CN112344372A - Design method of carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulating cooling system - Google Patents
Design method of carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulating cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112344372A CN112344372A CN202011248458.0A CN202011248458A CN112344372A CN 112344372 A CN112344372 A CN 112344372A CN 202011248458 A CN202011248458 A CN 202011248458A CN 112344372 A CN112344372 A CN 112344372A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method of a carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulating cooling system, and belongs to the technical field of engines. According to the scheme, the high-temperature solid wall surface is cooled by carbon dioxide, so that the solid material is kept to work in a safe temperature range all the time; the carbon dioxide can be used for driving the high-temperature turbine pump to do work after absorbing heat; after the work is done, the carbon dioxide is cooled by the hydrocarbon fuel, so that the cooling capacity of the hydrocarbon fuel is effectively utilized, and the problem of coking deposition caused in the process of directly utilizing the hydrocarbon fuel to carry out high-temperature heat exchange is effectively avoided. On one hand, the system can utilize hydrocarbon fuel to cool the high-temperature wall surface of the combustion chamber, and fully utilizes the heat absorption capacity of the fuel; and in addition, the heat on the wall surface of the combustion chamber can be converted into mechanical work through a turbine device to supply partial electric energy, so that the energy of the whole thermal management system can be reasonably utilized. The system can be effectively applied to the environment needing high-temperature safe heat exchange.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a design method of a carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulating cooling system.
Background
With the further improvement of the performance requirement of the engine in the future, the temperature in the combustion chamber of the engine is further increased, which inevitably leads to the requirement of further increasing the tolerance temperature of the structural material of the combustion chamber, and on the basis of not increasing additional equipment and weight, the adoption of the fuel for the engine as the coolant to cool the high-heat wall surface of the combustion chamber is a feasible way. The fuel for the engine is generally hydrocarbon fuel, the wall temperature is reduced to a large extent by the heat exchange energy of the fuel flowing in the tiny dense channels on the wall surface of the combustion chamber, on one hand, the fuel plays an important role in the heat protection of the structure of the combustion chamber of the engine, and on the other hand, the service life and the reliability of the combustion chamber can be improved to a certain extent along with the reduction of the structure temperature.
The patent with publication number CN 106322436 a mentions a method for performing regenerative cooling on the wall surface of a combustion chamber by using fuel, which uses fuel as coolant, absorbs the heat released by the combustion chamber by using fuel, and heats the heat to a certain temperature, thereby cracking the heat into small molecule inflammable substances, entering the combustion chamber for further combustion, and releasing the absorbed heat to the combustion chamber, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and simultaneously cooling the wall surface of the combustion chamber, and simultaneously, using the advantages of large specific surface area of micro-channels and micro-scale effect to enhance heat exchange, improving the heat exchange effect of the fuel, reducing the temperature and temperature gradient of the wall surface of the combustion chamber, further solving the problem of overlarge thermal stress, and realizing effective thermal protection of the combustion chamber. When the combustion chamber works, fuel enters the microchannel plate through a fuel inlet of the top cover plate, flows through the parallel arrangement and equidistant microchannel structures arranged on the microchannel plate, flows out through a fuel outlet of the top cover plate after heat exchange of the microchannel structures, is sprayed into the combustion cavity through a fuel nozzle arranged at the front end of the combustion cavity, is atomized in the spraying process, is mixed with gas flowing in through a side wall surface air inlet of the combustion cavity, and is ignited by high-energy sparks released by the ignition system to be stably combusted.
It is clear from the description of the patent that the solution is to directly use the high heat wall surface of the Fuel flowing through the combustion, the study in the documents [ Huang H, Tang X, Haas M.In-Situ Continuous coal Removal by Catalytic steel Gasification for Fuel-Cooled Thermal management. journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and powers, 2012,134(10):1-8 ] and [ Zhang Sao Wen, Hou Ling, MoSongkang, et al. The hydrocarbon fuel is easy to generate coking deposition phenomenon when the micro channel is heated and flows, the coking is irreversible, and the coking deposition layer in the micro channel is thicker and thicker along with the increase of the heating time until the pipeline is completely blocked, so that the combustion chamber cannot normally work until the combustion chamber is damaged. Therefore, the hydrocarbon fuel is directly utilized to cool the high-heat wall surface of the combustion chamber, although the high-heat wall surface can be thermally protected to a certain extent, the characteristic that the hydrocarbon fuel is easy to coke due to heating limits the popularization and the application of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to design a carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulation cooling system.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method for designing a carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulation cooling system, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a combustion chamber 1, a cooling passage 2, a power turbine 3, a heat exchanger 4, a compressor 5, a fuel tank 6, and a fuel supply pump 7;
wherein, the combustion chamber 1 is connected with the cooling channel 2; the hydrocarbon fuel after heat absorption is injected into the combustion chamber 1 to be mixed with air in the combustion chamber and then combusted to release heat; CO flowing in the cooling passage 2 of the wall surface of the combustion chamber 12The temperature T1 rises to T2 after absorbing the heat transferred by the combustion chamber 1 in a heat conduction way; the cooling channel 2 is connected with the power turbine 3; CO at the outlet of the cooling channel 22Injected into the power turbine 3 at a temperature T2 and a speed V2, the power turbine 3 being at CO2Driven to obtain expansion work; the power turbine 3 is connected with the heat exchanger 4; CO22The power turbine 3 is driven to do work and then flows into the heat exchanger 4 at the temperature T3 and the speed V3, and CO2Transferring heat to hydrocarbon fuel, CO, in a heat exchanger 42The temperature is reduced from T3 to T4, and the temperature of the hydrocarbon fuel is increased from Tf1 to Tf 2; the heat exchanger 4 is connected with the compressor 5; CO at the outlet of the heat exchanger 42Flows into the compressor 5 at a temperature T4 and a speed V4, and the hydrocarbon fuel at the outlet flows at Tf2Flows into the combustion chamber 1; the compressor 5 is connected with the combustion chamber 1; CO at the inlet of the compressor 52Compressing to convert CO2Is raised from P4 to P1 and injected into the cooling tunnel 2;
the fuel tank 6 and the fuel supply pump 7 are connected, and the fuel pump 7 and the heat exchanger 4 are also connected; the hydrocarbon fuel is stored in the fuel tank 6, pressurized by the fuel supply pump 7, and then injected into the heat exchanger 4;
three pieces of equipment, namely a power turbine 3, a compressor 5 and a fuel supply pump 7 are connected together through the same main shaft, and the power turbine 3 obtains work and then drives the compressor 5 and the fuel supply pump 7.
Preferably, the combustion chamber 1 and the cooling channel 2 are designed to be connected by a solid material.
Preferably, the cooling channel 2 and the power turbine 3 are designed to be connected by metal piping.
Preferably, the power turbine 3 and the heat exchanger 4 are connected by a metal pipe.
Preferably, the connection between the heat exchanger 4 and the compressor 5 is designed by means of metal pipes.
Preferably, the connection between the compressor 5 and the combustion chamber 1 is designed by means of metal pipes.
Preferably, the fuel tank 6 and the fuel supply pump 7 are designed to be connected by metal piping, and the fuel pump 7 and the heat exchanger 4 are also connected by metal piping.
Preferably, wherein the range of cycle parameters for the carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel is selected according to table 1:
TABLE 1CO2-hydrocarbonFuel cycle cooling parameter settings
The invention also provides a carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulating cooling system designed by using the method.
The invention also provides a working method of the system, which comprises the following steps: CO22Injecting the mixture into the wall surface cooling channel 2 of the combustion chamber at a certain temperature T1, pressure P1 and speed V1; absorbing heat transferred from combustion in the combustion chamber 1, raising the temperature to T2, and simultaneously increasing the speed to V2; then CO2Injected into the power turbine 3 to do work through expansion, and the CO after doing work2Flows into the heat exchanger 4 at a temperature T3, a pressure P3 and a velocity V3; CO after heat absorption of hydrocarbon fuel in the heat exchanger 42Cooling to T4, reducing the speed to V4, further compressing by the compressor 5, and then injecting into the wall surface cooling channel 2 of the combustion chamber for cooling again at the temperature of T1, the pressure of P1 and the speed of V1; realize CO2In the cyclic cooling process of (1), wherein in CO2During the circulation cooling process, the hydrocarbon fuel flows out from the fuel tank 6, is pressurized by the fuel supply pump 7 and then has a temperature Tf1And pressure Pf1CO injection2In the hydrocarbon fuel heat exchanger 4, absorbing the CO from2The temperature of the discharged heat rises to Tf2And then injected into the combustion chamber 1 to perform combustion heat release.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention adopts carbon dioxide to cool the high-temperature solid wall surface, and the solid material is kept to work in a safe temperature range all the time; the carbon dioxide can be used for driving the high-temperature turbine pump to do work after absorbing heat; after the work is done, the carbon dioxide is cooled by the hydrocarbon fuel, so that the cooling capacity of the hydrocarbon fuel is effectively utilized, and the problem of coking deposition caused in the process of directly utilizing the hydrocarbon fuel to carry out high-temperature heat exchange is effectively avoided. On one hand, the system can utilize hydrocarbon fuel to cool the high-temperature wall surface of the combustion chamber, and fully utilizes the heat absorption capacity of the fuel; and in addition, the heat on the wall surface of the combustion chamber can be converted into mechanical work through a turbine device to supply partial electric energy, so that the energy of the whole thermal management system can be reasonably utilized. The system can be effectively applied to the environment needing high-temperature safe heat exchange.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows CO provided by the present invention2-a hydrocarbon fuel cycle cooling schematic;
fig. 2a and 2b are schematic structural diagrams of a heat exchanger provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention adopts CO2Using CO as an intermediate cooling medium2Absorbing heat of high-heat wall surface of the combustion chamber, driving the power turbine to do work, and then carrying out CO treatment through hydrocarbon fuel2Further cooling, CO after cooling2After being pressurized by the compressor, the mixture enters the wall surface channel of the combustion chamber again to absorb heat.
Figure 1 shows a schematic of the cooling cycle of the present solution. Referring to fig. 1, in the method, a carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulation cooling system is designed to include: a combustion chamber 1, a cooling passage 2, a power turbine 3, a heat exchanger 4, a compressor 5, a fuel tank 6, and a fuel supply pump 7;
wherein the heat exchanger 4 is CO2-a hydrocarbon fuel heat exchanger 4; the combustion chamber 1 is connected with the cooling channel 2 through a solid material; the hydrocarbon fuel after heat absorption is injected into the combustion chamber 1 to be mixed with air in the combustion chamber and then combusted to release heat; the CO2 flowing in the cooling channel 2 on the wall surface of the combustion chamber 1 absorbs the heat transferred from the combustion chamber 1 in a heat conduction mode and then is increased to T2 from the temperature T1; the cooling channel 2 and the power turbine 3 are connected through a metal pipeline; CO at the outlet of the cooling channel 22Injected into the power turbine 3 at a temperature T2 and a speed V2, the power turbine 3 being at CO2Driven to obtain expansion work; the power turbine 3 and the heat exchanger 4 are connected through a metal pipeline; CO22The power turbine 3 is driven to do work and then flows into the heat exchanger 4 at the temperature T3 and the speed V3, the CO2 transfers heat to hydrocarbon fuel in the heat exchanger 4, and the CO2The temperature is reduced from T3 to T4, and the temperature of the hydrocarbon fuel is reduced from Tf1Is raised to Tf2(ii) a The heat exchanger 4 is connected with the compressor 5 through a metal pipeline; CO at the outlet of the solid line 8 (representing the CO2 flow line) in the heat exchanger 42Flows into the compressor 5 at a temperature T4 and a velocity V4, at T, with the hydrocarbon fuel at the exit of the dashed line 9 (representing the hydrocarbon fuel flow line)f2Flows into the combustion chamber 1; the compressor 5 is connected with the combustion chamber 1 through a metal pipeline; CO at the inlet of the compressor 52Compressing to convert CO2Is raised from P4 to P1 and injected into the cooling tunnel 2;
the fuel tank 6 and the fuel supply pump 7 are connected by a metal pipe, and the fuel pump 7 and the heat exchanger 4 are also connected by a metal pipe; the hydrocarbon fuel is stored in the fuel tank 6, pressurized by the fuel supply pump 7, and then injected into the heat exchanger 4;
three pieces of equipment, namely a power turbine 3, a compressor 5 and a fuel supply pump 7 are connected together through the same main shaft, and the power turbine 3 obtains work and then drives the compressor 5 and the fuel supply pump 7.
CO2(solid line 8 represents the CO2 flow path) is injected into the combustor wall cooling gallery 2 at a temperature T1, pressure P1, and velocity V1; absorbing heat transferred from combustion in the combustion chamber 1, raising the temperature to T2, and simultaneously increasing the speed to V2; then CO2Injected into the power turbine 3 to do work through expansion, and the CO after doing work2Flows into the heat exchanger 4 at a temperature T3, a pressure P3 and a velocity V3; CO after heat absorption of hydrocarbon fuel in the heat exchanger 42Cooling to T4, reducing the speed to V4, further compressing by the compressor 5, and then injecting into the wall surface cooling channel 2 of the combustion chamber for cooling again at the temperature of T1, the pressure of P1 and the speed of V1; realize CO2The cyclic cooling process of (1). Wherein in CO2During the circulation cooling process, the hydrocarbon fuel flows out from the fuel tank 6, is pressurized by the fuel supply pump 7 and then has a temperature Tf1And pressure Pf1Spraying into heat exchanger 4 to absorb CO2The temperature of the discharged heat rises to Tf2And then injected into the combustion chamber 1 to perform combustion heat release. The dashed line 9 represents the flow path of the hydrocarbon fuel.
The invention adopts the intermediate medium to cool the high-heat wall surface of the combustion chamber 1, and the intermediate medium has no coking risk in the wall surface channel of the combustion chamber 1, thereby effectively ensuring the working safety of the wall surface of the combustion chamber; selecting CO2As an intermediate medium, the comprehensive performance of the composite material is superior to that of other cooling media; CO22After the power turbine 3 is driven to do work, the generated mechanical work is enough to drive the compressor 5 and the fuel supply pump 7 to work; wherein the cycle parameter ranges of the carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel are selected according to table 1:
TABLE 1CO2-hydrocarbon fuel cycle cooling parameter settings
CO2Design of the hydrocarbon fuel heat exchanger 4, CO2In the opposite direction to the flow of hydrocarbon fuel, as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, CO2Flows through the fine round tube in the shell, and the hydrocarbon fuel directly flows in the shell.
The invention has the advantages that the wall surface of the combustion chamber is cooled by the carbon dioxide, and the thermodynamic parameters are uniquely determined due to the single cooling substance, so that the reliability of the cooling system is high during design; in addition, carbon dioxide does not interact with wall metal to generate coke deposits, so that the working safety of the wall of the cooling channel is high, and the service life is greatly prolonged; because the carbon dioxide after absorbing heat has the characteristics of high temperature and high pressure, the carbon dioxide has certain work-doing capacity, and when the carbon dioxide is designed according to the parameters listed in the table 1, the carbon dioxide can ensure that the output power of the carbon dioxide is enough for circulation and then has certain surplus for power generation or driving a fuel supply pump, and partial external input electric energy can be saved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for designing a carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulation cooling system, wherein the method is characterized in that the carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulation cooling system is designed to include: the system comprises a combustion chamber (1), a cooling channel (2), a power turbine (3), a heat exchanger (4), a compressor (5), a fuel tank (6) and a fuel supply pump (7);
wherein the combustion chamber (1) is connected with the cooling channel (2); the hydrocarbon fuel after heat absorption is injected into the combustion chamber (1) to be mixed with air in the combustion chamber and then combusted to release heat; CO flowing in a cooling channel (2) in the wall of a combustion chamber (1)2The temperature T1 rises to T2 after absorbing the heat transferred by the combustion chamber (1) in a heat conduction way; the cooling channel (2) is connected with the power turbine (3); CO at the outlet of the cooling channel (2)2Injecting the mixture into a power turbine (3) at a temperature T2 and a speed V2, wherein the power turbine (3) is in CO2Driven to obtain expansion work; the power turbine (3) is connected with the heat exchanger (4); CO22The power turbine (3) is driven to do work and then flows into the heat exchanger (4) at the temperature of T3 and the speed of V3, and CO2Transferring heat to hydrocarbon fuel, CO, in a heat exchanger (4)2The temperature is reduced from T3 to T4, and the temperature of the hydrocarbon fuel is increased from Tf1 to Tf 2; the heat exchanger (4) is connected with the compressor (5); CO at the outlet of the heat exchanger (4)2Flows into the compressor (5) at a temperature T4 and a speed V4, and the hydrocarbon fuel at the outlet flows into the compressor (5) at Tf2Flows into the combustion chamber (1); the compressor (5) is connected with the combustion chamber (1); CO at the inlet of the compressor (5)2Compressing to convert CO2Is raised from P4 to P1 and injected into the cooling channel (2);
the fuel tank (6) and the fuel supply pump (7) are connected, and the fuel pump (7) and the heat exchanger (4) are also connected; the hydrocarbon fuel is stored in a fuel tank (6), is pressurized by a fuel supply pump (7) and is injected into the heat exchanger (4);
three pieces of equipment, namely a power turbine (3), a compressor (5) and a fuel supply pump (7) are connected together through the same main shaft, and the power turbine (3) obtains work and then drives the compressor (5) and the fuel supply pump (7).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection between the combustion chamber (1) and the cooling channel (2) is designed by means of solid material.
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection between the cooling channel (2) and the power turbine (3) is designed by means of metal pipes.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the connection between the power turbine (3) and the heat exchanger (4) is designed by means of metal piping.
5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the connection between the heat exchanger (4) and the compressor (5) is designed to be made by means of metal piping.
6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the connection between the compressor (5) and the combustion chamber (1) is designed to be made by means of metal pipes.
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the connection between the fuel tank (6) and the fuel feed pump (7) is designed by means of metal tubing, as is the connection between the fuel pump (7) and the heat exchanger (4).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the range of cycle parameters for the carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel is selected according to table 1:
TABLE 1CO2-hydrocarbon combustionMaterial circulation cooling parameter setting
9. A carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel cycle cooling system designed using the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A method of operating the system of claim 9, comprising the steps of: CO22Injecting the mixture into the wall surface cooling channel (2) of the combustion chamber at a certain temperature T1, pressure P1 and speed V1; absorbing heat transferred by combustion in the combustion chamber (1), raising the temperature to T2, and simultaneously increasing the speed to V2; then CO2Injected into a power turbine (3) to do work by expansion, and CO after doing work2Flows into the heat exchanger (4) at a temperature T3, a pressure P3 and a speed V3; CO is absorbed by the hydrocarbon fuel in the heat exchanger (4)2Cooling to T4, reducing the speed to V4, further compressing by a compressor (5), and then injecting into the wall surface cooling channel (2) of the combustion chamber for cooling again at the temperature of T1, the pressure of P1 and the speed of V1; realize CO2In the cyclic cooling process of (1), wherein in CO2During the circulation cooling process, hydrocarbon fuel flows out of the fuel tank (6), is pressurized by the fuel supply pump (7) and then has a temperature Tf1And pressure Pf1CO injection2-absorption of CO from a hydrocarbon fuel heat exchanger (4)2The temperature of the discharged heat rises to Tf2And then the mixture is injected into the combustion chamber (1) for combustion and heat release.
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| CN202011248458.0A CN112344372A (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2020-11-10 | Design method of carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon fuel circulating cooling system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113803190A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-17 | 宁波天擎航天科技有限公司 | Solid fuel ramjet engine |
| CN114412644A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-29 | 北京空天技术研究所 | Liquid metal loop-based hydrocarbon fuel engine cooling method and system |
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| FR1052772A (en) * | 1951-06-30 | 1954-01-27 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Combustion process for combustion gas turbines |
| CN1761588A (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2006-04-19 | 瓦斯特能量系统有限公司 | Thermodynamic cycles using thermal diluent |
| CN107270326A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-20 | 三菱日立电力系统株式会社 | Gas turbine combustor |
| CN111102025A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-05 | 西北工业大学 | Supercritical carbon dioxide circulating power generation system suitable for regenerative cooling detonation combustion chamber |
| CN111379627A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-07-07 | 清华大学 | Gas turbine engine circulating system and circulating method |
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2020
- 2020-11-10 CN CN202011248458.0A patent/CN112344372A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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| FR1052772A (en) * | 1951-06-30 | 1954-01-27 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Combustion process for combustion gas turbines |
| CN1761588A (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2006-04-19 | 瓦斯特能量系统有限公司 | Thermodynamic cycles using thermal diluent |
| CN107270326A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-20 | 三菱日立电力系统株式会社 | Gas turbine combustor |
| CN111379627A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-07-07 | 清华大学 | Gas turbine engine circulating system and circulating method |
| CN111102025A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-05 | 西北工业大学 | Supercritical carbon dioxide circulating power generation system suitable for regenerative cooling detonation combustion chamber |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113803190A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-17 | 宁波天擎航天科技有限公司 | Solid fuel ramjet engine |
| CN113803190B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-08-26 | 宁波天擎航天科技有限公司 | Solid fuel ramjet engine |
| CN114412644A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-29 | 北京空天技术研究所 | Liquid metal loop-based hydrocarbon fuel engine cooling method and system |
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Application publication date: 20210209 |