CN112323480A - 制备空气净化用棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了制备空气净化用棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,包括如下步骤:配置氧化锌前驱体溶液;将光催化纳米颗粒用去离子水分散,超声震荡得到分散液,将纤维毡浸渍于分散液中超声,然后烘干;将纤维毡放入氧化锌前驱体溶液中,随后放入微波快速反应合成器中进行退火,即得纤维表面被均匀的棒状光催化复合纳米颗粒包覆的复合纤维毡。本发明将氧化锌颗粒以前驱体混合液的形式分散附着在纤维表面,复合纤维毡特殊三维网状结构均匀负载紧密包覆光催化颗粒,增大了原有单一超细纤维的比表面积,增加了催化剂与细菌微生物的接触面积和参与氧化还原反应的活性位点数量,更高效捕获空气中的微生物颗粒实现快速光催化响应,实现光催化抗菌灭活。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气过滤纤维毡技术领域,具体涉及制备空气净化用棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法。
背景技术
高性能空气过滤器的发展不仅需要具有较强的捕获细颗粒污染物的能力,而且在需要抗菌处理的人口密集的场景中拥有十分重要的作用,如超市、医院等。过滤器的主要过滤原理是通过其三维网络结构,通过截留和静电吸附来捕获细小颗粒污染物。虽然高效空气净化可以捕获大部分细菌和病毒,但不能杀死捕获的微生物,研究表明,当条件合适时一些微生物可以在过滤器上生存繁殖。半导体光催化技术被广泛认为是空气净化中最有前途的技术之一,但同时实现优良的过滤效率和充分利用可见光达到快速光催化净化抗菌依然是一个巨大的难题。
发明内容
综上所述,本发明的目的在于提供制备空气净化用棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,以达到优异的空气过滤和可见光条件下的快速光催化抗菌响应。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:制备空气净化用棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,配置氧化锌前驱体溶液;
步骤2,将4mg/mL的光催化纳米颗粒用去离子水分散为50mL,超声震荡30min,得到分散液,将纤维毡浸渍于分散液中超声5min,然后烘干,烘干条件为120℃保持30min,浸渍烘干重复三次;
步骤3,将步骤2中的纤维毡放入步骤1中的氧化锌前驱体溶液中,随后放入微波快速反应合成器中进行退火,即得纳米棒状光催化颗粒复合纤维毡。
进一步的,步骤1配置氧化锌前驱体溶液的方法为:将氧化锌锌源溶解在去离子水里面,通过加入氨水控制沉淀析出,将沉淀抽滤并烘干,沉淀为锌氨络合物,再取沉淀抽滤的锌氨络合物加氨水和水配置成摩尔浓度为0.5-3.0mol/L的氧化锌前驱体溶液。
进一步的,步骤2中氧化锌锌源为硝酸锌六水合物、乙酸锌、硫酸锌、碳酸锌其中的一种或几种,通过控制微波反应温度和时间合成纳米级颗粒。
进一步的,步骤2中光催化纳米颗粒为石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯或石墨烯量子点中的一种或几种,颗粒直径为20-200nm。
进一步的,步骤2中超细玻璃纤维为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维,平均纤维直径为0.5-4μm。
进一步的,步骤3的氧化锌前驱体溶液中加入偶联剂,偶联剂选用KH560、三甲基氯硅烷、六甲基二硅烷中的一种或几种。
进一步的,步骤3的微波快速反应加热温度为120-200℃,反应时间为5-10min。
进一步的,步骤3中的退火工艺为H2氛围100℃-400℃退火1-4h。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明将氧化锌颗粒以前驱体混合液的形式分散附着在纤维表面,同时将光催化纳米颗粒和纤维一同置于氧化锌前驱体溶液微波超声分散,在不破坏复合纤维毡特殊三维网状结构的前提下,保留其优异的空气过滤性能的同时去均匀负载和紧密包覆的光催化颗粒。
2、氧化锌属于N型半导体,价带上的电子可以接受紫外线中的能量发生跃迁,同时氧化锌尺寸远小于紫外线的波长,氧化锌粒子就可以将作用在其上的紫外线向各个方向散射,从而减小照射方向的紫外线强度,使得氧化锌具有收敛性和一定的杀菌能力。
3、通过负载光催化颗粒后的纤维毡,光催化剂氧化锌在石墨烯基体上的均匀分散并附着在纤维棉毡表面,增加了催化剂与细菌微生物的接触面积,一定程度上增加了参与氧化还原反应的活性位点数量,以便更高效率捕获空气中的微生物颗粒实现快速光催化响应。
4、通过石墨烯量子点的引入,石墨烯量子点作为一种零维石墨烯材料,相较于氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯有更小的粒径,其晶格结构与石墨烯无异,但比表面积比石墨烯更大,活性也更高。除此以外,石墨烯量子点还具有良好的水溶性、无毒性及稳定的光致发光特性等,且属于碳材料,一定条件下可大量获得。同时石墨烯量子点外观极小因此内部电子在各个方向上的运动都会受到限制,从而表现出量子限域效应和边界效应,使其表现出更出色的电子传输能力,从而延长载流子寿命,所以能有效的较低氧化锌的光生载流子对的复合,使得于复合纤维毡能在可见光的条件下在短时间内对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌实现光催化抗菌灭活。
附图说明
图1为对比实施例制得的超细玻璃纤维复合毡放大20000倍显微组织图;
图2为实施例2制得的超细玻璃纤维复合毡放大25000倍显微组织图;
具体实施方式
以下实施例制备空气净化用棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,但本实施例不能用于限制本发明,凡是采用本发明的相似方法及其相似变化,均应列入本发明的保护范围。
纤维准备:对比实施例和实施例1-2的超细玻璃纤维选取的原料为按质量比称取63份石英砂、6.5份纯碱、3份钾长石、5钠长石、7份方解石、5硼砂、4白云石、1.5份碳酸钡、1份氧化锌和4份平板废玻璃,然后将选取制备超细玻璃纤维的原料混合均匀后投入到1460℃的窑炉中高温熔融成透明均匀的玻璃液,其中熔融均匀的玻璃液温度为1160℃,然后将透明均匀的玻璃液通过2条料道分别流过温度为1000℃、材质为PtRh10的铂铑合金漏板1和温度为990℃、材质为GH4169钴镍合金漏板2分别形成一次玻璃纤维丝,合金漏板1形成的一次玻璃纤维丝再经过温度为1020℃火焰喷吹炉头1形成叩解度为39±1的超细玻璃纤维;合金漏板2形成的一次玻璃纤维丝再经过温度为1005℃火焰喷吹炉头2形成叩解度为32±1的超细玻璃纤维。
实施例3的玄武岩纤维选取质量百分比组分为SiO2:53.5%,Al2O3:15%,Fe2O3:4%,FeO:7%,CaO:8%,Na2O:5.5%,K2O:2%,MgO:3.5%和TiO2:1.5%的纯天然玄武岩作为原料,经在1475℃的窑炉中高温熔融成均匀的熔浆,然后通过料道1250℃的玄武岩熔浆流入材质为PtRh10的400孔铂铑合金漏板,最后经过快速拉丝形成玄武岩纤维。
对比实施例:参见公开号CN111905452A实施例2制备出的一种光催化空气净化用超细玻璃纤维棉毡可以达到在可见光的条件下1h降解85%的10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液,定量80g/m2,过滤阻力125Pa,过滤效率80%,透气量190L/m2·min。
实施例1-3按照如下步骤实施:
制备空气净化用棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,配置氧化锌前驱体溶液:将乙酸锌溶解在去离子水里面,通过加入氨水控制沉淀析出,将沉淀抽滤并烘干,沉淀为锌氨络合物,再取沉淀抽滤的锌氨络合物加氨水和水配置成最佳摩尔浓度为2mol/L的氧化锌前驱体溶液;
步骤2,将4mg/mL的光催化纳米颗粒用去离子水分散为50mL,超声震荡30min,得到分散液,将超细纤维放入分散液中超声5min,然后烘干,烘干条件为120℃保持30min,浸渍烘干重复三次;
步骤3,将步骤2中的超细纤维放入步骤1中氧化锌前驱体溶液中,随后放入微波快速反应合成器进行退火,即得纳米棒状光催化颗粒复合纤维毡。
实施例1
步骤2中氧化锌锌源为硝酸锌六水合物和乙酸锌。步骤2中光催化纳米颗粒为纳米氧化石墨烯,颗粒直径为55nm。步骤2中超细纤维为平均直径为2.5μm的超细玻璃纤维。步骤3的氧化锌前驱体溶液中加入粘接剂。步骤3的微波快速反应加热温度为175℃,反应时间为6min。步骤3中的退火工艺为H2氛围275℃退火2.5h。最终制备出的空气净化用纳米棒状光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的光催化降解性能达到在可见光的条件下1h降解92%的10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液;空气过滤性能达到定量82g/m2,过滤阻力115Pa,过滤效率90%和透气量215L/m2·min;力学性能达到沿纤维长度方向为15N/25mm,沿纤维宽度方向为8.5N/25mm;结构特点为纤维表面被均匀的棒状光催化复合纳米颗粒包覆,比表面积由原有单一超细玻璃纤维的2.3641m2/g增大到均匀包覆棒状光催化复合纳米颗粒的7.3849m2/g。
实施例2
步骤2中,氧化锌锌源为硝酸锌六水合物、乙酸锌和硫酸锌。步骤2中光催化纳米颗粒为石墨烯量子点,颗粒直径为30nm。步骤2中超细纤维为平均直径为2μm的超细玻璃纤维。步骤3的微波快速反应加热温度为200℃,反应时间为5min。步骤3中的退火工艺为H2氛围375℃退火1.5h。最终制备出的空气净化用纳米棒状光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的光催化降解性能达到在可见光的条件下1h降解97%的10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液;空气过滤性能达到定量85g/m2,过滤阻力100Pa,过滤效率96%和透气量235L/m2·min;力学性能达到沿纤维长度方向为21N/25mm,沿纤维宽度方向为11N/25mm;结构特点为纤维表面被均匀的棒状光催化复合纳米颗粒包覆,比表面积由原有单一超细玻璃纤维的2.3641m2/g增大到均匀包覆棒状光催化复合纳米颗粒的9.2342m2/g。
实施例3
步骤2中,氧化锌锌源为硝酸锌六水合物和硫酸锌。步骤2中光催化纳米颗粒为还原氧化石墨烯,颗粒直径为30nm。步骤2中超细纤维为平均直径为2.5μm的超细玄武岩纤维。步骤3的微波快速反应加热温度为195℃,反应时间为5min。步骤3中的退火工艺为H2氛围385℃退火1.5h。最终制备出的空气净化用纳米棒状光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的光催化降解性能达到在可见光的条件下1h降解95%的10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液;空气过滤性能达到定量83g/m2,过滤阻力104Pa,过滤效率94%和透气量230L/m2·min;力学性能达到沿纤维长度方向为20N/25mm,沿纤维宽度方向为9N/25mm;结构特点为纤维表面被均匀的棒状光催化复合纳米颗粒包覆,比表面积由原有单一超细玻璃纤维的2.3641m2/g增大到均匀包覆棒状光催化复合纳米颗粒的8.7541m2/g。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限。
Claims (8)
1.制备空气净化用棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,配置氧化锌前驱体溶液;
步骤2,将4mg/mL的光催化纳米颗粒用去离子水分散为50mL,超声震荡30min,得到分散液,将纤维毡浸渍于分散液中超声5min,然后烘干,烘干条件为120℃保持30min,浸渍烘干重复三次;
步骤3,将步骤2中的纤维毡放入步骤1中的氧化锌前驱体溶液中,随后放入微波快速反应合成器中进行退火,即得纳米棒状光催化颗粒复合纤维毡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,其特征在于,步骤1配置氧化锌前驱体溶液的方法为:将氧化锌锌源溶解在去离子水里面,通过加入氨水控制沉淀析出,将沉淀抽滤并烘干,沉淀为锌氨络合物,再取沉淀抽滤的锌氨络合物加氨水和水配置成摩尔浓度为0.5 -3.0 mol/L的氧化锌前驱体溶液。
3.据权利要求2所述的制备棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,其特征在于,步骤2中氧化锌锌源为硝酸锌六水合物、乙酸锌、硫酸锌、碳酸锌其中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,其特征在于,步骤2中光催化纳米颗粒为石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯或石墨烯量子点中的一种或几种,颗粒直径为20-200nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,其特征在于,步骤2中超细玻璃纤维为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维,平均纤维直径为0.5-4μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,其特征在于,步骤3的氧化锌前驱体溶液中加入偶联剂,偶联剂选用KH560、三甲基氯硅烷、六甲基二硅烷中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,其特征在于,步骤3的微波快速反应加热温度为120-200℃,反应时间为5-10min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备棒状氧化锌光催化颗粒复合纤维毡的方法,其特征在于,步骤3中的退火工艺为H2氛围100℃-400℃退火1-4 h。
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