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CN112351901A - 机动车驱动装置 - Google Patents

机动车驱动装置 Download PDF

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CN112351901A
CN112351901A CN201980043605.XA CN201980043605A CN112351901A CN 112351901 A CN112351901 A CN 112351901A CN 201980043605 A CN201980043605 A CN 201980043605A CN 112351901 A CN112351901 A CN 112351901A
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combustion engine
internal combustion
transmission
energy converter
motor vehicle
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CN112351901B (zh
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G·基辛格
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D45/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches combined with automatic clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D47/00—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings
    • F16D47/04—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings of which at least one is a freewheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

一种机动车驱动装置，用于将内燃机(1)与机电式的能量转换器(2)连接，其中，该能量转换器被设计用于起动内燃机，并且所述机动车驱动装置具有起动机发电机传动装置(5)，该传动装置具有第一传动线路(3)，所述第一传动线路被设计用于在起动内燃机时将转矩从机电式的能量转换器(2)引导至内燃机(1)，并且该传动装置(5)具有沿从机电式的能量转换器(2)至内燃机(1)的方向减速的传动比，并且该传动装置(5)还具有第二传动线路(4)，所述第二运动系统被设计用于至少暂时将转矩沿从内燃机(1)至机电式的能量转换器(2)的方向引导，并且第二传动线路(4)关于在机电式的能量转换器(2)与内燃机(1)之间的转矩传递并联于第一传动线路设置，其特征在于，第一传动线路(3)具有单向离合器，所述单向离合器设计成，使得在起动内燃机(1)时，转矩能从机电式的能量转换器(2)经由该传动线路(3)传递至所述内燃机，并且第二传动线路(4)具有转速敏感的离合器(6)，所述转速敏感的离合器直到达到第一转速阈值为止都是断开的，从而在该状态中，没有转矩能利用第二传动线路(4)从内燃机(1)传递至机电式的能量转换器(2)，并且转速敏感的离合器(6)从超过第一转速阈值时起闭合。

Description

机动车驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车驱动装置，所述机动车驱动装置具有内燃机并且具有机电式的能量转换器，按照权利要求1的前序部分的机动车驱动装置由DE19941705A1已知。
背景技术
接着根据用于轿车的机动车驱动传动系描述本发明，这不应理解为将本发明限制于这样的应用。在机动车中，经常使用以所谓的混合驱动形式的由内燃机和机电式的能量转换器组成的组合。如果机电式的能量转换器“大”地实施，亦即其能够持久地提供大于35kW的功率，则功能设计(起动、行驶、回收等)被简化，即能够将该大的机电式的能量转换器无问题地考虑用于起动内燃机并且用于驱动机动车。然而在这样的配置中不利的是，这样大的机电式的能量转换器具有大的结构空间需求，这通常是不利的，因为可供使用的结构空间设计得很紧。“小”的机电式的能量转换器、亦即不能持久提供大于35kW的功率的能量转换器虽然可以利用对应的传动比来考虑用于起动内燃机，然而基于该传动比并且基于转速极限而在驱动机动车时被限制。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，从已知的现有技术出发提供一种改进的机动车驱动装置。该任务通过按照权利要求1的机动车驱动装置解决，本发明要优选的进一步构成是从属权利要求的内容。
本发明的基本构思是，将内燃机的从动轴与机电式的能量转换器的、所谓的起动机发电机的从动轴连接，其中，为了进行连接设置两个并联的传动线路，其中，“并联”涉及这两个传动线路的转矩传递。此外，这两个传动线路的每个传动线路具有用于中断转矩传递的转矩传递装置，并且这两个传动线路之中的第一传动线路具有起动机发电机传动装置，所述起动机发电机传动装置具有沿从机电式的能量转换器的从动轴至内燃机的从动轴的功率传递的方向减速的传动比。此外，这两个传动线路之中的第二传动线路、亦即与该第一传动线路并联的传动线路尤其是在转矩传递时具有1:1的传动比。
此外，在第一传动线路中接纳的转矩传递装置构成为离合器、优选构成为单向离合器或构成为所谓的起动机自由轮机构。在此，该单向离合器具有锁定方向，其中，沿锁定方向能够实现转矩传递，并且相反于锁定方向至少暂时或持久地不能够实现转矩传递。这样的单向离合器由现有技术已知，尤其是作为自由轮机构已知，并且优选所述单向离合器构成为可切换的自由轮机构，其中，这样的可切换的自由轮机构也由现有技术已知。
此外，优选第二传动线路的转矩传递装置构成为转速敏感的转矩传递装置并且优选构成为离心式离合器，所述离心式离合器在高于可预设的第一转速阈值时能够实现从内燃机的从动轴到机电式的能量转换器的从动轴的转矩传递(闭合状态)并且在低于该第一转速阈值时阻止所述转矩传递(断开状态)。
利用所提出的机动车驱动装置因此能够实现从起动机发电机到内燃机的转矩传递、尤其是在内燃机的起动期间经由第一传动线路并且因此利用从起动机发电机至内燃机的转矩提高来实现。此外，利用所提出的机动车驱动装置、尤其是在内燃机的起动之后能够从内燃机至起动机发电机或沿相反的方向经由第二传动线路、亦即尤其是没有转矩提高地基于第二传动线路的1:1传动比实现转矩传递。研究已表明，利用这样的装置能够实现有效率的混合驱动系统。
换句话说，本发明的目的是，提供一种机动车驱动装置，其用于混合动力系统、亦即具有作为第一驱动机的内燃机并且具有作为第二驱动机的机电式的能量转换器的机动车驱动传动系。所提出的机动车驱动装置、尤其是机电式的能量转换器不仅在低的转速、亦即尤其是在起动内燃机时而且也在高的转速、亦即尤其是在内燃机的从动轴的转速大于2000转/分时足够地提供转矩，以用于驱动机动车。
该转矩提供在尽管存在机动车驱动装置的、尤其是起动机发电机的小的结构尺寸的情况下仍能够被实现。优选起动机发电机具有小于35kW、优选小于25kW、优选小于20kW并且进一步优选小于12kW的驱动功率。尤其是结合轿车，起动机发电机具有优选35kW以下的驱动功率，并且此外优选地，结合摩托车的起动机发电机具有20kW以下的驱动功率。
所提出的发明的另一核心是使用所谓的起动机发电机传动装置，所述起动机发电机传动装置也具有单向离合器或为了进行转矩传递而与所述单向离合器处于连接中。优选单向离合器关于从机电式的能量转换器的从动轴到内燃机的从动轴的转矩传递设置在起动机发电机传动装置上游或优选设置在起动机发电机传动装置下游。进一步优选，机动车驱动装置结合该单向离合器(第一传动线路)附加地具有转速敏感的离合器(第二传动线路)，其中，所述单向离合器设置在第一传动线路中，而所述转速敏感的离合器设置在第二传动线路中。所述起动机发电机传动装置具有输入轴，所述输入轴与机电式的能量转换器的从动轴至少暂时为了进行转矩传递而可连接或与该能量转换器的从动轴持久地连接。此外，内燃机的从动轴、尤其是内燃机的所谓的曲轴与起动机发电机传动装置的输出轴至少暂时为了进行转矩传递而可连接或优选与起动机发电机传动装置的输出轴持久地连接。
此外，起动机发电机传动装置关于从该传动装置的输入轴到输出轴的转矩传递、亦即尤其是在从机电式的能量转换器借助于起动机发电机传动装置到内燃机的功率传递时具有减速的传动比。
此外，转速敏感的离合器与机电式的能量转换器的从动轴至少暂时为了进行转矩传递而可连接或持久地引导转矩地与该从动轴连接。所述转速敏感的离合器设计成，使得其直到达到第一转速阈值为止是断开的并且在高于该第一转速阈值时闭合，亦即使得直至该第一转速阈值为止都没有转矩能利用所述转速敏感的离合器传递。在结构上，所述转速敏感的离合器优选构成为离心式离合器。进一步优选，该第一转速阈值从如下范围中选择，所述范围针对内燃机的所谓的怠速。在本发明的意义上，怠速理解为内燃机的这样的转速，以所述转速，内燃机能在没有行驶要求的情况下、尤其是在停车状态中运行，或在没有驾驶员干预的情况下运行。此外，优选该怠速根据发动机结构型式、尤其是在以往复活塞结构方式的内燃机中位于650转/分至1000转/分的范围中。
优选第一转速阈值位于如下范围中，所述范围大于内燃机的怠速的0.75倍、优选大于0.85倍并且特别优选大于0.95倍，并且进一步优选该范围小于或等于内燃机的怠速的1.05倍并且优选小于或等于该怠速的1.0倍并且特别优选小于或等于该怠速的0.97倍。
在功能上，所述转速敏感的离合器构成为所谓的常开离合器并且因此在未操纵的状态中、亦即尤其是在低于第一转速阈值时断开。尤其是转速敏感的离合器在内燃机的起动期间通过机电式的能量转换器断开。在转速敏感的离合器的断开的状态中，没有转矩传递能够利用转速敏感的离合器并且因此经由第二传动线路实现，尤其是因此不存在以从机电式的能量转换器至内燃机的1:1的传动比的机械连接。在内燃机起动的所述情况中，第二传动线路断开并且第一传动线路传递驱动功率。亦即驱动功率在内燃机由起动机发电机起动时借助于起动机发电机传动装置传递，并且通过所选择的减速的传动比，由机电式的能量转换器提供的并且作用到内燃机的从动轴上的转矩提高。
如果尤其是在内燃机的起动过程期间达到或超过第一转速阈值，亦即机电式的能量转换器将内燃机的从动轴加速到用于起动内燃机的足够的转速并且内燃机转换到燃烧运行中，则转速敏感的离合器基于在第二传动线路上建立的转速关系而闭合。优选第一转速阈值如之前陈述地那样选择，使得转速敏感的离合器的该闭合在“稍微”低于内燃机的怠速的转速情况下在所谓的耦连点发生。
如果转速敏感的离合器闭合，则经由该转速敏感的离合器并且因此经由第二传动线路，转矩能从内燃机传递至机电式的能量转换器。在功能上，从该时刻(达到耦连点)起，转矩从机电式的能量转换器优选仅还经由转速敏感的离合器并且因此能够以在内燃机的从动轴与机电式的能量转换器的从动轴之间的1:1的转速比传递。该转速比1:1得出，因为在第一传动线路中的单向离合器基于在第二传动线路中的转速敏感的离合器闭合的情况下建立的转速比是断开的并且因此经由第二传动线路进行功率传递。
尤其是通过单向离合器能够实现，起动机发电机传动装置在内燃机单独提供或优选与起动机发电机共同提供用于驱动机动车的驱动功率的阶段期间仅还自由地一起运转，亦即没有功率能够利用该单向离合器传递。
以不同的方式应用，在第二传动线路中的转矩传递利用转速敏感的离合器、尤其是通过该离合器的直接的离合器连接而双向地作用，并且因此转矩也能够从起动机发电机、尤其是为了加速机动车而输出至内燃机并且因此输出至机动车的驱动装置。沿与用于驱动机动车相反的驱动方向，亦即从内燃机至机电式的能量转换器，利用所提出的机动车驱动装置能够实现回收。
优选通过所述回收能够实现电化学的能量储存器、优选蓄电池的充电，其中，在回收时，机电式的能量转换器在发电的运行中运行。如果内燃机、尤其是借助于起动停止自动装置(如其能由发动机控制器预设的那样)或基于车辆的正常的停止而置于停车状态中，则在达到或低于第一转速阈值时，转速敏感的离合器断开，并且不再有转矩传递能够经由第二传动线路实现。在该情况中，经由第一传动线路，内燃机能够再次——尤其是从停车状态中——经由起动机发电机和起动机发电机传动装置起动。
在一种优选的实施方式中，起动机发电机传动装置构成为具有至少一个行星齿轮的周转轮系，并且进一步优选起动机发电机传动装置构成为具有轴线平行的并且彼此间隔开的轴线的圆柱齿轮传动机构。进一步优选，起动机发电机传动装置构成为由圆柱齿轮传动机构和周转轮系组成的组合。尤其是通过起动机发电机传动装置完全或部分地构成为周转轮系的实施方式——这样的传动装置也经常称为行星齿轮传动机构——来得出如下优点，即整个系统能在一个轴上构成并且需要较小的结构空间。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，机动车驱动装置、亦即尤其是具有如下构件即离心式离合器、单向离合器和起动机发电机传动装置的装置与内燃机或与机电式的能量转换器或与这两者利用牵引构件传动装置、优选利用带传动装置或优选链传动装置或优选利用齿轮传动装置连接或优选直接连接。优选这样的用于连接内燃机或机电式的能量转换器的传动装置具有固定的传动比，优选这样的传动装置可切换到至少两个切换级中。尤其是借助于这样的传动装置，内燃机或机电式的能量转换器能与相应的负载要求适配。
在本发明的一种进一步优选的实施方式中，至少起动机发电机传动装置和内燃机或机电式的能量转换器或所有三者具有共同的油路。进一步优选，至少所述起动机发电机传动装置在结构上集成到机电式的能量转换器中或集成到内燃机中。尤其是通过所提出的措施能够实现用于机动车驱动装置的小的结构空间需求。此外，尤其是通过机动车驱动装置的上面所述的构造能够实现，将用于驱动机动车(起动内燃机、行驶运行)的转速范围的整个或至少大部分利用起动机发电机的电辅助来覆盖，并且这在尽管存在“小”的机电式的能量转换器的情况下仍是如此。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，对于从起动机发电机传动装置的输入轴到其输出轴的功率传递、亦即从机电式的能量转换器至内燃机的功率传递，起动机发电机传动装置具有从如下范围中的传动比，对于所述范围适用的是，减速的传动比大于1:6、优选大于1:4并且优选大于或等于1:3并且进一步优选该传动比小于1:2、优选小于1:2.5并且特别优选小于1:2.75。研究已表明，利用从所提出的范围中的传动比能够实现一种机动车驱动装置，利用该机动车驱动装置能够在小的结构空间需求的情况下一方面实现足够的驱动功率、尤其是用于从停车状态中加速内燃机(起动过程)的足够的驱动转矩，并且另一方面实现用于在行驶期间驱动机动车的足够的驱动功率。
附图说明
接着根据示意性的附图更详细地阐述本发明的实施方式，在此，在附图中：
图1示出具有机动车驱动装置的示意性的机动车驱动系统。
具体实施方式
借助于机动车驱动装置，内燃机1与构成为起动机发电机的机电式的能量转换器2连接，所述内燃机构成为具有多个气缸的往复活塞式内燃机。所述机动车驱动装置具有第一传动线路3和第二传动线路4。
在第一传动线路3中，起动机发电机传动装置5接纳有单向离合器。该传动装置5沿从机电式的起动机发电机2至内燃机1的转矩传递方向7具有减速的传动比，所述转矩传递方向7通过单向离合器的安装决定，这样的离合器也可以理解为所谓的越速离合器。借助于起动机发电机传动装置5的该传动比来提高用于起动内燃机1的转矩，所述转矩由机电式的起动机发电机2提供。所述单向离合器在此在第一传动线路3中接纳成，使得转矩能沿转矩传递方向7传递。
在起动内燃机1时，内燃机由机电式的起动机发电机2经由第一传动线路3加速直到起动转速。从达到起动转速时起，将内燃机1置于燃烧运行中。如果内燃机达到第一转速阈值，则设置在第二传动线路4中的转速敏感的离合器6将在第二传动线路4中的转矩传递和因此还有转速传递闭合，所述第一转速阈值被预设为稍微低于内燃机的怠速的转速。
第二传动线路4具有1:1的传动比，亦即设计为直接的直接挡传动。转速敏感的离合器6因此在闭合状态(超过第一转速阈值)中将内燃机1直接与机电式的能量转换器2耦合并且因此能够经由第二传动线路4沿两个方向8、亦即双向地实现在内燃机1与机电式的起动机发电机2之间的转矩传递。在回收运行中，机电式的起动机发电机2因此能够利用来自机动车的驱动传动系9的驱动功率驱动，例如在惯性运行中；或另外也还能够实现，在转速敏感的离合器6闭合时，将功率从内燃机1传递至机电式的起动机发电机2。在另一种运行模式中，例如在利用内燃机1驱动机动车时，起动机发电机2能够附加地提供功率并且因此附加地考虑用于驱动，因此能够纯电地、纯以内燃机地或组合地实现机动车的驱动。
通过闭合转速敏感的离合器6，基于在第一传动线路3上建立的转速比，在起动机发电机传动装置5中的单向离合器断开并且起动机发电机传动装置5在没有转矩传递的情况下并且因此损耗少地一起运转。在内燃机1停止并且因此第二传动线路4中的转速下降之后，转速敏感的离合器6断开(低于第一转速阈值)，并且内燃机1的重新起动因此能够通过机电式的起动机发电机2经由第一传动线路3再次实现。
附图标记列表
1 内燃机
2 机电式的能量转换器
3 第一传动线路
4 第二传动线路
5 具有单向离合器的起动机发电机传动装置
6 转速敏感的离合器
7 在第一传动线路中的可能的转矩传递方向
8 在第二传动线路中的可能的转矩传递方向
9 至机动车驱动传动系的功率传递

Claims (9)

1.一种机动车驱动装置，用于将内燃机(1)与机电式的能量转换器(2)连接，其中，该能量转换器被设计用于起动内燃机，并且所述机动车驱动装置具有起动机发电机传动装置(5)，该传动装置具有第一传动线路(3)，所述第一传动线路被设计用于在起动内燃机时将转矩从机电式的能量转换器(2)引导至内燃机(1)，并且该传动装置(5)具有沿从机电式的能量转换器(2)至内燃机(1)的方向减速的传动比，并且该传动装置(5)还具有第二传动线路(4)，所述第二传动线路被设计用于至少暂时将转矩沿从内燃机(1)至机电式的能量转换器(2)的方向引导，并且
其中，第二传动线路(4)关于在机电式的能量转换器(2)与内燃机(1)之间的转矩传递并联于第一传动线路设置，
其特征在于，
第一传动线路(3)具有单向离合器，所述单向离合器设计成，使得在起动内燃机(1)时，转矩能够从机电式的能量转换器(2)经由该传动线路(3)传递至所述内燃机，并且
第二传动线路(4)具有转速敏感的离合器(6)，所述转速敏感的离合器直到达到第一转速阈值为止都是断开的，从而在该状态中，没有转矩能利用第二传动线路(4)从内燃机(1)传递至机电式的能量转换器(2)，并且
转速敏感的离合器(6)从超过该第一转速阈值时起闭合。
2.按照权利要求1所述的机动车驱动装置，其特征在于，所述转速敏感的离合器(6)构成为离心式离合器。
3.按照上述权利要求之一所述的机动车驱动装置，其特征在于，所述单向离合器构成为自由轮机构。
4.按照上述权利要求之一所述的机动车驱动装置，其特征在于，起动机发电机传动装置(5)具有沿从机电式的能量转换器(2)至内燃机(1)的方向的在1:6至1:2之间的传动比。
5.按照上述权利要求之一所述的机动车驱动装置，其特征在于，第一转速阈值大于内燃机的怠速的0.75倍并且小于所述怠速的1.05倍。
6.按照上述权利要求之一所述的机动车驱动装置，其特征在于，起动机发电机传动装置(5)具有周转轮系或由周转轮系组成。
7.一种机动车驱动系统，其中，内燃机(1)和机电式的能量转换器(2)利用按照上述权利要求之一所述的机动车驱动装置彼此连接以用于驱动机动车。
8.按照权利要求7所述的机动车驱动系统，其特征在于，所述起动机发电机传动装置(5)和至少所述内燃机(1)，或所述起动机发电机传动装置(5)和至少所述机电式的能量转换器(2)，具有共同的油路。
9.一种机动车，所述机动车具有按照权利要求7或8所述的机动车驱动系统。
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