CN112324411A - 一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺 - Google Patents
一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,首先将高粘压裂液注入地层造缝,按递增的砂比进行分次注液完成一次造缝;加砂结束后降排量注入暂堵剂封堵裂缝;然后提升排量提高裂缝净压迫使裂缝转向并重复上述造缝工艺,其中砂比增至50‑70%时尾追加入自分散可降解纤维;最后压裂顶替液。本发明针对疏松砂岩储层特征,将现有的预充填压裂防砂工艺转变为高导流复杂长缝压裂工艺,结合高砂比大排量大液量、组合暂堵剂、组合支撑剂与纤维结合充填裂缝等手段,初次形成高导流长缝后,利用暂堵剂封堵已有裂缝,再次迫使裂缝转向,以实现造长缝、增大有效改造体积和有效控制防砂的压裂效果,显著提高疏松砂岩稠油油藏采收率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于油气田勘探开发技术领域,具体涉及一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺。
背景技术
对于疏松砂岩稠油油藏压裂,目前国内外最常用的增产工艺为端部脱砂压裂,在储层中形成短宽裂缝,从而提高裂缝导流能力达到增产的目的。但随着对八面河疏松砂岩油藏的不断开发,发现该工艺存在以下几个方面的不足之处:1)该工艺在储层中主要以形成近井地带高导流的短宽裂缝为主,改造体积有限,在改造初期效果显著,但是存在短时间内产能下降快的问题;2)疏松砂岩稠油油油藏埋藏浅,胶结疏松压裂,油稠,压裂后储层易出砂,预充填压裂给储层提供了油流通道,但是生产过程中仍然存在出砂问题,从而导致产量降低。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于针对目前八面河疏松稠油油藏压裂预充填后产量下降快,易出砂,措施有效期短,影响单井产能等问题,提供一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺压裂方法;根据疏松砂岩稠油油藏储层特征,将现有的预充填压裂防砂工艺转变为高导流长缝压裂工艺,利用高砂比大排量大液量,不同粒径暂堵剂组合,不同粒径组合支撑剂充填裂缝,初次形成高导流长缝后,利用暂堵剂封堵已有裂缝,再次迫使裂缝转向,以确保以造长缝、增大有效改造体积为目标的压裂工艺成功,显著提高疏松砂岩稠油油藏单井产能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,包括一次造高导流长缝、暂堵工艺、二次转向造高导流长缝和压裂顶替液工艺,具体步骤如下:
一次造高导流长缝,将高粘压裂液注入疏松地层造缝,然后将压裂液携带小粒径支撑剂按依次递增的低砂比进行分次注液;再将压裂液携带大粒径支撑剂按依次递增的高砂比进行分次注液,完成一次压裂;
2)暂堵工艺,加砂结束后降排量注入缝内暂堵剂;
3)二次转向造高导流长缝,提升排量至步骤1)所述条件,并重复步骤1)所述造缝工艺,并在高砂比阶段尾追加入自分散可降解纤维;
4)压裂顶替液,加砂结束后按照油井措施管柱下深容积计算活性水用量,采用活性水顶替。
上述方案中,所述低砂比为10-40%,高砂比为50-80%;砂比递增幅度为5-10%。
优选的,所述砂比为50-70%时尾追加入表面改性自分散可降解纤维。
上述方案中,所述步骤1)和步骤3)中压裂液的排量为4-5m3/min,步骤2)中暂堵剂的排量为暂堵剂1-2m3/min。
上述方案中,所述压裂液包括基液、交联液,其中基液中各组分及其所占质量百分比包括:胍胶0.35-0.5%,NaOH 0.012-0.015%,助排剂0.2-0.5%,粘土稳定剂1.0-2.0%,洗油剂0.3-0.5%,杀菌剂0.01-0.02%,其余为水;交联液中各组分及其所占质量百分比包括:硼砂0.8-1%,破胶剂0.3-0.5%,其余为水;交联比为100:(4-5)。
上述方案中,所述胍胶可选用羟丙基胍胶、羧甲基羟丙基胍胶等。
上述方案中,所述助排剂可选用JW-201或氟碳类表面活性剂等。
上述方案中,所述粘土稳定剂可选用JC-NW2或小分子聚季铵盐类黏土稳定剂等。
上述方案中,所述杀菌剂可选用JC-SJ2或醛类杀菌剂等。
上述方案中,所述洗油剂可选用AE1910等非离子型表活剂等。
上述方案中,所述破胶剂可选用过硫酸铵,等。
针对八面河油田疏松砂岩稠油油藏储层物性岩性特征,选择胍胶压裂液体系,其中基液粘度为25-40mPa·s,交联后冻胶粘度为150-200mPa·s,破胶液粘度为2-3.3mPa·s;该压裂液具有低表面张力、高效防膨、强洗油、强携砂、少残渣,易破胶和易返排的特点,
上述方案中,所述小粒径支撑剂的尺寸大小为30-60目,大粒径支撑剂的尺寸大小为20-40目;根据现场返出砂岩粒径大小,结合导流能力试验,确定优选的组合方式为小粒径支撑剂与大粒径支撑剂的体积比为1:3;试验结果表明,该组合在含有10%返出砂粒时仍然具有高导流能力。
上述方案中,所述支撑剂可选用陶粒、石英砂、覆膜砂等。
上述方案中,所述暂堵剂为水溶性醇类聚合物,能在地层温度下起到封堵作用实施转向,同时又能满足地层温度;且施工时间内可彻底溶解,溶解后液体无残渣,对储层伤害小。
上述方案中,所述暂堵工艺中,暂堵剂的用量根据前次压裂裂缝尺寸计算,主要考虑裂缝长宽高以及孔隙度和暂堵剂密度,综合计算而得;暂堵剂尺寸大小根据前次压裂裂缝确定,其尺寸大小为4-120目,优选采用大-中-小粒径组合方式,且优选组合比例为1:3:1(体积比)。
上述方案中,所述自分散可降解纤维为水溶性醇类聚合物;加入纤维浓度为0.3-0.7wt%;采用纤维与支撑剂形成的网状结构,在组合支撑剂防砂的基础上,进一步控制出砂。
本发明通过对疏松砂岩油藏压裂起裂和转向机理研究,提供了一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺:根据疏松砂岩稠油油藏储层特征,将现有的预充填压裂防砂工艺转变为高导流复杂长缝压裂工艺,结合高砂比大排量大液量、组合暂堵剂、组合支撑剂+纤维组合充填裂缝等手段,初次形成高导流长缝后,利用暂堵剂封堵已有裂缝,再次迫使裂缝转向以实现造长缝、增大有效改造体积和有效控制防砂的压裂效果,显著提高疏松砂岩稠油油藏采收率。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1)本发明首次提出多功能压裂液体系,在稠油压裂液配方中加入洗油剂和自主研制的长效防膨剂,降低因压裂液长期滞留井底对储层造成伤害的同时,洗油剂与原油发生化学反应,降低井底原油粘度,提高原油流动性,从而提高单井产能;
2)本发明首次提出一种在疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井造复杂长缝压裂工艺代替预充填防砂近井地带形成短宽缝为目的压裂工艺,利用提高前置液量造长缝组合支撑剂饱填砂形成高导流长油流通道,增大泄油面积,利用水溶性暂堵剂缝内转向扩大压裂改造体积,从而进一步提高油井增产倍数和采油速度,为疏松砂岩稠油油藏压裂工艺提供一条全新思路;
3)本发明首次提出利用超高砂比不同粒径支撑和超高砂比阶段尾追加入少量表面改性自分散可降解纤维形成网状+柱状结构,提高裂缝导流能力的同时有效形成封口挡砂屏障,防止压后地层出砂,另外借力水溶性暂堵剂实现缝内转向扩大改造体积;几种手段配合作用可显著提高中低渗稠油油藏的稳产期和采收率;
4)本发明涉及的改进方法简单、成功率高、材料来源广通用性强、安全性可靠性高、操作方便;并可显著提高压裂增产效果,具有重要的经济效益和社会效益,适合推广应用。
具体实施方式
为更好理解本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明予以进一步说明,但本发明不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
以下实施例中,采用的JW-201由滨州市广友化工有限公司提供;JC-NW2由江汉油田石油工程院提供;采用的自分散可降解纤维为水溶性醇类聚合物,其尺寸大小为3-12mm,为成都劳恩普斯科技有限公司提供的BF-II;采用的暂堵剂的尺寸4-120目,为成都劳恩普斯科技有限公司提供的LP-WDB30。
实施例1
一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井大规模复杂长缝压裂工艺,针对八面河油田M14-10-X43井S462,该井前期采用预充填压裂两次,均未得到较好的增产效果。本次施工设计液量301.7m3,30/60目陶粒设计量为17m3,20/40目陶粒设计量为53m3,平均砂比52.5%,排量5m3/min,采用的压裂液配方和泵注程序分别见表1和表2,具体压裂工艺包括如下步骤:
1)一次造高导流长缝,先用高粘冻胶压裂液按5m3/min的排量造缝,然后将冻胶压裂液依次按10%、20%、30%和40%的低砂比携带小粒径陶粒(30/60目陶粒)进行注液(携砂液),然后换大支撑剂(大粒径陶粒),再用冻胶依次按50%、60%、70%和80%的高砂比携带大粒径陶粒(20/40目陶粒)进行注液,完成一次压裂;
2)暂堵工艺
加砂结束后降排量按照1-2m3/min的排量注入,在2-3min内加完1.0吨暂堵剂,加入过程中按照施工曲线压力上升情况实时快速提排量到5m3/min;
3)二次转向造高导流长缝
先用高粘冻胶按5m3/min排量造缝,其次将冻胶依次按15%、25%、30%和40%低砂比携带小粒径陶粒进行注液,然后换大支撑剂,再用冻胶按50%、60%、70%和80%高砂比携带大粒径陶粒进行注液,在砂比为50-70%时尾追加入自分散可降解纤维;
4)压裂顶替液阶段,采用活性水顶替,根据油井措施管柱下深容积计算顶替液用量。
本实例中,不同阶段采用的冻胶和基液的配方见表1。
表1压裂液配方
本实施例针对的井深为1320m,温度为60℃;配制的冻胶粘度为180mPa·s,基液粘度为26mPa·s。
确定好压裂液配方及用量后,按照施工泵注表,泵注基液或是冻胶液,如表2所示。
表2 M14-10-X43井泵注程序
表中,小粒径支撑剂(陶粒)与大粒径支撑剂(陶粒)的体积比为1:3;暂堵剂的用量根据前次压裂裂缝尺寸计算,主要考虑裂缝长宽高以及孔隙度和暂堵剂密度,综合计算而得;暂堵剂尺寸大小根据前次压裂裂缝确定,其尺寸大小为4-120目,采用大-中-小粒径组合方式,大粒径暂堵剂(6目)、中粒径暂堵剂(10目)、小粒径暂堵剂(120目)的体积比1:3:1。
经测试,本实施例采用大规模造高导流复杂长缝压裂工艺,利用提高前置液量造长缝,冻胶先注入小粒径支撑剂,后注入大粒径支撑剂,借助暂堵剂实现缝内暂堵迫使裂缝转向,尾追纤维加砂,形成高导流渗流通道的同时二次控砂,扩大改造体积,该井压裂后日产油由0.3t提升至6.8t,超过初期产量,日产液由3.2提升至15.0t,供液能力大幅提升,稳产时间为300天。
实施例2
一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井大规模复杂长缝压裂工艺,针对八面河油田M14-12-X31井S462,本井前期采用两次预充填压裂,其中施工设计液量183.4m3,30/60目陶粒设计量为11m3,20/40目陶粒设计量为34m3,平均砂比49.3%,排量5m3/min,采用的压裂液配方和泵注程序分别见表3和表4,具体压裂工艺包括如下步骤:
1)一次造高导流长缝,先用冻胶压裂液按5m3/min排量造缝,然后将冻胶压裂液依次按20%、30%和40%的低砂比携带小粒径陶粒进行注液,然后换大支撑剂,再用冻胶按50%、60%、70%和80%的高砂比携带大粒径陶粒进行注液,完成一次压裂;
2)暂堵工艺
加砂结束后降排量按照1-2m3/min的排量注入,在2-4min内加完0.8吨暂堵剂,加入过程中按照施工曲线压力上升情况实时快速提排量到5m3/min;
3)二次转向造高导流长缝
先用交联冻胶按5m3/min排量造缝,其次将冻胶依次按20%、30%和40%低砂比携带小粒径陶粒进行注液,然后换大支撑剂,再用冻胶依次按50%、60%、70%和80%高砂比携带大粒径陶粒进行注液,在砂比为50-70%时尾追加入自分散可降解纤维。
本实例中,不同阶段采用的冻胶和基液的配方见表3。
表3压裂液配方
实施例针对的井深为1297m,温度为58℃;配制的冻胶粘度为180mPa·s,基液粘度为22mPa·s。
确定好压裂液配方及用量后,按照施工泵注表,泵注基液或是冻胶液,如表4所示。
表4泵注程序
表中,小粒径支撑剂(陶粒)与大粒径支撑剂(陶粒)的体积比为1:3;暂堵剂的用量根据前次压裂裂缝尺寸计算,主要考虑裂缝长宽高以及孔隙度和暂堵剂密度,综合计算而得;暂堵剂尺寸大小根据前次压裂裂缝确定,其尺寸大小为4-120目,采用大-中-小粒径组合方式,大粒径暂堵剂(6目)、中粒径暂堵剂(10目)、小粒径暂堵剂(120目)的体积比1:3:1。
采用本实施例所述大规模复杂长缝压裂工艺后,日产油由1提升至6.0t,超过初期产量,日产液由2提升至12.1m3,供液能力大幅提升,稳产时间为378天。
对比例1
目前八面河油田常用预充填压裂技术、优化施工参数施工,油井M14-12-X35井采用低排量、小液量和低砂比施工,采用的冻胶压裂液配方见表5,具体压裂工艺包括如下步骤如表6所示。
表5压裂液配方
表6泵注程序
采用本对比例所述压裂施工工艺后,日增油2.2t,稳产时间为3个月。
对比例2
八面河油田近年来也尝试了其他压裂工艺,如增加加砂强度,增加用液强度等方式,但是最终未从根本上解决问题,分析认为两次或者以上压裂改造规模相当,单井控制储量衰竭较快,还有部分井压裂后仍然存在出砂问题,导致产量下降较快。如M14-6-X27井,该井2017年采用提高加砂强度和砂比的方法进行压裂,采用表7所述压裂体系,具体泵注程序如表8所示,入井总液量161.9m3加砂量30m3,平均砂比28.6%,施工排量3.5m3/min,施工压力15MPa,停泵压力9MPa。整体施工情况正常,施工压力平稳,按照设计要求完成加砂。压裂后初期日产油3.9吨、日产液量12.7方,获得了较好的增油效果。但该井生产一个星期后,因地层出砂产量下降。
表7压裂液配方
表8泵注程序
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的实例,而并非对实施方式的限制。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而因此所引申的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,包括一次造高导流长缝、暂堵、二次转向造高导流长缝和压裂顶替液工艺,具体步骤如下:
1)一次造高导流长缝,将高粘压裂液注入疏松地层造缝,然后将压裂液携带小粒径支撑剂按依次递增的低砂比进行分次注液;再将压裂液携带大粒径支撑剂按依次递增的高砂比进行分次注液,完成一次压裂;
2)暂堵工艺,加砂结束后降排量注入缝内暂堵剂;
3)二次转向造高导流长缝,提升排量至步骤1)所述条件,并重复步骤1)所述造缝工艺,并在高砂比阶段尾追加入自分散可降解纤维;
4)压裂顶替液,加砂结束后按照油井措施管柱下深容积计算活性水用量,采用活性水顶替。
2.根据权利要求1所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,所述低砂比为10-40%,高砂比为50-80%;砂比递增幅度为5-10%;砂比为50-70%时尾追加入表面改性自分散可降解纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,步骤1)和步骤3)中压裂液的排量为4-5m3/min,步骤2)中暂堵剂的排量为暂堵剂1-2m3/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺其特征在于,所述压裂液包括基液、交联液,其中基液中各组分及其所占质量百分比包括:胍胶0.35-0.5%,NaOH0.012-0.015%,助排剂0.2-0.5%,粘土稳定剂1.0-2.0%,洗油剂0.3-0.5%,杀菌剂0.01-0.02%,其余为水;交联液中各组分及其所占质量百分比包括:硼砂0.8-1%,破胶剂0.3-0.5%,其余为水;交联比为100:(4-5)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,所述粘土稳定剂为JC-NW2;洗油剂为非离子表面活性剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,所述基液粘度为25-40mPa·s,交联后冻胶粘度为150-200mPa·s,破胶液粘度为2-3.3mPa·s。
7.根据权利要求1所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,所述小粒径支撑剂的尺寸大小为30-60目,大粒径支撑剂的尺寸大小为20-40目。
8.根据权利要求1所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,暂堵剂为水溶性醇类聚合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,所述暂堵工艺中,所述暂堵剂的尺寸大小根据前次压裂裂缝确定,其尺寸大小为4-120目,采用大、中、小粒径组合方式。
10.根据权利要求1所述的疏松砂岩稠油油藏直井复杂长缝压裂工艺,其特征在于,所述自分散可降解纤维为水溶性醇类聚合物,纤维相对压裂液的用量为0.3-0.7wt%。
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CN113266330A (zh) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-17 | 延安双丰集团有限公司 | 一种全储层周向压裂改造工艺方法 |
CN114109338A (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-01 | 陕西海睿能源技术服务有限公司 | 一种井筒暂时重构方法 |
CN114109338B (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-09-05 | 陕西海睿能源技术服务有限公司 | 一种井筒暂时重构方法 |
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