CN112321286A - 一种多层多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多层多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112321286A CN112321286A CN202011215480.5A CN202011215480A CN112321286A CN 112321286 A CN112321286 A CN 112321286A CN 202011215480 A CN202011215480 A CN 202011215480A CN 112321286 A CN112321286 A CN 112321286A
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 10
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019086 Mg-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910018605 Ni—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种多层多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法，具体涉及雾化器领域。所述材料由多层不同孔隙率和不同导热率的多孔陶瓷组成，各层之间通过烧结形成的无机连接层形成一体化复合材料。利用陶瓷材料包括若干层多孔陶瓷相互叠加形成，在烧结过程形成无机连接层，使制备的多层陶瓷形成一个整体，从而避免多孔陶瓷材料开裂、变形。保证复合材料形成一个统一的整体，提高材料的使用性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及雾化器领域，具体涉及一种多层多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
多孔陶瓷材料是一种具有开孔孔径、高开口气孔率的一种多孔性陶瓷材料，其具有耐高温、高压、抗酸碱腐蚀等优点，目前广泛的应用在环境保护、生物医疗、食品药品、新能源等领域，具有非常大的研究和使用价值。
在雾化设备领域，雾化芯是核心部件，雾化芯主要有传统的纤维棉雾化芯和新兴陶瓷雾化芯两种类型。相对于传统的纤维棉雾化，多孔陶瓷雾化芯雾化效果更佳细腻，高度还原雾化液的原本味道，还原度高，并且具有较好的连续性。同时能够节省电量的消耗，延长设备的电池使用时间。但是，目前使用的商业化使用的多孔陶瓷雾化芯有如下缺陷：(1)雾化芯的孔径单一，且分布不均，造成烟油分布不均匀，雾化量效果不佳。(2)雾化芯的锁油导油能力弱，雾化过程中雾化液供给不通畅，吸附自锁能力差。(3)多孔陶瓷本身热导率低，雾化芯中的加热丝的温度呈现加热丝附近温度高，边缘温度低的分布趋势，多孔陶瓷对热量的传输不一致，导致温度场分布不均匀，影响雾化液的物化效果。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种多层多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法，解决背景技术提出的至少一个技术问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一方面，提供一种多层多孔陶瓷材料，所述材料由多层不同孔隙率和不同导热率的多孔陶瓷组成，各层之间通过烧结形成的无机连接层形成一体化复合材料。
优选的，所述孔隙率基于陶瓷材料的成分和组分进行控制。
优选的，所述多层多孔陶瓷材料的孔径D50为2μm～15μm，多孔层的孔隙率大小为50％～70％。
优选的，所述多孔陶瓷包括氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化硅、氧化钇、碳化硅、氮化硼、氮化铝、氮化硅中的至少一种，且陶瓷粉体粒径D50为1μm～30μm。
优选的，各层多孔陶瓷材料内部添加微纳米高导热率材料，所述微纳米高导热率材料包括表面防氧化处理的合金粉，添加量为陶瓷粉料质量的1％～10％，合金粉的粒径D50为0.1μm～10μm。
优选的，所述多孔陶瓷还包括添加剂，且所述添加剂包括氧化铝、二氧化硅、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、氧化镁、碳酸镁中的至少一种；所述添加剂的添加量为陶瓷浆料质量的1％～10％，所述添加剂的粒径D50为1μm～10μm。
优选的，所述多孔陶瓷材料的各层之间的连接是通过多孔陶瓷烧结在界面处生成的无机材料，所述的无机物包括磷酸铝，硅酸铝盐和/或硅酸盐，所述无机材料的厚度为0.1μm～5μm。
优选的，还包括造孔剂，所述造孔剂包括空心玻璃、空心氧化硅、空心氧化铝、中空氧化锆、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢氨中的至少一种，所述造孔剂的添加量为陶瓷粉料质量的5％～20％，所述造孔剂的粒径D50为2μm～20μm。
另一方面，还提供一种多层多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，所述方法包括：
陶瓷粉料、添加剂、助溶剂、造孔剂和纳米高导热材料通过球磨、造粒、冷压成形工艺制成陶瓷坯体；
使用陶瓷粉料、添加剂、造孔剂和纳米高导热材料压制成陶瓷浆料；
陶瓷浆料和陶瓷坯体依次交替分布得到预复合材料；
将所述预复合材料进烧结，制备出多层多孔陶瓷复合材料。
优选的，采用喷涂法、旋涂法、提拉法、丝网印刷法、涂布法、3d打印法、浇筑法、流延法中任一种方法均匀的将陶瓷浆料涂覆在陶瓷坯体上。
(三)有益效果
本发明提供了一种多层多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法。与现有技术相比，具备以下有益效果：
(1)本发明提出利用陶瓷材料包括若干层多孔陶瓷相互叠加形成，在烧结过程形成无机连接层，使制备的多层陶瓷形成一个整体，从而避免多孔陶瓷材料开裂、变形。保证复合材料形成一个统一的整体，提高材料的使用性能。
(2)本发明利用增材制备方法在陶瓷材料表面形成多孔陶瓷层，能够形成陶瓷微孔孔径和孔隙率可控的复合多孔陶瓷复合材料，优化了多孔陶瓷材料的使用性能。控制微孔的大小和分布，从而增加多孔陶瓷的锁油导油能力，其次各层多孔陶瓷内部添加一定量的均匀分布的高导热材料，以提高多孔陶瓷的导热率，调控陶瓷材料内部的温度分布。使用金属微纳米粉作为热量的传播介质，降低多孔陶瓷材料在雾化加热方面热场分布不均匀的严重问题，每个微纳米粉在吸收热量后均可作为一个发热体，能够极大的降低周围温度的损失，使整个多孔陶瓷体温度场更加均匀。
附图说明
图1多层复合多孔陶瓷材料结构图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一方面，提供一种多层多孔陶瓷材料，所述材料由多层不同孔隙率和不同导热率的多孔陶瓷组成，各层之间通过烧结形成的无机连接层形成一体化复合材料。
上述实施例中，如下图1所示，利用陶瓷材料包括若干层多孔陶瓷相互叠加形成，在烧结过程形成无机连接层，使制备的多层陶瓷形成一个整体，从而避免多孔陶瓷材料开裂、变形。保证复合材料形成一个统一的整体，提高材料的使用性能。
优选的，所述多层多孔陶瓷材料的孔径D50为2μm～15μm，多孔层的孔隙率大小为50％～70％。
上述实施例中，利用增材制备方法在陶瓷材料表面形成多孔陶瓷层，能够形成陶瓷微孔孔径和孔隙率可控的复合多孔陶瓷复合材料，优化了多孔陶瓷材料的使用性能。
优选的，所述多孔陶瓷包括氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化硅、氧化钇、碳化硅、氮化硼、氮化铝、氮化硅中的至少一种，且陶瓷粉体粒径D50为1μm～30μm。
优选的，各层多孔陶瓷材料内部添加微纳米高导热率材料，所述微纳米高导热率材料包括表面防氧化处理的合金粉，添加量为陶瓷粉料质量的1％～10％，合金粉的粒径D50为0.1μm～10μm。
上述实施例中，使用金属微纳米粉作为热量的传播介质，降低多孔陶瓷材料在雾化加热方面热场分布不均匀的严重问题，每个微纳米粉在吸收热量后均可作为一个发热体，能够极大的降低周围温度的损失，使整个多孔陶瓷体温度场更加均匀。
优选的，所述多孔陶瓷还包括添加剂，且所述添加剂包括氧化铝、二氧化硅、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、氧化镁、碳酸镁中的至少一种；所述添加剂的添加量为陶瓷浆料质量的1％～10％，所述添加剂的粒径D50为1μm～10μm。
优选的，所述多孔陶瓷材料的各层之间的连接是通过多孔陶瓷烧结在界面处生成的无机材料，所述的无机物包括磷酸铝，硅酸铝盐和/或硅酸盐，所述无机材料的厚度为0.1μm～5μm。
具体的，陶瓷浆料中添加的氧化铝、氧化硅、磷酸二氢氨等原料在高温烧结的过程中会形成磷酸盐、硅酸盐等无机物，这类无机物相当于无机胶水一样，能够牢固的固定周围的物质，从而保证多孔陶瓷组成一个整体，且能够提升陶瓷本身的力学性能。如强度、硬度等。
优选的，还包括造孔剂，所述造孔剂包括空心玻璃、空心氧化硅、空心氧化铝、中空氧化锆、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢氨中的至少一种，所述造孔剂的添加量为陶瓷粉料质量的5％～20％，所述造孔剂的粒径D50为2μm～20μm。
具体的，上述实施例多层多孔陶瓷材料的孔隙率通过控制陶瓷材料的成分和组分进行精确化控制，多层排列的孔隙率成一定的关系，形成具有一定排列规律的复合多层多孔陶瓷材料。根据各层添加造孔剂的大小，可形成从内到外孔隙率依次增大或者依次减小，或者是设计的其他的孔隙率关系，具体的可以根据需要进行选择。
另一方面，还提供一种多层多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，所述方法包括：
陶瓷粉料、添加剂、助溶剂、造孔剂和纳米高导热材料通过球磨、造粒、冷压成形工艺制成陶瓷坯体；
使用陶瓷粉料、添加剂、造孔剂和纳米高导热材料压制成陶瓷浆料；
陶瓷浆料和陶瓷坯体依次交替分布得到预复合材料；
将所述预复合材料进烧结，制备出多层多孔陶瓷复合材料。
上述实施例中，复合多孔陶瓷的制备方法中，陶瓷粉料为氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化硅、氧化钇、碳化硅、氮化硼、氮化铝、氮化硅等其中的至少一种，陶瓷粉体粒径D50为1μm～30μm。添加剂包括为氧化铝、二氧化硅、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、氧化镁、碳酸镁等，添加剂的粒径D50为1μm～10μm。造孔剂包括空心玻璃、空心氧化硅、空心氧化铝、中空氧化锆、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢氨、多聚磷酸铵等，添加剂的粒径D50为1μm～10μm，添加量为陶瓷粉体质量的1％～10％。高导热材料包括微纳米合金粉，如Ag、Au、Al、Cu、Mg、Ni、Fe、Ti或Si等其中的至少两种组成的合金粉。添加量为陶瓷粉料质量的1％～10％，合金粉的粒径D50为0.1μm～10μm。形成陶瓷浆料2所使用的有机物包括有机溶剂(60wt％～90wt％)、分散剂(0.5wt％～10wt％)和粘结剂(1wt％～20wt％)等。有机溶剂包括纯水、甲醇、乙醇、聚丙醇、甲苯、丙酮等其中的至少一种，分散剂包括PSE系列分散剂、SD-05、DA-50、FS-20、D3005、D9000以及聚丙烯酸(PAA)酯、聚甲基苯烯酸(PMAA)盐等衍生物等其中的至少一种。粘结剂包括聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯脂，微晶石蜡、有机硅烷等。
层叠好的坯体，即陶瓷浆料和陶瓷坯体依次交替分布，将陶瓷浆料涂覆在陶瓷坯体表面，在放置陶瓷坯体，如此往复交替分布。具体可以根据需要选择层数。进而将层叠好的坯体放置在烧结炉中进行排胶、烧结，烧结方式是在空气氛围下进行排胶，排胶阶段升温速度为1-3℃/min，保温温度600℃～1000℃，保温时间1-48h，然后进行烧结阶段，烧结温度为1000℃～1400℃，升温速度为3-5℃/min，保温时间为12-48h
优选的，采用喷涂法、旋涂法、提拉法、丝网印刷法、涂布法、3d打印法、浇筑法、流延法中任一种方法均匀的将陶瓷浆料2涂覆在陶瓷坯体1上。
下面通过详细的实施例，进行说明：
实施例1：
(1)取一定量的氧化铝粉，粉体粒径D50为5μm，8wt％SiO2，8wt％空心氧化锆，5wt％磷酸二氢氨，3wt％TiO2和3wt％MgO2，3wt％Al-Mg-Cu合金粉，65％wt％无水乙醇，将以上原料使用球磨机就行球磨，球磨时间为2h，转速200r/min。
(2)将以上球磨浆料120℃下干燥，得到干燥后的陶瓷粉体添加一定量的5％PVA溶液，然后进行造粒，造粒粒径不做特别要求，能够保证冷压坯体具有一定的强度，压制样品不分层、无残缺等。
(3)将造粒后的粉体使用冷等静压或其他成型方法制成陶瓷坯体。
(4)取一定量的氧化铝粉，粉体粒径D50为5μm，5wt％SiO2，5wt％空心氧化铝，5wt％磷酸二氢氨，3wt％TiO2和3wt％MgO2，5wt％Al-Mg-Cu合金粉，50％wt％无水乙醇，聚丙烯酸钠40wt％，以及添加10wt％的5％PVA溶液，将以上原料使用球磨机就行球磨，球磨时间为2h，转速200r/min，得到分散均匀的浆料。
(5)将陶瓷坯体放入特制的模具中，通过浇筑法将上述浆料浇筑到陶瓷坯体的表面，形成5mm厚的陶瓷层，然后将模具放入300℃下烘烤2～12h，得到复合陶瓷材料。
(6)将上述的复合陶瓷材料放入烧结炉中进行除胶、烧结。烧结方式是在空气氛围下进行排胶，排胶阶段升温速度为1℃/min，保温温度800℃，保温时间12h，然后进行烧结阶段，烧结温度为1200℃，升温速度为3℃/min，保温时间为48h。
实施例2
(1)取一定量的ZrO2粉，粉体粒径D50为5μm，8wt％SiO2，8wt％空心玻璃粉，5wt％磷酸二氢氨，3wt％Al-Mg-Cu合金粉，3wt％TiO2和3wt％MgO2，65％wt％无水乙醇，将以上原料使用球磨机就行球磨，球磨时间为2h，转速200r/min。
(2)将以上球磨浆料120℃下干燥，得到干燥后的陶瓷粉体添加一定量的5％PVA溶液，然后进行造粒，造粒粒径不做特别要求，能够保证冷压坯体具有一定的强度，压制样品不分层、无残缺等。
(3)将造粒后的粉体使用冷等静压或其他成型方法制成陶瓷坯体。
(4)取一定量的Si3N4粉，粉体粒径D50为5μm，5wt％SiO2，5wt％空心玻璃粉，5wt％磷酸二氢氨，5wt％Cu-Ni-Zn合金粉，3wt％TiO2和3wt％MgO2，50％wt％无水乙醇，聚丙烯酸钠40wt％，以及添加10wt％的5％PVA溶液，将以上原料使用球磨机就行球磨，球磨时间为2h，转速200r/min，得到分散均匀的浆料。
(5)将陶瓷坯体放入特制的模具中，通过浇筑法将上述浆料浇筑到陶瓷坯体的表面，形成5mm厚的陶瓷层，然后将模具放入300℃下烘烤2～12h，得到复合陶瓷材料。
(6)将上述的复合陶瓷材料放入烧结炉中进行除胶、烧结。烧结方式是在空气氛围下进行排胶，排胶阶段升温速度为1℃/min，保温温度800℃，保温时间12h，然后进行烧结阶段，烧结温度为1300℃，升温速度为3℃/min，保温时间为48h。
测试方法：
孔隙率测试：参照GB/T1966-1996多孔陶瓷显气孔率、容重试验方法
热导率测试：利用激光热扩散/导热系数测试仪测试多孔陶瓷的热导率
渗透率：按GB/T1969-1996《多孔陶瓷渗透率试验方法》多孔陶瓷材料的渗透率。详细的测试结果下表所示：
能够知晓，本申请上述方法制备得到的材料在热导率，渗透率，抗压强度以及维氏硬度方面均具有良好的表现。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种多层多孔陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述材料由多层不同孔隙率和不同导热率的多孔陶瓷组成，各层之间通过烧结形成的无机连接层形成一体化复合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述多层多孔陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述孔隙率基于陶瓷材料的成分和组分进行控制。
3.如权利要求1所述多层多孔陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述多层多孔陶瓷材料的孔径D50为2μm～15μm，多孔层的孔隙率大小为50％～70％。
4.如权利要求1所述多层多孔陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述多孔陶瓷包括氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化硅、氧化钇、碳化硅、氮化硼、氮化铝、氮化硅中的至少一种，且陶瓷粉体粒径D50为1μm～30μm。
5.如权利要求4所述多层多孔陶瓷材料，其特征在于，各层多孔陶瓷材料内部添加微纳米高导热率材料，所述微纳米高导热率材料包括表面防氧化处理的合金粉，添加量为陶瓷粉料质量的1％～10％，合金粉的粒径D50为0.1μm～10μm。
6.如权利要求4所述多层多孔陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述多孔陶瓷还包括添加剂，且所述添加剂包括氧化铝、二氧化硅、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、氧化镁、碳酸镁中的至少一种；所述添加剂的添加量为陶瓷浆料质量的1％～10％，所述添加剂的粒径D50为1μm～10μm。
7.如权利要求1所述多层多孔陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述多孔陶瓷材料的各层之间的连接是通过多孔陶瓷烧结在界面处生成的无机材料，所述的无机物包括磷酸铝，硅酸铝盐和/或硅酸盐，所述无机材料的厚度为0.1μm～5μm。
8.如权利要求1所述多层多孔陶瓷材料，其特征在于，还包括造孔剂，所述造孔剂包括空心玻璃、空心氧化硅、空心氧化铝、中空氧化锆、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢氨中的至少一种，所述造孔剂的添加量为陶瓷粉料质量的5％～20％，所述造孔剂的粒径D50为2μm～20μm。
9.如权利要求1-8任一所述多层多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
陶瓷粉料、添加剂、造孔剂和纳米高导热材料通过球磨、造粒、冷压成形工艺制成陶瓷坯体(1)；
使用陶瓷粉料、添加剂、造孔剂和纳米高导热材料形成陶瓷浆料(2)；
陶瓷浆料(2)和陶瓷坯体(1)依次交替分布得到预复合材料；
将所述预复合材料进烧结，制备出多层多孔陶瓷复合材料。
10.如权利要求9所述多层多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，采用喷涂法、旋涂法、提拉法、丝网印刷法、涂布法、3d打印法、浇筑法、流延法中任一种方法均匀的将陶瓷浆料(2)涂覆在陶瓷坯体(1)上。
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