CN112293314B - Three-section type cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a three-stage type breeding method for improving the mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish; step one, carrying out an indoor industrial culture period; step two, performing temporary culture mating period of the outdoor pond net cages; and step three, carrying out indoor factory natural overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensified cultivation period. The method comprises three-stage cultivation, namely an indoor industrial cultivation period, an outdoor pond net cage temporary cultivation mating period, an indoor industrial overwintering period and a prenatal enhanced cultivation period; particularly, in the outdoor pond cage temporary breeding mating period, water quality environmental conditions such as similar water temperatures of ponds and sea areas in the key mating period of 10-11 months are fully utilized, measures are taken from technical links such as female and male stocking proportion, water temperature change monitoring, illumination control, shielding object setting, bait feeding and the like, the mating rate of the female parent fish of sebastes schlegeli is improved, and experiments prove that the mating rate of the female parent fish of sebastes schlegeli can reach over 84.0%.

Description

A three-stage breeding method for improving the mating rate of broodstock of Xu's flat scorpionfish

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fish reproduction; in particular, it relates to a three-stage cultivating method for improving the mating rate of broodstock of Xu's flat scorpionfish.

Background technique

Xu's flat scorpionfish ( Sebastes schlegelii ), also known as black scorpionfish, belongs to the scorpionoid order - Scorpene family - scorpionfish genus. It is widely distributed in the offshore rocky areas of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in China. It is also distributed along the coasts of Japan and Korea. It is cold and warm. It is a carnivorous fish in the seabed, mainly feeding on fish and crustaceans, and also on cephalopods and shellfish. It lives in shallow coastal waters in spring and summer and moves to the deep sea in autumn. Its meat is delicious and has the reputation of "black grouper" on the northern coast, and it is also very popular in the fresh fish market overseas such as Japan and South Korea. The optimum growth temperature is 1-27°C, the optimum growth temperature is 8-25°C, and the optimum salinity is 27-34. Due to the characteristics of small migration range, wide temperature tolerance range, fewer diseases, and fast growth, it is the most popular coastal cage in my country. Ideal for aquaculture and marine ranch development.

Xu's flat scorpionfish is a special ovoviviparous reproduction method. Mating occurs in autumn, and calving occurs in the late spring of the following year. The mating and fertilization and calving cannot be synchronized like oviparous economic fish to complete the entire fertilization and development process. Although Xu's flat scorpionfish has made breakthroughs in the artificial breeding technology of wild broodstock with larvae, it has problems such as damage to resources, inconvenient transportation, abortion of broodstock, and low survival rate of broodstock, and it still cannot be obtained by mating in other ways. Female broodstock with high mating rates. High-quality females with successful mating provide a guarantee for seed breeding in the coming year. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the breeding technology of the mating rate of male and female broodstock of Xu's flat scorpionfish to solve the bottleneck of the source of broodstock with larvae in fry production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-stage cultivation method for improving the mating rate of the broodstock of the scorpionfish, namely, adopting "indoor factory culture period ~ outdoor pond cage temporary breeding and mating period ~ indoor factory overwintering and prenatal strengthening" Cultivation period" three-stage cultivation; the present invention through the investigation and research on the biological characteristics of Xu's flat scorpionfish and its mating and reproduction law in the natural environment simulating the natural sea area or deep-water cage, according to the natural The environmental conditions, time, bait composition and temperature change control required for mating can improve the mating rate of the broodstock of the scorpionfish in the pond cage, and obtain the female broodstock that successfully mate in batches, so as to ensure the seedlings of the scorpionfish. of large-scale production.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention relates to a three-stage cultivating method for improving the mating rate of broodstock of Xu's flat scorpionfish, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Indoor factory farming period: early May to mid-October;

Step 2, carry out the outdoor pond cage temporarily raising and mating period: mid-October to early December;

Step 3: Indoor factory overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensive cultivation period: early December to May of the following year.

Preferably, in step 1, the indoor industrial cultivation period is specifically: selecting the domesticated broodstock that has reached 4 years of age and above and weighing more than 1.5kg and has been cultivated in an industrialized manner at the beginning of May every year, and then puts compound feed (manufacturer) after distinguishing male and female. : Shandong Shengsuo Feed Factory) are cultivated in separate ponds in breeding ponds. The breeding ponds used are semi-buried square cement ponds or circular glass fiber reinforced plastic troughs, the depth of which is 1.2m, and the stocking density is 4-8 tails/m ³ . Cultivated in natural seawater flowing water, the water temperature is controlled at 12-25 °C, the maximum water temperature is not more than 27 °C, the salinity is 27-32, the dissolved oxygen is ≥6mg/L, the daily water change is 4-5 ranges, and the Xu's flat scorpionfish is fed every day. 2 times, once in the morning and once in the evening, the daily feeding amount is 1-2% of the fish body weight; when the water temperature in mid-October is in the range of 16-19 ℃, the broodstock is transferred to the second step for cultivation, and the temperature difference between the breeding pond and the pond is 2 ℃. Within the range, the salinity is 27-32, and the dissolved oxygen is ≥6mg/L.

Preferably, in step 2, the step of temporarily rearing and mating in the outdoor pond cage is specifically: placing temperature detection equipment in the factory culturing pond and the pond cage to monitor the water temperature changes synchronously, and in mid-October, in the morning or evening, the factory will Breeding broodstock were stocked in cages at a ratio of 1:1.5 between males and females, with a density of 3 to 4 fish/m ³ , and were fed chilled bait instead, 2 times a day, once in the morning, and the daily feeding amount was the weight of the fish. Generally, at the end of November every year, the water temperature of the pond drops to about 10-11 °C, and the broodstock is transferred to step three for cultivation;

The water depth of the outdoor pond area is greater than 2.0m, and the outdoor pond culture is arranged in a cage. The upper end surface of the cage is a square in the middle, and the two ends are semi-circular structures; the size of the middle square is 4.0m×4.0m×1.5 m, the diameter of the semicircle at both ends is 4m, the frame of the cage is made of polyethylene pipe, the main frame is covered with a mesh, the mesh is made of polyethylene, the aperture of the mesh is 3-4cm, and the upper end of the cage is made of black Shade nets cover; the interior of the cage corresponding to the semi-circular part is hung with ropes to hang the specially-made shelter reef of the scorpionfish; the shelter reef adopts a multi-layer scallop cage structure; 8 A columnar scallop cage with a diameter of 40cm is divided into 5 layers, each layer is 30cm high, and the opening angle is 45. The shade net is covered with the shade net during the period of direct sunlight, and the shade net is opened at the rest of the time.

Preferably, in step 3, the indoor industrialized overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensive cultivation period are specifically as follows: all broodstock in the cage are transferred to indoor industrialization to continue overwintering cultivation, and the stocking density is 4～6 tails/m ³ , The breeding conditions are: natural seawater running water cultivation, the water temperature is controlled at 2-14 ℃, the minimum water temperature is not lower than 1 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the dissolved oxygen is ≥ 6 mg/L, and the daily water exchange volume is 4-5 ranges. Water temperature changes to adjust the feeding frequency and feeding amount of chilled bait; prenatal nutrition intensification cultivation starts in mid-March, compound multi-dimensional ingredients are added to chilled bait mixture, and abdominal development is observed, and larvae are taken from female fish in mid-to-late April. Observe the developmental situation, judge the mating situation and infer the calving time, and calculate the broodstock mating rate by the larvae produced around May.

Preferably, the chilled bait is anchovy, mackerel, jellyfish or yellow croaker.

Preferably, in step 3, when the water temperature is above 10 °C, the feeding is performed once every 1 d; when the water temperature is 6-10 °C, the feeding is performed once every 2 days; when the water temperature is lower than 6 °C, the feeding is performed once every 3 days, and the daily feeding amount It is 0.5 to 1.0% of the fish body weight.

Preferably, in the composite multidimensional, every kilogram of composite multidimensional comprises VA: 4 million-10 million IU, VD3: 2.5-3.5 million IU, VE: ≥18,000 IU, VC: ≥10g, VB1: ≥3g, VB2 : ≥5g, VB6: ≥3g, VB12: ≥7mg, Pantothenic acid: ≥13.5g, Niacin: ≥13.5g, Folic acid: ≥250mg, d-Biotin: ≥60mg, Inositol: ≥40g, Moisture: ≤6.0 %, the carrier is anhydrous dextrose.

Preferably, in step 3, 1-2 g of compound multi-dimensional is added to each kilogram of chilled bait, used for 7 days, and a small amount of water is added to bond with the chilled bait.

The present invention has the following advantages:

(1) In the present invention, according to the living habits and reproductive characteristics of the scorpionfish in the natural reef sea area, especially the mating time, water temperature change rules, etc., the present invention adopts "indoor factory culture period ~ outdoor pond cage temporary breeding and mating period ~ indoor factory". The three-stage cultivation of "overwintering and prenatal intensive cultivation period", especially the temporary breeding and mating period in outdoor ponds, makes full use of the similar water temperature and other water temperature conditions in the ponds and sea areas during the critical mating period from October to November. Measures are taken in technical links such as water temperature change monitoring, light control, shelter setting, and bait feeding to improve the mating rate of broodstock Xu's flat scorpionfish. It has been verified by many tests that the method of the invention can make the mating rate of the female broodstock of Xu's flat scorpionfish. reached more than 84.0%.

(2) The female broodstock with high mating rate obtained by the present invention breaks through the current technical bottleneck of using wild broodstock for breeding, and solves the difficulty of long-distance transportation of broodstock, the abortion of broodstock, the low survival rate of broodstock, and the repeated utilization rate of broodstock. lower issues.

(3) The successful mating female of the present invention provides conditions for in vivo fertilization and in vivo embryo development of Xu's flat scorpionfish through overwintering and prenatal intensive cultivation, and provides a guarantee for the output of high-quality and high-quality seedlings. The invention is simple in operation and practical, and explores a feasible way for the artificial reproduction of Xu's flat scorpionfish.

(4) In the present invention, through the investigation and research on the biological characteristics of Xu's flat scorpionfish and its mating and reproduction rules in the natural environment simulated in natural sea areas or deep-water cages, according to the environment required for natural mating of Xu's flat scorpionfish Condition, time, bait composition and temperature change control methods can improve the mating rate of broodstock in pond cages, and obtain batches of successfully mated female broodstock, thus ensuring the large-scale production of scorpionfish seedlings.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following examples are only further descriptions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example

The invention relates to a three-stage cultivation for improving the mating rate of the broodstock of Xu's flat scorpionfish; the specific steps are as follows:

From May 2018 to May 2019, according to the following implementation steps, 120 female broodstock were selected by the three-stage breeding method in the workshop and outdoor pond of Xu's flat scorpionfish national-level original breeding farm of Shandong Yantai Taihua Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., There were 180 male broodstock and 101 female broodstock that could successfully give birth. The broodstock mating rate (equivalent fertilization rate) was 84.2%.

Step 1: Indoor factory farming period: the time is from early May to mid-October. The breeding ponds used are semi-buried square cement ponds or circular glass fiber reinforced plastic troughs with a depth of 1.2m; domesticated broodstocks that have reached 4 years of age and above and weighed more than 1.2kg are selected in the factory at the beginning of May each year. Cultivation, the stocking density is 4-8 tails/m ³ ; the breeding conditions are: natural seawater flowing water or circulating water cultivation, the water temperature is controlled at 12-25 ℃, the maximum water temperature does not exceed 27 ℃, salinity 27-32, dissolved oxygen ≥ 6mg /L, the daily water exchange rate is 4-5 ranges, and the Xu's flat scorpionfish compound feed (manufacturer: Shandong Shengsuo Feed Factory) is fed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, and the daily feeding amount is 1 of the fish weight. -2%; in mid-October, the water temperature is 16-19 ℃, and the broodstock is transferred to the second step for cultivation;

Step 2: The mating period for temporary rearing in outdoor pond cages: from mid-October to early December. The outdoor pond area requires a water depth greater than 2.0m; the outdoor pond culture is arranged in a cage, the upper end of the cage is a square in the middle, and the two ends are semi-circular structures; the size of the middle square is 4.0m×4.0m×1.5 m, the diameter of the semicircle at both ends is 4m, the frame of the cage is made of polyethylene pipe, the main frame is covered with a mesh, the mesh is made of polyethylene, the aperture of the mesh is 3-4cm, and the upper end of the cage is made of black Shade nets cover; the interior of the cage corresponding to the semi-circular part is hung with ropes to hang the specially-made shelter reef of the scorpionfish; the shelter reef adopts a multi-layer scallop cage structure; 8 A columnar scallop cage with a diameter of 40cm is divided into 5 layers, each layer is 30cm high, and the opening angle is 45. The shade net is covered with the shade net during the period of direct sunlight, and the shade net is opened at the rest of the time. The temperature difference between the workshop and the pond is within 2 to 3 °C; temperature detection equipment is placed in the factory culture pond and pond cage to monitor the change of water temperature synchronously. When the pond water temperature is 16-19 °C in mid-October, the factory will be installed in the morning or evening. The broodstock are placed in the cage according to the ratio of male and female at 1:1.5 (2:3), the density is 3-4 tails/m ³ , and they are fed with chilled bait instead. Etc., feed 2 times a day, once in the morning, and the daily feeding amount is 1-1.5% of the fish body weight; at the end of November, the water temperature is 10-11-16 ℃, and the broodstock is transferred to step 3 for cultivation;

Step 3: Indoor factory overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensive cultivation period: the time is from the end of November to the next May. Generally, at the end of November every year, the water temperature of the pond drops to about 10-11°C, and all the broodstock in the cage are transferred to the indoor factory to continue overwinter cultivation. The stocking density is 4-6 fish/m ³ . Cultivated in seawater flowing water or circulating water, the water temperature is controlled at 2~14℃, the minimum water temperature is not lower than 1℃, the salinity is 28~32, the dissolved oxygen is ≥6mg/L, and the daily water exchange volume is 4~5 ranges, according to the change of water temperature. Feed chilled bait, the chilled bait is anchovy, mackerel, jellyfish, small yellow flower, etc.; prenatal nutrition fortification starts in mid-March, mixed vitamins are added to the chilled bait mix, and the abdominal development is observed. In mid-April In the latter half of the year, the larvae were taken from the female fish to observe the development, judge the mating situation and infer the calving time. The broodstock mating rate was calculated by the larvae produced around May; the feeding frequency and feeding amount were adjusted according to the water temperature, when the water temperature was above 10 ℃ When the water temperature is 6-10°C, it is fed once every 2 days; when the water temperature is lower than 6°C, it is fed once every 3 days, and the daily feeding amount is 0.5-1.0% of the fish body weight;

Among them, the chilled bait is added to the composite multi-dimensional, and each kilogram of the composite multi-dimensional contains VA: 4 million-10 million IU, VD3: 2.5-3.5 million IU, VE: ≥18,000 IU, VC: ≥10g, VB1: ≥3g, VB2: ≥5g, VB6: ≥3g, VB12: ≥7mg, Pantothenic acid: ≥13.5g, Niacin: ≥13.5g, Folic acid: ≥250mg, d-Biotin: ≥60mg, Inositol: ≥40g, Moisture: ≤ 6.0%, the carrier is anhydrous dextrose. Add 1-2 g of compound multi-dimensional per kilogram of chilled bait, use it for 7 days, and add a small amount of water to bond with the chilled bait.

According to the living habits and reproductive characteristics of the scorpionfish Xu's flatfish in natural reef sea areas, especially the mating time, the changing law of water temperature, etc. Prenatal intensive cultivation period" three-stage cultivation, especially outdoor pond cages for temporary breeding and mating period, make full use of the similar water temperature and other water temperature conditions in ponds and sea areas during the critical mating period from October to November. , lighting control, setting of shelters and bait feeding and other technical links have been taken to improve the mating rate of broodstock Xu's flat scorpionfish. After many tests and verifications, the method of the invention can make the mating rate of the female broodstock of Xu's flat scorpionfish reach 84.0%. above.

Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various variations or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A three-section type cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, performing an indoor industrial culture period: beginning of 5 months to 10 middle days of the month;

step two, carrying out the temporary breeding mating period of the outdoor pond net cage: 10 middle ten days to 12 early months;

step three, carrying out indoor industrial overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensified cultivation period: from the beginning of 12 months to 5 months in the next year;

in the first step, the period of indoor industrial culture is specifically as follows: selecting domesticated parent fish with age of 4 years or more and weight of more than 1.5kg, breeding in separate ponds after distinguishing male and female at the beginning of 5 months per year, wherein the breeding pond is a semi-buried square cement pond or a round glass fiber reinforced plastic groove with depth of 1.2m and stocking densityIs 4-8 tails/m ³ Natural seawater flowing water or circulating water is adopted for cultivation, the water temperature is controlled to be 12-25 ℃, the highest water temperature is not more than 27 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 6mg/L, the daily water change amount is 4-5 ranges, the special compound feed for sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf is fed for 2 times every day, 1 time is fed in the morning and evening, and the daily feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the fish; when the water temperature is within the range of 16-19 ℃ in the middle 10 th month, transferring the parent fish to the second step for cultivation; in the second step, the step of temporarily breeding the outdoor pond net cage in the mating period specifically comprises the following steps: placing temperature detection equipment in an industrial aquaculture pond and a pond net cage to monitor water temperature changes, and when the water temperature of the pond is 16-19 ℃ in the middle 10 months, carrying out industrial aquaculture on parent fishes according to a male-female ratio of 1:1.5 stocking in the net cage, the density is 3-4 tails/m ³ Feeding fresh baits instead of the iced fresh baits for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the fishes; when the temperature of the pond is reduced to 10-11 ℃ at the beginning of 12 months per year, transferring the parent fish to the third step for cultivation; in the third step, the indoor industrial overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensified cultivation period specifically comprises the following steps: transferring all parent fishes in the net cage to an indoor factory for continuous overwintering cultivation, wherein the stocking density is 4-6 tails/m ³ The culture conditions are as follows: natural seawater flowing water or circulating water is cultivated, the water temperature is controlled to be 2-14 ℃, the lowest water temperature is not lower than 1 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 6mg/L, the daily water change amount is 4-5 ranges, and the feeding frequency and the feeding amount of the fresh frozen bait are adjusted according to the change of the water temperature; beginning prenatal nutrition enrichment culture in the middle ten of 3 months, adding composite multidimensional bait and mixed material, observing the abdominal development condition, taking the fries in the female fish bodies in the middle and last ten days of 4 months to observe the development condition, judging the mating condition and deducing the farrowing time, and calculating the mating rate of parent fishes according to the condition of the produced fries in about 5 months; the fresh frozen bait is anchovy, pneumatophorus japonicus, bowled fillet or small yellow croaker; in the third step, feeding for 1 time every 1d when the water temperature is above 10 ℃, and feeding for 1 time every 2d when the water temperature is 6-10 ℃; feeding for 1 time every 3 days when the water temperature is lower than 6 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the fish; in the composite multi-dimension, each kilogram of the composite multi-dimension comprises VA: 400 ten thousand-1000 ten thousand IU, VD3: 250-350 ten thousand IU, VE: not less than 1.8 ten thousand IU and VC: not less than 10g, VB1: not less than 3g, VB2: not less than 5g, VB6: not less than 3g, VB12: not less than 7mg, pantothenic acid: not less than 13.5g, nicotinic acid: not less than 13.5g, folic acid: more than or equal to 250mg,d-biotin: not less than 60mg, inositol: not less than 40g, water content: less than or equal to 6.0 percent, and the carrier is anhydrous glucose; and in the third step, 1-2 g of compound multivitamins are added into each kilogram of the iced fresh bait for 7 days continuously, and a small amount of water is added to be bonded with the iced fresh bait.