CN112345610A - Nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO (indium tin oxide) array electrode chip and application thereof in electrochemical immunosensor - Google Patents
Nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO (indium tin oxide) array electrode chip and application thereof in electrochemical immunosensor Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
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Abstract
The invention provides a nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO (indium tin oxide) array electrode chip and application thereof in an electrochemical immunosensor. The invention utilizes the photoetching technology and combines a three-electrode system to prepare a multi-channel ITO electrode, and then adopts an electrodeposition method to modify nano gold particles to obtain the multi-channel ITO array electrode chip. The multichannel ITO array electrode chip can be applied to electrochemical immunosensors, can be particularly used for rapidly detecting substances such as biological micromolecules such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and the like and nitrite and can realize simultaneous determination of multi-component substances.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical immunosensors, and relates to a nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO (indium tin oxide) array electrode chip and application thereof in an electrochemical immunosensor.
Background
With the increasing living standard, people put forward higher requirements on various fields closely related to the livelihood, such as food safety, commodity quality control, medicine quality, residue control, environmental detection and the like, and simultaneously, the device has higher expectations on rapid, sensitive and reliable instrument detection means. Therefore, scientific researchers in various countries all invest in a large amount of manpower and material resources to develop a novel detection means and method which has high throughput, high selectivity, rapid analysis, small sample consumption, convenient carrying and capability of carrying out field analysis, thereby meeting the social requirements.
Compared with other analysis methods, the electrochemical analysis method not only has high selectivity and sensitivity, but also has the advantages of small instrument, portability and low price. Particularly, the electrode in electrochemical analysis has wide material selection and free design, and the manufacturing and using cost of the electrode can be greatly reduced by selecting specific materials or preparing a disposable electrode. In addition, purposeful modification of the electrode surface can also greatly increase the sensitivity and selectivity of the determination. If a plurality of electrodes can be combined to form the integration of a plurality of detection channels, the characteristics of sensitivity, rapidness and the like of a single electrode can be maintained, the simultaneous detection of a plurality of samples can be realized, the detection speed and the flux of the analysis method can be greatly improved, the analysis requirement of complex samples can be met, and the detection cost can be further reduced.
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) conductive glass is a good conductive material and has been widely used in the design of biochips and microfluidic devices. The ITO conductive glass has low price, better processing performance than other electrode materials, high film hardness, wear resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, and can be applied to the research in the aspects of environmental science, medicine, life science and the like.
The ITO conductive glass has better surface modification capability, and the sensitivity and the selectivity of the electrode can be improved by properly modifying the surface of the ITO electrode. By the design of multi-channel or electrode array, and the like, and the combination of flow technology, the multi-component simultaneous determination and continuous detection can be realized, and the method has strong applicability in the fields of environmental detection, medical inspection and other analysis.
In summary, the invention provides an ITO multi-channel array chip and applies it to an electrochemical immunosensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO (indium tin oxide) array electrode chip.
The multi-channel ITO array electrode chip provided by the invention integrates eight working electrodes on the same electrode, and is provided with a common reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode; eight of the working electrodes have similar electrode properties and can be used for simultaneous determination of multi-component substances.
The multichannel ITO array electrode chip comprises an electrode substrate and an electrode modification layer, wherein the electrode substrate is an ITO electrode, the electrode modification layer is a nanogold modification layer and is modified on a working electrode, a reference electrode is modified with silver-silver chloride, and an auxiliary electrode is modified with platinum.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a multi-channel ITO electrode by utilizing a photoetching technology;
s2, carrying out surface modification on the multichannel ITO electrode by adopting an electrodeposition method, and preparing the multichannel ITO array electrode chip modified by the nano gold particles.
Further, in step S1, the preparation method of the multi-channel ITO electrode specifically includes:
cleaning an electrode material: ultrasonically cleaning the ITO glass in absolute ethyl alcohol and secondary water for 5min respectively, and naturally drying at room temperature;
glue homogenizing: putting the cleaned conductive surface of the ITO glass on a spin coater to spin a photoresist, wherein the photoresist precoating speed is 1800rpm, the photoresist coating time is 18s, the photoresist coating speed is 3000rpm, and the photoresist coating time is 30 s;
pre-baking: placing the ITO glass subjected to photoresist spin coating in a 90 ℃ oven for heating and baking for 20 min;
exposure: covering the mask on the ITO glass subjected to pre-baking treatment, and exposing for 7min under an ultraviolet lamp;
and (3) developing: placing the exposed ITO glass in 0.25% NaOH solution for developing treatment for 3 min;
hardening the film: placing the developed ITO glass in an oven at 120 ℃, and hardening for 15 min;
etching and removing photoresist: placing the hardened ITO glass in a nitric acid-hydrochloric acid-water solution with the volume ratio of 6: 100 for corrosion, performing corrosion treatment for 6min under the assistance of ultrasonic waves, and then performing ultrasonic cleaning by using ethanol and secondary water.
Further, in step S2, the electrodeposition method specifically includes: the working electrode of the multi-channel ITO electrode is taken as a working electrode, an external platinum wire is taken as an auxiliary electrode, silver-silver chloride is taken as a reference electrode, and the multi-channel ITO electrode is placed into a container containing 0.2M Na2SO41mM HAuCl in solution4Cyclic voltammetric scanning treatment was performed in solution.
As shown in attached figure 1, is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel disposable ITO array electrode chip template prepared by the invention. As can be seen from the figure, the multi-channel ITO array electrode chip is provided with eight working electrodes which are uniformly distributed, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode, and a multi-integrated eight-electrode system is formed.
As shown in fig. 2, is an SEM image of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the size of the gold nanoparticles modified on the surface of the multichannel ITO nano array electrode chip is about 200nm, and gold nanoclusters are formed in the process of depositing gold on the surface of the ITO electrode, are snowflake-shaped, have the size of about 1 mu m and are uniformly distributed on the surface of the ITO electrode. Therefore, the nano gold particles prepared by the method are electrodeposited on the surface of an ITO electrode to form a relatively uniform gold nano cluster modified electrode surface, and the nano gold cluster modified electrode surface can be used for constructing an electrochemical sensor.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip in the electrochemical immunosensor.
The multi-channel ITO array electrode chip provided by the invention can be used for preparing an electrochemical immunosensor and measuring biological small molecules, such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and the like; the method can also be used for measuring specific substances in water bodies and food, such as nitrite and the like, and can realize the simultaneous measurement of multi-component substances.
As shown in fig. 3, a cyclic voltammetry curve chart (a) and a linear relationship chart (b) of ascorbic acid concentration and oxidation peak current for measuring ascorbic acid for the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the present invention are shown, wherein fig. 3(a) is an electrochemical curve of 0M ascorbic acid and 2mM ascorbic acid on the multi-channel ITO array electrode chip respectively, and fig. 3(b) is a cyclic voltammetry curve and a linear relationship chart of 0-10 mM ascorbic acid in PBS buffer (pH 7.0). As can be seen from the figure, ascorbic acid has an irreversible oxidation peak, the peak potential is 1.3V, and the magnitude of the peak current is proportional to the concentration of ascorbic acid. The nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention can be used for measuring ascorbic acid.
As shown in attached figure 4, a cyclic voltammetry curve chart of nitrite determination for the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention is specifically 1 multiplied by 10-4Cyclic voltammogram of mol/L nitrite in boric acid-borax buffered base solution (pH 7.4). As can be seen from the figure, nitrite can not observe any oxidation reduction peak on a bare ITO electrode, but can obviously observe an irreversible oxidation peak on a multi-channel ITO array electrode chip, the peak current of the irreversible oxidation peak is obviously improved, and the peak shape is sharp. The nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention has obvious electrocatalysis effect on nitrite.
As shown in attached figure 5, the multi-component detection cyclic voltammetry curve of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention is specifically that about 0.3mL of potassium ferricyanide solution is dripped in the center of the chip for detection. As can be seen from the figure, the cyclic voltammetry responses of the potassium ferricyanide probe can be obtained on the eight working electrodes simultaneously, the peak currents of the responses are basically consistent, and the ratio of the redox peak currents is approximately 1, which indicates that the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention has good electrode performance, and the eight working electrodes have similar electrode properties and can be used for simultaneous determination of multi-component substances.
The invention utilizes the photoetching technology and combines a three-electrode system to prepare a multi-channel ITO electrode, and then adopts an electrodeposition method to modify nano gold particles to obtain the multi-channel ITO array electrode chip. The multichannel ITO array electrode chip can be applied to electrochemical immunosensors, can be particularly used for rapidly detecting substances such as biological micromolecules such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and the like and nitrite and can realize simultaneous determination of multi-component substances.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the photoetching technology and the electrodeposition method to modify the nano gold particles on the surface of the ITO electrode, and designs the multichannel ITO array integrated sensing chip, thereby greatly improving the detection sensitivity and selectivity and simultaneously realizing the simultaneous determination of multi-component substances.
(2) The multichannel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention can be applied to the detection of biomolecular substances such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and nitrite, and can be used in the fields of electrochemical immunosensors and biomedical sensing.
(3) The preparation process is simple, the detection method is easy to operate, the nano material electrode can be controllably, repeatedly and conveniently processed, the prepared ITO array electrode is disposable and disposable, the cost is lower, the process is simple, the on-site measurement can be carried out by combining a small electrochemical workstation, the method is convenient and fast, and the industrialization is facilitated.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the invention, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained on the basis of the following drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel disposable ITO array electrode chip template prepared by the invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of (a) cyclic voltammetry curve and (b) linear relationship between ascorbic acid concentration and oxidation peak current of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention for determining ascorbic acid;
FIG. 4 is a cyclic voltammetry curve diagram of nitrite measurement of a nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a multi-component cyclic voltammetry curve diagram of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A preparation method of a nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO (indium tin oxide) array electrode chip comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a multi-channel ITO electrode by using a photoetching technology:
cleaning an electrode material: ultrasonically cleaning the ITO glass in absolute ethyl alcohol and secondary water for 5min respectively, and naturally drying at room temperature;
glue homogenizing: putting the cleaned conductive surface of the ITO glass on a spin coater to spin a photoresist, wherein the photoresist precoating speed is 1800rpm, the photoresist coating time is 18s, the photoresist coating speed is 3000rpm, and the photoresist coating time is 30 s;
pre-baking: placing the ITO glass subjected to photoresist spin coating in a 90 ℃ oven for heating and baking for 20 min;
exposure: covering the mask on the ITO glass subjected to pre-baking treatment, and exposing for 7min under an ultraviolet lamp;
and (3) developing: placing the exposed ITO glass in 0.25% NaOH solution for developing treatment for 3 min;
hardening the film: placing the developed ITO glass in an oven at 120 ℃, and hardening for 15 min;
etching and removing photoresist: placing the hardened ITO glass in a nitric acid-hydrochloric acid-water solution with the volume ratio of 6: 100 for corrosion, performing corrosion treatment for 6min under the assistance of ultrasonic waves, and then performing ultrasonic cleaning by using ethanol and secondary water.
S2, using the working electrode of the multi-channel ITO electrode as the working electrode, externally connecting a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, using silver-silver chloride as a reference electrode, and placing the multi-channel ITO electrode into a solution containing 0.2M Na2SO41mM HAuCl in solution4Cyclic voltammetric scanning treatment was performed in solution.
Example 2
A preparation method of a nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO (indium tin oxide) array electrode chip comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a multi-channel ITO electrode by using a photoetching technology:
cleaning an electrode material: ultrasonically cleaning the ITO glass in absolute ethyl alcohol and secondary water for 5min respectively, and naturally drying at room temperature;
glue homogenizing: putting the cleaned conductive surface of the ITO glass on a spin coater to spin a photoresist, wherein the photoresist precoating speed is 1800rpm, the photoresist coating time is 18s, the photoresist coating speed is 3000rpm, and the photoresist coating time is 30 s;
pre-baking: placing the ITO glass subjected to photoresist spin coating in a 90 ℃ oven for heating and baking for 20 min;
exposure: covering the mask on the ITO glass subjected to pre-baking treatment, and exposing for 7min under an ultraviolet lamp;
and (3) developing: placing the exposed ITO glass in 0.25% NaOH solution for developing treatment for 3 min;
hardening the film: placing the developed ITO glass in an oven at 120 ℃, and hardening for 15 min;
etching and removing photoresist: placing the hardened ITO glass in a nitric acid-hydrochloric acid-water solution with the volume ratio of 6: 100 for corrosion, performing corrosion treatment for 6min under the assistance of ultrasonic waves, and then performing ultrasonic cleaning by using ethanol and secondary water.
S2, using the working electrode of the multi-channel ITO electrode as the working electrode, externally connecting a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, using silver-silver chloride as a reference electrode, and placing the multi-channel ITO electrode into a solution containing 0.2M Na2SO41.5mM HAuCl in solution4Cyclic voltammetric scanning treatment was performed in solution.
Example 3
A preparation method of a nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO (indium tin oxide) array electrode chip comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a multi-channel ITO electrode by using a photoetching technology:
cleaning an electrode material: ultrasonically cleaning the ITO glass in absolute ethyl alcohol and secondary water for 5min respectively, and naturally drying at room temperature;
glue homogenizing: putting the cleaned conductive surface of the ITO glass on a spin coater to spin a photoresist, wherein the photoresist precoating speed is 1800rpm, the photoresist coating time is 18s, the photoresist coating speed is 3000rpm, and the photoresist coating time is 30 s;
pre-baking: placing the ITO glass subjected to photoresist spin coating in a 90 ℃ oven for heating and baking for 20 min;
exposure: covering the mask on the ITO glass subjected to pre-baking treatment, and exposing for 7min under an ultraviolet lamp;
and (3) developing: placing the exposed ITO glass in 0.25% NaOH solution for developing treatment for 3 min;
hardening the film: placing the developed ITO glass in an oven at 120 ℃, and hardening for 15 min;
etching and removing photoresist: placing the hardened ITO glass in a nitric acid-hydrochloric acid-water solution with the volume ratio of 6: 100 for corrosion, performing corrosion treatment for 6min under the assistance of ultrasonic waves, and then performing ultrasonic cleaning by using ethanol and secondary water.
S2, using the working electrode of the multi-channel ITO electrode as the working electrode, externally connecting a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, using silver-silver chloride as a reference electrode, and placing the multi-channel ITO electrode into a solution containing 0.3M Na2SO42.0mM HAuCl in solution4Cyclic voltammetric scanning treatment was performed in solution.
Example 4
The determination of ascorbic acid by the nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip comprises the following steps:
the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared in example 1 was put into PBS buffer solutions (pH 7.0) containing 0mM and 2mM ascorbic acid, respectively, and subjected to cyclic voltammetry, to obtain fig. 3.
The nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared in the same batch as in example 1 was placed in a PBS buffer (pH 7.0), ascorbic acid was added dropwise in a concentration range of 0 to 10mM, and cyclic voltammetry was performed, to obtain fig. 4 in which a linear correlation coefficient was 0.995.
And testing the reliability of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip.
Taking a conventional vitamin C tablet, placing the conventional vitamin C tablet in a mortar for quick grinding, quickly dissolving the conventional vitamin C tablet in distilled water, fixing the volume, respectively numbering and testing sample solutions obtained from each vitamin C tablet, wherein the sample solutions have the same specification, and continuously testing each sample solution twice under the same condition by using a standard addition recovery method to obtain the following table 1.
TABLE 1 reliability test of multichannel ITO array electrode chip
The data show that the recovery rate of the nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention for measuring ascorbic acid is between 96.7 and 106.5 percent, and the reliability is higher.
And testing the repeatability of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip.
The same multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared in example 1 was repeatedly measured for ascorbic acid solutions of different concentrations (using VC sheet sample solutions) respectively 7 times, wherein the ascorbic acid concentration in sample C was 0.1079mM, and the ascorbic acid concentration in sample D was 0.3885mM, and the test results were as shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 repeatability test (relative standard deviation between groups) of multichannel ITO array electrode chips
The data show that the relative average deviation of the nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention for measuring the low-concentration ascorbic acid is between 4.9 and 16.3 percent, the relative average deviation of the nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip for measuring the high-concentration ascorbic acid is between 2.9 and 5.8 percent, and the reproducibility is high.
The 7 multichannel ITO array electrode chip samples D prepared in the same batch of example 1 were subjected to repeated measurement to test their repeatability, which resulted in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 repeatability test (relative standard deviation between lots) of multichannel ITO array electrode chips
The data show that the relative average deviation of the preparation repeatability of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention between batches is 4.8-7.1%, and the repeatability is excellent.
Example 5
The determination of nitrite by the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip comprises the following steps:
the multi-channel ITO array electrode chip modified by the nano-gold prepared in the example 1 is placed into a substrate containing 1 × 10 nano-gold-4Cyclic voltammetry was performed in a boric acid-borax buffered base solution (pH 7.4) with mol/L nitrite to give figure 4. The nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention has obvious electrocatalysis effect on nitrite, and can be used for measuring trace nitrite in water and food.
Example 6
And (3) testing the performance of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip:
and (3) dripping about 0.3mL of potassium ferricyanide solution into the center of the nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared in the embodiment 1, and detecting by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method to obtain the attached figure 5. The result shows that the cyclic voltammetry responses of the potassium ferricyanide probe can be obtained on the eight working electrodes simultaneously, the peak currents of the responses are basically consistent, the ratio of the redox peak currents is approximately 1, and the nano-gold modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip prepared by the invention has good electrode performance, and the eight working electrodes have similar electrode properties and can be used for simultaneous determination of multi-component substances.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should take the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand. The technical details not described in detail in the present invention can be implemented by any of the prior arts in the field. In particular, all technical features of the invention which are not described in detail can be achieved by any prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip is characterized in that eight working electrodes are integrated on the same electrode of the chip, and a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode which are shared are arranged on the chip; the working electrode has similar electrode properties and can be used for simultaneous determination of multi-component substances.
2. The nanogold-modified multichannel ITO array electrode chip according to claim 1, wherein the chip comprises an electrode substrate and an electrode modification layer, wherein the electrode substrate is an ITO electrode, the electrode modification layer is a nanogold modification layer, the electrode modification layer is modified on the working electrode, the reference electrode is modified on silver-silver chloride, and the auxiliary electrode is modified on platinum.
3. The preparation method of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip as claimed in claims 1 to 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a multi-channel ITO electrode by utilizing a photoetching technology;
s2, carrying out surface modification on the multichannel ITO electrode by adopting an electrodeposition method, and preparing the multichannel ITO array electrode chip modified by the nano gold particles.
4. The method for preparing the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip according to claim 3, wherein in the step S1, the method for preparing the multi-channel ITO electrode specifically comprises the following steps:
cleaning an electrode material: ultrasonically cleaning the ITO glass in absolute ethyl alcohol and secondary water for 5min respectively, and naturally drying at room temperature;
glue homogenizing: putting the cleaned conductive surface of the ITO glass on a spin coater to spin a photoresist, wherein the photoresist precoating speed is 1800rpm, the photoresist coating time is 18s, the photoresist coating speed is 3000rpm, and the photoresist coating time is 30 s;
pre-baking: placing the ITO glass subjected to photoresist spin coating in a 90 ℃ oven for heating and baking for 20 min;
exposure: covering the mask on the ITO glass subjected to pre-baking treatment, and exposing for 7min under an ultraviolet lamp;
and (3) developing: placing the exposed ITO glass in 0.25% NaOH solution for developing treatment for 3 min;
hardening the film: placing the developed ITO glass in an oven at 120 ℃, and hardening for 15 min;
etching and removing photoresist: placing the hardened ITO glass in a nitric acid-hydrochloric acid-water solution with the volume ratio of 6: 100 for corrosion, performing corrosion treatment for 6min under the assistance of ultrasonic waves, and then performing ultrasonic cleaning by using ethanol and secondary water.
5. The method for preparing the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip according to claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the electrodeposition method specifically comprises the following steps: taking a working electrode of the multi-channel ITO electrode as a working electrode, an external platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, silver-silver chloride as a reference electrode, and putting the multi-channel ITO electrode into a solution containing 0.2M Na2SO41mM HAuCl in solution4Cyclic voltammetric scanning treatment was performed in solution.
6. The use of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip of claim 1 in an electrochemical immunosensor.
7. The application of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip in an electrochemical immunosensor according to claim 6, wherein the chip can be used for measuring small biological molecules, particularly ascorbic acid and dopamine.
8. The use of the nanogold-modified multi-channel ITO array electrode chip of claim 6 in an electrochemical immunosensor is characterized in that the chip can be used for determination of water and food, particularly determination of nitrite.
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