CN112336500A - 一种可溶性多微针的药物支架 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在药物洗脱支架基础上的新式药物支架——一种可溶性多微针的药物支架。一种可溶性多微针药物支架,涉及药物支架领域,包括支架、凹槽、微针、球囊、鞘管、鞘管推送手柄、引导丝和支架手柄,所述支架是自膨式镍钛合金材质,所述微针是可溶性材料制备的,所述球囊为长筒形,所述鞘管有轴向的中空腔,包裹着支架,所述支架表面凹槽中镶入多微针阵列。本发明的组织用于治疗的药物吸收率较高,可溶解微针在短时间内快速溶解在病灶中,药物的有效性和精准性得到了显著的提高,采用鞘管的空腔结构,可释放和回收支架,以实现介入无植入的治疗理念。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物支架领域,尤其涉及一种可溶性多微针输送药物支架。
背景技术
血管狭窄作为心梗、脑卒中等疾病的重要诱因之一,对人类的生命健康构成了的巨大的威胁。长期以来,经过医疗工作者的不懈努力,针对血管狭窄逐渐形成了药物治疗、支架植入、球囊导管介入扩张血管成形等若干种方案。在支架介入血管成形时,直接作用于狭窄病灶,即刻恢复血管通畅;但血管经支架扩张之后,必然会改变局部的血流动力学环境,使得血流受到干扰而产生流动分离,在支架内部和支架周围形成低切应力区域和流动振荡区域,造成动脉粥样硬化和内膜增生而导致支架内再狭窄发生。
为了治疗血管狭窄和预防再狭窄,药物洗脱支架发展起来。药物洗脱支架是指表面涂有紫杉醇、雷帕霉素、雷帕霉素衍生物等的支架。狭窄血管一般在6~12个月内,将完成血管的修复和重塑。血管支架作为一种支撑装置,在血管扩张完成重塑之后也没有长期存在的必要。同时,支架与血管之间存在长期的生物不相容性,患者通常需要长期服用抗血小板药物预防血栓的形成,但仍存在其他风险,如炎症、过敏性反应和晚期支架血栓等病症。
随着介入无植入治疗理念的提出,在介入治疗使用可回收支架是一种符合介入无植入治疗理念的治疗方式。因此,本发明开发一种可溶性的多微针药物输送支架,支架为自膨式镍钛合金支架,在微针药物降解作用后通过鞘管回收到体外;配合多微针定点药物释放,提高了药物释放的效率,实现了治疗药物对病灶的定向释放,不仅降低了药物细胞毒性,也避免了药物过量的损失。总的来说,可溶性微针支架提高了药物的利用率和治疗精确性,具有临床应用价值。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是开发一种可定向释放药物的可溶性多微针药物输送支架,通过对支架结构的改进和加入带有治疗药物的可快速溶解多微针,提高了药物的利用率和治疗效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种可溶性多微针药物输送支架,其特征在于,包括支架、凹槽、微针、鞘管、引导丝、球囊、支架手柄和鞘管推送手柄;其中,所述支架是镍钛合金材质,所述微针优选为透明质酸和雷帕霉素纳米化颗粒混合在水溶液中制备的,所述球囊为长筒形,所述鞘管有轴向的中空腔,固定和保护支架 ,所述支架表面有凹槽结构,所述引导丝位于支架中轴,所述支架手柄可与液泵或气泵连接,所述鞘管推送手柄可以通过控制鞘管移动实现多微针药物支架的释放和回收。
本发明中的可溶性多微针的药物支架具有以下技术效果:
1.组织的药物吸收率较高:支架在输送过程中由鞘管保护,避免了在输送过程中的药物损失,通过支架的凹槽结构和球囊的支撑作用,锥形结构的微针刺入病灶内部溶解,病变组织吸收并用于治疗的药物更多;
2. 微针无残留治疗:通过多微针材质的优选,采用透明质酸制备微针,通过支架的凹槽结构和球囊的支撑作用,可溶性的微针刺入病灶部位,短时间内溶解并释放药物,治疗效果精准无残留;
3. 支架无残留治疗:支架只有在治疗过程中存在体内,通过加入鞘管和鞘管推送手柄,鞘管保护带有可溶性多微针的支架到达病灶后,使用鞘管推送手柄把鞘管拉开,释放出支架;待微针治疗结束之后,使用鞘管推送手柄把鞘管复原,把支架收入鞘管,再取出体外,避免了支架滞留的危害;
以下将结合附图和具体实例对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1 是本发明的自膨式支架压握后被束缚在鞘管中的局部结构图。
图2 是本发明一种可溶性多微针的药物支架释放后的结构图。
图3 是本发明支架释放状态的结构图以及支架局部结构图。
图4 是本发明支架上凹槽的结构图。
图5 是本发明圆锥体微针和衬底的结构图。
图6 是本发明多面锥体微针和衬底的结构图。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施例。
实施例1
实施例1的支架结构结合图1、图2、图3、图4和图5所示,由1-鞘管,2-束缚块,3-支架,4-球囊,5-微针,6-引导丝,7-支架手柄,8-鞘管推送手柄以及凹槽构成。所述支架是由自膨式镍钛合金构成的交叉网格状单元连接组成的,每个交叉网格状单元由两个长为900 μm,宽为100 μm,厚为100 μm的支架单元组成,支架长为30 mm,外径为3 mm。在每个支架单元表面上有4个130 μm长、80 μm宽和30 μm深的凹槽,组成支架—凹槽结构,每个支架单元上的凹槽的表面积占对应单元支架外表面积的46.22%,如图4所示;制备雷帕霉素药物浓度为5 μg/mm2的支架,取1.41mg纳米化的雷帕霉素加入到平均分子量为100 kDa的透明质酸配置的300 mg/mL的水溶液中,得到混合溶液然后制备可溶性微针,所述微针是圆锥体,如图5所示,底部直径为30 μm,高度为60 μm,尖端直径为2 μm;微针生长在衬底上,每个衬底上有2排微针,每排4个微针,其中衬底长度为130 μm、宽度为80 μm和高度为30 μm。
微针衬底和凹槽接触面通过30%(m/V)碘海醇水溶液连结,微针衬底上表面和支架外表面平行,微针垂直于支架裸露在外面,压握后的多微针药物支架通过束缚块被束缚在鞘管中,避免了支架发生扩张,且支架上的微针与鞘管内壁有一定的间距。
支架进入血管病变部位过程中,鞘管保护支架到达病灶后,防止可溶性的微针在非病灶部位溶解,使用鞘管推送手柄把鞘管拉开,释放支架;然后给球囊加压给支架提供支撑力,支架外表面上的微针刺入病灶,在病灶内部溶解释放药物,衬底表面与病灶接触表面接触并释放药物,球囊保持压强60 s,待球囊泄压后使用鞘管推送手柄复原鞘管,把支架收入鞘管内部,随后取出体外。随后,剪取血管中微针治疗后的病变组织,病变组织经过处理后,用高效液相色谱仪测试病变组织中药物的即刻浓度。
实例2
实例2支架的组成结构、支架在血管中输送过程、微针在病变处作用过程和药物即刻浓度的测试过程同实施例1一样,支架长度为18 mm,外径为2 mm,支架单元的长为900 μm,宽为90 μm,厚为90 μm。在支架单元表面上有100 μm长、60 μm宽和40 μm深的凹槽,每个支架单元上的凹槽的表面积占对应单元支架外表面积的29.63%;制备雷帕霉素药物浓度为2 μg/mm2的支架,在制备可溶性微针的混合水溶液中加入的纳米化雷帕霉素为0.23 mg,所述微针底部直径为25 μm,高度为50 μm,尖端直径为2 μm;衬底尺寸和凹槽尺寸大小相同。
实施例3
实施例3 支架的组成结构、支架长度、外径、支架单元参数、支架单元上的凹槽参数、支架在血管中输送过程、药物浓度、微针在病变处作用过程、衬底的参数以及药物即刻浓度的测试过程同实施例1一样,微针是多面锥体的,高度为60 μm,其底面是边长为15 μm的正六边形,顶面是边长为1 μm的正六边形,侧面是等大小的6个等腰梯形,如图6所示。
实施例4
实施例4 支架的组成结构、支架在血管中输送过程、微针在病变处作用过程和药物即刻浓度的测试过程同实施例1一样,药物浓度、支架外直径、支架单元参数、支架单元上的凹槽参数以及衬底的参数都和实施例2一样,微针是多面锥体的,微针高度为50 μm,其底面是边长为12.5 μm的正六边形,顶面是边长为1 μm的正六边形,侧面是等大小的6个等腰梯形。
对比例1
对比例1支架在血管中输送过程、药物即刻浓度的测试过程同实施例1一样,支架的组成结构中不包括微针结构,吸取纳米化雷帕霉颗粒悬浮水溶液,加入到30%(m/V)碘海醇水溶液中,使用凹槽填充技术,将药液滴注到支架上表面的凹槽结构中,支架上雷帕霉素药物浓度为5 μg/mm2。
对比例2
对比例2支架在血管中输送过程、药物即刻浓度的测试过程同实施例1一样,支架的组成结构中不包括凹槽和微针结构,吸取纳米化雷帕霉颗粒悬浮水溶液,加入到30%(m/V)碘海醇水溶液中,使用超声喷涂的方法,将药液直接喷涂在支架表面上形成药物涂层,支架上的雷帕霉素药物浓度为5 μg/mm2。
用PBS溶液分别测试实施例1~4中的可溶性微针;实时观察并记录对应实施例微针完全溶解的时间;用高效液相色谱仪的外标法测试病变组织中的雷帕霉素药物含量,并根据对应案例中的支架参数计算出实施例1~4和对比例1~2支架上药物的浓度和组织吸收药物浓度/初始药物浓度的百分比,也就是组织药物吸收率,结果如表1所示。
表1可溶性微针的溶解时间、组织药物即刻浓度和组织药物吸收率表
注:表1中“—”表示没有测试值。
要说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的具体实施方式,而不是用于限制本申请的保护范围(即非限制本发明的技术方案),按照实施例给出的技术方案(原料、结构)可生产出任一多微针的药物支架,尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种带有可溶性多微针的药物支架,其特征在于:包括可回收镍钛合金支架、支架外表面刻有方形的凹槽、镶入凹槽的可溶性微针、支撑支架的球囊、回收支架的鞘管、鞘管推送手柄、引导丝和支架手柄等结构。
2.根据权力要求1所述的支架,其特征为:外形为管状,长为18~30 mm,外径为2~3 mm,由自膨式镍钛合金支架单元构成的交叉网格结构,其中每个支架单元长为900 μm,宽为90~100 μm,厚为90~100 μm。
3.根据权力要求1所述的凹槽,其特征为: 外形为方形,长为100~130 μm、宽为60~80 μm、深为20~50 μm,在每个支架单元表面上刻有4个凹槽结构,在支架单元的网格交点上没有凹槽结构,每个支架单元凹槽的上表面积占对应支架单元外表面积的29.63%~46.22%。
4.根据权力要求1所述的可溶性微针,其特征在于:可溶性微针有微针和衬底两部分构成,其中,微针是由可溶性材料和药物混合水溶液或者乙醇溶液制备的,衬底仅由可溶性材料制备,微针有实心圆锥体或实心多面锥体两种型状,其中底部直径为10~30 μm,高度为50-60 μm,尖端直径为1~5 μm,微针生长在衬底上,每个衬底上有2~4排微针,每排3~5个微针,衬底为方形,长度为100~130 μm、宽度为60~80 μm、高度为20~50 μm,可溶性微针用粘合剂粘合在凹槽内部,衬底上表面和支架外表面平齐。
5.根据权力要求1所述的球囊,其特征在于:外形为长筒形,球囊加压后用于支撑自膨展开后的支架,同时增加支架外表面的微针刺入病灶中的作用力。
6.根据权力要求1所述的鞘管,其特征在于:外形为管状,有轴向的中空腔用于固定支架,保证支架在输送给到病灶部位过程中微针不接触血液,避免微针在非病灶部位溶解。
7.根据权力要求1所述的鞘管推送手柄,和鞘管连接,通过控制鞘管移动,可释放和回收支架。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备微针的可溶性材料,其特征在于:可溶性材料为透明质酸、羧甲基纤维,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,葡聚糖,软骨素硫酸盐中的任意一种或其中的两种或多种。
9.根据权利要求4所述的制备微针的药物,其特征在于,药物为地塞米松/氟美松、环内酷类免疫抑制剂、大环内酷类抗生素、雷帕霉素、雷帕霉素的结构衍生物、紫杉醇、紫杉醇的结构衍生物中的任意一种或其中的两种或多种,支架上药物的浓度为2~5 μm/mm2。
10.根据权利要求4所述的粘合剂,其特征在于,粘合剂为碘普罗胺、碘海醇、碘佛醇、尿素、聚乙二醇、丁酰柠檬酸三正己酯、虫胶、葡聚糖、聚山梨酯、山梨糖醇、吐温20、吐温60、吐温80中的任意一种或其中的两种或多种。
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