactinomycin)、carabicin、去甲柔红霉素(carminomycin)、嗜癌素(carzinophilin)、色霉素(chromomycin)、放线菌素D(dactinomycin)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、地拖比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮基-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸(6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine)、吗啉代-多柔比星、氰基吗啉代-多柔比星、2-吡咯啉子基-多柔比星和去氧多柔比星、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星、伊达比星、麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin)、丝裂霉素如丝裂霉素C、麦考酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、诺拉霉素(nogalamycin)、橄榄霉素(olivomycins)、培洛霉素(peplomycin)、泊非霉素(porfiromycin)、嘌罗霉素(puromycin)、三铁阿霉素(quelamycin)、罗多比星(rodorubicin)、链黑霉素(streptonigrin)、链佐星(streptozocin)、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星;抗代谢物如甲氨喋呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物如二甲叶酸、甲氨喋呤、喋罗呤(pteropterin)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤类似物如氟达拉滨(fludarabine)、6-巯嘌呤、硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)、硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine);嘧啶类似物如安西他滨(ancitabine)、阿扎胞苷(azacytidine)、6-氮鸟苷(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、二脱氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、伊诺他滨(enocitabine)、氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素如卡普睾酮(calusterone)、丙酸甲雄烷酮(dromostanolonepropionate)、环硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睾内酯(testolactone);抗肾上腺素(anti-adrenal)如氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);叶酸补充剂(folic acid replenisher)如亚叶酸(frolinic acid);醋葡醛内酯(aceglatone);醛磷酰胺糖苷(aldophosphamide glycoside);氨基乙酰丙酸(aminolevulinic acid);恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil);安吖啶(amsacrine);bestrabucil;比生群(bisantrene);伊达曲杀(edatraxate);地磷酰胺(defofamine);秋水仙胺(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);elfornithine;依利醋铵(elliptinium acetate);埃坡霉素(epothilone);依托格鲁(etoglucid);硝酸镓(gallium nitrate);羟基脲(hydroxyurea);香菇多糖(lentinan);氯尼达明(lonidainine);美登醇(maytansinoid)如美登素(maytansine)和安丝菌素(ansamitocin);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);mopidanmol;根瘤菌剂(nitraerine);喷司他丁(pentostatin);蛋氨氮芥(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);鬼臼酸(podophyllinicacid);2-乙基肼;丙卡巴肼(procarbazine);多糖复合物(JHS Natural Products,Eugene,OR);雷佐生(razoxane);根霉素(rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofiran);锗螺胺(spirogermanium);细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亚胺醌(triaziquone);2,2',2"-三氯三乙胺;单端孢菌毒素(trichothecene)(尤其是T-2毒素、verracurin A、杆孢菌素A和anguidine);乌拉坦;长春地辛;达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine);甘露莫司汀(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol);二溴卫矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);gacytosine;阿糖胞苷(arabinoside)(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺;塞替派;6-硫代鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;甲氨喋呤;铂类似物如顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨诺消灵(novantrone);替尼泊苷(teniposide);伊达曲杀(edatrexate);柔红霉素;氨基喋呤;卡培他滨(Roche);伊班膦酸盐(ibandronate);CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(difluoromethylornithine,DMFO);类视黄醇(retinoid)如视黄酸(retinoic acid);以及上述任何物质的可药用盐、酸和衍生物。
以下物质也包括在“化疗药物”的定义中:(i)用于调节或抑制激素对肿瘤的作用的抗激素药物,如抗雌激素药物(anti-estrogen)和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(selectiveestrogen receptor modulator,SERM),包括例如他莫昔芬(包括枸橼酸他莫昔芬)、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬(trioxifene)、雷洛西芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、奥那司酮(onapristone)和(枸橼酸托米芬(toremifine citrate))和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERD)诸如氟维司群(Astra Zeneca);(ii)抑制芳香酶(调节肾上腺中雌激素产生)的芳香酶抑制剂,例如4(5)-咪唑、氨鲁米特、(醋酸甲地孕酮(megestrol acetate))、(依西美坦(exemestane);Pfizer)、formestanie、法倔唑(fadrozole)、(伏氯唑(vorozole))、(来曲唑;Novartis)和(阿那曲唑(anastrozole);AstraZeneca);(iii)抗雄激素药物(anti-androgen),如氟他胺、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide)、醋酸亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)和戈舍瑞林(goserelin)以及曲沙他滨(troxacitabine)(1,3-二氧戊环核苷胞嘧啶类似物);(iv)蛋白激酶抑制剂,例如MEK抑制剂诸如考比替尼(WO 2007/044515);(v)脂质激酶抑制剂诸如他塞利昔布(GDC-0032,Genentech Inc.);(vi)反义寡核苷酸,特别是抑制异常细胞增殖中所涉及的信号转导途径中的基因表达的反义寡核苷酸,例如PKC-α、Raf和H-Ras,如oblimersen(Genta Inc.);(vii)核酶如VEGF表达抑制剂(例如)和HER2表达抑制剂;(viii)疫苗如基因治疗疫苗,例如和拓扑异构酶1抑制剂如 (ix)抗血管生成药物如贝伐单抗(Genentech);以及上述任何物质的可药用盐、酸和衍生物。
还包括在“化疗药物”定义中的有治疗性抗体,比如阿仑珠单抗(alemtuzumab,Campath)、贝伐珠单抗(Genentech);西妥昔单抗(Imclone);帕木单抗(panitumumab,Amgen)、利妥昔单抗(Genentech/Biogen Idec)、培妥珠单抗(pertuzumab,2C4,Genentech)、曲妥单抗(Genentech)、曲妥单抗恩坦辛(Genentech Inc.)和托西莫单抗单抗(BEXXAR,Corixia)。
“代谢物”是通过具体化合物或其盐在体内的代谢而产生的产物。可使用本领域已知的常规技术鉴定化合物的代谢物,并使用如本申请所述的试验确定它们的活性。所述产物可起因于例如所给药的化合物的氧化、还原、水解、酰胺化、脱酰胺化、酯化、脱酯化、酶法裂解等。因此,本发明包括本发明化合物的代谢物,包括由以下方法产生的化合物,所述方法包括使本发明的式I化合物与哺乳动物接触足以产生其代谢产物的一段时间。
术语“包装说明书”是指通常包括在治疗产品的市售包装中的说明书,其含有关于适应症、用法、剂量、给药、禁忌症和/或注意事项的信息,这些信息涉及上述治疗产品的使用。
术语“手性”是指具有镜像配偶体(mirror image partner)不可重叠性质的分子,而术语“非手性”是指可与其镜像配偶体重叠的分子。
术语“立体异构体”是指具有相同化学组成但原子或基团的取向在空间上的排列不同的化合物。
“非对映异构体”是指具有两个或更多手性中心并且其分子不互为镜像的立体异构体。非对映异构体具有不同的物理性质,如熔点、沸点、光谱性质和反应性。非对映异构体的混合物可通过高分辨分析操作如电泳和色谱来分离。
“对映异构体”是指互为不可重叠镜像的化合物的两种立体异构体。
本申请使用的立体化学定义和常规通常遵循S.P.Parker,Ed.,McGraw-HillDictionary of Chemical Terms(1984)McGraw-Hill Book Company,New York;andEliel,E.and Wilen,S.,“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994。本发明化合物可含有不对称或手性中心,因此以不同立体异构形式存在。预期的是,本发明化合物的所有立体异构形式,包括但不限于非对映异构体、对映异构体和阻转异构体(atropisomers)及它们的混合物如外消旋混合物,形成了本发明的部分。许多有机化合物以光学活性形式存在,即它们具有旋转平面偏振光的平面的能力。在描述有光学活性的化合物时,使用前缀D和L或者R和S来表示分子关于其一个或多个手性中心的绝对构型。前缀d和l或者(+)和(-)用于指定平面偏振光由化合物引起的旋转的符号,其中(-)或l表示化合物是左旋的。前缀为(+)或d的化合物是右旋的。对于给定的化学结构而言,除了这些立体异构体互为镜像外,这些立体异构体是相同的。具体的立体异构体也可称为对映异构体,所述异构体的混合物通常称作对映异构混合物。对映异构体的50:50混合物称为外消旋混合物或外消旋体,当化学反应或方法中没有立体选择性或立体专一性时可出现这种情况。术语“外消旋混合物”和“外消旋体”是指两种对映异构物质的等摩尔混合物,其没有光学活性。对映异构体可由外消旋混合物分离,其通过手性分离方法诸如超临界流体色谱(SFC)。在分离的对映异构体中的手性中心处的构型指定可为推测的,且针对示例性目的描绘于表1结构中,而立体化学最终由诸如X射线晶体学数据确立。
术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构形式”是指可通过低能垒(low energy barrier)互相转化的不同能量的结构异构体。例如,质子互变异构体(proton tautomer)(也称为质子移变互变异构体(prototropic tautomer))包括通过质子迁移进行的互相转化,如酮-烯醇异构化和亚胺-烯胺异构化。价键互变异构体(valence tautomer)包括通过一些成键电子的重组进行的互相转化。
术语“药用盐”是指不会在生物学或其他方面不期望的盐。药用盐包括酸和碱加成盐。短语“药用”是指物质或组合物必须与构成制剂的其他成分和/或正用其治疗的哺乳动物在化学上和/或毒理学上相容。
术语“药用酸加成盐”表示与以下形成的药用盐:无机酸,诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、碳酸、磷酸;及选自脂族、环脂族、芳族、芳脂族、杂环、羧酸及磺酸类有机酸的有机酸,诸如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、苹果酸、顺丁烯二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、反丁烯二酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、天冬氨酸、抗坏血酸、谷氨酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、双羟萘酸、苯乙酸、甲磺酸“甲磺酸盐”、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸及水杨酸。
术语“药用碱加成盐”表示与有机碱或无机碱形成的那些药用盐。可接受的无机碱的实例包括钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、锌盐、铜盐、锰盐及铝盐。衍生自药用有机无毒碱的盐包括以下的盐:伯胺、仲胺及叔胺、经取代的胺(包括天然存在的经取代的胺)、环胺及碱性离子交换树脂,诸如异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、乙醇胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、氨基丁三醇、二环己胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、咖啡因、普鲁卡因、哈胺、胆碱、甜菜碱、乙二胺、葡糖胺、甲基葡糖胺、可可碱、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶及聚胺树脂。
“溶剂化物”是指一或多个溶剂分子与本发明化合物的缔合物或复合物。形成溶剂化物的溶剂的实例包括(但不限于)水、异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、乙酸(AcOH)及乙醇胺。
术语“EC50”为半数最大有效浓度且表示体内获得特定作用最大值的50%所需的特定化合物的血浆浓度。
术语“Ki”为抑制常数且表示特定抑制剂对受体的绝对结合亲和力。其使用竞争结合测定来测量,且等于不存在竞争配体(例如放射性配体)时特定抑制剂占据50%受体的浓度。Ki值可对数转化成pKi值(-log Ki),其中较高值指示按指数形式增大的效能。
术语“IC50”为半数最大抑制浓度且表示获得体外生物过程50%抑制所需的特定化合物浓度。IC50值可对数转化为pIC50值(-log IC50),其中较大值指示按指数形式增大的效能。IC50值不为绝对值而是取决于实验条件,例如所用浓度,且可使用Cheng-Prusoff方程式(Biochem.Pharmacol.(1973)22:3099)转化为绝对抑制常数(Ki)。可计算其他抑制参数%,诸如IC70、IC90等。
术语“本发明化合物”和“式I化合物”包括式I化合物及其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物及药用盐及前药。
本文所给定的任何式或结构(包括式I化合物)也意欲表示所述化合物的水合物、溶剂化物及多晶型物及其混合物。
本文所给定的任何式或结构(包括式I化合物)也意欲表示化合物的未标记形式以及同位素标记形式。经同位素标记的化合物具有由本文给出的式所描绘的结构,不同之处在于一或多个原子由具有所选原子质量或质量数的原子置换。可并入本发明的化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟及氯的同位素,诸如(但不限于)2H(氘,D)、3H(氚)、11C、13C、14C、15N、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl及125I。本发明的经各种同位素标记的化合物,例如并入诸如3H、13C及14C的放射性同位素的化合物。所述经同位素标记的化合物可适用于代谢研究、反应动力学研究、检测或成像技术(诸如正电子发射断层摄影法(PET)或单光子发射电脑断层摄影法(SPECT),包括药物或底物组织分布测定)或用于患者的放射性治疗。本发明的经氘标记或取代的治疗性化合物可具有改善的DMPK(药物代谢及药物动力学)特性,所述特性与分布、代谢及排泄(ADME)相关。用诸如氘的较重同位素取代可得到某些由更大代谢稳定性产生的治疗优势,例如增加的体内半衰期或降低的剂量需求。经18F标记的化合物可适用于PET或SPECT研究。本发明的经同位素标记的化合物及其前药一般可通过进行下文所述的方案中或实施例及制备中所公开的操作通过用易于得到的经同位素标记的试剂取代未经同位素标记的试剂来制备。此外,用较重的同位素,尤其氘(即,2H或D)取代可得到由较大代谢稳定性产生的某些治疗优势,例如体内半衰期增加或剂量需求降低或治疗指数改善。应了解,在此情形下氘视为式(I)化合物的取代基。可通过同位素富集因子来限定所述较重同位素(尤其氘)的浓度。在本发明化合物中,不特定指定特定同位素的任何原子意欲表示该原子的任何稳定同位素。除非另外陈述,否则当位置被特定指定为“H”或“氢”时,应了解该位置在其天然丰度同位素组成中具有氢。因此,在本发明化合物中,特定称为氘(D)的任何原子意谓表示氘。
雌激素受体
雌激素受体α(ER-α;NR3A1)和雌激素受体β(ER-β;NR3A2)是类固醇激素受体,它们是大核受体超家族的成员。核受体具有相同的模块结构,该结构至少包括DNA结合域(DBD)和配体结合域(LBD)。类固醇激素受体是可溶性的细胞内蛋白质,其作为配体调节的转录因子起作用。脊椎动物含有5种密切相关的类固醇激素受体(雌激素受体、雄激素受体、孕酮受体、糖皮质激素受体、盐皮质激素受体),它们调节大范围的生殖、代谢和发育活性。通过包括17β-雌二醇和雌酮在内的内源性雌激素的结合来控制ER的活性。
ER-α基因位于6q25.1上并且编码595个氨基酸的蛋白质。ER-β基因位于染色体14q23.3上并且产生530个氨基酸的蛋白质。然而,由于可变剪接和翻译起始位点,这些基因中的每一个可产生多个同工型。除了DNA结合域(称为C域)和配体结合域(E域)以外,这些受体还含有N-末端(A/B)域、连接C域和E域的铰链(D)域以及C-末端延伸(F域)(Gronemeyer和Laudet;Protein Profile 2:1173-1308,1995)。ER-α和ER-β的C域和E域非常保守(分别具有95%和55%的氨基酸同一性),而A/B、D域和F域的保守性较差(低于30%的氨基酸同一性)。两种受体都参与女性生殖道的调节和发育,但是也在中枢神经系统、心血管系统和骨代谢中发挥不同的作用。
类固醇激素受体的配体结合袋深埋在配体结合域内。在结合后,配体变成该域的疏水核心的一部分。因此大部分类固醇激素受体在不存在激素的情况下不稳定,并且为了保持激素结合能力需要伴侣蛋白如Hsp90的帮助。与Hsp90的相互作用也控制这些受体的核转位。配体结合稳定了受体,并且启动连续的构象变化,该构象变化释放伴侣蛋白,改变各个受体结构域之间的相互作用并重建允许这些受体转位到核内的蛋白质相互作用表面,结合DNA并参与同染色质重建复合物的相互作用和转录机制。尽管ER能够与Hsp90相互作用,但是激素结合不需要这种相互作用,并且取决于细胞环境,apo-ER既可以是细胞质的,也可以是细胞核的。生物物理学研究表明,是DNA结合而不是配体结合对受体的稳定性作出贡献(Greenfield et al.,Biochemistry40:6646-6652,2001)。
ER能够通过结合到被称为雌激素应答元件(ERE)的特定DNA基序而直接地与DNA相互作用(经典途径),也可以通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用而间接地与DNA相互作用(非经典途径)(Welboren et al.,Endocrine-Related Cancer 16:1073-1089,2009)。在非经典途径中,已证明ER栓系到包括SP-1、AP-1和NF-κB在内的其它转录因子上。这些相互作用似乎在ER调节细胞增殖和分化的能力中起关键作用。
两种类型的ER DNA相互作用都可以导致基因激活或抑制,这取决于由各自的ER-ERE复合物募集的转录共调节剂(Klinge,Steroid 65:227-251,2000)。共调节剂的募集主要由两种蛋白质相互作用表面即AF2和AF1来介导。AF2位于ER E-域中,其构象由配体直接调节(Brzozowski et al.,Nature389:753-758,1997)。完全激动剂似乎促进共激活剂的募集,而弱激动剂和拮抗剂则促进协阻遏物的结合。关于AF1对蛋白质的调节知之甚少,但是它可以通过丝氨酸磷酸化来控制(Ward and Weigel,Biofactors 35:528-536,2009)。一个有关的磷酸化位点(S118)似乎在拮抗剂如他莫昔芬的存在下控制ER的转录活性,它在乳腺癌的治疗中起重要作用。完全激动剂似乎将ER阻滞于某些构象,而弱激动剂倾向于使ER在不同构象之间保持平衡,从而允许共调节剂所有组成成分中依赖于细胞的差别以依赖于细胞的方式调节ER的活性(Tamrazi et al.,Mol.Endocrinol.17:2593-2602,2003)。ER与DNA的相互作用是动态的,包括但不限于蛋白酶体对ER的降解(Reid et al.,Mol Cell 11:695-707,2003)。配体对ER的降解提供了一种具有吸引力的、针对雌激素敏感的和/或对可用的抗激素治疗具有抗性的疾病或病症的治疗策略。ER信号传导对于包括乳房、排卵和子宫内膜增厚在内的女性生殖器官的发育和保持至关重要。ER信号传导还在骨量、脂类代谢、癌症等中具有作用。大约70%的乳腺癌表达ER-α(ER-α阳性),并且其生长和存活依赖于雌激素。其它癌症的生长和存活也被认为依赖于ER-α信号传导,例如卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌。ER-α拮抗剂他莫昔芬已经用于治疗绝经前和绝经后妇女中的早期和晚期ER-α阳性乳腺癌。氟维司群(AstraZeneca),一种基于类固醇的ER拮抗剂,用于治疗尽管用他莫昔芬治疗但仍然进展的妇女中的乳腺癌(Howell A.(2006)Endocr Relat Cancer;13:689–706;US 6774122;US 7456160;US8329680;US 8466139)。甾类和非甾类芳香酶抑制剂也用于治疗人类的癌症。在一些实施方案中,甾类和非甾类芳香酶抑制剂阻断绝经后妇女中由雄烯二酮和睾酮生成雌激素,从而阻断了癌症中的ER依赖性生长。除了这些抗激素剂以外,在有些情况下还用多种其它化疗剂,例如,蒽环类、铂类、紫杉烷类,来治疗进行性的ER阳性乳腺癌。在一些情况下,用单克隆抗体曲妥珠单抗(Genentech Inc.)或小分子全-ERB-B抑制剂拉帕替尼(GlaxoSmith Kline Corp.)治疗具有ERB-B/HER2酪氨酸激酶受体的基团扩增的ER阳性乳腺癌。尽管进行了这一系列抗激素、化学治疗及基于小分子和抗体的靶向治疗,但是许多ER-α阳性乳腺癌妇女仍发展为进行性转移性疾病,因而需要新的疗法。重要的是,对于大多数在现有的抗激素以及其它治疗下仍然进展的ER阳性肿瘤,认为其生长和存活仍然依赖于ER-α。因此,需要在转移性疾病和获得抗性的情况下具有活性的新的ER-α靶向剂。在一个方面,本申请描述了作为选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM)的化合物。在特定实施方案中,本申请描述的SERM是选择性雌激素受体降解剂(SERD)。在一些实施方案中,在基于细胞的试验中,本申请所述的化合物导致稳态ER-α水平的降低(即ER降解),并且可用于治疗雌激素敏感的疾病或病症和/或已发展了针对抗激素治疗的抗性的疾病或病症。
大多数乳腺癌患者用阻断雌激素合成(例如芳香酶抑制剂;AI)或经由竞争性ER结合拮抗雌二醇的作用(例如他莫昔芬)的药物治疗(Puhalla S,et al Mol Oncol 2012;6(2):222-236)。尽管这些药物在疾病的各种阶段中的治疗效用有充分记录,但多种ER+乳腺癌复发且患者最终死亡。近年来,下一代全基因组及标靶测序已在来自患有晚期乳腺癌的已进行内分泌疗法(主要芳香酶抑制剂)的患者的多达20%的肿瘤中鉴别到ESR1(雌激素受体α基因)突变(Li S,et al.Cell Rep(2013);4(6):1116-1130;Merenbakh-Lamin K,etal.Cancer Res(2013);73(23):6856-6864;Robinson DR,et al.Nat Genet(2013);45(12):1446-1451;Toy W,et al.Nat Genet(2013);45(12):1439-1445;Jeselsohn R,etal.Clin Cancer Res(2014);20:1757-1767)。这些配体结合域(LBD)突变赋予apo-受体的高基础活性,从而使其配体独立,因此在低雌二醇情况下具有活性。需要在AI或他莫昔芬治疗后的进行性疾病情况(包括含有ESR1突变肿瘤的患者的亚组)下以稳固活性靶向ER信号传导的疗法。
在一些实施方案中,将本文所揭示的式I化合物用于治疗特征为ESR1基因具有突变的患者的激素抗性雌激素受体(ER)阳性乳腺癌的方法中,所述方法包括给予治疗有效量的式I化合物。在一些实施例中,ESR1基因突变产生ER多肽,其在选自氨基酸位置SEQ IDNO:2的6、118、269、311、341、350、380、392、394、433、463、503、534、535、536、537、538和555的位置处具有氨基酸取代。在一些实施方案中,突变产生ER多肽,其具有选自H6Y、S118P、R269C、T311M、S341L、A350E、E380Q、V392I、R394H、S433P、S463P、R503W、V534E、P535H、L536R、L536P、L536Q、Y537N、Y537C、Y537S、D538G和R555C的氨基酸取代。在一些实施方案中,患者的ESR1基因具有两个或两个以上突变。
鉴于ER-α在乳腺癌发展和进展中的核心作用,本申请公开的化合物可以单独地或与其它能够调节乳腺癌中其它关键途径的药物联合地用于乳腺癌的治疗,所述其它药物包括但不限于靶向IGF1R、EGFR、erB-B2和3、PI3K/AKT/mTOR轴、HSP90、PARP或组蛋白脱乙酰酶的药物。
鉴于ER-α在乳腺癌发展和进展中的核心作用,本申请公开的式I化合物可以单独地或与其它用来治疗乳腺癌的药物联合地用于乳腺癌的治疗,该其它药物包括但不限于芳香酶抑制剂、蒽环类、铂类、氮芥烷化剂、紫杉烷类。用来治疗乳腺癌的示例性药物包括但不限于PI3K抑制剂诸如他塞利昔布(GDC-0032,Genentech Inc.)、紫杉醇、阿那曲唑、依西美坦、环磷酰胺、表柔比星、氟维司群、来曲唑(Novartis、Corp.)、吉西他滨、曲妥单抗、聚乙二醇非格司亭、非格司亭、他莫昔芬、多西他赛、托瑞米芬、长春瑞滨、卡培他滨(Roche)、伊沙匹隆以及本申请所述的其它药物。
ER-相关疾病或病症包括与癌症(骨癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌和子宫癌)相关的ER-α功能障碍、中枢神经系统(CNS)缺陷(酒精中毒、偏头痛)、心血管系统缺陷(主动脉瘤、心肌梗死易感性、主动脉瓣硬化、心血管疾病、冠状动脉疾病、高血压)、血液系统缺陷(深静脉血栓形成)、免疫及炎症疾病(格雷夫斯病、关节炎、多发性硬化、硬化)、感染易感性(乙型肝炎、慢性肝病)、代谢缺陷(骨密度、胆汁淤积、尿道下裂、肥胖症、骨关节炎、骨质减少、骨质疏松症)、神经缺陷(阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、偏头痛、眩晕)、精神缺陷(神经性厌食、注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)、痴呆、严重抑郁障碍、精神病)和生殖缺陷(月经初潮年龄、子宫内膜异位症、不育症)。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用于治疗哺乳动物中的雌激素受体依赖的或雌激素受体介导的疾病或病症。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用于治疗哺乳动物中的癌症。在一些实施方案中,该癌症是乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、前列腺癌或子宫癌。在一些实施方案中,该癌症是乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、前列腺癌或子宫癌。在一些实施方案中,该癌症是乳腺癌。在一些实施方案中,该癌症是激素依赖性癌症。在一些实施方案中,该癌症是雌激素受体依赖性癌症。在一些实施方案中,该癌症是雌激素敏感的癌症。在一些实施方案中,该癌症对于抗激素治疗具有抗性。在一些实施方案中,该癌症是对于抗激素治疗具有抗性的雌激素敏感的癌症或雌激素受体依赖的癌症。在一些实施方案中,该癌症是对于抗激素治疗具有抗性的激素敏感的癌症或激素受体依赖的癌症。在一些实施方案中,抗激素治疗包括使用至少一种选自他莫昔芬、氟维司群、甾类芳香酶抑制剂和非甾类芳香酶抑制剂的药物进行的治疗。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用来治疗在抗雌激素治疗后疾病进展的绝经后妇女中的激素受体阳性转移性乳腺癌。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用来治疗哺乳动物中乳房或生殖道的激素依赖性良性或恶性疾病。在一些实施方案中,该良性或恶性疾病是乳腺癌。
在一些实施方案中,本申请所述的任一种方法中使用的化合物是雌激素受体降解剂;是雌激素受体拮抗剂;具有最低的或可忽略的雌激素受体激动剂活性;或是其组合。
在一些实施方案中,用本申请所述的化合物进行治疗的方法包括一种治疗方案,其包括向哺乳动物给予放射疗法。
在一些实施方案中,用本申请所述的化合物进行治疗的方法包括在手术之前或之后给予该化合物。
在一些实施方案中,用本申请所述的化合物进行治疗的方法包括向哺乳动物给予至少一种另外的抗癌剂。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用来治疗哺乳动物中的癌症,其中该哺乳动物是未经化疗的。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用于哺乳动物中癌症的治疗。在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用来治疗哺乳动物中的癌症,其中所述哺乳动物正在用至少一种抗癌剂治疗癌症。在一个实施方案中,该癌症是激素难治性癌症。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用于治疗或预防哺乳动物中子宫的疾病或病症。在一些实施方案中,所述子宫的疾病或病症是平滑肌瘤、子宫平滑肌瘤、子宫内膜增生或子宫内膜异位症。在一些实施方案中,所述子宫的疾病或病症是子宫的癌性疾病或病症。在一些其它实施方案中,所述子宫的疾病或病症是子宫的非癌性疾病或病症。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用于哺乳动物中的子宫内膜异位症的治疗。
在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用于哺乳动物中的平滑肌瘤的治疗。在一些实施方案中,所述平滑肌瘤是子宫平滑肌瘤、食管平滑肌瘤、皮肤平滑肌瘤或小肠平滑肌瘤。在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用于哺乳动物中纤维瘤的治疗。在一些实施方案中,本申请公开的化合物用于哺乳动物中的子宫纤维瘤的治疗。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及本申请公开的化合物,其用作治疗活性物质。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及本申请公开的化合物,其用于治疗ER相关疾病或病症。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及本申请公开的化合物在治疗ER相关疾病或病症中的用途。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及本申请公开的化合物在制备用于治疗ER相关疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基化合物
本发明提供式I包括式Ia-If的四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基化合物,及其药物制剂,其潜在地用于治疗由雌激素受体α(ERa)调节的疾病、病症和/或障碍。
式I化合物及其立体异构体、互变异构体或药用盐具有结构:
其中:
Y1为CRb或N;
Y2为-(CH2)-、-(CH2CH2)-或NRa;
Y3为NRa或C(Rb)2;
其中Y1、Y2和Y3中的一个为N或NRa;
Ra选自H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C8烯基、炔丙基、C3-C6环烷基和C3-C6杂环基,其任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、OH、OCH3和SO2CH3;
Rb独立选自H、-O(C1-C3烷基)、C1-C6烷基、C2-C8烯基、炔丙基、-(C1-C6烷二基)-(C3-C6环烷基)、C3-C6环烷基和C3-C6杂环基,其任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CH2F、OH、OCH3和SO2CH3;
Rc选自H、C1-C6烷基、烯丙基、炔丙基,其任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、OH、OCH3和SO2CH3;
Z1选自CRaRb、C(O)和键;
Cy选自C6-C20芳二基、C3-C12碳环二基、C2-C20杂环二基和C1-C20杂芳二基;
Z2选自O、S、NRa、C1-C6烷二基、C1-C6氟烷二基、O-(C1-C6烷二基)、O-(C1-C6氟烷二基)、C(O)和键;
R1、R2、R3和R4独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮和吗啉代;
R5选自H、C1-C9烷基、C3-C9环烷基、C3-C9杂环、C6-C9芳基、C6-C9杂芳基、-(C1-C6烷二基)-(C3-C9环烷基)、-(C1-C6烷二基)-(C3-C9杂环)、C(O)Rb、C(O)NRa、SO2Ra和SO2NRa,其任选取代有一个或多个卤素、CN、ORa、N(Ra)2、C1-C9烷基、C3-C9环烷基、C3-C9杂环、C6-C9芳基、C6-C9杂芳基、C(O)Rb、C(O)NRa、SO2Ra和SO2NRa;
R6选自F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮和吗啉代;且
m选自0、1、2、3和4;
其中烷二基、氟烷二基、芳二基、碳环二基、杂环二基和杂芳二基任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CH2F、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮和吗啉代。
式Ia-k化合物具有结构:
其中R7为F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮和吗啉代;且
n选自0、1、2、3和4;
其中R8为H或-CH3;
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中Y1为CRb且Y3为NRa。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中Y1为N且Y3为C(Rb)2。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中Y2为-(CH2)-。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中Y2为-(CH2CH2)-。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中Rc为H。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中Cy为C6-C20芳二基,C6-C20芳二基为苯二基,且苯二基取代有一个或多个F。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R1和R2为H。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R3为H,且R4为-CH3。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R5为C1-C6氟烷基。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中m为0。
本发明还提供式XI包括式Xia的四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基化合物,及其药物制剂,其潜在地用于治疗由雌激素受体α(ERa)调节的疾病、病症和/或障碍。
在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物具有以下式(XI)结构:
其中:
Z1和Z2独立选自-O-、-(CH2)-、-C(O)-或键;
Cy为C6-C20芳基、C3-C12碳环基、C2-C20杂环基或C1-C20杂芳基;
X为-(CH2)-或-(CH2CH2)-;
R1选自H、F、Cl、-CN、-CH2OH、-CH(CH3)OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(CF3)OH、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2CHF2、-CF3、-CH3、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NHCH3和-C(O)N(CH3)2;
每个R2独立选自卤素、-CN、-OR10、-NR13R14、C1-C6烷基、C3-C8碳环基、-C1-C6烷基-OH、C3-C8碳环基-OH、-OC2-C6烷基-OH、C1-C6氟烷基、C3-C8氟碳环基、-C(=O)OR12、-NHC(=O)R11、-C(=O)NHR12、-SO2R11、-NHSO2R11和-SO2NHR12;
R4和R5各自独立选自C1-C6烷基、C3-C8碳环基、-C1-C6烷基-OH、C3-C8碳环基-OH、C1-C6氟烷基、C3-C8氟碳环基、-C(=O)OR12;
R9独立选自C1-C6烷基、C3-C8碳环基、-C1-C6烷基-OH、C3-C8碳环基-OH、C1-C6氟烷基、C3-C8氟碳环基、C2-C9杂环基、C6-C10芳基和C1-C10杂芳基;
R19独立选自H、C1-C6烷基、C3-C8碳环基、-C1-C6烷基-OH、C3-C8碳环基-OH、C1-C6氟烷基、C3-C8氟碳环基、-C(=O)OR12、-C(=O)NHR12、-SO2R11、-NHSO2R11、-SO2NHR12、C6-C10芳基和C1-C10杂芳基;
每个R10独立选自H、C1-C4烷基和C1-C4氟烷基;
每个R11独立选自C1-C4烷基和C1-C4氟烷基;
每个R12独立选自H、C1-C4烷基和C1-C4氟烷基;
每个R13且每个R14独立选自H和C1-C4烷基;且
m为0、1、2或3;
或其药用盐、溶剂化物或前药。
在一些实施方案中,式(XI)化合物具有式(XIa)结构:
其中R2a独立为H或F,n为0、1或2,且R4和R5独立为H或甲基。
在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z1为键。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z1为-O-。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z1为-(CH2)-。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z1为-C(O)-。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z2为键。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z2为-O-。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z2为-(CH2)-。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z2为-C(O)-。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为C6-C20芳基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为苯基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为C3-C12碳环基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为环己基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为C2-C20杂环基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为吡嗪基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为哌啶基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为C1-C20杂芳基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为噻唑基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为噁唑基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Cy为吡啶基。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中R1为H。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中R1为-CH3。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中X为-(CH2)-。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中X为-(CH2)-且R1为H。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中X为-(CH2CH2)-。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中X为-(CH2CH2)-且R1为H。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中X为-(CH2CH2)-且R1为-CH3。
在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z1为键,Z2为-O-,Cy为苯基,X为-(CH2)-,且R1为H。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z1为键,Z2为-O-,Cy为苯基,X为-(CH2CH2)-,且R1为H。在一些实施方案为式(XI)化合物,其中Z1为键,Z2为-O-,Cy为苯基,X为-(CH2CH2)-且R1为-CH3。
生物学评价
式I化合物作为酶活性(或其他生物活性)的抑制剂的相对效能可通过确定每个化合物以预定程度抑制活性的浓度、然后比较结果来建立。典型地,优选的确定为在生物化学测定中抑制50%活性的浓度,即50%抑制浓度或“IC50”。IC50值的确定可使用本领域已知的常规技术来完成。一般地,IC50可通过在一定范围的浓度的所研究的抑制剂的存在下测量给定酶的活性来确定。然后将通过实验获得的酶活性值针对所用的抑制剂浓度来绘制曲线。显示50%酶活性(相比于不存在任何抑制剂下的活性)的抑制剂浓度作为IC50值。类似地,其他抑制浓度可通过适当的活性确定来定义。例如,在一些情况下,理想的是建立90%抑制浓度,即IC90等。
式I化合物的细胞增殖、细胞毒性和细胞存活可通过发光细胞存活力测定(Promega Corp.)来测量。发光细胞存活力测定是一种基于对存在的ATP定量而用于确定培养物中存活细胞数量的均相方法,这表示代谢活性细胞的存在。测定设计用于多孔板格式,使其对于自动化高通量筛选(HTS)、细胞增殖和细胞毒性测定而言是理想的。均相测定操作涉及将单一试剂(试剂)直接添加至在补充有血清的培养基中培养的细胞中。不需要细胞清洗、去除培养基或多个移液步骤。在添加试剂和混合后的10分钟内,系统在384孔格式中检测到少至15个细胞/孔。
制备表1和2中的所有示例性式I化合物并通过具有检测母离子的LCMS[M+H]+(液相色谱-质谱)表征。表1和2中的所有示例性式I化合物根据实施例901-907的测定、程序和操作针对与ERa(雌激素受体α)的结合和生物学活性进行测试。表1中的ER-αMCF7 HCS Sinf(%)值通过实施例901的乳腺癌细胞ERa高含量荧光成像降解测定来测量。表1和2中的ER-αMCF7 HCS EC50(μM)值通过实施例902和903中所述的体外细胞增殖测定来测量。实施例906和907的大鼠子宫湿重测定允许快速确定在ER响应组织(未成熟的大鼠子宫)中的化合物拮抗剂活性而竞争天然ER配体雌二醇,即拮抗剂模式(Ashby,J.;et al(1997)Regulatorytoxicology and pharmacology:RTP,25(3):226-31)。表1和2的示例性式I化合物具有以下结构、相应命名(ChemBioDraw,Version 12.0.2,CambridgeSoft Corp.,Cambridge MA)和生物活性。当多于一种命名与式I化合物或中间体相关时,化学结构应当定义该化合物。
表1
表2
式I的化合物的给药
本发明化合物可通过适于待治疗的病症的任何途径给药。合适的途径包括口服、肠胃外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内、动脉内、皮内、鞘内和硬膜外)、经皮、直肠、经鼻、局部(包括口腔和舌下)、阴道、腹膜内、肺内和鼻内。对于局部免疫抑制治疗而言,化合物可通过损伤区给药(包括灌注或在移植前使移植物与抑制剂接触)来给药。应该理解的是优选的途径可随例如受体的条件而变化。当口服给药化合物时,可将其与药用载体或赋形剂配制成丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂等。当化合物肠胃外给药时,可将其与药用肠胃外媒介物一起配制,并且呈如下文详述的单位剂量可注射形式。
治疗人类患者的剂量可为约10毫克至约1000毫克的式I化合物。典型的剂量可为约100毫克至约300毫克化合物。剂量可每日一次(QID)、每日两次(BID)或更频繁给药,这取决于药物代谢动力学和药效学性质,包括具体化合物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄。此外,毒性因素可能影响剂量和给药方案。当口服给药时,在指定时间期限内,丸剂、胶囊剂或片剂可每日服用,或以更低的频率服用。所述方案可重复多个治疗周期。
用式I化合物治疗的方法
本发明的式I化合物适用于治疗如下人类或动物,其患有由异常细胞生长、与USP7相关的功能或行为引起的疾病或病症,诸如免疫病症、心血管疾病、病毒感染、发炎、代谢/内分泌病症或神经病症,因此可通过包括向其给予如上文所定义的本发明化合物的方法治疗。患有癌症的人类或动物患者也可通过包括向其给予如上文所定义的本发明化合物的方法治疗。从而患者的病症可改善或缓解。
本发明的方法也包括治疗如下癌症,其选自乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫颈癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、泌尿生殖道癌、食道癌、喉癌、成胶质细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、胃癌、皮肤癌、角化棘皮瘤、肺癌、表皮样癌瘤、大细胞癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、小细胞癌瘤、肺腺癌、骨癌、结肠癌、腺瘤、胰腺癌、腺癌、甲状腺癌、滤泡癌瘤、未分化癌瘤、乳头状癌瘤、精原细胞瘤、黑色素瘤、肉瘤、膀胱癌瘤、肝癌瘤及胆道癌、肾脏癌瘤、胰腺癌、骨髓病症、淋巴瘤、毛细胞癌、口腔癌、鼻咽癌、咽癌、唇癌、舌癌、口癌、小肠癌、结肠-直肠癌、大肠癌、直肠癌、脑癌及中枢神经系统癌症、霍奇金病、白血病、支气管癌、甲状腺癌、肝癌及肝内胆管癌、肝细胞癌、胃癌、神经胶质瘤/成胶质细胞瘤、子宫内膜癌、黑色素瘤、肾癌及肾盂癌、膀胱癌、子宫体癌、子宫颈癌、多发性骨髓瘤、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴性白血病(CLL)、骨髓白血病、口腔及咽癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤及绒毛状结肠腺瘤。
药物制剂
为了使用本发明化合物用于对哺乳动物(包括人)进行治疗性处置,通常根据标准药学实践将其配制为药物组合物。根据本发明的这一方面,其提供了药物组合物,其包含本发明化合物,以及结合有药用稀释剂或载体。
典型的制剂通过将本发明化合物与载体、稀释剂或赋形剂混合来制备。合适的载体、稀释剂和赋形剂是本领域技术人员公知的,并且包括以下物质,如碳水化合物、蜡、水溶性聚合物和/或水可溶胀聚合物(swellable polymer)、亲水性物质或疏水性物质、明胶、油、溶剂、水等。所用的具体载体、稀释剂或赋形剂将取决于应用本发明化合物的方式和目的。通常基于本领域技术人员认为给予哺乳动物安全的溶剂(GRAS)来选择溶剂。一般而言,安全溶剂为无毒性含水溶剂如水和可在水中溶解或混溶的其它无毒性溶剂。合适的含水溶剂包括水、乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(例如,PEG 400、PEG 300)等及其混合物。制剂还可包括以下物质中的一种或多种:缓冲剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、助悬剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、遮光剂(opaquing agent)、助流剂、加工助剂(processing aid)、着色剂、增甜剂、芳香剂、矫味剂和提供药物(即本发明化合物或其药物组合物)的优质外观或辅助制造药物产品(即药物)的其它已知添加剂。
制剂可使用常规溶出和混合操作制备。例如,将大块的药品(即,本发明化合物或化合物的经稳定形式(例如,与环糊精衍生物或其它已知复合剂(complexation agent)的复合物))在一种或多种上述的赋形剂存在下溶于合适的溶剂中。通常将本发明化合物配制成提供容易可控制药物的剂量且使患者能够依从所给出的方案的药物剂型。
取决于用于给药药物的方法,用于施用的药物组合物(或制剂)可按多种方式包装。一般地,用于分配的物品包括容器,容器内存放有适当形式的药物制剂。合适的容器是本领域技术人员公知的,并且包括以下物质,如瓶(塑料的和玻璃的)、小袋(sachet)、安瓿、塑料袋、金属圆筒等。容器还可包括防止不慎重取得包装中的内含物的的防干扰装置(tamper-proof assemblage)。此外,在容器上具有描述容器中的内含物的标签。所述标签还可包括适当的注意事项。
可制备本发明化合物的药物制剂用于多种给药途径和类型。例如,具有期望的纯度的式I的化合物可任选与药用稀释剂、载体、赋形剂或稳定剂(Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences(1980)16th edition,Osol,A.Ed.)以冻干制剂、磨细的粉末剂或水溶液剂形式混合。配制可如下进行:在环境温度在适当的pH以及在适当的纯度与生理学可接受的载体(即在采用的剂量和浓度下对受体是无毒性的载体)混合。制剂的pH主要取决于具体用途和化合物的浓度,但范围可为约3至约8。在乙酸盐缓冲液中pH为5的制剂是合适的实施方案。
化合物通常可储存为固体组合物、冻干制剂或水溶液剂。
本发明的药物组合物将按照与良好医学实践一致的方式(即量、浓度、时间表、过程、媒介物和给药途径)来配制、确定剂量和给药。在此背景下考虑的因素包括所治疗的具体病症、所治疗的具体哺乳动物、个体患者的临床情况、病症的起因、药物的递送位点、给药方法、给药的时间表和医学实践者已知的其它因素。所给药的化合物的“治疗有效量”将由这些考虑因素控制,并且是预防、改善或治疗过度增殖性病症所需的最小量。
作为通常的建议,每剂量肠胃外给药的初始药学有效量的抑制剂为约每日0.01-100毫克/kg,即约0.1至20毫克/kg患者体重,所使用的化合物的典型的最初范围为0.3至15毫克/kg/日。
可接受的稀释剂、载体、赋形剂和稳定性在所用的剂量和浓度下对受体是无毒性的,并且包括缓冲剂如磷酸盐、枸橼酸盐和其它有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸和蛋氨酸(methionine);防腐剂(如十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵;氯化六甲双铵(hexamethoniumchloride);苯扎氯铵、苄索氯胺;苯酚、丁醇或苄醇;对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯;儿茶酚;间苯二酚(resorcinol);环己醇;3-戊醇和间甲酚);低分子量(少于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白质,如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖和其它碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂,如EDTA;糖如蔗糖、甘露醇、海藻糖或山梨醇;成盐的抗衡离子,如钠;金属络合物(例如,Zn-蛋白质络合物);和/或非离子型表面活性剂,如TWEENTM、PLURONICSTM或聚乙二醇(PEG)。活性药物成分还可包埋在通过例如凝聚技术或通过界面聚合制备的微胶囊中,例如在胶体药物递送系统(例如脂质体、白蛋白微球、微乳液、纳米颗粒和纳米胶囊(nanocapsules))中或在巨乳液(macroemulsion)中,分别为羟基甲基纤维素或明胶微胶囊和聚-(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)微胶囊。所述技术披露于Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition,Osol,A.Ed.(1980)中。
可制备式I化合物的缓释制剂。缓释制剂的合适实例包括含有式I化合物的的固态疏水性聚合物的半渗透性基质,其中基质以成形的物品形式(例如薄膜或微胶囊)存在。缓释基质的实例包括聚酯、水凝胶(例如,聚(甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯)或聚(乙烯醇))、聚交酯(US3773919)、L-谷氨酸和γ-乙基-L-谷氨酸的共聚物、非降解性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、降解性乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物如LUPRON DEPOTTM(由乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物和醋酸亮丙瑞林组成的可注射微球)和聚-D-(-)-3-羟基丁酸。
所述制剂包括适于本申请详述的给药途径的制剂。制剂可适宜地以单位剂量形式存在并可通过药学领域公知的任何方法制备。技术和制剂通常参见Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA)。所述方法包括使活性成分与构成一种或多种助剂(accessory ingredient)的载体结合的步骤。通常制剂如下制备:使活性成分与液态载体或微细分散的固态载体或与这两种载体同时均匀和紧密的结合,然后必要时,对产品进行成型。
适于口服给药的式I的化合物的制剂可制备为离散的单位,如各自含有预定量的式I的化合物的丸剂、胶囊剂、扁囊剂或片剂。压制片可如下制备:在合适的机器中对自由流动形式(如粉末或颗粒)的活性成分以及任选混合的粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂进行压制。模制片可如下制备:在合适的机器中对用惰性液态稀释剂润湿的粉末状活性成分的混合物进行模制。可任选对片剂进行包衣或刻痕,并任选进行配制以提供活性成分从其中缓慢或控制释放。可制备片剂、含片(troche)、糖锭、水性混悬剂或油性混悬剂、可分散粉末剂或可分散颗粒剂、乳剂、硬胶囊剂或软胶囊剂例如明胶胶囊、糖浆剂或酏剂,以用于口服。预期用于口服的式I的化合物的制剂可根据制备药物组合物的领域已知的任何方法制备,所述组合物可含有一种或多种试剂,包括增甜剂、矫味剂、着色剂和防腐剂,以提供适口的制剂。含有活性成分以及混合有适于制造片剂的无毒性生理学可接受的赋形剂的片剂是可接受的。这些赋形剂可以是,例如,惰性稀释剂,如碳酸钙或碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;成粒剂和崩解剂(granulating and disintegratingagent),如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;粘合剂,如淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶;以及润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石。片剂可以是未包衣的或可通过已知技术(包括微胶囊化)包衣,以延迟在胃肠道的崩解和吸收,由此在较长的时间提供持续的作用。例如,可采用定时延迟物质,如单独的或与蜡结合的单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。
对于治疗眼部或其它外部组织如嘴和皮肤而言,所述制剂优选应用为局部软膏剂(ointment)或乳膏剂(cream),其含有的活性成分的量为例如,0.075至20%w/w。当配制成软膏剂时,活性成分可与石蜡(paraffinic)或可与水混溶的软膏基质一起使用。可供选择地,活性成分可与水包油性乳膏基质一起配制成乳膏。如果期望的话,乳膏基质的水相可包括多元醇,即,具有两个或更多个羟基的醇,如丙二醇、丁-1,3-二醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、甘油和聚乙二醇(包括PEG 400)及这些醇的混合物。局部制剂可预期包括增强活性成分通过皮肤或其它作用区域吸收或渗透的化合物。所述皮肤渗透增强剂的实例包括二甲基亚砜和相关类似物。本发明的乳剂的油相可由已知成分以已知方式构成。当所述相可仅包含乳化剂时,预期其包含至少一种乳化剂与脂肪或油或与脂肪和油两者的混合物。优选地,包括亲水性乳化剂以及作为稳定剂的亲脂性乳化剂。其还优选同时包括油和脂肪。同时,含有或不含有稳定剂的乳化剂构成了所谓的乳化蜡(emulsifying wax),所述蜡和油和脂肪一起构成了形成软膏制剂的油性分散相的所谓乳化软膏基质。适用于本发明制剂的乳化剂和乳化稳定剂包括60、80、十八醇/十六醇(cetostearyl alcohol)、苄醇、肉豆蔻醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯和月桂基硫酸钠。
式I化合物的水性混悬剂含有活性物质以及混合有适于制备水性混悬剂的赋形剂。所述赋形剂包括助悬剂,如羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素、聚维酮、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、西黄蓍胶和阿拉伯胶,以及分散或润湿剂(dispersing or wetting agent),如天然存在的磷脂(例如,卵磷脂)、烯化氧与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如,聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、环氧乙烷与长链脂肪醇的缩合产物(例如,十七亚乙氧基十六醇(heptadeca ethyleneoxycetanol))、环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇脱水物(hexitol anhydride)的偏酯的缩合产物(例如,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate))。水性混悬剂还可含有一种或多种防腐剂如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯、一种或多种着色剂、一种或多种矫味剂和一种或多种增甜剂如蔗糖或糖精。
式I的化合物的药物组合物可呈无菌注射制剂,如无菌注射水性混悬剂或油性混悬液制剂形式存在。该混悬液可使用上文已提及的合适的分散剂或润湿剂和助悬剂根据本领域已知方法配制。无菌注射制剂还可以是于无毒性的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液或混悬液,如于1,3-丁二醇中的溶液,或制备为冻干粉末。可使用的可接受媒介物和溶剂包括水、林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution)和等张氯化钠溶液。此外,无菌不挥发性油(sterile fixed oil)通常可用作溶剂或助悬介质。出于该目的,可采用任何温和的不挥发性油,包括合成性甘油一酯或甘油二酯。此外,脂肪酸如油酸同样可用于制备注射剂。
可与载体物质结合以产生单一剂量形式的活性成分的量将随着所治疗的宿主和具体的给药模式而变化。例如,意在对人类口服给药的定时释放制剂可含有约1至1000毫克活性物质,以及混合有适当和适宜量的载体物质,所述载体其可占总组合物(重量:重量)的约5至约95%。可制备药物组合物以提供给药时容易测量的量。例如,意在用于静脉输注的水溶液每毫升溶液可含有约3至500μg活性成分,从而合适体积的输注以约30毫升/hr的速率出现。
适于肠胃外给药的制剂包括水性和非水性无菌注射溶液剂,其可含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和使得制剂与预期受体的血液等张的溶质;以及水性和非水性无菌混悬剂,其可包括助悬剂和增稠剂。
适于局部给药至眼部的制剂还包括滴眼剂,其中将活性成分溶于或悬浮于合适的载体(尤其是活性成分的含水溶剂)中。在所述制剂中存在的活性成分的浓度优选为约0.5至20%w/w,例如约0.5至10%w/w,例如约1.5%w/w。
适于在口内局部给药的制剂包括糖锭(lozenge),其含有于矫味基质(通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或西黄蓍胶)中的活性成分;锭剂(pastille),其含有于惰性基质(如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)中的活性成分;以及漱口剂,其包含于液态载体中的活性成分。
适于直肠给药的制剂可呈现为栓剂形式,其具有合适基质(其包含例如可可脂或水杨酸酯)。
适于肺内或经鼻给药的制剂具有例如为0.1至500微米的粒度(包括在0.1和500微米之间,增量为例如0.5、1、30微米、35微米等的粒度),其通过鼻道经快速吸入给药或通过口经吸入给药,以便到达肺泡囊(alveolar sacs)。合适的制剂包括活性成分的水性或油性溶液剂。适于气雾剂或干粉给药的制剂可根据常规方法制备,并可与其它治疗药物(如迄今用于治疗或预防下文所述的病症的化合物)一起递送。
适于阴道给药的制剂可呈现为阴道栓剂、棉塞(tampon)、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂,这些制剂除了活性成分外还含有本领域已知为适当的载体。
制剂可包装在单位剂量或多剂量容器例如密封安瓿或小瓶中,并且可在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下储存,在立即使用前仅需要加入无菌液态载体例如水,用于注射。即时注射溶液剂(Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspension)和混悬剂从前述种类的无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。优选的单位剂量制剂是含有本申请上文所述的日剂量或单位日亚剂量(sub-dose)或其适当分数的活性成分的制剂。
本发明还提供了兽用组合物(veterinary composition),由此其含有上文定义的至少一种活性成分以及兽用载体。兽用载体是用于给药所述组合物目的的物质,并可为固态、液态或气态物质,这些物质在兽医领域要么是惰性的要么是可接受的,并且与活性成分相容。这些兽用组合可经肠胃外、口服或经任何其它期望的途径给药。
联用治疗
式I化合物可单独或与其他治疗剂组合用于治疗本文所述的疾病或病症,诸如炎症或过度增殖性病症(例如癌症)。在某些实施方案中,式I化合物与具有抗炎或抗过度增殖特性或适用于治疗炎症、免疫反应病症或过度增殖性病症(例如癌症)的另一第二治疗性化合物一起组合于药物组合制剂或组合疗法形式的给药方案中。另一治疗剂可为Bcl-2抑制剂、JAK抑制剂、PI3K抑制剂、mTOR抑制剂、抗炎剂、免疫调节剂、化学治疗剂、细胞凋亡增强剂、亲神经因子、治疗心血管疾病的药物、治疗肝病的药物、抗病毒剂、治疗血液病症的药物、治疗糖尿病的药物及治疗免疫缺陷病症的药物。第二治疗剂可为NSAID抗炎剂。第二治疗剂可为化学治疗剂。药物组合制剂或给药方案的第二化合物优选具有对式I化合物的补充活性,使得其不会不利地彼此影响。所述化合物适合以有效用于所欲目的的量存在于组合中。在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含式I化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物或药用盐或前药与诸如NSAID的治疗剂的组合。
组合疗法可以同时或依序方案给予。当依序给予时,该组合可分两次或两次以上给药来给予。组合给予包括使用分开的制剂或单一药物制剂共给予及以任一次序连续给予,其中优选存在两种(或所有)活性剂同时发挥其生物活性的时段。
以上共同给予药物中的任一者的适合剂量为当前所用剂量且可由于新鉴别药物及其他治疗剂或疗法的组合作用(协同作用)而降低。
组合疗法可提供“协同作用”且证明“协同性”,即当活性成分一起使用时所达成的作用大于由分别使用化合物所产生的作用的总和。协同作用可在活性成分如下时获得:(1)于组合的单位剂量制剂中同时共同配制及给予或递送;(2)以分开的制剂形式交替或同时递送;或(3)一些其他方案。当以交替疗法递送时,在依序给予或递送化合物,例如通过用分开的注射器进行不同注射、通过分开的丸剂或胶囊或利用分开的输注时,可获得协同作用。一般而言,在交替疗法期间,依序(即连续)给予有效剂量的各活性成分,而在组合疗法中,一起给予有效剂量的两种或两种以上活性成分。
在疗法的具体实施方案中,式I化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物或药用盐或前药可与其他治疗剂、激素或抗体药物(诸如本文所述的药物)组合以及与外科疗法及放射疗法组合。因此,本发明的组合疗法包括给予至少一种式I化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物或药用盐或前药,及使用至少一种其他癌症治疗方法。式I化合物及其他药物活性治疗剂的量及相对给予时序经选择以达成所要组合治疗作用。
在一些实施方案中,式I化合物或其药用盐与以下组合使用:芳香酶抑制剂、磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/mTOR途径抑制剂、CDK 4/6抑制剂、HER-2抑制剂、EGFR抑制剂、PD-1抑制剂、聚ADP-核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂、组蛋白去乙酰基酶(HDAC)抑制剂、HSP90抑制剂、VEGFR抑制剂、AKT抑制剂、化学疗法或其任何组合。
在一些实施方案中,包含式I化合物或其药用盐的药物组合物与选自以下的治疗剂组合给予:紫杉醇、阿那曲唑、依西美坦、环磷酰胺、表柔比星、氟维司群、来曲唑、吉西他滨、曲妥单抗(Genentech)、曲妥单抗恩坦辛(Genentech)、聚乙二醇非格司亭、非格司亭、他莫昔芬、多西他赛、托瑞米芬、长春瑞滨、卡培他滨和伊沙匹隆。
在一些实施方案中,式I化合物或其药用盐与激素阻断疗法、化学疗法、放射疗法、单克隆抗体或其组合组合使用。
激素阻断疗法包括使用阻断雌激素产生或阻断雌激素受体的药物。在一些实施例中,激素阻断疗法包括使用雌激素受体调节剂及/芳香酶抑制剂。雌激素受体调节剂包括三苯乙烯衍生物(例如他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬、曲洛昔芬、3-羟基他莫昔芬、艾多昔芬、TAT-59(4-羟基他莫昔芬的磷酸化衍生物)及GW5638(他莫昔芬的甲酸衍生物));非类固醇雌激素受体调节剂(例如雷洛昔芬、LY353381(SERM3)和LY357489);类固醇雌激素受体调节剂(例如ICI-182,780)。芳香酶抑制剂包括类固醇芳香酶抑制剂及非类固醇芳香酶抑制剂。类固醇芳香酶抑制剂包括(但不限于)该依西美坦。非类固醇芳香酶抑制剂包括(但不限于)阿那曲唑及来曲唑。
在一些实施方案中,式I化合物或其药用盐与CDK 4/6抑制剂组合给予。在一些实施方案中,所述CDK 4/6抑制剂为帕泊昔布(PD-0332991)、瑞泊昔布(LEE011)或LY283519。在一些实施方案中,所述CDK 4/6抑制剂为LEE011。在一些实施方案中,以每天约10mg至每天约1000mg的剂量给予瑞泊昔布(LEE011)。在一些实施方案中,以每天约400mg、每天约500mg或每天约600mg的剂量给予。在一些实施方案中,经口给予该日剂量的LEE011。在一些实施方案中,一天经口给予该日剂量的瑞泊昔布(LEE011)一次历时三周,继而为不给予瑞泊昔布(LEE011)的一周停药期。
在一些实施方案中,式I化合物或其药用盐与磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/mTOR途径抑制剂组合给予。在一些实施方案中,所述磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/mTOR途径抑制剂为依维莫司、坦罗莫司、BEZ235(达妥昔布)、BYL719(艾培昔布)、GDC0032(他塞利昔布)、BKM120(布帕昔布)、BGT226、GDC0068(依巴替布)、GDC-0980(阿托昔布)、GDC0941(匹克昔布)、INK128(MLN0128)、INK1117、OSI-027、CC-223、AZD8055、SAR245408、SAR245409、PF04691502、WYE125132、GSK2126458、GSK-2636771、BAY806946、PF-05212384、SF1126、PX866、AMG319、ZSTK474、Cal101(艾德昔布)、PWT33597、CU-906、AZD-2014或CUDC-907。在一些实施方案中,所述磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/mTOR途径抑制剂为依维莫司。在一些实施方案中,以每天约1mg至每天约20mg的剂量给予依维莫司。在一些实施方案中,以每天约2.5mg、每天约5mg或每天约10mg的剂量给予依维莫司。在一些实施方案中,一天给予该日剂量的依维莫司一次。在一些实施方案中,所述磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/mTOR途径抑制剂为BKM120(布帕昔布)。在一些实施方案中,以每天约5mg至每天约500mg的剂量给予BKM120(布帕昔布)。在一些实施方案中,以每天约50mg至每天约100mg的剂量给予BKM120。在一些实施方案中,以每天约100mg的剂量给予BKM120。在一些实施方案中,一天给予该日剂量的BKM120一次。在一些实施方案中,所述磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/mTOR途径抑制剂为BYL719。在一些实施方案中,以每天约25mg至每天约1000mg的剂量给予BYL719。在一些实施方案中,以每天约250mg或每天约350mg的剂量给予BYL719。在一些实施方案中,一天给予该日剂量的BYL719一次。
式I化合物的代谢物
本申请描述的式I的体内代谢产物也落入本发明的范围内。所述产物可以是由例如所给药的化合物的氧化、还原、水解、酰胺化、脱酰胺化、酯化、脱脂化、酶法裂解等而引起的。因此,本发明包括式I化合物的代谢物,包括由以下方法产生的化合物,所述方法包括使本发明化合物与哺乳动物接触足以产生其代谢产物的一段时间。
代谢产物通常如下鉴定:制备本发明化合物的放射标记的(例如,14C或3H)同位素,将其以可检测的剂量(例如,大于约0.5毫克/kg)肠胃外给药至动物,如大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、猴或给药至人,允许足够发生代谢的时间(通常约30秒至30小时),然后将其转化产物与尿、血样或其它生物试样分离。这些产物容易分离,因为它们进行了标记(其它的通过使用能够与代谢物中存活的抗原表位结合的抗体来分离)。代谢物结构以常规方式,例如通过MS、LC/MS或NMR分析确定。一般而言,代谢物的分析以与本领域技术人员公知的常规药物代谢研究中相同的方式完成。所述代谢产物,只要它们不是在体内另外存在的,就用于本发明化合物的治疗剂量的诊断测定。
制品
在本发明的另一实施方案中,其提供了含有用于治疗上文描述的疾病和病症的物质的制品和“试剂盒”。在一个实施方案中,所述试剂盒包含容器,所述容器包含式I的化合物其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体或药用盐。所述试剂盒还可包含附在容器上或容器中的标签或包装说明书。术语“包装说明书”用来指通常包括在治疗产品的市售包装中的说明书,其含有关于适应症、用法、剂量、给药、禁忌症和/或注意事项的信息,这些信息涉及所述治疗产品的使用。合适的容器包括,例如,瓶、小瓶、注射器、发泡包装(blister pack)等。容器可从多种材料(如玻璃或塑料)形成。容器可装有有效治疗所述病症的式I的化合物或其制剂,并可具有无菌入口(例如,容器可为静脉注射溶液袋或具有可由皮下注射针头刺穿的塞子的小瓶)。在组合物中至少一种活性药物是式I的化合物。标签或包装说明书指示所述组合物用于治疗选择的病症如癌症。此外,标签或包装说明书可指示待治疗的患者是患有病症如过度增殖性病症、神经变性、心脏肥大、疼痛、偏头痛或神经创伤性疾病或事件的患者。在一个实施方案中,标签或包装说明书指示包含式I的化合物的组合物可用于治疗起因于异常细胞生长的病症。标签或包装说明书还可指示所述组合物可用于治疗其它病症。可供选择地或另外地,所述制品还可包含第二种容器,所述容器包含药用缓冲液,如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水、林格氏溶液和葡萄糖溶液。试剂盒还可包括从商业和使用者角度看是期望的其它物质,包括其它缓冲液、稀释剂、滤器、针头和注射器。
试剂盒还可包含给药式I的化合物以及第二种药物制剂(如果存在)的说明。例如,若试剂盒包含第一种组合物(含有式I的化合物)和第二种药物制剂,则试剂盒还可包含将第一种和第二种药物组合物同时、先后或分开给予需要所述制剂的患者的说明。
在另一实施方案中,试剂盒适于递送固态口服形式的式I的化合物,如片剂或胶囊剂。这样的试剂盒优选包括多个单位剂量。所述试剂盒可以包括针对预期用途为目的的剂量卡片。这样的试剂盒的一个实例是“泡罩包装”。泡罩包装在包装工业中是公知的,并且广泛用于包装药物单位剂量形式。如果期望的话,可提供记忆辅助装置(memory aid),其可呈例如数字、字母或其它标记形式,或具有日历插入物,所述记忆辅助装置指定在可对所述剂量进行给药的治疗时间表中的天数。
根据一实施方案,试剂盒可包含(a)在其中含有式I的化合物的第一个容器;以及任选地(b)在其中含有第二种药物制剂的第二个容器,其中所述第二种药物制剂包含具有抗过度增殖活性的第二种化合物。可供选择地或另外地,所述试剂盒还可包含第三个容器,其包含药用缓冲液,如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水、林格氏溶液和葡萄糖溶液。其还可包括从商用和使用者角度来看是期望的其它物质,包括其它缓冲液、稀释剂、滤器、针头和注射器。
在试剂盒包含式I和第二种治疗药物的组合物的某些其它实施方案中,所述试剂盒可包含用于容纳分开的组合物的容器,如分开的瓶或分开的箔包装(foil packet),然而,分开的组合物还可容纳在单一的未分开的容器中。典型地,试剂盒包含给药分开的组分的说明。当分开的组分优选以不同剂量形式(例如口服和肠胃外)给药时,当以不同剂量间隔给药时,或当对联用的单独组分进行滴定对主治医师是期望之时,试剂盒形式是特别有益的。
式I化合物的制备
式I化合物可通过包括与化学领域公知的方法所类似的方法的合成途径,特别是根据本申请所包含的说明书来合成,以及针对描述于以下的杂环的那些:ComprehensiveHeterocyclic Chemistry II,Editors Katritzky and Rees,Elsevier,1997,e.g.Volume3;Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,(9):1910-16,(1985);Helvetica Chimica Acta,41:1052-60,(1958);Arzneimittel-Forschung,40(12):1328-31,(1990),在此将这些文献清楚地引入作为参考。起始物质一般获自商业来源诸如Aldrich Chemicals(Milwaukee,WI)或使用本领域技术人员公知的方法容易地制备(例如经一般描述于Louis F.Fieser andMary Fieser,Reagents for Organic Synthesis,v.1-23,Wiley,N.Y.(1967-2006ed.)或Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie,4,Aufl.ed.Springer-Verlag,Berlin,包括附录(也可由Beilstein在线数据库获得)的方法)。
用于合成式I化合物的合成化学转换和保护基方法学(保护与脱保护)以及必要的试剂和中间体是本领域已知的,并且包括,例如描述于R.Larock,Comprehensive OrganicTransformations,VCH Publishers(1989);T.W.Greene and P.G.M.Wuts,ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis,3rd Ed.,John Wiley and Sons(1999);and L.Paquette,ed.,Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons(1995)及其后续版本中的那些。
式I的化合物可单独制备或作为包含至少2种,例如5至1,000种或10至100种化合物的化合物库来制备。式I的化合物库可通过本领域技术人员已知的操作,使用溶液相或固相化学,通过组合的“分裂和混合(split and mix)”途径来制备,或通过多平行合成(multiple parallel syntheses)来制备。由此根据本发明的另一个方法,其提供了含有至少2种化合物或其药用盐的化合物库。
实施例提供了制备式I化合物的示例性方法。本领域技术人员应该理解,可使用其它合成途径来合成式I化合物。尽管在附图和实施例中描述和讨论了具体原料和试剂,但是可容易地替换为其它原料和试剂,从而提供多种衍生物和/或反应条件。此外,通过下文描述的方法制备的许多示例化合物可根据本公开使用本领域技术人员公知的常规化学来进一步修饰。
在制备式I化合物时,对中间体的远距离官能团(例如,伯胺或仲胺)的保护可能是必要的。对所述保护的需要将随着远距离官能团(remote functionality)的性质和制备方法的条件而变化。合适的氨基保护基包括乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、叔丁氧基羰基(BOC)、苄基氧基羰基(CBZ)和9-芴基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc)。对所述保护的需要由本领域技术人员容易地确定。对于保护基及其用途的一般描述,参见T.W.Greene,Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis,John Wiley&Sons,New York,1991。
在制备式I化合物的方法中,将反应产物彼此分离和/或与原料分离可能是有益的。通过本领域常见技术将每步或多步中期望的产物分离和/或纯化为期望的同质性程度。通常所述分离涉及多相萃取、从溶剂或溶剂混合物中结晶、蒸馏、升华或色谱法。色谱法可涉及任何数目的方法,包括例如:反相和正相;尺寸排阻(size exclusion);离子交换;高、中和低压液相色谱方法和装置;小规模分析;模拟移动床(SMB)和制备性薄层或厚层色谱,以及小规模薄层和快速色谱技术。
另一类分离方法涉及用所选择的试剂处理混合物,从而与期望的产物、未反应的原料、反应副产物等结合或使得期望的产物、未反应的原料、反应副产物等分离。所述试剂包括吸附剂(adsorbent)或吸收剂(absorbent),如活性炭、分子筛、离子交换介质等。可供选择地,所述试剂可以是酸(在碱性物质的情况下),碱(在酸性物质的情况下),结合剂如抗体、结合蛋白,选择性螯合剂如冠醚,液/液离子交换试剂(LIX)等。对适当的分离方法的选择依赖于所涉及的物质的性质。例如,沸点和分子量(在蒸馏和升华中)、存在或不存在极性官能团(在色谱法中)、在酸性和碱性介质中物质的稳定性(在多相萃取中)等等。
可通过本领域技术人员公知的方法(如色谱法和/或分级结晶),基于非对映异构体的物理化学差别,将非对映异构混合物分离为其单独的非对映异构体。对映异构体可通过以下方式分离:通过使对映异构体混合物与适当的光学活性的化合物(例如,手性助剂如手性醇或Mosher's酰氯)反应将其转化为非对映异构混合物,分离非对映异构体,然后将单独的非对映异构体转化(例如,水解)为相应的纯的对映异构体。此外,一些本发明化合物可以是阻转异构体(例如,取代的联芳(biaryl))并视为本发明的部分。对映异构体也可通过使用手性HPLC柱分离。
单一的立体异构体,例如,基本上不含其立体异构体的对映异构体,可通过以下方式获得:使用诸如形成非对映异构体的方法,用光学活性的拆分剂来拆分外消旋混合物(Eliel,E.and Wilen,S.“Stereochemistry of Organic化合物,”John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994;Lochmuller,C.H.,(1975)J.Chromatogr.,113(3):283-302)。本发明的手性化合物的外消旋混合物可通过任何合适的方法分开和离析,所述方法包括:(1)与手性化合物形成离子性非对映异构的盐,然后通过分级结晶或其它方法分离,(2)与手性衍生试剂形成非对映异构的化合物,分离所述非对映异构体,然后转化为纯的立体异构体,(3)在手性条件下直接分离基本上纯的或富含的立体异构体。参见:“Drug Stereochemistry,Analytical Methods and Pharmacology,”Irving W.Wainer,Ed.,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York(1993)。
在条件(1)的情况下,非对映异构的盐可通过以下方式形成:使对映异构纯的手性碱如马钱子碱(brucine)、奎宁、麻黄碱、番木鳖碱(strychnine)、α-甲基-β-苯基乙胺(安非他明)等与带有酸性官能团的不对称化合物如羧酸和磺酸反应。可通过分级结晶或离子色谱法诱导非对映异构体的盐分离。对于氨基化合物的光学异构体的分离而言,加入手性羧酸或磺酸如樟脑磺酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸或乳酸可引起非对映异构体的盐的形成。
可供选择地,通过方法(2),使待拆分的底物与手性化合物的一种对映异构体反应,形成非对映异构对(E.and Wilen,S.“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,1994,p.322)。非对映异构化合物可通过以下方式形成:使不对称化合物与对映异构纯的手性衍生试剂如薄荷基衍生物反应,接着分离非对映异构体,然后水解得到纯的或富集的对映异构体。确定光学纯度的方法涉及制备外消旋混合物的手性酯,如在碱的存在下制备薄荷基酯例如(-)氯甲酸薄荷基酯,或Mosher酯,乙酸α-甲氧基-α-(三氟甲基)苯基酯(Jacob III.J.Org.Chem.(1982)47:4165),然后就两种阻转异构的对映异构体或非对映异构体的存在而分析1H NMR光谱。阻转异构化合物的稳定的非对映异构体可遵循分离阻转异构的萘基-异喹啉(WO 96/15111)的方法通过正相和反相色谱分开和离析。通过方法(3),两种对映异构体的外消旋混合物可使用手性固定相通过色谱来分离(“ChiralLiquid Chromatography”(1989)W.J.Lough,Ed.,Chapman and Hall,New York;Okamoto,J.Chromatogr.,(1990)513:375-378)。富集的或纯化的对映异构体可通过用于区分带有不对称碳原子的其它手性分子的方法(如旋光性或圆二色性)来区分。
式I化合物可通过方案1-7的一般操作来制备。
方案1:
方案1显示了对羟基苯甲醛中间体1与3-碘氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯反应得到示例性3-(4-甲酰基苯氧基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯中间体2。示例性中间体1为2,6-二氟-4-羟基苯甲醛。将2用二环胺3环化得到三环四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基氮杂环丁烷中间体4。将4酸性脱保护并将5烷基化得到三环四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基氮杂环丁烷中间体6。
方案2:
方案2显示了将对碘苯甲醛中间体7诸如2,6-二氟-4-碘苯甲醛用二环胺3环化得到三环四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基碘苯基中间体8。8与醇9反应得到三环四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基中间体10。
方案3:
方案3显示胺11与烷化剂(其中离去基团可为碘或溴或三氟甲磺酸酯基团)的反应得到中间体12。可选择地,胺11也可经还原胺化反应与醛或酮反应得到中间体12。将中间体12用醛缩合,然后得到中间体13。然后经Pd-或Cu-催化的Ullman或Buchwald或Heck反应可将Cy的X1基团上的碘或溴与醇或胺或硫化物或烯烃偶联,得到靶标14。可选择地,基团Cy上的经保护的苯酚(OP)可脱保护,并且所得的苯酚可进一步与醇经Mitsunobu反应偶联。可选择地,也可将苯酚用碘化物、溴化物、氯化物、三氟甲磺酸酯或甲磺酸酯烷基化,得到三环四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基中间体14。
方案4:
方案4显示将胺11用醛进行Pictet-Spengler环化得到中间体15,其中X1为碘或溴。胺15与酰氯的反应得到酰胺16。然后可经Pd-或Cu-催化的Ullman或Buchwald或Heck反应将Cy上的碘或溴X1基团与醇或胺或硫化物或烯烃偶联,得到中间体17。可选择地,可将16的基团Cy上的经保护的苯酚(OP)脱保护,并且可将所得的苯酚进一步与醇经Mitsunobu反应偶联,得到17.可选择地,苯酚(OH)可用碘化物、溴化物、氯化物、三氟甲磺酸酯或甲磺酸酯烷基化,得到三环四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基酰胺中间体17。
方案5:
方案5显示胺15可与磺酰氯反应得到磺酰胺18,其可经Pd-或Cu-催化的Ullman、Buchwald或Heck反应或经Mitsunobu或烷基化反应转化为三环四氢-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基磺酰胺中间体19。
方案6:
方案6显示胺15可与烷化剂(R5-X)反应得到中间体13。可选择地,胺15可与醛或酮以及还原剂诸如氰基硼氢化钠反应得到中间体13。
方案7
方案7显示色胺23的一般合成途径。将经取代的吲哚20在Vilsmeier反应条件下转化为醛21。将醛21用硝基乙烷进行Aldol反应得到化合物22。然后将22用氢化铝锂还原得到色胺23。
实施例
实施例101(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基)苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚101
步骤1:3-(3,5-二氟-4-甲酰基-苯氧基)-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯101c
在氩气下向2,6-二氟-4-羟基-苯甲醛101a(CAS No.:532967-21-8,600mg,3.79mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(25mL)中的溶液中加入碳酸铯(3.09g,9.48mmol)和1-Boc-3-碘氮杂环丁烷101b(CAS No.:254454-54-1,2.68g,9.48mmol)。将所得的混合物在150℃在微波加热下加热1h。将反应混合物冷却至环境温度,将固体经滤过移去,将滤饼用甲苯洗涤并将滤液真空浓缩。将残留物在EtOAc和水之间分配,分离有机相,用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过并真空浓缩。将粗产物吸附于HMN硅藻土(Biotage)并经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度0%至30%)得到101c,其为黄色油状物(1.10g,93%).1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ10.20(s,1H),6.35(m,2H),4.94-4.86(m,1H),4.34(ddd,J=1.1,6.4,9.8Hz,2H),4.05-3.98(m,2H),1.45(s,9H).
步骤2:(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-[(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-胺101d
化合物101d根据WO 2014/191726,第78页制备。
步骤3:3-{3,5-二氟-4-[(1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基]-苯氧基}-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯101e
在氩气下向(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-[(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-胺101d(根据WO 2014/191726,第78页制备,540mg,2.17mmol)在甲苯(8mL)中的溶液中加入3-(3,5-二氟-4-甲酰基-苯氧基)-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯101c(818mg,2.61mmol)和乙酸(249μL,4.34mmol)。将混合物在80℃在密封管中避光加热4h。将反应混合物冷却至室温(RT)并真空浓缩。将残留物在乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液之间分配。分离有机相,用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过并真空浓缩。将粗产物吸附于HMN硅藻土并经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度0%至20%)得到101e,其为灰白色固体(1.10g,90%).1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.54-7.49(m,1H),7.39(s,1H),7.25-7.19(m,1H),7.15-7.05(m,2H),6.28-6.21(m,2H),5.20(s,1H),4.84-4.76(m,1H),4.33-4.24(m,2H),4.02-3.94(m,2H),3.69-3.61(m,1H),3.12-3.02(m,1H),2.84(dd,J=15.1,20.0Hz,1H),2.65-2.56(m,1H),2.38(dd,J=14.9,24.7Hz,1H),1.45(s,9H),1.28-1.08(m,9H);LCMS:544.5[M+H]+.
步骤4:(1R,3R)-1-[4-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基氧基)-2,6-二氟-苯基]-2-(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉101f
在氩气下向3-{3,5-二氟-4-[(1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基]-苯氧基}-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯101e(840mg,1.54mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的混合物中逐滴加入TFA(1.75mL,23.1mmol)并将混合物在RT避光搅拌3h。将反应混合物真空浓缩并使用SCX-2柱纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇1:1,然后2N氨水/甲醇)。合并适当的馏分并蒸发得到101f,其为灰白色固体(54mg,8%).1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.54-7.49(m,1H),7.41(s,1H),7.25-7.20(m,1H),7.13-7.07(m,2H),6.30-6.22(m,2H),5.19(s,1H),4.96-4.90(m,1H),3.97-3.91(m,2H),3.83-3.78(m,2H),3.71-3.60(m,1H),3.12-3.03(m,1H),2.85(dd,J=15.1,19.6Hz,1H),2.64-2.55(m,1H),2.38(dd,J=15.1,25.2Hz,1H),1.82(br.s,1H),1.27-1.07(m,9H);LCMS:442.5[M-H]-.
步骤5:在氩气下向(1R,3R)-1-[4-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基氧基)-2,6-二氟-苯基]-2-(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉101f(54mg,0.12mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(2mL)中的混合物中加入1-溴-3-氟丙烷(16μL,0.16mmol;CAS No.352-91-0)和乙基二异丙基胺(12μL,0.24mmol)。将反应混合物在RT避光搅拌48h。将反应混合物倒入至乙酸乙酯和水的混合物中。分离有机层,用水和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过,并将滤液减压浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇,梯度0%to 5%),然后使用C18柱纯化(乙腈、水、甲酸)。合并适当的馏分并蒸发得到101,其为黄色固体(27mg,8%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ11.12(br s.,1H),8.27(s,1.3H,甲酸),7.53-7.47(m,2H),7.24-7.20(m,1H),7.13-7.08(m,2H),6.31-6.25(m,2H),5.20(s,1H),4.96-4.89(m,1H),4.56(dd,J=5.6,5.6Hz,1H),4.44(dd,J=5.6,5.6Hz,1H),4.33-4.24(m,2H),3.64(dd,J=4.8,11.1Hz,1H),3.49-3.47(m,1H),3.07-2.97(m,3H),2.84(dd,J=15.0,20.3Hz,1H),2.64-2.58(m,1H),2.38(dd,J=15.0,24.5Hz,1H),1.99-1.83(m,2H),1.27-1.08(m,9H);LCMS:504.3[M+H]+.
实施例102(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-(2-(3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚102
步骤1:(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉102b
在氩气下向(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-[(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-胺101d(根据WO 2014/191726,第78页制备,50mg,0.20mmol)在甲苯(170μL)中的溶液中加入2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯甲醛102a(CAS No.:1160573-10-3,65mg,0.24mmol),随后加入乙酸(23μL,0.40mmol)。将所得的混合物在密封管中在80℃搅拌5h,然后冷却至RT。将混合物在SCX-2柱上纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇9:1,然后2N氨水/甲醇)。合并适当的馏分,蒸发并将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度0%至30%)得到102b,其为黄色固体(89mg,89%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.54-7.50(m,1H),7.39(s,1H),7.25-7.21(m,3H),7.16-7.08(m,2H),5.26(s,1H),3.67-3.60(m,1H),3.06(ddd,J=1.5,4.9,15.2Hz,1H),2.86(dd,J=15.2,21.5Hz,1H),2.61(ddd,J=1.5,4.4,15.2Hz,1H),2.39(dd,J=15.2,24.0Hz,1H),1.29-1.15(m,6H),1.10(d,J=6.4Hz,3H);LCMS:497.0[M-H]-.
步骤2:将(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉102b(82mg,0.16mmol)、2-(3-氟甲基-氮杂环丁烷-1-基)-乙醇102c(根据WO 2013/090836,第124页制备,44mg,0.33mmol;CAS No.:1443984-69-7,WO 2013/090836)、碘化亚铜(6.2mg,0.03mmol)和碳酸钾(68mg,0.49mmol)在丁腈(600μL)中的混合物用三次真空/氩气循环脱气。将反应混合物在135℃加热24h,冷却至室温并用乙酸乙酯稀释。将固体经硅藻土滤过由反应混合物除去并将固体用乙酸乙酯洗涤。将合并的滤液用水(三次)和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过,并减压浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:0-7%甲醇/二氯甲烷)。收集适当的馏分并蒸发得到102,其为黄色固体(17.2mg,21%).1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.51(s,1H),7.39(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.01-6.91(m,2H),6.64(d,J=11.2Hz,2H),5.11(s,1H),4.56(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.44(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.92(s,2H),3.54-3.47(m,2H),3.06-2.66(m,6H),2.59-2.53(m,2H,部分经DMSO-d6),2.40-2.27(m,2H),1.25-1.09(m,6H),1.04(d,J=6.4Hz,3H);LCMS:502.3[M-H]-.
实施例103 1-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-(2-(3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2-甲基丙-1-酮103
步骤1:(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘苯基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚103b
向微波小瓶中加入(2R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺103a(710mg,3.67mmol),随后加入2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯甲醛(1.1g,4.03mmol)和乙腈(2.6mL)。将反应混合物置于氮气气氛下并加入TFA(0.5mL,7.0mmol),然后将反应混合物在微波中加热至130℃且保持1h,然后用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭。将混合物用DCM萃取(3x 100mL),用硫酸镁干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶快速柱色谱纯化(0-100%EtOAc/己烷)得到103b(450mg,29%).1H NMR(400MHz,氘代氯仿-d):δ7.60–7.48(m,2H),7.27(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.17–7.08(m,2H),5.63(s,1H),3.45(dq,J=12.7,6.2Hz,1H),2.99(ddd,J=15.5,4.6,1.3Hz,1H),2.52(ddd,J=15.5,7.3,1.8Hz,1H),1.29(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).
步骤2:1-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2-甲基丙-1-酮103c
向圆底烧瓶(RBF)中加入(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚103b(50mg,0.12mmol),随后加入碳酸氢钠(50mg,0.59mmol)和氯仿(0.8mL)。加入2-甲基丙酰氯(31mg,0.2947mmol)并将反应混合物加热至45℃且保持1h(小时)。加入二异丙基乙基胺(许尼希碱,0.1mL,0.59mmol)并将反应混合物搅拌直到LC-MS指示起始物质消耗。加入碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液(10mL)。然后将反应混合物用DCM(3x50mL)萃取,经硫酸镁干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶快速柱色谱纯化(0-100%EtOAc/己烷)得到103c(51mg,88%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.74(s,1H),7.46(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),7.24(dt,J=8.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.01(dddd,J=26.4,8.0,7.0,1.2Hz,2H),6.10(s,1H),4.88–4.71(m,1H),3.17(dd,J=14.9,5.6Hz,1H),3.03(p,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.84(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),1.12(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.06–0.92(m,6H).
步骤3:向5mL微波小瓶中加入1-[(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基]-2-甲基-丙-1-酮103c(51mg,0.10mmol),随后加入2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙醇102c(根据WO2013/090836,第124页制备,27mg,0.21mmol)、碘化亚铜(8mg,0.04mmol)、碳酸钾(43mg,0.31mmol)。密封小瓶并加入丁腈(0.7mL)。然后将反应混合物加热至135℃过夜,然后冷却至室温。然后将反应混合物经硅藻土滤过(用EtOAc洗脱)。然后将合并的滤液浓缩并经反相HPLC纯化得到103(16mg,31%).1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.48(s,1H),7.51–7.39(m,1H),7.32–7.22(m,1H),7.09–6.90(m,2H),6.51(d,J=11.0Hz,2H),6.11(s,1H),4.89–4.71(m,1H),4.55(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.43(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.94(q,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.59–3.38(m,2H),3.24–3.18(m,2H),3.04–2.97(m,2H),2.87–2.74(m,4H),1.12(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.98(dd,J=10.3,6.7Hz,6H);LCMS:500.3[M+H]+
实施例104 1-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-(2-(3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-酮104
步骤1:1-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-酮104a
向圆底烧瓶中加入(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚103b(100mg,0.24mmol),随后加入2-氟-2-甲基-丙酰氯(0.59mL,1MCHCl3溶液,由相应的酸与草酰氯的反应制备)、碳酸氢钠(99mg,1.2mmol)和氯仿(1.6mL),然后将反应混合物加热至45℃且保持1h,然后加入许尼希碱(0.2mL,1.2mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌直到经LC-MS监测反应指示所有起始物质消耗。将反应混合物用碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液淬灭。然后将混合物用DCM(3x 50mL)萃取,用硫酸镁干燥,滤过并浓缩。将所得的粗产物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(0-100%EtOAC/己烷)得到104a(95mg,79%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.54–7.31(m,3H),7.28–7.21(m,1H),7.04(ddd,J=8.1,7.1,1.3Hz,1H),6.98(td,J=7.5,7.0,1.1Hz,1H),6.08(s,1H),5.14(s,1H),3.14(dd,J=15.4,4.6Hz,1H),2.81(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),1.51(dd,J=35.4,21.8Hz,6H),1.17(dt,J=3.1Hz,3H);LCMS:513.0[M+H]+.
步骤2:向5mL微波小瓶中加入1-[(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基]-2-氟-2-甲基-丙-1-酮104a(29mg,0.056mmol),随后加入2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙醇(15mg,0.11mmol)、碘化亚铜(4mg.,0.023mmol)、碳酸钾(24mg,0.17mmol)和丁腈(0.37mL)。将溶液脱气5min,然后加热至135℃过夜。当由LC-MS监测反应时,指示所有起始物质消耗,将粗混合物冷却至室温,经滤过。将硅藻土填料进一步用EtOAc洗涤,并将合并的滤液浓缩并经反相HPLC纯化得到104(9mg,31%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,350K):δ10.69(s,1H),7.54–7.38(m,1H),7.31–7.17(m,1H),7.00(dtd,J=24.8,7.1,1.2Hz,2H),6.55(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),6.03(s,1H),5.21–5.05(m,1H),4.54(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.42(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.87(t,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.30–3.25(m,2H),3.15(dd,J=15.3,4.7Hz,1H),2.96(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.79(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),2.75–2.62(m,3H),1.55(d,J=21.8Hz,2H),1.45(d,J=21.8Hz,2H),1.15(d,J=6.4Hz,2H);LCMS:518.2[M+H]+.
实施例105(1R,3R)-1-(4-(2-(3-(二氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)乙氧基)-2,6-二氟苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚105
步骤1:乙酸2-(3,5-二氟-4-甲酰基苯氧基)乙酯105a
将2,6-二氟-4-羟基-苯甲醛(CAS No.:532967-21-8,300mg,1.89mmol)和2-溴-乙酸乙酯(CAS No.:927-68-4,0.22mL,2mmol)在乙腈(5mL)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)中的溶液在80℃加热24h。加入另一份2-溴-乙酸乙酯(0.11mL,1mmol),并继续在80℃加热额外的30h。将反应混合物冷却至环境温度。将残留物在EtOAc和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液之间分配。将水层用另一份EtOAc萃取。分离合并的有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,滤过并真空浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度0%至33%)得到105a,其为白色粉末(213mg,45%).1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ10.20(s,1H),6.51(d,J=10.4Hz,2H),4.44(t,J=4.7Hz,2H),4.22(t,J=4.7Hz,2H),2.11(s,3H).
步骤2:乙酸2-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯氧基)乙酯105b
在氩气下向(2-氟-2-甲基-丙基)-[(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-胺101d(213mg,0.86mmol)和乙酸2-(3,5-二氟-4-甲酰基苯氧基)乙酯105a(210mg,0.86mmol)在甲苯(1mL)中的溶液中加入冰醋酸(0.1mL,1.72mmol)。密封容器,并将反应混合物在80℃加热16h。将反应混合物冷却至环境温度。将残留物在二氯甲烷和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液之间分配。将水层用另一份二氯甲烷萃取。分离合并的有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,滤过并真空浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度0%至20%)得到105b,其为白色泡沫(323mg,80%).1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.54-7.49(m,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.24-7.19(m,1H),7.14-7.07(m,2H),6.42(dd,J=13,3Hz,2H),5.19(s,1H),4.40(t,J=4.7Hz,2H),4.12(t,J=4.7Hz,2H),3.70-3.62(m,1H),3.13-3.04(m,1H),2.92-2.79(dd,J=19,15Hz,1H),2.65-2.55(m,1H),2.46-2.31(dd,J=25.0,15.0Hz,1H),2.10(s,3H),1.24(d,J=11.0Hz,3H),1.17(d,J=11.3Hz,3H),1.1(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).
步骤3:2-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯氧基)乙醇105c
向乙酸2-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯氧基)乙酯105b(320mg,0.675mmol)在THF/MeOH(2/1,6mL)中的溶液中加入氢氧化钠(1N,4mL)。将反应混合物在70℃加热45min。将反应混合物冷却至环境温度,并将溶剂真空除去。将残留物在二氯甲烷和水之间分配。分离有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,滤过并真空浓缩,得到105c,其为白色泡沫(264mg,91%).LCMS:431.2[M-H]-.
步骤4:(1R,3R)-1-(4-(2-溴乙氧基)-2,6-二氟苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚105d
向2-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯氧基)乙醇105c(130mg,0.3mmol)在DCM(2.5mL)中的溶液中加入三苯基膦(94mg,0.36mmol)和四溴化碳(120mg,0.36mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌1h,然后将溶剂真空除去。将粗产物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度0%至20%)得到105d,其为白色泡沫(142mg,95%).1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.54–7.49(m,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.25–7.19(m,1H),7.15–7.07(m,2H),6.42(dd,J=13.0,3.0Hz,2H),5.20(s,1H),4.24(t,J=4.7Hz,2H),3.72–3.59(m,3H),3.12–3.03(m,1H),2.92–2.79(dd,J=19.4,15.0Hz,1H),2.64–2.56(m,1H),2.46–2.31(dd,J=25.0,15.0Hz,1H),1.24(d,J=12.1Hz,3H),1.17(d,J=12Hz,3H),1.10(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).
步骤5:向(1R,3R)-1-(4-(2-溴乙氧基)-2,6-二氟苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚105d(62mg,0.125mmol)在乙腈(1mL)中的溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.064mL,0.375mmol)和3-(二氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷盐酸盐(CAS 1354792-76-9,27mg,0.187mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌1h,然后在45℃搅拌4h。将反应混合物冷却至环境温度。将残留物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将水层用另一份EtOAc萃取。分离合并的有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,滤过并真空浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇,梯度0%至2.5%)得到105,其为灰白色固体(40mg,62%).1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.54-7.49(m,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.24-7.19(m,1H),7.14-7.06(m,2H),6.38(dd,J=13.3,3Hz,2H),6.17-5.76(dt,J=56.0,5.1Hz,1H),5.18(s,1H),3.90(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.71-3.63(m,1H),3.46(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),3.27(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),3.13-3.04(m,1H),2.92-2.79(m,3H),2.64-2.55(m,1H),2.45-2.30(dd,J=25.6,14.9Hz,1H),1.23(d,J=10.3Hz,3H),1.16(d,J=12Hz,3H),1.09(d,J=6.5Hz,3H);LCMS:520.4[M-H]-.
化合物106-125按照本申请所述的操作制备并经LCMS表征[M+H]+:
实施例126(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-(2-(3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)-3-甲基-2-(甲基磺酰基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚126
步骤1:(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘苯基)-3-甲基-2-(甲基磺酰基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚
向50-mL圆底烧瓶中加入(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(50mg,0.12mmol)和氯仿(0.15M,0.8mL),然后先后加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.06mL,0.35mmol)和甲磺酰氯(0.014mL,0.18mmol)。然后将反应混合物加热至45℃并监测直到LCMS指示起始物质完全消耗。将反应混合物冷却至室温,通过加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液淬灭,用DCM(3x 50mL)萃取,经硫酸镁干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶快速柱色谱纯化(用0-50%iPrOAc/庚烷洗脱)得到标题化合物(40mg,68%收率).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.78(s,1H),7.54(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.05(ddd,J=8.2,7.1,1.2Hz,1H),7.02–6.95(m,1H),6.18(s,1H),4.43(q,J=5.6,5.0Hz,1H),3.09–2.99(m,1H),2.83(s,4H),1.31(d,J=6.6Hz,3H).LCMS:503.0[M+H]+.
步骤2:向5mL小瓶中加入(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-2-甲基磺酰基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(40mg,0.08mmol)、2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙醇(21mg,0.16mmol)、碘化亚铜(6mg,0.032mmol)、碳酸钾(33mg,0.24mmol)和丁腈(0.5mL)。将溶液脱气5min,然后加热至135℃过夜。一旦经LCMS监测反应指示反应完成,将反应混合物经硅藻土滤过(用EtOAc洗脱)。将滤液浓缩并经反相HPLC纯化得到126(6mg,15%收率).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.74(s,1H),7.43(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.24–7.20(m,1H),7.04(ddd,J=8.2,7.0,1.4Hz,1H),6.97(td,J=7.4,1.1Hz,1H),6.73–6.64(m,2H),6.15(s,1H),4.55(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.45–4.35(m,2H),3.93(t,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.30–3.28(m,2H),3.03–2.95(m,3H),2.77(s,3H),2.74–2.65(m,4H),1.33(dd,J=6.8,2.1Hz,3H).LCMS:508.2[M+H]+.
实施例145 N-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)-1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺145
步骤1:(1R,3R)-1-(4-溴-2,6-二氟苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚
向(R)-N-(1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-胺(500mg,2.01mmol)在甲苯(6mL)中的溶液中加入4-溴-2,6-二氟苯甲醛(490mg,2.21mmol)和乙酸(0.58mL,10.2mmol)。将反应混合物在80℃搅拌16小时。在冷却至室温后,将溶液浓缩并将残留物用EtOAc(40mL)稀释,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(10mL)和水(20mL)洗涤。将有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。将残留物经硅胶色谱纯化(溶剂梯度:0-6%EtOAc/石油醚)得到标题化合物(800mg,88%),其为浅黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.41(s,1H),7.24(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.16-7.09(m,2H),7.06(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.27(s,1H),3.73-3.54(m,1H),3.09-3.05(m,1H),2.95-2.76(m,1H),2.64-2.60(m,1H),2.47-2.33(m,1H),1.30-1.17(m,6H),1.11(d,J=6.4Hz,3H).
步骤2:3-((3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
将(1R,3R)-1-(4-溴-2,6-二氟苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(来自步骤1,800.0mg,1.77mmol)、BINAP(110.4mg,0.18mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(162.3mg,0.18mmol)、t-BuONa(511.0mg,5.32mmol)和3-氨基氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(457.9mg,2.66mmol)在甲苯(10mL)中的混合物在110℃在氮气气氛下搅拌16小时。将反应混合物浓缩并用硅胶柱纯化(0-5%甲醇/DCM)得到标题化合物(900mg,94%),其为棕色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.51(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),7.43(s,1H),7.22(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.13-7.05(m,2H),5.97(d,J=11.2Hz,2H),5.14(s,1H),4.37-4.21(m,3H),4.20-4.01(m,1H),3.78-3.60(m,3H),3.12-3.07(m,1H),2.96-2.77(m,1H),2.63-2.57(m,1H),2.48-2.33(m,1H),1.45(s,9H),1.25-1.17(m,6H),1.10(d,J=6.0Hz,3H)
步骤3:N-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺
在-20℃向3-((3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(来自步骤2,0.9g,1.66mmol)在DCM(5mL)中的混合物中加入TFA(1.8mL,24.88mmol)。将所得的混合物在0℃搅拌16小时。将NaHCO3水溶液(80mL)缓慢加入至反应混合物,然后将反应混合物用DCM(100mL×2)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩得到标题化合物(700mg,95%),其为棕色固体。将粗产物无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。
步骤4:向N-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺(来自步骤3,700.0mg,1.58mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(613.3mg,4.75mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10mL)中的混合物中加入1-溴-3-氟丙烷(223.0mg,1.58mmol)并将反应混合物在10℃搅拌16小时。将反应混合物经柱色谱纯化(0-10%MeOH/DCM)并进一步经反相色谱纯化(乙腈66-96%/0.05%NH4OH/水)得到145(280mg,35%),其为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.38(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.03-6.88(m,2H),6.07(d,J=11.6Hz,2H),5.10(s,1H),4.54-4.36(m,2H),4.03-4.01(m,1H),3.79-3.71(m,2H),3.69-3.65(m,1H),3.04-3.00(m,1H),2.97-2.91(m,2H),2.87-2.85(m,1H),2.62(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.58-2.55(m,1H),2.48-2.32(m,1H),1.83-1.67(m,2H),1.20-1.11(m,6H),1.08(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).
实施例154(S)-3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-(2-(3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇154
步骤1:2-氟-2-甲基丙二酸二甲酯
向500-mL烘箱干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入氢化钠(1.15当量,21mmol)。将反应混合物置于氮气气氛下并冷却至0℃,然后加入THF(63mL)。向该混合物中逐滴加入2-甲基丙二酸二甲酯(5.0g,34.2mmol)并将反应混合物搅拌30min,然后加入一份正氟苯磺酰亚胺(1.05当量,19.2mmol)。将反应混合物温热至室温并将反应混合物固化,由此加入额外的50mLTHF。1.5h后,将反应混合物用aq.2N HCl淬灭,用EtOAc(500mL)稀释并用3x200 mL2N HCl洗涤。分离有机相,用硫酸镁干燥,滤过,并浓缩。然后将白色粗固体吸收于200mL庚烷,超声并经硅藻土滤过。然后将滤过的固体用3x200mL庚烷洗涤。然后将合并的滤液浓缩得到粗的期望产物(3g,53%收率),其为黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ3.32(s,6H),1.18(d,J=6.3Hz,3H).
步骤2:2-氟-2-甲基丙-1,3-二醇
向500-mL烘箱干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入2-氟-2-甲基-丙二酸二甲酯(3g,18.3mmol)和THF(90mL)。将反应混合物置于氮气气氛下,然后冷却至0℃,然后逐滴加入氢化铝锂溶液(1M在THF中,2.75当量,50.3mmol)并历时1h将反应混合物温热至室温。然后将反应混合物再次冷却至0℃并通过加入水(2mL)、随后加入15%NaOH水溶液(2mL)和水(4mL)淬灭。将浆液搅拌15min,滤过并浓缩得到粗产物(1.4g,71%收率).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ4.85(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.45(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.41(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),1.22–1.15(d,3H).
步骤3:3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇
向500-mL烘箱干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入2-氟-2-甲基-丙烷-1,3-二醇(1.47g,1.25当量,13.6mmol),随后加入咪唑(1.11g,1.5当量,16.4mmol)、叔丁基氯二苯基甲硅烷(3.0g,10.9mmol)和氯仿(136mL)。将反应混合物搅拌过夜并通过加入饱和NH4Cl溶液(100mL)淬灭。将混合物用DCM(100mL)萃取,用硫酸镁干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗混合物经快速硅胶柱色谱纯化(0-100%iPrOAc/庚烷)得到预期产物(1.26g,33%收率).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.68–7.60(m,4H),7.51–7.40(m,6H),4.97(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),3.70(dd,J=19.4,1.9Hz,2H),3.52(ddd,J=18.5,5.8,1.8Hz,2H),1.28(d,J=21.8Hz,3H),1.01(s,9H).
步骤4:三氟甲磺酸3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙酯
在氮气气氛下向500-mL烘箱干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2-氟-2-甲基-丙-1-醇(1.3g,3.8mmol)、二氯甲烷(63mL)。然后将反应混合物冷却至0℃并逐滴加入三氟甲磺酸酐(1.27g,1.2当量,4.5mmol)。然后将反应混合物搅拌2h,然后用2N HCl、然后饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤。分离有机层,然后用硫酸镁干燥,并经硅胶填料滤过(用DCM洗脱),然后将滤液浓缩至干得到粗的预期产物(1.8g,100%收率)并且无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.66–7.58(m,4H),7.56–7.41(m,6H),5.07–4.81(m,2H),3.88–3.68(m,2H),1.40(d,J=21.6Hz,3H),1.01(s,9H).
步骤5:N-((R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)-3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-胺
向250-mL烘箱干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入(2R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺(600mg,3.1mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.81mL,1.5当量,4.65mmol)和1,4-二噁烷(6mL)并将反应混合物置于氮气气氛下,然后加入三氟甲磺酸[3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]酯(1.95g,1.25当量,3.9mmol)并将反应混合物加热至90℃。当LC-MS指示起始物质消耗,将反应混合物用饱和aq NaHCO3淬灭并将混合物用EtOAc(3x 200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用硫酸镁干燥,滤过并浓缩。经快速硅胶柱色谱纯化(0-100%EtOAc/己烷)得到标题化合物(1.2g,77%收率).LCMS:503.3[M+H]+.
步骤6:3-((R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基氨基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇
将3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2-氟-N-[(1R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-2-甲基-丙-1-胺(1.2g,2.4mmol)加入至250-mL烘箱干燥的圆底烧瓶中,然后加入THF(9.6mL)和四丁基氟化铵水合物(3mL 1M在THF中的溶液)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌直到LC-MS指示起始物质完全消耗。将反应混合物通过加入水淬灭并用25%IPA/DCM 5x100mL萃取。然后将合并的有机相用硫酸镁干燥,滤过,并浓缩。经快速硅胶柱色谱纯化(0-30%2N NH3/MeOH/DCM)得到标题化合物(332mg,53%收率).LCMS:265.1[M+H]+.
步骤7:3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇
向100-mL圆底烧瓶中加入2-氟-3-[[(1R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]氨基]-2-甲基-丙-1-醇(332mg,1.26mmol)、2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯甲醛(370mg,1.1当量,1.38mmol)和甲苯(5.5mL)。将反应混合物置于氮气气氛下并加入乙酸(2M),然后将反应混合物加热至90℃且保持48h。然后将反应混合物用饱和NaHCO3水溶液淬灭并用iPrOAc(5x100mL)剧烈萃取。然后将有机物用硫酸镁干燥,滤过并浓缩。经快速硅胶柱色谱纯化(0-100%iPrOAc/庚烷)得到标题化合物(475mg,74%收率).LCMS:515.1[M+H]+.
步骤8:向20-mL微波小瓶中加入3-[(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基]-2-氟-2-甲基-丙-1-醇(400mg,0.78mmol)、2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙醇(518mg,5当量,3.9mmol)、碘化亚铜(74mg,0.5当量,0.39mmol)和碳酸钾(644mg,6当量,4.7mmol)。封盖小瓶并将混合物置于氮气气氛下,然后加入丁腈(5.2mL)并将混合物脱气10min,然后将反应混合物加热至135℃且保持16h,经硅藻土滤过并经手性反相HPLC纯化得到两个非对映异构体。154为第二个洗脱出的非对映异构体(90mg,22%收率)。154:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.48(s,1H),7.39(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),7.17(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),6.96(dtd,J=20.1,7.2,1.3Hz,2H),6.72–6.55(m,2H),5.08(s,1H),4.84(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.56(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.44(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.92(t,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.55(q,J=6.0,5.4Hz,1H),3.03–2.83(m,4H),2.72(dt,J=13.0,5.6Hz,3H),2.61–2.51(m,2H),2.45–2.30(m,1H),1.15–0.96(m,6H)。2个质子被水峰掩蔽。手性SFC:柱OX UPC2,等度25%MeOH与0.1%NH4OH 2.5min。保留时间1.35min.LCMS:520.3[M+H]+.
实施例155(2R)-3-[(1R,3R)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-[2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙氧基]苯基]-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基]-2-氟-2-甲基-丙-1-醇155
按照实施例154的操作,155为第一个洗脱出的非对映异构体(110mg,27%收率)。155:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.52(s,1H),7.42–7.34(m,1H),7.21–7.14(m,1H),6.96(dtd,J=20.9,7.1,1.2Hz,2H),6.69–6.58(m,2H),5.12(s,1H),4.81(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.56(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.44(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.93(t,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.46(ddd,J=18.2,11.9,5.7Hz,2H),3.14(ddd,J=20.4,11.9,5.9Hz,2H),3.03–2.78(m,4H),2.78–2.64(m,3H),2.58–2.51(m,2H),2.47–2.36(m,1H),1.11(d,J=22.0Hz,3H),1.04(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。2个质子被水峰掩蔽。手性SFC:柱OX UPC2,等度25%MeOH与0.1%NH4OH 2.5min。保留时间0.55min.LCMS:520.2[M+H]+.
实施例174(1R,3R)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-[2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙氧基]苯基]-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚174
步骤1:(R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)丙-2-胺
将(2R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺(100mg,0.574mmol)、三氟甲磺酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯(151mg,0.6313mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(371mg,2.87mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(3.8261mL)中的混合物在50℃加热6h。将反应混合物冷却至室温,用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取(2x)。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4),滤过并浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶快速色谱纯化(0-50%iPrOAc/庚烷)得到标题化合物(89mg,60.5%收率),其为无色油状物。1H NMR(氯仿-d)δ:8.10–7.92(m,1H),7.62–7.56(m,1H),7.33(dt,J=8.1,0.9Hz,1H),7.23–7.16(m,1H),7.15–7.08(m,1H),7.02–6.98(m,1H),3.21–3.09(m,3H),2.83(dd,J=6.6,0.8Hz,2H),1.12(d,J=6.2Hz,3H).LCMS(ESI)m/z 257[M+H+].
步骤2:(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘苯基)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚
将(2R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)丙-2-胺(54mg,0.211mmol)、2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯甲醛(62mg,0.232mmol)和乙酸(110mg,1.84mmol)在甲苯(1mL)中的混合物在90℃加热5h。然后将混合物浓缩。将残留物在之EtOAc和饱和NaHCO3间分配。将水层用EtOAc萃取(2x)。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4),滤过并浓缩得到标题化合物,其为白色固体,其无需纯化即可使用。LCMS(ESI)m/z 507[M+H+].
步骤3:将(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(107mg,0.211mmol)、2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙醇(84mg,0.632mmol)、CuI(16mg,0.0843mmol)和K2CO3(87mg,0.632mmol)在丁腈(1.4mL)中的混合物在微波中小瓶用氮气净化5min,然后密封并在135℃加热23h。将混合物经硅藻土滤过浓缩并经制备新HPLC纯化得到174(51mg,47%收率),其为黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.61(s,1H),7.45–7.35(m,1H),7.20(dt,J=8.0,0.9Hz,1H),7.05–6.90(m,2H),6.71–6.59(m,2H),5.20(s,1H),4.50(dd,J=47.6,6.2Hz,2H),3.94(t,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.57–3.35(m,2H),3.31–3.22(m,2H),2.97(dt,J=16.8,7.9Hz,3H),2.84(ddd,J=15.3,4.9,1.2Hz,1H),2.77–2.66(m,3H),2.64–2.56(m,1H),1.12(d,J=6.6Hz,3H).LCMS(ESI)m/z 512[M+H+].
实施例286 3-[(1R,3R)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-[2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙氧基]苯基]-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基]-2,2-二氟-丙-1-醇286
步骤1:3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇
在冰浴上向2,2-二氟丙烷-1,3-二醇(200mg,1.78mmol)在THF(4mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入NaH(60%在矿物油中,71mg,1.78mmol)并将反应混合物搅拌30分钟。将TBDPSCl(490mg,1.78mmol)逐滴加入至反应混合物,然后将反应混合物温热至20℃并继续搅拌3小时。将水(10mL)缓慢加入至反应混合物并将所得的混合物用EtOAc(10mL×2)洗涤。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(20%石油醚/EtOAc)得到标题化合物(450mg,1.28mmol,72%收率),其为浅黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.71-7.64(m,4H),7.44-7.36(m,6H),3.96-3.84(m,4H),1.86(s,1H),1.06(s,9H).
步骤2:三氟甲磺酸3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-二氟丙酯
在冰浴上向3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2,2-二氟-丙-1-醇(来自步骤1,400mg,1.14mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(0.39mL,3.42mmol)在DCM(8mL)中的搅拌溶液中逐滴加入Tf2O(0.38mL,2.28mmol)。将反应混合物在20℃搅拌2小时。然后将反应混合物缓慢倒入冰水(20mL)上,并将混合物用DCM(20mL×2)萃取。将合并的有机层用1N HCl(20mL)、饱和NaHCO3(20mL)和盐水洗涤。将有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(10%石油醚/EtOAc)得到预期产物(500mg,1.04mmol,91%),其为浅黄色油状物。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66-7.64(m,4H),7.47-7.41(m,6H),4.76(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.89(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.08(s,9H).
步骤3:(R)-N-(1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)-3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-胺
将三氟甲磺酸[3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2,2-二氟-丙基]酯(来自步骤2,8.31g,17.22mmol)、DIPEA(6.1mL,34.44mmol)和(2R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺(3g,17.22mmol)在二噁烷(60mL)中的混合物在90℃搅拌12小时。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用水(100mL)稀释并用EtOAc(100mL×2)洗涤。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(20%EtOAc/石油醚)得到标题化合物(7.6g,87%),其为黄色油状物.LCMS:507.2[M+H]+.
步骤4:(R)-3-((1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)氨基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇
向(R)-N-(1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)-3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-胺(来自步骤3,7.6g,15mmol)在THF(100mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TBAF(1.0M在THF中,30mL,30mmol)。将反应混合物在25℃搅拌4小时,然后用水(200mL)稀释并用EtOAc(200mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(70%EtOAc/石油醚)得到标题化合物(3.5g,87%),其为浅黄色油状物。LCMS:268.9[M+H]+.
步骤5:3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇
将(R)-3-((1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)氨基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇(来自步骤4,2g,7.45mmol)、HOAc(1.29mL,22.36mmol)和2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯甲醛(2g,7.45mmol)在甲苯(30mL)中的混合物在90℃搅拌12小时。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用水(50mL)稀释,用EtOAc(50mL×2)洗涤。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(20%石油醚/EtOAc)得到标题化合物(2.8g,73%),其为浅黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53–7.49(m,2H),7.30–7.22(m,3H),7.18–7.13(m,2H),5.25(s,1H),3.72–3.68(m,3H),3.24–3.06(m,3H),2.85–2.75(m,1H),2.70–2.66(m,1H),1.18(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).
步骤6:将3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇(来自步骤5,1.5g,2.89mmol)、2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙醇(1.93g,14.47mmol)、CuI(1.65g,8.68mmol)和K2CO3(1.2g,8.68mmol)在n-PrCN(20mL)中的混合物在氮气气氛下在135℃搅拌3小时。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用水(50mL)稀释,用DCM(50mL×2)洗涤。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将所得的残留物经反相色谱纯化(乙腈50-80%/0.05%NH4OH/水)得到286(170mg,11%),其为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.41(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.03-6.94(m,2H),6.54(d,J=11.2Hz,2H),5.24(s,1H),4.49(dd,J=47.6,6.0Hz,2H),4.00-3.98(m,2H),3.83-3.72(m,1H),3.63-3.45(m,4H),3.22-3.13(m,3H),3.02-2.60(m,6H),1.17(d,J=6.0Hz,3H).LCMS:524.1[M+H]+.
实施例303(1R,3R)-2-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-[1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基]氧基-苯基]-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚303
按照实施例305的操作制备303。LCMS:494.2[M+H]+.
实施例304 N-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)-1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺304
步骤1:(R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)丙-2-胺
向(2R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺(10.0g,57.39mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(100mL)中的溶液中加入三氟甲磺酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯(13.3g,57.39mmol)和DIPEA(22.2g,172.18mmol)。将所得的混合物在80℃搅拌15小时。将反应混合物浓缩并经柱色谱纯化(用0-30%EtOAc/己烷洗脱)得到标题化合物(14g,95.2%),其为浅黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02(br.s.,1H),7.60(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.21(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.16-7.09(m,1H),7.05(s,1H),3.24-3.11(m,3H),2.84(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.14(d,J=6.4Hz,3H).
步骤2:(1R,3R)-1-(4-溴-2,6-二氟苯基)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚
将(R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)丙-2-胺(来自步骤1,14.0g,54.63mmol)、4-溴-2,6-二氟苯甲醛(11.5g,51.9mmol)和乙酸(6.25mL,109.26mmol)在甲苯(150mL)中的混合物在90℃搅拌16小时。将反应混合物冷却至25℃,浓缩并经硅胶柱色谱纯化(0-5%EtOAc/石油醚)得到标题化合物及其顺式异构体(24g,95.7%收率)(反式:顺式=4:1),其为黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.52(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.19-7.05(m,4H),5.69(s,0.2H),5.31(s,0.8H),3.64-3.50(m,1H),3.45-3.17(m,1H),3.10-3.06(m,1H),2.98-2.81(m,1H),2.78-2.59(m,1H),1.41(d,J=6.4Hz,0.6H),1.18(d,J=6.4Hz,2.4H).
步骤3:3-((3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
将(1R,3R)-1-(4-溴-2,6-二氟苯基)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(反式:顺式=4:1)(来自步骤2,23.0g,50.08mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(4.59g,5.01mmol)、3-氨基氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(12.9g,75.12mmol)、Xantphos(5.8g,10.02mmol)和Cs2CO3(48.9g,150.25mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(250mL)中的混合物在115℃在氮气气氛下搅拌16小时。将反应混合物经硅藻土滤过并将滤液浓缩并经柱色谱纯化(0-30%EtOAc/石油醚)得到标题化合物(25g,90.7%收率)(反式:顺式=4:1),其为浅棕色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.56-7.37(m,1H),7.24-7.19(m,1H),7.15-7.06(m,2H),6.04-5.94(m,2H),5.57(s,0.2H),5.21(s,0.8H),4.50-4.38(m,1H),4.31-4.21(m,2H),3.74-3.72(m,2H),3.61-3.47(m,1H),3.35-3.17(m,1H),3.10-3.07(m,1H),3.02-2.78(m,1H),2.77-2.55(m,1H),1.44(s,9H),1.39(d,J=6.4Hz,0.6H),1.16(d,J=6.4Hz,2.4H).
步骤4:N-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺
在0℃向3-((3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(来自步骤3,10.0g,18.16mmol)(反式:顺式=4:1)在1,4-二噁烷(120mL)中的溶液中加入硫酸(4.87mL,90.82mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌0.5小时。将反应混合物倒入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(250mL)并将混合物用EtOAc(200mL×2)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩得到标题化合物(8g,97.8%收率)(反式:顺式=4:1),其为黄色固体。粗化合物直接用于下一步。
步骤5:向N-(3,5-二氟-4-((1R,3R)-3-甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)苯基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺(来自步骤4,反式:顺式=4:1,8.0g,17.76mmol)和DIPEA(8.83mL,53.28mmol)在DMF(80mL)中的混合物中逐滴加入1-氟-3-碘丙烷(3.34g,17.76mmol)。将反应混合物在20℃搅拌16小时。将反应混合物用EtOAc(400mL)稀释,用盐水(200mL×5)洗涤。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,滤过,浓缩并经柱色谱纯化(10-40%EtOAc/DCM)得到预期产物(7g,77.2%收率),其为棕色固体。将该产物与另一批(12.3g总计)合并并经制备性HPLC纯化(Phenomenex Synergi Max-RP 250*80mm*10um乙腈50-80/10mM NH4HCO3/水)得到10g产物(反式:顺式=4:1,在HPLC上不可分),其为白色固体。然后将该产物(反式:顺式=4:1)进一步经SFC纯化(AD(250mm*30mm,10um)碱-EtOH40%)得到纯的304(5.9g,59%收率),其为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.40(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.05-6.91(m,2H),6.09(d,J=12Hz,2H),5.22(s,1H),4.58-4.35(m,2H),4.07-4.02(m,1H),3.77(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.62-3.50(m,1H),3.39-3.32(m,1H),3.06-2.90(m,4H),2.66-2.55(m,3H),1.87-1.66(m,2H),1.17(d,J=6.4Hz,3H).
实施例305(1R,3R)-2-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-[2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙氧基]苯基]-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚305
步骤1:(R)-N-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺
将(2R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺(4.2g,24.1mmol)、三氟甲磺酸2,2-二氟乙酯(5.16g,24.1mmol)和二异丙基胺(8.41mL,48.2mmol)的混合物加热至80℃且保持3小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,用iPrOAc(150mL)稀释并用水、盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶快速柱色谱纯化(用0-5%MeOH/DCM洗脱)得到标题化合物(5.6g,97%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.03(s,1H),7.63–7.54(m,1H),7.36(dt,J=8.1,0.9Hz,1H),7.27–7.17(m,1H),7.12(ddd,J=8.0,7.1,1.1Hz,1H),5.78(tdd,J=56.6,4.7,4.1Hz,1H),3.11–2.76(m,5H),1.12(d,J=6.2Hz,3H);LCMS:239.15[M+H]+.
步骤2:(1R,3R)-2-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚
向(R)-N-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺(5.0g,21mmol)和2,6-二氟-4-碘苯甲醛(5.2g,19mmol)在甲苯(70ml)中的溶液中加入乙酸(2.4mL)并将混合物在90℃在氮气气氛下加热20h。将反应混合物冷却并浓缩。将残留物溶于iPrOAc并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。经快速色谱纯化(硅胶,0-15%iPrOAc/庚烷)得到标题化合物(7.8g,76%),其为反式:顺式异构体的3:1混合物。LCMS:489.0[M+H]+。将混合物如原样用于下一步。
步骤3:将(1R,3R)-2-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(8.0g,16.4mmol)、2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙醇(2.62g,19.7mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.94g,4.9mmol)、碳酸钾(4.5g,32.8mmol)和丁腈(33mL)的混合物脱气5min,然后加热至140℃过夜。将反应混合物经硅藻土滤过(用iPrOAc洗脱)。将滤液浓缩并经反相HPLC纯化并将顺式:反式异构体经手性SFC分离得到305(3.77g,44%收率).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.59(s,1H),7.40(dd,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.22–7.14(m,1H),7.04–6.88(m,2H),6.66(d,J=11.1Hz,2H),6.05–5.61(m,1H),5.17(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),4.50(dd,J=47.6,6.2Hz,2H),3.94(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.41–3.32(m,2H),3.15–2.90(m,3H),2.90–2.52(m,7H),1.09(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)..LCMS:494.2[M+H]+.
实施例306(1S,3R)-2-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-[2-[3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基]乙氧基]苯基]-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚306
按照实施例305的操作制备306。LCMS:494.2[M+H]+.
实施例340 3-[(1R,3R)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-[[1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基]氨基]苯基]-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基]-2,2-二氟-丙-1-醇340
步骤1:(R)-N-(1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)-3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-胺
将(2R)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺(29g,166.44mmol)、三氟甲磺酸[3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2,2-二氟-丙基]酯(80.31g,166.44mmol)和DIPEA(55.01mL,332.87mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(600mL)中的混合物在90℃搅拌12小时。将反应混合物稀释于水(600mL)中并用EtOAc(600mL×2)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(40%EtOAc/石油醚)得到标题化合物(69g,82%),其为浅黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(s,1H),7.66(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.60(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.48-7.33(m,7H),7.22-7.08(m,2H),7.01(s,1H),3.86-3.79(m,2H),3.23-3.09(m,3H),2.86-2.80(m,2H),1.13(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),1.05(s,9H).MS:[M+H]+507.1.
步骤2:(R)-3-((1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)氨基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇
向(R)-N-(1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)-3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-胺(来自步骤1,69g,136.18mmol)在THF(690mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入1M TBAF(272.35mL,272.35mmol)在THF中的溶液。将混合物在25℃搅拌4小时。将反应混合物用水(800mL)稀释并用EtOAc(800mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机层浓缩并将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(50%EtOAc/石油醚)得到标题化合物(29g,79%),其为浅黄色油状物。
步骤3:3-((1R,3R)-1-(4-溴-2,6-二氟苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇
将(R)-3-((1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)氨基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇(来自步骤2,20g,74.54mmol)、乙酸(12.91mL,223.63mmol)和4-溴-2,6-二氟苯甲醛(16.47g,74.54mmol)在甲苯(400mL)中的混合物在90℃搅拌12小时。将反应混合物用水(500mL)稀释并用EtOAc(500mL×2)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(20%EtOAc/石油醚)得到标题化合物(24.8g,71%,反式/顺式=20/1),其为浅黄色固体。MS:[M+H]+470.9.
步骤4:3-((4-((1R,3R)-2-(2,2-二氟-3-羟基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)-3,5-二氟苯基)氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
将3-((1R,3R)-1-(4-溴-2,6-二氟苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇(来自步骤3,24.8g,52.62mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(4.82g,5.26mmol)、Xantphos(6.09g,10.5 2mmol)、Cs2CO3(51.44g,157.86mmol)和3-氨基氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(13.59g,78.93mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(300mL)中的混合物在110℃在氮气气氛下搅拌3小时。将反应混合物冷却至25℃并用水(500mL)稀释,用EtOAc(500mL×2)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(20%石油醚/EtOAc)得到标题化合物(20.5g,69%,反式/顺式=20/1),其为黄色固体.MS:[M+H]+563.0.
步骤5:3-((1R,3R)-1-(4-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基氨基)-2,6-二氟苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇
在冰浴上向3-((4-((1R,3R)-2-(2,2-二氟-3-羟基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)-3,5-二氟苯基)氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(来自步骤4,20.5g,36.44mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(194mL)中的溶液中逐滴加入硫酸(19.42mL,364.38mmol)。将反应混合物在25℃搅拌0.5小时。然后将反应混合物倒入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液溶液(800mL)并用EtOAc(600mL×2)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩得到标题化合物(18g,粗的,反式/顺式=20/1),其为黄色固体.将粗残留物直接用于下一步。MS:[M+H]+463.0.
步骤6:将3-((1R,3R)-1-(4-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基氨基)-2,6-二氟苯基)-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2(9H)-基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇(来自步骤5,18g,38.92mmol)、DIPEA(19.3mL,116.76mmol)和1-氟-3-碘丙烷(7.32g,38.9 2mmol)在DMF(180mL)中的混合物在25℃搅拌12小时。将反应混合物用EtOAc(500mL)稀释并用盐水(500mL×3)洗涤。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(10%MeOH/DCM)得到预期产物(7.1g,85%纯度),其为黄色油状物。将所得的残留物进一步经反相色谱纯化(乙腈40-75/0.05%NH4OH/水)和经手性SFC纯化(AD 250mm*50mm,10um;超临界CO2/EtOH(0.1%NH3H2O)=40/40,200mL/min)得到340(2.85g,14%),其为浅黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.39(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.01-6.93(m,2H),6.11(d,J=12.0Hz,2H),5.16(s,1H),4.52-4.38(m,2H),4.05-4.03(m,1H),3.80-3.74(m,3H),3.63-3.42(m,2H),3.20-3.10(m,1H),2.96-2.92(m,3H),2.82-2.71(m,1H),2.64-2.58(m,3H),1.81-1.68(m,2H),1.14(d,J=6.4Hz,3H);MS:[M+H]+523.2.
实施例365 3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氨基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇365
步骤1:([3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-[2-(5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-胺
将三氟甲磺酸[3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2,2-二氟-丙基]酯(来自实施例286,步骤2,43.22g,89.6mmol)、DIPEA(19.5mL,112.0mmol)和2-(5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基胺(CAS No.:712-08-3,14.7g,74.7mmol)在二噁烷(140mL)中的混合物在90℃搅拌3小时。将混合物冷却至室温,用EtOAc稀释并用水(x 2)和盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,滤过并浓缩。将粗残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化(流动相:DCM)得到标题化合物(32.8g,96%),其为黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.89(s,1H),7.69-7.61(m,4H),7.48-7.34(m,6H),7.26-7.19(m,2H),7.03-7.02(m,1H),6.93(dt,J=2.5,9.0Hz,1H),3.88-3.78(m,2H),3.22-3.03(m,3H),2.84-2.70(m,2H),1.11(d,J=6.2Hz,3H),1.04(s,9H).LCMS:525.3[M+H]+.
步骤2:2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉
向[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-[2-(5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-胺(32.8g,62.5mmol)在甲苯(65mL)中的溶液中加入4-碘-2,6-二氟苯甲醛(20.1g,75.0mmol)和乙酸(7.2mL,125.0mmol)。加入完成时,将反应混合物在90℃搅拌14小时。将混合物冷却至室温,用EtOAc稀释,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(x 3)和盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。将残留物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:甲苯/环己烷,梯度10-50%)得到标题化合物(34.9g,72%),其为灰白色泡沫。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.65-7.60(m,4H),7.46-7.33(m,7H),7.21-7.08(m,4H),6.90-6.84(m,1H),5.27(s,1H),3.99-3.88(m,1H),3.65-3.54(m,2H),3.33-3.20(m,1H),2.93(ddd,J=1.4,4.9,15.2Hz,1H),2.81-2.69(m,1H),2.56-2.51(m,1H),1.14(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),1.05(s,9H).LCMS:775.2[M+H]+.
步骤3:3-(4-{2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基}-3,5-二氟-苯基氨基)-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
将2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-1-(2,6-二氟-4-碘-苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉(30.8g,39.8mmol)、XantPhos(4.60g,7.9mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(3.64g,4.0mmol)、Cs2CO3(25.9g,79.4mmol)和3-氨基氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(10.3g,59.6mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(192mL)中的混合物在115℃在密封容器中在氩气下搅拌1.5小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,将残留的固体经填料滤过除去并将滤液浓缩。将所得的残留物经快速硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:EtOAc/DCM,梯度0-5%)得到标题化合物(27.9g,76%),其为米色泡沫。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.67-7.58(m,4H),7.48-7.32(m,6H),7.15-7.06(m,2H),6.88-6.80(m,1H),5.88-5.80(m,2H),5.15(s,1H),4.26-4.09(m,2H),4.03-3.91(m,2H),3.69-3.50(m,3H),3.26-3.14(m,1H),2.95-2.90(m,1H),2.83-2.70(m,1H),2.50(dd,J=3.3,15.1Hz,1H),1.44(s,9H),1.13(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),1.04(s,9H).LCMS:819.4[M+H]+.
步骤4:氮杂环丁烷-3-基-(4-{2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基}-3,5-二氟-苯基)-胺
在氮气下在室温将浓硫酸(9.1mL,170.2mmol)在二噁烷(100mL)中的预混的冰冷溶液缓慢加入至3-(4-{2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基}-3,5-二氟-苯基氨基)-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(27.9g,34.0mmol)在二噁烷(275mL)中的溶液中。一旦加入完成,将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。加入EtOAc和水并通过加入固体Na2CO3将水相的pH调节为9。分离有机层,用盐水(x3)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过并真空浓缩得到标题化合物((R,R)&(S,S)非对映异构体混合物),其为淡橙色泡沫(26.6g,~定量)。LCMS:719.4[M+H]+.
步骤5:(4-{2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基}-3,5-二氟-苯基)-[1-(3-氟-丙基)-氮杂环丁烷-3-基]-胺
标题化合物由氮杂环丁烷-3-基-(4-{2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基}-3,5-二氟-苯基)-胺(26.6g,34.0mmol)和1-碘-3-氟丙烷(9.60g,51.1mmol;CAS No.:462-40-8)按照针对制备实施例101阐述的操作制备。将粗产物纯化并经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇,梯度0%至5%)得到标题化合物,其为淡棕色泡沫(14.9g,56%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.69-7.56(m,4H),7.50(s,1H),7.47-7.30(m,6H),7.16-7.01(m,2H),6.87-6.81(m,1H),5.92-5.78(m,2H),5.14(s,1H),4.54(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.42(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.18(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.06-3.86(m,2H),3.74-3.47(m,4H),3.30-3.10(m,1H),3.00–2.70(m,3H),2.56(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.53–2.45(m,1H),1.85–1.50(m,3H),1.12(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),1.04(s,9H).LCMS:779.4[M+H]+.
步骤6:3-(1-{2,6-二氟-4-[1-(3-氟-丙基)-氮杂环丁烷-3-基氨基]-苯基}-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-β-咔啉-2-基)-2,2-二氟-丙-1-醇
在氩气下向(4-{2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2,2-二氟-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基}-3,5-二氟-苯基)-[1-(3-氟-丙基)-氮杂环丁烷-3-基]-胺(12.1g,15.5mmol)在THF(150mL)中的混合物中加入1M TBAF在THF中的溶液(23.3mL),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌5小时。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释并用水(x 4)洗涤。将有机层经硫酸钠干燥,滤过,并真空浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:2M氨水/甲醇/TBME,梯度0.5%至5%)得到(R,R)和(S,S)3-(1-{2,6-二氟-4-[1-(3-氟-丙基)-氮杂环丁烷-3-基氨基]-苯基}-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-β-咔啉-2-基)-2,2-二氟-丙-1-醇的混合物。将非对映异构体对经手性HPLC分离(ChiralPak IB,15%EtOH/庚烷+0.1%二乙胺)。365为经手性HPLC分离的第二个峰:(1.90g,23%)。峰2rt=15min.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.46(s,1H),7.16-7.08(m,2H),6.86(dt,J=2.5,9.0Hz,1H),6.08-6.00(m,2H),5.09(s,1H),4.54(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.43(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.38(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.07-3.97(m,1H),3.80-3.56(m,6H),3.28-3.16(m,1H),3.11-3.02(m,1H),2.97-2.82(m,3H),2.64-2.55(m,3H),1.82-1.67(m,2H),1.16(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).LCMS:541.4[M+H]+.
实施例366 3-((1S,3S)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氨基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2,2-二氟丙-1-醇366
按照实施例365的操作,经手性HPLC分离的第一给峰为366:(1.95g,24%).峰1rt=12min.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.46(s,1H),7.16-7.08(m,2H),6.86(dt,J=2.5,9.0Hz,1H),6.08-6.00(m,2H),5.09(s,1H),4.54(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.43(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.38(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.07-3.97(m,1H),3.80-3.56(m,6H),3.28-3.16(m,1H),3.11-3.02(m,1H),2.97-2.82(m,3H),2.64-2.55(m,3H),1.82-1.67(m,2H),1.16(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).LCMS:541.4[M+H]+.
实施例368 3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇368
步骤1:[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-[2-(5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-胺
在氩气下向2-(5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基胺(CAS No.:712-08-3,3.61g,18.7mmol)和DIPEA(4.9mL,28.1mmol)在二噁烷(43mL)中的溶液中加入三氟-甲磺酸3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙酯,中间体XX(3.09g,9.48mmol)。将所得的混合物在90℃搅拌6h。将反应混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。分离有机相并进一步用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过并真空浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇,梯度0%至5%)得到标题化合物的非对映异构体的混合物,其为黄色油状物(8.0g,82%).1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.82(br.s,1H),7.68–7.63(m,4H),7.52–7.38(m,6H),7.25–7.18(m,2H),7.02–6.98(m,1H),6.92(dt,J=2.4,9.1Hz,1H),3.82-3.57(m,5H),3.02–2.65(m,6H),1.33(d,J=22.0Hz,3H),1.1–1.0(m,9H);LCMS:521.3[M+H]+.
步骤2:3-(4-{2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基}-3,5-二氟-苯氧基)-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
标题化合物由[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-[2-(5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-甲基-乙基]-胺,中间体1a(8g,15.3mmol)和3-(3,5-二氟-4-甲酰基-苯氧基)-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯101c(5.6g,18.1mmol)按照针对制备中间体101e阐述的操作制备。将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度0%至20%)得到标题化合物的非对映异构体的混合物,其为白色泡沫(8.0g,64%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.65-7.54(m,4H),7.47-7.30(m,7H),7.17-7.08(m,2H),6.84(dt,J=2.4,9.0Hz,1H),6.23–6.07(m,2H),5.16(s,1H),4.71-4.63(m,1H),4.29-4.18(m,2H),3.99-3.88(m,2H),3.79(dd,J=11.5,16.8Hz,1H),3.64-3.54(m,1H),3.50-3.29(m,1H),3.10–2.83(m,2H),2.69-2.39(m,2H),1.54(s,3H),1.46-1.40(m,9H),1.29–0.98(m,12H);LCMS:816.5[M+H]+.
步骤3:1-[4-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基氧基)-2,6-二氟-苯基]-2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉
在氩气下在0℃向3-(4-{2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉-1-基}-3,5-二氟-苯氧基)-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯,中间体2a(8.0g,9.80mmol)在二噁烷(80mL)中的混合物中逐滴加入浓硫酸(2.62mL,49.0mmol)在二噁烷(27mL)中的溶液并将避光的混合物温热至RT并搅拌3.5h。将反应混合物用EtOAc和饱和NaHCO3稀释,搅拌10min并分离各层。将有机层进一步用饱和NaHCO3、盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过,并真空浓缩得到标题化合物的非对映异构体的混合物,其为淡黄色泡沫(7.05g,~当量)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.66-7.54(m,4H),7.47-7.30(m,7H),7.17-7.06(m,2H),6.84(dt,J=2.4,9.0Hz,1H),6.25–6.09(m,2H),5.16(s,1H),4.86-4.76(m,1H),3.94-3.65(m,3H),3.63-3.54(m,1H),3.49-3.24(m,1H),3.11–2.83(m,2H),2.69-2.39(m,2H),1.54(s,3H),1.27-1.12(m,3H),1.11–0.98(m,12H);LCMS:716.4[M+H]+.
步骤4:2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-1-{2,6-二氟-4-[1-(3-氟-丙基)-氮杂环丁烷-3-基氧基]-苯基}-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉
标题化合物由1-[4-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基氧基)-2,6-二氟-苯基]-2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉,中间体3a(7.05g,9.84mmol)和1-碘-3-氟丙烷(2.77g,14.7mmol;CAS No.:462-40-8)按照针对制备实施例101阐述的操作制备。将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇,梯度0%至3%)得到标题化合物,其为白色泡沫(5.7g,75%).LCMS:776.4[M+H]+.
步骤5:外消旋3-(1-{2,6-二氟-4-[1-(3-氟-丙基)-氮杂环丁烷-3-基氧基]-苯基}-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-β-咔啉-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙-1-醇
在氩气下向2-[3-(叔丁基-二苯基-甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-1-{2,6-二氟-4-[1-(3-氟-丙基)-氮杂环丁烷-3-基氧基]-苯基}-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-β-咔啉中间体4a(5.17g,6.66mmol)在THF(80mL)中的混合物中加入1M TBAF在THF中的溶液(10mL)并将反应混合物在RT搅拌24h。将反应混合物倒入至水和盐水的混合物中,并用EtOAc萃取。将水层进一步用EtOAc萃取并将合并的有机层进一步用水和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,滤过,并真空浓缩。将粗产物经硅胶色谱纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇,梯度0%至6%)得到两对非对映异构体(非对映异构体1和非对映异构体2)。将非对映异构体1的对进一步经手性HPLC纯化(ChiralPak IC,25%IPA/庚烷0.1%二乙胺)。分离的第一个峰(rt=8.2mins)=分离的368,其为白色固体(467mg,13%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.32(br s.,1H),7.17-7.09(m,2H),6.89-6.83(m,1H),6.38-6.33(m,2H),5.03(s,1H),4.76-4.69(m,1H),4.55(t,1H,J=5.9Hz),4.47-4.41(m,2H),4.00(t,1H,J=4.9Hz),3.83-3.76(m,2H),3.60(q,1H,J=10.3Hz),3.46-3.34(m,1H),3.23-3.09(m,4H),2.67-2.57(m,4H),1.84-1.69(m,2H),1.14-1.08(m,6H);LCMS:538.3[M+H]+.
实施例369 3-((1S,3S)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇369
按照实施例368的操作,经手性HPLC分离的第二个峰(rt=15.5mins)=分离的369,其为白色固体(480mg,13.5%).
实施例370 3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇370
按照实施例368的操作,将非对映异构体2的对经手性HPLC分离(ChiralPak IC,35%IPA/庚烷0.1%二乙胺)。将分离的第一个峰进一步经手性HPLC纯化(ChiralPak IA,25%IPA/庚烷0.1%二乙胺):分离的第一个峰(rt=8.5mins)=分离的370,其为白色固体(165mg,5%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.53(br.s,1H),7.16-7.12(m,2H),6.90-6.84(m,1H),6.33-6.28(m,2H),5.35(s,1H),4.76-4.68(m,1H),4.55(t,1H,J=5.9Hz),4.45-4.41(m,1H),3.85-3.54(m,6H),3.16-2.92(m,4H),2.79(t,1H,J=15.7Hz),2.68-2.56(m,3H),1.77(tdd,J=6.7,19.3,19.3Hz,2H),1.23-1.15(m,6H);LCMS:538.3[M+H]+.
实施例371 3-((1S,3S)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇371
按照实施例368的操作,将非对映异构体2的对经手性HPLC分离(ChiralPak IC,35%IPA/庚烷0.1%二乙胺)。分离的第二个峰(rt=14mins)=分离的371,其为白色固体(180mg,5%).
表2a中进一步示例性式I化合物具有以下结构、相应的命名(ChemBioDraw,Version 12.0.2,CambridgeSoft Corp.,Cambridge MA)和生物活性。当多于一个命名涉及式I化合物或中间体时,化学结构应限定该化合物。
表2a
实施例431(R)-3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氨基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇431
步骤1:3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2-氟-N-(1-(5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-基)-2-甲基丙-1-胺
向冰浴冷却的1-(5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-2-胺(5.30g,26.2mmol,95%,按照Yeung,et al,J.Med.Chem.2010,53,5155-5164制备)在1,4-二噁烷(105mL)中的溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(6.85mL),随后加入三氟甲磺酸[3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]酯(13.80g,28.8mmol)在二噁烷(10mL)中的溶液(按照实施例154,步骤5)。将混合物在90℃(浴)加热18h。将混合物浓缩。加入稀Na2CO3。将内容物用DCM(2x)萃取。将合并的萃取物干燥(Na2SO4)并浓缩。将粗物质用快速色谱纯化(0-50%iPrOAc/庚烷与1%TEA)得到产物(10.38g,76%).
步骤2-5:N-(4-(2-(3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-6-氟-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)-3,5-二氟苯基)-1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺
化合物以与实施例145相似的方式制备。
步骤6:外消旋3-(1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氨基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇
向N-[4-[(1R,3R)-2-[3-[叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基]氧基-2-氟-2-甲基-丙基]-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基]-3,5-二氟-苯基]-1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺(2.231g,2.879mmol)在THF(14.4mL)中的溶液中加入TBAF/THF(1.0M,4.6mL)。将混合物在50℃加热24h。将混合物浓缩。用iPrOAc稀释,将内容物用稀Na2CO3(2x)和盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)并浓缩。将粗物质用快速色谱纯化(0-60%B/A,A:DCM,B:20%2MNH3/MeOH/DCM)。将收集的产物进行手性分离。表2中的化合物431-434的立体化学是未知且任意的。
阶段1:分离对映异构体1和4。对映异构体2和3保留在混合物中。Chiralpak AD(250x 30.0,5um),32.5%等度0.1%NH4OH/异丙醇,150g/min.,UV-254nm,BPR 100bar,温度40℃,循环时间5min,总体时间200min。阶段2:对映异构体2和3的拆分。Chiralpak OX(150x 30.0,5um),30%等度0.1%NH4OH/甲醇,150g/min,UV-250nm,BPR 100bar,温度40℃,循环时间3min,总体时间48min。化合物431-434如下表征。对映异构体1:324.8mg.1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.59(s,1H),7.19–7.08(m,2H),6.85–6.75(m,1H),6.68(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),6.17–6.06(m,2H),5.01(s,1H),4.81(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.51(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.39(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.33(d,J=4.2Hz,0H),3.99–3.87(m,1H),3.82–3.72(m,0H),3.67–3.56(m,2H),3.55–3.40(m,2H),3.19–3.05(m,1H),2.95–2.68(m,4H),1.74–1.56(m,2H),1.14–0.99(m,6H).LCMS:537.3[M+H]+。对映异构体2:251.7mg.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.59(s,1H),7.20–7.07(m,2H),6.86–6.75(m,1H),6.68(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.11(d,J=12.1Hz,2H),5.01(s,1H),4.81(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.51(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.39(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.00–3.87(m,1H),3.68–3.57(m,2H),3.55–3.41(m,2H),3.20–3.06(m,1H),2.95–2.69(m,4H),1.73–1.56(m,2H),1.17–0.96(m,6H).LCMS:537.3[M+H]+。对映异构体3:105.5mg.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.55(s,1H),7.17–7.08(m,2H),6.84–6.75(m,1H),6.67(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.14–6.05(m,2H),4.98(s,1H),4.84(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.51(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.39(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.99–3.87(m,1H),3.67–3.57(m,2H),3.57–3.47(m,1H),2.92–2.79(m,2H),2.77–2.69(m,2H),1.73–1.56(m,2H),1.13–0.96(m,6H).LCMS:537.3[M+H]+。对映异构体4:151.1mg.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.55(s,1H),7.18–7.07(m,2H),6.84–6.75(m,1H),6.67(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.10(d,J=12.1Hz,2H),4.97(s,1H),4.84(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.51(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.39(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),3.98–3.89(m,1H),3.66–3.58(m,2H),3.57–3.48(m,1H),2.93–2.79(m,2H),2.79–2.69(m,2H),1.74–1.57(m,2H),1.12–0.96(m,6H).LCMS:537.3[M+H]+.
实施例432(S)-3-((1S,3S)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氨基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇432
按照实施例431的操作,分离对映异构体432。
实施例433(S)-3-((1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氨基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇433
按照实施例431的操作,分离对映异构体433。
实施例434(R)-3-((1R,3S)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氨基)苯基)-6-氟-3-甲基-1,3,4,9-四氢-2H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-2-基)-2-氟-2-甲基丙-1-醇434
按照实施例431的操作,分离对映异构体434。
实施例901:乳腺癌细胞ERa高含量荧光成像降解测定
在第1天将MCF7乳腺癌细胞以10,000个细胞/孔的密度在50ul/孔的含有L-谷氨酰胺的RPMI(无酚红)、10%FBS(活性炭处理)中接种于384孔聚赖氨酸涂覆的组织培养板(Greiner#T-3101-4)中。在第2天,将化合物以2个化合物源浓度在Labcyte低死体积板(lowdead volume plate)中以10ul/孔制备:100uM和1uM(最终得到2个重叠的滴定曲线),且在指定孔中的10ul DMSO用于回填(backfill),以及在指定孔中的5uM氟维司群(对照化合物)。使用Labcyte Echo声音分配器分配化合物和对照,从而分配具有预定连续稀释(1.8x,10个点,一式两份)的化合物和适当的回填和对照化合物(转移的最终总体积为417.5nl且化合物分配体积范围为2.5nl至417.5nl;0.84%DMSO(v/v)最终),最终产生0.05nM至835nM的浓度范围。将细胞板在37℃孵育4小时。如下使用Biotek EL406板洗涤器和分配器进行固定和透化。通过使用Biotek EL406上的振动泵5ul盒将15ul 16%多聚甲醛(ElectronMicroscopy Sciences#15710-S)直接加入至每孔50ul细胞培养基中来固定细胞(甲醛的最终浓度为3.7%w/v)。将样品孵育30分钟。吸出孔内容物并将50ul/孔的含有0.5%w/v牛血清白蛋白、0.5%v/v Triton X-100(抗体稀释缓冲液)的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)加入至每孔中。将样品孵育30分钟。吸出孔内容物并用100ul/孔的PBS洗涤3次。如下使用Biotek EL406板洗涤器和分配器进行雌激素受体α(ESR1)的免疫荧光染色。由孔吸出孔上清液并且分配在抗体稀释缓冲液中以1:1000稀释的25ul/孔的抗-ESR1 mAb(F10)(Santa Cruz sc-8002)。将样品在室温孵育2小时。将样品用100ul/孔的PBS洗涤4次。将以1:1000稀释的25ul/孔的二抗溶液(Alexafluor 488缀合物抗-小鼠IgG(LifeTechnologies#A21202)和稀释于抗体稀释缓冲液中的Hoechst 333421ug/ml分配于各孔中。将样品在室温孵育2小时。使用Biotek EL406将样品用100ul/孔的PBS洗涤3次。使用Cellomics Arrayscan V(Thermo)进行ESR1的定量荧光成像。使用Cellomics VTI Arrayscan使用Bioapplication“隔室分析”(其使用针对两通道设置为25%靶标饱和度的自动-暴露(基于DMSO对照孔)设置“峰值靶标百分位数”)获取样品的荧光成像(通道1:XF53 Hoechst(DNA染色);通道2:XF53 FITC(ESR1染色))。通道1(DNA染色)用于确定核区(Circ)。对“Mean_CircAvgIntCh2”(其为核区内的Alexafluor 488荧光强度(ESR1))的测量基于每个细胞进行测量并且对所有测量的细胞取平均值。使用Genedata Screener软件进行数据分析,其中用DMSO和5nM氟维司群处理的样品用于确定ESR1的0%和100%变化。“Robust Fit”方法用于确定曲线的扩张点(EC50)和最大平台效应(Sinf)。针对示例性式I化合物的降解数据报道为表1中的ER-αMCF7 HCS Sinf(%)值。
实施例902体外细胞增殖测定
雌激素受体调节剂化合物和化学治疗化合物的功效通过采用以下方案进行细胞增殖测定来测量(Mendoza et al(2002)Cancer Res.62:5485-5488)。
发光细胞存活力测定是一种基于对存在的ATP定量而用于确定培养物中存活细胞数量的均相方法,这表示代谢活性细胞的存在。测定设计用于多孔板格式,使其对于自动化高通量筛选(HTS)、细胞增殖和细胞毒性测定而言是理想的。均相测定操作涉及将单一试剂(试剂)直接添加至在补充有血清的培养基中培养的细胞中。不需要细胞清洗、去除培养基或多个移液步骤。Cell 发光细胞存活力测定包括试剂和方案是可商购得到的(Promega Corp.,Madison,WI,TechnicalBulletin TB288)。
该测定评估化合物进入细胞和抑制细胞增殖的能力。测定原理基于通过定量存在于均相测定中的ATP来确定存在的存活细胞的数目,其中添加Cell 试剂导致细胞裂解并通过荧光素酶反应产生发光信号。发光信号与存在的ATP的量成比例。
操作:第1天-接种细胞板(来自Falcon#353962的384孔黑色、透明底部、微透明、有盖TC板),收获细胞,以1000个细胞/54μl/孔接种细胞至384孔细胞板中以用于3天测定。细胞培养基:RPMI或DMEM高葡萄糖、10%胎牛血清、2mM L-谷氨酰胺,P/S。在37℃,5%CO2孵育O/N(过夜)。
第2天-向细胞添加药物,化合物稀释,DMSO板(连续稀释1:2,9个点)。在96孔板的第二列加入20μl 10mM的化合物。使用来自Nunc(cat.#249946)的Precision Media Plates96孔圆底聚丙烯板,跨板(10μl+20μl 100%DMSO)进行连续稀释1:2共9个点(1:50稀释)。向所有孔中添加147μl培养基。使用(Caliper,a Perkin-Elmer Co.)将DMSO板中每个孔的3μl DMSO+化合物转移至培养基板上每个相应的孔中。对于2种药物组合研究,使用Rapidplate将DMSO板中每个孔的一种药物1.5μl DMSO+化合物转移至培养基板上每个相应的孔中。然后,转移另一种药物1.5μl至培养基板。
添加药物至细胞,细胞板(1:10稀释):直接添加6μl培养基+化合物至细胞(在细胞上已经有54μl培养基)。在不会经常打开的培养箱中在37℃,5%CO2孵育3天。
第5天-铺板,在室温解冻Cell Titer Glo缓冲液:从37℃移去细胞板并平衡至室温约30分钟。添加Cell 缓冲液至Cell 底物(瓶到瓶)。向每个孔的细胞中添加30μl Cell Reagent(Promega cat.#G7572)。在板振荡器上放置约30分钟。在Analyst HT板阅读器上读取发光(每孔半秒)。
细胞存活力测定和组合测定:历经16小时将细胞以1000-2000个细胞/孔接种在384孔板中。在第二天,在96孔板中在DMSO中制备9个连续稀释的1:2化合物稀释液。使用自动化设备(Zymark Corp.,Hopkinton,MA)将化合物进一步稀释至生长培养基中。然后将稀释的化合物一式四份添加至384孔细胞板的孔中,并在37℃和5%CO2下孵育。4天后,根据制造商的说明书使用Cell (Promega)通过发光测量存活细胞的相对数目,并在Wallac Multilabel (PerkinElmer,Foster City)上读取。使用4.0software(GraphPad,San Diego)计算EC50值。组合测定中的药物以4X EC50浓度开始给药。如果在药物的EC50>2.5μM的情况下,使用的最高浓度为10μM。在所有测定中同时添加或分隔4小时添加(一个接一个)雌激素受体调节剂化合物和化学治疗剂。
另外的示例性体外细胞增殖测定包括以下步骤:
1.将培养基中含有约104个细胞(对于细胞系和肿瘤类型参见表3)的100μl细胞培养物的等分试样沉积在384孔不透明壁板的每个孔中。
2.准备含有培养基和无细胞的对照孔。
3.将化合物添加至实验孔中并孵育3-5天。
4.将板平衡至室温约30分钟。
6.将内容物在定轨振荡器上混合2分钟以诱导细胞裂解。
7.将板在室温孵育10分钟以稳定发光信号。
8.记录发光并在图中报告为RLU=相对发光单位。
可选择地,将细胞以最佳密度接种在96孔板中并在测试化合物存在的情况下孵育4天。随后将Alamar BlueTM添加至测定培养基中,并将细胞孵育6小时,然后在544nm激发、590nm发射读取。使用S形剂量响应曲线拟合计算EC50值。
可选择地,使用Cell 试剂(Promega Inc.,Madison,WI)在药物治疗48小时后分析增殖/存活力。在所有存活力测定中DMSO处理用作对照。使用XL拟合软件(IDBS,Alameda,CA)计算IC50值。
细胞系获自ATCC(American Type Culture Collection,Manassas,VA)或DSMZ(Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH,Braunschweig,DE)。将细胞在补充有10%胎牛血清、100单位/ml青霉素、2mM L-谷氨酰胺和100mg/ml链霉素(Life Technology,Grand Island,NY)的RPMI 1640培养基中在37℃在5%CO2培养。
实施例903 MCF7体外细胞增殖测定
用PBS洗涤MCF7细胞,以25,000个细胞/毫升,40微升/孔涂布于聚赖氨酸涂布的384孔组织培养板(Greiner)中的RPMI 1640(Gibco 11835-030[-苯酚+谷氨酰胺])及10%经活性炭处理的FBS(Gibco 12676-029)中且孵育过夜。通过使用Biomek-FX用DMSO连续稀释制备最终所要浓度500倍的化合物且用RPMI 1640稀释50倍。也以类似方式制备对照化合物氟维司群及阴性对照二甲亚砜。将5ul各个化合物浓度及各对照化合物转移至该细胞板。将氟维司群以100nM的最终浓度添加至对照孔中。将DMSO添加至阴性对照孔中(0.2v/v%)。将五微升(5μl)1nM雌二醇(于无酚红RPMI 1640(Gibco11835-030)中)添加至细胞板的各孔中(除无雌二醇对照孔外)。孵育细胞72小时,随后使用Cell TiterGlo试剂(Promega#G7572)(40微升/孔)溶解,且在Envision(Perkin Elmer)板读取器上测量发光。使用Genedata Screener软件分析数据,其中使用DMSO及氟维司群处理样品来定义0%及100%抑制,且使用曲线拟合使用Robust法计算EC50值。
实施例904 ERa辅激活因子肽拮抗剂测定
用DMSO制备1mM的测试化合物,且使用Biomek FX于12点1至3倍滴定中于384孔透明V形底聚丙烯板(Greiner目录号781280)中连续稀释。通过将1mL各浓度的化合物连续稀释液与32.3mL TR-FRET共调节剂缓冲剂E(Life Technologies PV4540)混合制备3×化合物中间物稀释液。使用Biomek FX将2mL 3×化合物中间物稀释液转移至1536孔(AuroraBiotechnologies MaKO 1536黑色板,#00028905)中。使用Bioraptr (BeckmanCoulter)分配:2毫升/孔“3×ERa溶液”:22nM ERa(人类雌激素受体α,经GST标记的ESR1配体结合域,跨越残基S282-V595,野生型序列或含有突变:Y537S或D538G)于含有7.5mM二硫苏糖醇(DTT)的TR-FRET共调节剂缓冲剂E中的溶液;及2mL 3×测定混合物(750nM萤光素-PGC1a肽序列;Life Technologies PV4421),12nM雌二醇,15nM抗GST Tb标记抗体于TR-FRET共调节剂缓冲剂E(含有7.5mM DTT)中的溶液。“无受体”对照孔接受缓冲剂,其中无GST-ERa蛋白质。将培养板在V-spin离心机中在1800rpm离心20秒且在室温在盖上培养板的情况下孵育2小时。使用Perkin Elmer EnVision萤光读取器使用TR-FRET装置(顶镜:Perkin Elmer Lance/DELFIA双重发射(PE#2100-4160);激发滤光片:Perkin Elmer UV(TFR)340nm(PE#2100-5010);发射滤光片:Chroma 495nm/10nm及520nm/25nm(对于LanthaScreen,为Chroma#PV003滤光片,对于EnVision,25mm直径;)激发光:100%;延迟:100us;窗口时间:200;连续窗数目:1;闪光之间的时间:2000us;闪光数目:100;闪光数目(第2检测器):100)进行测量。相对于无化合物(仅DMSO)对照及“无ERa对照”计算抑制值百分比。使用Genedata Screener软件进行曲线拟合及IC50计算。
实施例905体内小鼠肿瘤异种移植物功效
小鼠:雌性严重联合免疫缺陷小鼠(Fox Chase C.B-17/IcrHsd,Harlan)或裸鼠(Taconic Farms,Harlan)为8至9周龄,在研究的第0天的BW范围为15.1至21.4克。对动物随意饲喂水(反渗透,1ppm Cl)以及由18.0%粗蛋白、5.0%粗脂肪和5.0%粗纤维组成的NIH 31改良和辐照实验室饮食(Modified and Irradiated Lab )。将小鼠安置在21-22℃(70-72°F)和40-60%湿度、以12小时光照循环的静态微隔离器(staticmicroisolator)中经辐照的实验室动物垫料(LaboratoryAnimal Bedding)上。PRC特别遵守“实验动物护理和使用指南(Guide for Care and Useof Laboratory Animals)”关于约束、饲养、手术操作、饲料和流体调节以及兽医护理的建议。PRC的动物护理和使用计划由实验动物护理国际评估和认证协会(the Associationfor Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International)(AAALAC)认证,确保遵守关于实验动物护理和使用的公认标准。
肿瘤植入:用癌细胞启动异种移植。将细胞在补充有10%胎牛血清、2mM谷氨酰胺、100单位/mL青霉素、100μg/mL硫酸链霉素和25μg/mL庆大霉素的RPMI 1640培养基中培养。在指数生长期间收集细胞,并根据细胞系的倍增时间以5x 106或10x 106个细胞/mL的浓度重新混悬于磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中。将肿瘤细胞皮下植入右肋腹,并且当平均大小接近100至150mm3的目标范围时监测肿瘤生长。在肿瘤植入后21天(指定为研究的第0天),将小鼠置于四组中,每组由10只小鼠组成,所述小鼠具有75-172mm3的单个肿瘤体积和120-121mm3的组平均肿瘤体积(参见附录A)。使用下式计算体积:
肿瘤体积(mm3)=(w2 x l)/2,其中w=肿瘤的宽度且l=肿瘤的长度(以mm为单位)。假设1mg等于1mm3的肿瘤体积,可估计肿瘤重量。
治疗剂:雌激素受体调节剂化合物和化学治疗剂通常由干粉制备,在室温储存,并且免受光照。在去离子水(“媒介物”)中的0.5%甲基纤维素:0.2%吐温80中每周制备药物剂量并在4℃储存。媒介物(+)为具有0.1mg/kg的乙炔基雌二醇(乙炔雌二醇,EE2)的溶剂/缓冲剂。媒介物(-)为不具有乙炔雌二醇的溶剂/缓冲剂。在给药的每一天通过用无菌盐水(0.9%NaCl)稀释储备液的等分试样来制备化合物的剂量。配制所有剂量以每20克体重0.2mL的体积(10mL/kg)递送所述mg/kg剂量。
治疗:将所有剂量按比例调整至单个动物的体重并通过所示的途径提供。
终末点:以2维(长度和宽度)使用Ultra Cal IV卡尺(Model 54 10 111;FredV.Fowler Company)如下测量肿瘤体积:肿瘤体积(mm3)=(长度x宽度2)×0.5并使用Excelversion 11.2(Microsoft Corporation)进行分析。使用线性混合效应(LME)建模方法分析来自同一动物的肿瘤体积随时间的重复测量(Pinheiro J,et al.nlme:linear andnonlinear mixed effects models.R package version 3.192.2009;Tan N,etal.Clin.Cancer Res.2011;17(6):1394–1404)。该方法解决了由于在研究结束之前动物的任何非治疗相关的死亡所导致的重复测量和适度退出(dropout)。使用三次回归样条(cubic regression spline)在每个剂量水平将非线性分布拟合为log2肿瘤体积的时程。然后,这些非线性分布与混合模型内的剂量相关。使用下式将作为媒介物对照的百分比的肿瘤生长抑制(%TGI)计算为针对相应剂量组/天相对于媒介物的拟合曲线下面积(AUC)的百分比:%TGI=100×(1-AUCdose/AUCveh)。使用该式,TGI值为100%表示肿瘤停滞,TGI值>1%但<100%表示肿瘤生长延迟,且TGI值>100%表示肿瘤消退。将动物的部分响应(PR)定义为肿瘤消退>50%的起始肿瘤体积但<100%的起始肿瘤体积。将完全响应(CR)定义为在研究过程的任一天100%肿瘤消退(即,无可测量的肿瘤)。
毒性:在研究的前五天每天称重动物,然后每周两次称重。使用Adventurer AV812量表(Ohaus Corporation)测量动物体重。重量变化百分比计算如下:体重变化(%)=[(重量新的一天-重量第0天)/重量第0天]×100。频繁观察小鼠并在观察时记录任何不良的、治疗相关的副作用的明显体征和临床毒性体征。将可接受的毒性定义为在研究期间小于20%的组平均体重(BW)减轻,并且在10只治疗的动物中有不超过一只治疗相关的(TR)死亡。导致更大毒性的任何给药方案被认为高于最大耐受剂量(MTD)。若可归因于由临床体征和/或尸体剖检所证明的治疗副作用,则将死亡归类为TR,或者若归因于给药期期间或最后一次给药的10天内的未知原因,则也可将死亡归类为TR。若没有证据表明死亡与治疗副作用相关,则将死亡归类为NTR。
体内异种移植物乳腺癌模型;(MCF-7;他莫昔芬-敏感性):将含有0.72mg 17-β雌二醇的延时释放丸粒皮下植入nu/nu小鼠中。使MCF-7细胞在5%CO2、37℃含有10%FBS的RPMI中生长。将胰蛋白酶化细胞粒化且以1×107个细胞/毫升再悬浮于50%RPMI(不含血清)及50%基质胶中。在丸粒移植后2-3天将MCF-7细胞皮下注射(100微升/动物)于右侧腹。每两周监测肿瘤体积(长度×宽度2/2)。当肿瘤达到约200mm3的平均体积时,将动物随机分组且开始处理。每天用媒介物或化合物处理动物历时4周。在整个研究中每两周监测肿瘤体积及体重。
体内异种移植物乳腺癌模型;(他莫昔芬-抵抗性模型):用经口管饲他莫昔芬(柠檬酸盐)处理带有MCF-7肿瘤(平均肿瘤体积200mm3)的雌性nu/nu小鼠(补充有17-β雌二醇丸粒;0.72mg;60天缓慢释放)。每周两次监测肿瘤体积(长度×宽度2/2)及体重。在肿瘤体积保持静态的显著抗肿瘤反应之后,在处理约100天首次观察到明显肿瘤生长。在处理的120天,将他莫昔芬剂量增加。认为快速生长的肿瘤具有他莫昔芬耐受性且选用于在新宿主动物中进行体内传代。将来自他莫昔芬耐受性肿瘤的肿瘤片段(约100立方毫米/动物)皮下植入雌性nu/nu小鼠的右侧腹(具有17-β雌二醇丸粒(0.72mg;60天缓慢释放))。将传代的肿瘤维持在恒定他莫昔芬选择下,且每周监测肿瘤体积(长度×宽度2/2)。在肿瘤体积达到约150-250mm3时,将动物随机分于处理组(平均肿瘤体积200mm3)中且终止他莫昔芬处理。每天用媒介物或化合物处理动物历时4周。在研究期间,每周两次监测肿瘤体积及体重。
实施例906不成熟子宫湿重测定
处理雌性不成熟CD-IGS大鼠(到达时21天龄)三天。每天对动物给药历时三天。对于拮抗模式,经口通过管饲法给予媒介物或测试化合物,15分钟后给予0.1mg/kg经口剂量的乙炔基雌二醇。对于激动模式,经口通过管饲法给予媒介物或测试化合物。在第四天,在给药之后24小时,收集血浆以进行药物动力学分析。在血浆收集后即刻将动物安乐死且移出子宫并称重。
将来自每组2只动物的子宫及卵巢固定于10%中性经缓冲福尔马林(formalin)中,且石蜡包埋,切片且染色以用于H&E(SDPath)。分析经染色组织且由委员会鉴定的病理学家读取。将来自每组4只动物的子宫及卵巢快速冷冻于液氮中进行转录分析,检查通过雌激素受体调节的所选组的基因。
用式I化合物(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-((1-(3-氟丙基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基)苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚101和(1R,3R)-1-(2,6-二氟-4-(2-(3-(氟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚102、他莫昔芬、氟维司群、AZD9496(WO2014/191726,实施例1,第74页;US 9155727)和两种对照,即媒介物以及媒介物+乙炔基雌二醇(EE)处理小鼠。所有化合物经口给与,一天一次×3。计算子宫湿重(UWW):体重的比率。通过组织学测量子宫横截面的平均子宫内膜高度。使用滑动检视器由基底膜至顶端(内腔)表面以20×放大倍数测量子宫内膜细胞高度。避免斜切区域。在激动模式UWW测定中,式I化合物101及102为拮抗剂,而AZD9496为部分激动剂。
实施例907成熟子宫湿重-10天测定
购买雌性CD-IGS大鼠(69日龄,Charles River Laboratories)且分组。第1组在供应商(Charles River Laboratories)处在60日龄时切除卵巢且在手术之后2周开始研究,而第2-8组完整。经口给予媒介物或测试化合物10天。在第10天及最后一剂之后两小时,进行心脏穿刺且收集血清以进行药物动力学及雌二醇分析。在血清收集之后立即将动物安乐死且移出子宫及卵巢并称重。
尽管为了清楚理解的目的通过说明和实施例的方式相当详细地描述了前述发明,但是描述和实施例不应被解释为限制本发明的范围。通过引用的方式将本申请引用的所有专利和科学文献的公开内容明确地整体并入本申请。
Claims (38)
1.选自式I的化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体或药用盐:
其中:
Y1为CRb或N;
Y2为-(CH2)-;
Y3为NRa或C(Rb)2;
其中Y1或Y3中的一个为N或NRa;
Ra独立为H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C8烯基、炔丙基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6杂环基,所述基团任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、OH、OCH3或SO2CH3;
Rb独立为H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C8烯基、炔丙基、-(C1-C6烷二基)-(C3-C6环烷基)、C3-C6环烷基和C3-C6杂环基,所述基团任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CH2F、OH、OCH3或SO2CH3;
Rc独立为H、C1-C6烷基、烯丙基、炔丙基,所述基团任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、OH、OCH3或SO2CH3;
Z1为键;
Cy为C6-C20芳二基或5至6元杂芳二基;
Z2为O或O-(C1-C6烷二基);
R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立为H、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮基团、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮基团或吗啉代;
R5为C1-C9烷基,其任选取代有一个或多个卤素、CN、ORa、N(Ra)2、C1-C9烷基、C3-C9环烷基、C3-C9杂环基团、C6-C9芳基、C6-C9杂芳基、C(O)Rb、C(O)NRa、SO2Ra或SO2NRa;
R6为F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CH2F、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮基团、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮基团或吗啉代;且
m为0、1、2、3或4;
其中所述烷二基、氟烷二基、芳二基、碳环二基、杂环二基和杂芳二基任选取代有一个或多个独立选自以下的基团:F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CH2F、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、环丁基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮基团、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮基团和吗啉代。
3.根据权利要求2所述的化合物,具有式Ib:
其中R7为F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OH、-CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OH、-C(CH3)2OH、-CH(OH)CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CH2OH、-CH2CH2SO2CH3、-CH2OP(O)(OH)2、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CH2NH2、-CH2NHSO2CH3、-CH2NHCH3、-CH2N(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CH2CHF2、-CH(CH3)CN、-C(CH3)2CN、-CH2CN、-CO2H、-COCH3、-CO2CH3、-CO2C(CH3)3、-COCH(OH)CH3、-CONH2、-CONHCH3、-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH(CH3)2、-CON(CH3)2、-C(CH3)2CONH2、-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-NHCOCH3、-N(CH3)COCH3、-NHS(O)2CH3、-N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2、-N(CH3)CH2CH2S(O)2CH3、-NO2、=O、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2OCH3、-OCH2CH2OH、-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2、-OP(O)(OH)2、-S(O)2N(CH3)2、-SCH3、-S(O)2CH3、-S(O)3H、环丙基、环丙基酰胺基团、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-基)氧基、N-甲基-N-氧杂环丁烷-3-基氨基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基甲基、苄基氧基苯基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-1-基-甲酮基团、哌嗪-1-基、吗啉代甲基、吗啉代-甲酮基团或吗啉代;且
n为0、1、2、3或4。
7.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中Y1为CRb且Y3为NRa。
8.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中Y1为N且Y3为C(Rb)2。
9.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中Rc为H。
10.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中Cy为苯二基。
11.根据权利要求10所述的化合物,其中苯二基取代有一个或多个F。
12.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1和R2为H。
13.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3为H且R4为-CH3。
14.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R5为C1-C6氟烷基。
15.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中m为0。
18.药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药用盐和至少一种药用赋形剂。
19.治疗患有癌症的患者中乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、前列腺癌或子宫癌的方法,所述方法包括对所述患者给予治疗有效量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药用盐。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述癌症为乳腺癌。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药用盐与CDK4/6抑制剂组合给予,且其中所述CDK 4/6抑制剂包括帕泊昔布(palbociclib)、瑞泊昔布(ribociclib)或阿本昔布(abemaciclib)。
25.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药用盐与帕泊昔布组合给予。
26.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药用盐与他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬、雷洛西芬、LY117018、奥那司通或枸橼酸托米芬组合给予。
27.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药用盐与以下药物组合给予:阿那曲唑、依西美坦、环磷酰胺、表柔比星、来曲唑、吉西他滨、他莫昔芬、多西他赛、长春瑞滨、卡培他滨或伊沙匹隆或其组合。
28.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药用盐与氟维司群组合给予。
29.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药用盐与选自以下的一种或多种治疗性抗体组合给予:阿仑珠单抗、贝伐珠单抗,西妥昔单抗、帕木单抗、利妥昔单抗、培妥珠单抗、曲妥单抗、曲妥单抗恩坦辛和托西莫单抗或其组合。
30.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中在给予所述化合物或其药用盐与他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬、雷洛西芬、LY117018、奥那司通或枸橼酸托米芬之前已对患者进行了至少一次治疗。
31.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中在给予所述化合物或其药用盐与阿那曲唑、依西美坦、环磷酰胺、表柔比星、来曲唑、吉西他滨、他莫昔芬、多西他赛、长春瑞滨、卡培他滨或伊沙匹隆或其组合之前已对患者进行了至少一次治疗。
32.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中在给予所述化合物或其药用盐与氟维司群之前已对患者进行了至少一次治疗。
33.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中在给予所述化合物或其药用盐与一种或多种治疗性抗体之前已对患者进行了至少一次治疗,所述一种或多种治疗性抗体选自:阿仑珠单抗、贝伐珠单抗,西妥昔单抗、帕木单抗、利妥昔单抗、培妥珠单抗、曲妥单抗、曲妥单抗恩坦辛和托西莫单抗单抗或其组合。
34.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述癌症是激素受体阳性转移性乳腺癌、激素依赖性乳腺癌或激素难治性乳腺癌。
35.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药用盐在患者接受手术之前给予。
36.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其药用盐在患者接受手术之后给予。
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