CN112369546A - 一种藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明要解决的问题是:提供一种藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分及其制备方法，主要由重量百分比的以下物质组成：藏红花粉2‑3份、葛根枸杞子干膏粉40‑50份、木糖醇30‑40份、三氯蔗糖糖0.3‑0.6份、柠檬酸0.8‑1份、苹果酸0.6‑0.8份、CMC‑Na l‑2份。其制备方法包括过筛、称重、混料、包装4个步骤。本发明与现有产品相比，配方更加完善、合理，经过用户试用，消食开胃效果明显。本产品天然健康，不添加防腐剂，质量稳定，品质优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药食两用中药饮品，更具体的说涉及一种藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分及其制备方法。
技术背景
固体饮料是指以糖、乳和乳制品、蛋或蛋制品、果汁或食用植物提取物等为主要原料，添加适量的辅料或食品添加剂制成的每100克成品水分不高于5克的固体制品，呈粉末状、颗粒状或块状，如豆品粉、麦乳精，速溶咖啡、菊花品等，分蛋白型固体饮料、普通型固体饮料和焙烤型固体饮料(速溶咖啡)3类。
固体饮料属于软饮料的一类，主要分为蛋白型固体饮料(包含氨基酸饮料)和普通型固体饮料。蛋白型固体饮料是指以乳及乳制品、蛋及蛋制品、其他动植物蛋白、氨基酸等为主要原料，添加或不添加辅料制成的、蛋白质含量大于或等于4份的制品，常见的有豆奶粉、核桃粉、麦乳精、氨康源氨基酸等；普通型固体饮料是指以果粉或经烘烤的咖啡、茶叶、菊花、茅根等植物提取物为主要原料，添加或不添加其他辅料制成的、蛋白质含量低于1份的制品。常见的有酸梅粉、菊花晶、速溶茶粉、茅根精、氨基酸饮料等。
一直以来，固体饮料因品种多样、风味独特、易于存放而备受消费者青睐，尤其是那些富含维生素、矿物质、氨基酸等营养成分的固体饮料，可以及时补充人体代谢所需营养，更成为了许多人生活中离不开的好伴侣。
固体饮料是由液体饮料除去水分而制成的，去除水分的目的：一是防止被干燥饮料由于其本身的或微生物引起的变质或腐败，以利储藏；二是便于储存和运输。
与液体饮料相比，固体饮料具有如下特点：质量显著减轻，体积显著变小，携带方便；风味好，速溶性好，应用范广，饮用方便；易于保持卫生；包装简易，运输方便。
本试验以藏红花、葛根、枸杞子为原料，对饮料提取的最佳工艺为:葛根和枸杞与水为1:10，加热煮沸，时间1h，提取2次；藏红花破壁超微粉碎；最适甜味剂配比为：木糖醇45.3份、三氯蔗糖糖0.3份、柠檬酸0.8份、苹果酸0.6份、CMC-Na 1份。其制品糖酸适口、风味浓郁、营养丰富，而总糖含量仅为2份，对糖尿病人的血糖几乎无影响。
主要原辅料功效
藏红花：性味较甘平，主要作用在于养血、活血、补血和行血等，包括活血化瘀、凉血解毒、解郁安神、美容养颜等。主要用于治疗月经不调、闭经这些症状，同时对于心脑血管疾病的治疗也有效，还可调节肝肾功能，包括三高的一些症状，还有抗肿瘤癌症的一些疗效也较显著。藏红花泡水喝是藏红花常用的一种使用方法，经常饮用藏红花茶，能够防治心脑血管的一些疾病。经过临床研究发现，适量的藏红花对人体的心脏有一定的保护作用，对血压有一些调节作用，对心梗、脑梗这些心脑血管的一些症状也有一定的疗效。同时在使用中，还能够调节内分泌，特别是促进体内的血液循环，提高血液的供氧能力，对人体免疫力、抵抗力有一定的提高效果，包括改善人体的体质。此外，对女性月经方面的调整也有一定的作用。更重要的是它经常用于美容养颜，自古以来就是女性所喜爱的美容方式，可用藏红花泡水喝，因为它有一些调节内分泌的功效，能够促进人体新陈代谢，达到一个美容的效果。
葛根：甘、辛，凉。有解肌退热，透疹，生津止渴，升阳止泻之功。葛根中含有的黄酮类化合物可以降血脂、降血糖、降低血清胆固醇，可以用来治疗高血压、高血脂、高血糖，改善心肌缺血状态，预防心绞痛、冠心病等；可以促进人体的新陈代谢，加强肝脏的解毒功能，可以提高肝细胞的再生能力，防止脂肪的堆积，可以解酒排毒、养肝护肝；葛根强化肝胆细胞自身免疫功能，抵抗病毒入侵；对于女性朋友来说，葛根具有美容养颜、丰胸美体、滋润肌肤的功效；葛根还有清热去火、清除体内垃圾的功能，经常食用葛根，能起到强筋壮骨、美容健体、延年益寿的功效；葛根有调节体温的作用，其含有的总黄酮对毒素导致的体温升高有显着的降温作用；葛根对一个人的学习能力以及记忆力有很好的改善效果，尤其是从葛根当中的提取出来的矿物质对服用者的记忆力有很好的改善效果，如果经常吃的话，可用于治疗老年性痴呆，智力障碍，记忆力差等病症，葛根具有一定的改善学习记忆的能力；葛根还可以清腻解热，祛痰止咳；野生葛根含有丰富的膳食纤维，能够防治便秘；还能够清除体内的毒素，预防癌症；经常食用能调节人体机能，增强抵抗力。
枸杞子：枸杞中含有多种氨基酸，还有甜菜碱、酸浆果红素等特殊的营养成分，它是一个非常好的保健功效。枸杞它的药性也是甘、平，然后归肝、肾经，功效主要体现在滋补肝肾、益精明目的作用。它具有提高免疫力抗衰老，抗肿瘤抗疲劳，抗辐射损伤，调解血脂血糖血压，提高视力还可以增强呼吸道的抗病能力，提高人体的造血功能还具有美容养颜的作用。比如上班的人经常看电脑比较多的人，视力减退、头晕目眩、有腰膝酸软的患者都可以食用枸杞。还有一个方面益精明目，比如遗精滑精、耳鸣、失眠多梦的患者也可以使用。它的使用方法主要是泡水服用，泡水服用的话枸杞是所有服用方法中吸收营养成分最完全的一个方法，将枸杞放入杯中用开水浸泡，待水自然放温后，枸杞吸收恢复了原鲜果的状态即可饮用。现在随着视频设备的普及，手机、电脑、电视等各类电子设备占据了人们的大量时间。中医讲久视伤肝，长期用眼不当会造成眼干、眼涩、眼睛充血，可以泡点枸杞喝，而且长期用眼以后会对肝脏造成损伤，多表现为焦躁、易怒等症状。用枸杞的时候最好是配合点桑叶、菊花这一类的药，比如有一个叫桑菊茶，这有一个很好清肝明目的效果。
木糖醇：木糖醇做糖尿病人的甜味剂、营养补充剂和辅助治疗剂：木糖醇是人体糖类代谢的中间体，在体内缺少胰岛素影响糖代谢情况下，无须胰岛素促进，木糖醇也能透过细胞膜，被组织吸收利用，促进肝糖元合成，供细胞以营养和能量，且不会引起血糖值升高，消除糖尿病人服用后的三多症状(多食、多饮、多尿)，是最适合糖尿病患者食用的营养性的食糖代替品；木糖醇能促进肝糖元合成，血糖不会上升，对肝病患者有改善肝功能和抗脂肪肝的作用，治疗乙型迁延性肝炎，乙型慢性肝炎及肝硬化有明显疗效，是肝炎并发症病人的理想辅助药物；木糖醇的防龋齿特性在所有的甜味剂中效果最好，首先是木糖醇不能被口腔中产生龋齿的细菌发酵利用，抑制链球菌生长及酸的产生；其次在咀嚼木糖醇时，能促进唾液分泌，唾液多了既可以冲洗口腔、牙齿中的细菌，也可以增大唾液和龋齿斑点处碱性氨基酸及氨浓度，同时减缓口腔内Ph值下降，伤害牙齿的酸性物质被中和稀释，抑制了细菌在牙齿表面的吸附，从而减少了牙齿的酸蚀，防止龋齿和减少牙斑的产生，巩固牙齿；木糖醇为人体提供能量，合成糖元，减少脂肪和肝组织中的蛋白质的消耗，使肝脏受到保护和修复，减少人体内有害酮体的产生，不会因食用而为发胖忧虑。可广泛用于食品、医药、轻工等领域。木糖醇与普通的白砂糖相比，具有热量低的优势——每克木糖醇仅含有2.4卡路里热量，比其他大多数碳水化合物的热量少40份，因而木糖醇可被应用于各种减肥食品中，作为高热量白糖的代用品。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是:以藏红花粉、葛根和枸杞子为主要原料，并添加木糖醇、柠檬酸、苹果酸，配置成酸甜可口、清爽解暑的藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料组分及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分，其特征在于，主要由重量份数比的以下物质组成：藏红花粉2份-3份，葛根枸杞子干膏粉20份-30份、木糖醇50份-60份、柠檬酸0.8份-1份、三氯蔗糖糖0.3份-0.6份、苹果酸0.6份-0.8份、CMC-Na l份-2份。
进一步所述由重量重量份数比的以下物质组成：藏红花粉2份、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉30份、木糖醇65.3份、三氯蔗糖糖0.3份、柠檬酸0.8份、苹果酸0.6份、CMC-Na 1份。
进一步，所述由重量重量份数比的以下物质组成：藏红花粉3份、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉30份、木糖醇64份、三氯蔗糖糖0.5份、柠檬酸1份、苹果酸0.5份、CMC-Na 1份。
一种山楂固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
A、过筛，将藏红花粉过200目筛；
B、称重，将A步骤中过筛后的原料依照组分准确称量；
C、称重，将葛根枸杞子干膏粉准确称量；
D、称重，将木糖醇准确称量；
E、称重，将柠檬酸、苹果酸、三氯蔗糖、CMC-Na准确称量；
F、混料，将B、C、D、E步骤中称量好的原料投入混料机搅拌15分钟；
G、将F混好的料进行制粒、烘干；
H、包装，将G步骤中制好的颗粒以20g/包的标准进行包装。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明与现有产品相比，配方更加完善、合理，经过用户试用，口感好。本产品天然健康，不添加防腐剂，质量稳定，品质优良。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1.方法
超微粉的制备传统粉碎加工方法制得的产品，营养成分普遍吸收较差，口感较差，此问题必须在加工工艺方面予以解决。利用行星式球磨机对灵芝子实体进行初步粗粉碎，粒度达到120目。将磨好的粗粉利用筛分机进行筛分，经筛分好的粗粉放入到胶体磨中进行精磨，第1次研磨空隙调节为2Oμm，第2次研磨空隙调节为1-2μm。将精磨好的灵芝极细粉在121℃，灭菌15min备用，将灭菌后的灵芝粉和咖啡、植脂末、白砂糖粉混合均匀，即可。
1.1原料粉碎工艺研究
藏红花经低温烘干、粉碎、过筛(120目)得细粉；再用行星式球磨机对以上细粉进行精磨，第1次研磨空隙调节为2Oμm，研磨2小时，第2次研磨空隙调节为1-2μm，研磨2小时得超微粉。计算原料粉的得率，见表1。
表1原料粉的得率
1.2原料灭菌工艺研究
1.2.1常用灭菌方法及关键工艺参数
常用的灭菌方法包括湿热灭菌法(含流通蒸汽灭菌、热压灭菌)、辐照灭菌法、微波灭菌法、过滤除菌法、瞬间高温灭菌法等。
湿热灭菌法为热力灭菌中最有效，应用最广泛的灭菌方法，固体制剂、口服液以及遇高温和潮湿不发生变化或破坏的原料或成品，均可采用本法灭菌，关键工艺参数为温度、时间。
瞬间高温灭菌法是为有效地保留待灭菌液体物料的功效成分，将液体在封闭的系统经高温、短时处理后迅速冷却至室温的一种方法，主要用于饮料的灭菌，关键工艺参数为温度、时间。本法需综合考虑产品pH值、初始染菌情况、生产环境与保质期需求，并应与无菌灌装工艺配合使用。其中超高温瞬时灭菌法通常采用130～150℃,3～5s。
微波灭菌法是以热效应和非热效应共同作用，使物品内外均匀迅速升温实现灭菌，目前主要用于粉末状或细小颗粒状原料及成品的灭菌，关键工艺参数为微波频率、时间。
过滤除菌法利用细菌不能通过致密具孔滤材的原理以除去液体中微生物的方法，常用于含热不稳定成分的液体除菌，关键工艺参数为滤材孔径(一般≤0.22μm)。
辐照灭菌法最常用的为60Co-γ射线辐照灭菌，主要适用于辐照灭菌条件下不易发生质量变化的固体原料及终产品，关键工艺参数为辐照源、辐照剂量。
化学灭菌法是指用化学品直接作用于微生物而将其杀死的方法。对微生物具有杀灭作用的化学品称为灭菌剂，可分为气体灭菌剂和液体灭菌剂。灭菌剂仅对微生物繁殖体有效，不能杀灭芽胞。液体灭菌剂多用于无菌操作室，而中药材的灭菌则以乙醇蒸气和臭氧应用最多。
根据藏红花含挥发性成分及受热不稳定的性质进行灭菌条件的工艺参数设置灭菌，并对其含量及菌落数进行测定，选择乙醇蒸气灭菌方式。
1.2.2将藏红花超微粉在乙醇蒸气条件下灭菌，考察灭菌前后样品中功效成分/标志性成分含量、微生物数量(菌落总数、霉菌及酵母菌总数)等变化情况，筛选出合适的灭菌工艺。结果见表2。
表2藏红花粉灭菌前后的结果比较
从以上试验结果表明，藏红花超微粉的灭菌方式选择乙醇蒸气灭菌，效果较好，因此灭菌条件为：乙醇蒸气。
实施例2葛根枸杞子提取条件的筛选
2.1水提法的优化
2.1.1因素水平及指标的选定
设计选取提取时间和料液比两个因素，每个因素设置3个水平，见表2。以葛根素的转移率为指标进行试验。
葛根素转移率(份)＝浸膏中葛根素百分量/药材中葛根素百分量×浸膏得率×100份
干膏得率(份)＝浸膏质量/药材质量×100份
称取药材100g 3份，分别以1000ml水回流提取1h，滤过，将滤液在60℃下真空浓缩至干，测量葛根素的含量，计算平均值，经过换算作为药材中葛根素的含量。
2.1.2提取溶剂和方法的确定
本品配方中提取的中药材为葛根、枸杞子，相关资料表明葛根的葛根素成分具有改善心脑血管循环，增加冠状动脉血流量，降血压，降血糖等药理作用。因此，我们选用葛根素成分的常用提取方法—水提法对原料的功效成分进行提取。
2.1.3.正交试验设计及结果
在确定水提次数的基础上，采用正交试验法对葛根、枸杞子药材提取的其他工艺条件进行优选。选择对水提工艺影响较大的因素，即加水量、提取时间、提取次数作为考察因素，以葛根素测得值为评价指标，根据因素—水平表，不考虑因素间的交互作用，应用L9(34)正交试验设计进行实验，确定最佳工艺。试验方案见表1，结果见表2、3。
表1正交试验因素水平表
称取中药材原料9份，每份100g，按照表2的顺序安排试验，水溶液浓缩，得浸膏，测定葛根素含量。
表2提取工艺正交实验设计表及结果
表3干膏得率正交试验的方差分析结果
表4葛根素正交试验的方差分析结果
P＞0.05
对表2进行数据处理，方差分析见表3、表4，由直观分析可知，以葛根素测得值为评价指标，在考察的影响因素中，重要性依次为A＞B＞C。A因素中A2＞A3＞A1；B因素中B2＞B3＞B1；C因素中C2＞C1＞C3。因此，确定葛根最佳提取工艺为A2B2C2，即提取2次，第一次加10倍量水，第二次加8倍量水，每次提取1h。
2.1.4提取工艺验证
称取中药材葛根、枸杞子原料10份，每份100g，按照正交试验筛选的最佳提取工艺对葛根、枸杞子煎煮2次，第一次加10倍量水，第二次加8倍量水，每次提取1h。水提液浓缩，烘干，得干膏，测定其葛根素含量及提取干膏的收率，结果见表5。
表5葛根枸杞子提取含量测定结果
提取工艺验证试验表明：葛根、枸杞子水提取工艺稳定，符合工业化生产的要求。
实施例2藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料制备
所述藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料由以下物质组成：藏红花粉3kg、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉20kg、木糖醇64kg、三氯蔗糖糖0.5kg、柠檬酸1kg、苹果酸0.5kg、CMC-Na 1kg。
一种山楂固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
A、过筛，将藏红花粉过200目筛、葛根枸杞子干膏粉过80目筛；
B、称重，将A步骤中过筛后的原料依照组分准确称量；
C、称重，将葛根枸杞子干膏粉准确称量；
D、称重，将木糖醇准确称量；
E、称重，将柠檬酸、苹果酸、三氯蔗糖、CMC-Na准确称量；
F、混料，将B、C、D、E步骤中称量好的原料投入混料机搅拌15分钟；
G、将F混好的料进行制粒、烘干；
H、包装，将G步骤中制好的颗粒以20g/包的标准进行包装。
实施例3藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料制备
所述藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料由以下物质组成：藏红花3kg、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉30kg、木糖醇62.6kg、三氯蔗糖糖0.6kg、柠檬酸1kg、苹果酸0.8kg、CMC-Na 2kg。
一种山楂固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
A、过筛，将藏红花粉过200目筛、葛根枸杞子干膏粉过80目筛；
B、称重，将A步骤中过筛后的原料依照组分准确称量；
C、称重，将葛根枸杞子干膏粉准确称量；
D、称重，将木糖醇准确称量；
E、称重，将柠檬酸、苹果酸、三氯蔗糖、CMC-Na准确称量；
F、混料，将B、C、D、E步骤中称量好的原料投入混料机搅拌15分钟；
G、将F混好的料进行制粒、烘干；
H、包装，将G步骤中制好的颗粒以20g/包的标准进行包装。
实施例4藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料制备
所述藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料由以下物质组成：藏红花2kg、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉30kg、木糖醇65.3kg、三氯蔗糖糖0.3kg、柠檬酸0.8kg、苹果酸0.6kg、CMC-Na 1kg。
一种山楂固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
A、过筛，将藏红花粉过200目筛、葛根枸杞子干膏粉过80目筛；
B、称重，将A步骤中过筛后的原料依照组分准确称量；
C、称重，将葛根枸杞子干膏粉准确称量；
D、称重，将木糖醇准确称量；
E、称重，将柠檬酸、苹果酸、三氯蔗糖、CMC-Na准确称量；
F、混料，将B、C、D、E步骤中称量好的原料投入混料机搅拌15分钟；
G、将F混好的料进行制粒、烘干；
H、包装，将G步骤中制好的颗粒以20g/包的标准进行包装。
实施例5藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料制备
所述藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料由以下物质组成：藏红花3kg、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉30kg、木糖醇64kg、三氯蔗糖糖0.5kg、柠檬酸1kg、苹果酸0.5kg、CMC-Na 1kg。
一种山楂固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
A、过筛，将藏红花粉过200目筛、葛根枸杞子干膏粉过80目筛；
B、称重，将A步骤中过筛后的原料依照组分准确称量；
C、称重，将葛根枸杞子干膏粉准确称量；
D、称重，将木糖醇准确称量；
E、称重，将柠檬酸、苹果酸、三氯蔗糖、CMC-Na准确称量；
F、混料，将B、C、D、E步骤中称量好的原料投入混料机搅拌15分钟；
G、将F混好的料进行制粒、烘干；
H、包装，将G步骤中制好的颗粒以20g/包的标准进行包装。
以上对本发明的五个实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均应归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分，其特征在于，主要由重量份数为的以下物质组成:
藏红花粉2-3份、葛根20-30份、枸杞子干膏粉20-30份、木糖醇50-60份、三氯蔗糖糖0.3-0.6份、柠檬酸0.8-1份、苹果酸0.6-0.8份、CMC-Na l-2份。
2.一种藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤:
A、藏红花粉碎，过200目筛，得藏红花细粉；
B、葛根和枸杞子经挑选、清洗、提取、浓缩、烘干、粉碎，过80目筛，得葛根枸杞子干膏粉；
C、称重，将A、B步骤中过筛后的原料依照组分准确称量；
D、混料，将C步骤中称量好的原料投入混料机搅拌15分钟；
E、将F混好的料进行制粒、烘干；
F、包装，将D步骤中混合均匀的原料以20g/包的标准进行包装。
3.根据权利要求1所述藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分，其特征在于:所述由重量份数比的以下物质组成:藏红花粉3份、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉30份、木糖醇62.6份、三氯蔗糖糖0.6份、柠檬酸1份、苹果酸0.8份、CMC-Na 2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分，其特征在于:所述由重量份数比的以下物质组成:藏红花粉2份、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉30份、木糖醇65.3份、三氯蔗糖糖0.3份、柠檬酸0.8份、苹果酸0.6份、CMC-Na 1份。
5.根据权利要求1所述藏红花葛根枸杞子固体饮料的组分，其特征在于:所述由重量份数比的以下物质组成：藏红花粉3份、葛根和枸杞子干膏粉30份、木糖醇64份、三氯蔗糖糖0.5份、柠檬酸1份、苹果酸0.5份、CMC-Na 1份。
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