CN112296358A - Device and method for in-situ synthesis of digital material based on atmosphere SLM - Google Patents
Device and method for in-situ synthesis of digital material based on atmosphere SLM Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for synthesizing a digital material in situ based on an atmosphere SLM; the device comprises a sealed forming chamber, a scanning galvanometer for controlling laser beams, an active gas flowmeter, an active gas concentration measuring instrument, an oxygen content measuring instrument, a forming substrate, an active gas inlet and outlet and a control gas valve thereon for participating in-situ synthesis reaction, an inert shielding gas-argon gas inlet and outlet and a control gas valve thereon. The selective laser melting and forming process and the selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis process are alternately carried out, active gas is introduced into the forming chamber in the selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis process, so that the specific position in the formed part is subjected to the in-situ laser synthesis reaction, the generated metal/ceramic reinforced particles are distributed in the part according to the preset shape structure, and finally the digital material with the specific shape reinforced structure in the part is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of selective laser melting molding, in particular to a device and a method for in-situ synthesis of a digital material based on an atmosphere SLM.
Background
The laser in-situ synthesis technology is a new material manufacturing technology for directly generating ideal enhanced phase particles by chemical reactions between simple substances, between simple substances and compounds or between compounds and compounds under the heating action of high-energy laser. The new material synthesized by the technology has the characteristic of fine and compact tissue, the interface between the reinforcing phase and the matrix is clean and has no impurity precipitation, and the reinforcing phase and the matrix are directly connected together in an interatomic combination mode, so that the mechanical property and the thermal stability of the synthetic material are obviously improved.
The common form of the existing laser in-situ synthesis technology is that the new material is fused and synthesized in situ in a selective laser area, reactant particles are generally uniformly mixed in a matrix in the process, then the mixture is subjected to layer-by-layer addition molding in selective laser area fusion molding equipment according to the part information of a three-dimensional model, reactants react under the high-energy heating of laser to generate a ceramic or intermetallic compound reinforcing phase, and the reinforcing phase is tightly combined with the matrix material and is uniformly dispersed and distributed to form a new material product with excellent performance.
However, the method for melting the new material synthesized in situ in the selective laser region can only regulate and control the performance of the new material by regulating the proportion of reactants and other conditions, is commonly used for forming parts with uniformly distributed reinforced phases and same overall performance, and cannot regulate and control the proportion, position distribution and the like of the generated reinforced phases in real time in the forming process, which is difficult for forming the novel digital material with the reinforced phases generated according to the preset proportion and distribution.
Researches have proposed that active gases such as nitrogen or propane and the like can generate multi-phase chemical reaction with simple substance metal powder or alloy powder under the action of high-energy laser, so as to synthesize metal/ceramic reinforced particles. Therefore, under the atmosphere of active gas (nitrogen, propane and the like), the specific simple substance metal powder or alloy powder can selectively synthesize a metal/ceramic reinforced phase in the part by adopting a selective laser melting technology, and the quantity, the proportion and the like of the metal ceramic reinforced particles generated in the forming process can be conveniently regulated and controlled, so that a new way for manufacturing the digital material is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an apparatus and method for in situ synthesis of digitized materials based on atmospheric SLM. The method solves the problem that the limitation of the proportion, the position distribution and the like of generated metal/ceramic reinforced particles can not be realized in real time in the process of melting a new in-situ synthesis material in a selective laser area, can conveniently regulate and control the quantity, the proportion and the like of the synthesized metal/ceramic reinforced particles by regulating and controlling the active gas atmosphere and the laser selectivity in real time in the forming process to generate an in-situ synthesis reaction, and can ensure that the metal/ceramic reinforced particles are selectively distributed in the part according to a preset shape, thereby realizing a new way for manufacturing the digital material.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for in-situ synthesis of a digitized material based on an atmospheric SLM comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the attribute requirements of the parts, respectively carrying out slicing processing on the selective laser melting forming part model not containing the enhancement phase and the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis part model containing the enhancement phase, thereby respectively obtaining two groups of data, namely selective laser melting forming data 12 and selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data;
the two groups of data are combined together to form a complete digital material part 11, and then the data are led into a selective laser melting molding equipment system; the forming process of the digital material part 11 comprises a selective laser melting forming process and a selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process;
in the selective laser melting and forming process, inert gas (argon) is used as protective gas, and the selective laser melting and forming part which does not contain the reinforcing phase is selective laser melting and forming data 12; in the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process, active gas is used as reaction atmosphere for in-situ synthesis in a forming chamber, inert gas (argon) is used as auxiliary atmosphere, and the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis part containing an enhanced phase is selective laser in-situ synthesis data;
step two: firstly, in the selective laser melting and forming process, according to selective laser melting and forming data 12 of the part, in a forming chamber filled with inert protective gas (argon), an entity in a designated area is melted and formed through the selective laser melting and forming, so as to complete the entity area forming operation of generating metal/ceramic reinforced particles without in-situ synthesis reaction of the entity;
step three: after the selective laser melting and forming operation of the layer of entity in the second step is completed, if the layer of entity contains selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data, switching to the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process, introducing active gas and enabling the active gas to become a reaction atmosphere of a forming chamber, taking inert gas-argon gas as an auxiliary atmosphere, enabling specific simple substance metal powder or alloy powder and the active gas to perform a laser in-situ synthesis reaction to generate metal/ceramic reinforced particles according to the region set by the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data of the laser of the part, and completing the region forming operation of the layer of entity subjected to selective laser melting in-situ synthesis;
step four: after the entity forming operation of the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis is completed in the third step, switching to the selective laser melting forming process to continue to complete the preset entity forming operation without in-situ synthesis reaction in the next layer;
step five: and repeating the second step to the fourth step until the whole part processing operation is completed, and obtaining the digital functional material with the metal/ceramic reinforced particles distributed according to the preset proportion and shape.
The laser selected area in-situ synthesis data comprises laser selected area in-situ synthesis data A and laser selected area in-situ synthesis data B.
And step one, the model of the selective laser melting molding data and the model of the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data form complete part information together through 'parallel U' Boolean operation, and no data intersection exists between the two groups of data models.
In the first step, the selective laser melting forming data 12 and the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data can respectively adopt different laser process parameters, scanning strategies and the like, but the two groups of data adopt the same powder spreading layer thickness, and the layer thickness of each layer is 20-50 μm.
The solid area forming operation in the third step means that the area is subjected to selective laser melting in-situ synthesis, and comprises the following steps: the whole molding surface area of the layer of entity except the designated area of the selective laser melting molding data; and the selective laser area in-situ synthesis area can be formed by adjacent overlapping or non-overlapping of the melting channels which generate the metal/ceramic phase by in-situ reaction.
In the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process in the third step, under the condition of auxiliary regulation and control of auxiliary atmosphere (argon), the gas inflow, concentration ratio and the like of the active gas can be regulated and monitored through the active gas inlet valve 7, the active gas flowmeter 5 and the active gas concentration measuring instrument 17, so as to control the number, ratio and the like of the metal/ceramic reinforced particles generated by in-situ synthesis.
Performing primary powder paving on the molding surface before the second step, and after the second step is completed and before the third step is started, no powder paving is performed on the molding surface; and after finishing all the processing operations of the layer and before carrying out the next layer of processing operation, spreading the powder on the forming surface again for one time.
And D, after finishing the selective laser melting and forming process of all the layers of the whole part in the step five, judging whether the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process needs to be carried out or not, and if the current layer does not contain selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data, continuing to carry out the step two.
The selective laser melting and forming process and the selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis process are alternately carried out, active gas is introduced into the forming chamber in the selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis process, so that the specific position in the formed part is subjected to the in-situ laser synthesis reaction, the generated metal/ceramic reinforced particles are distributed in the part according to the preset shape structure, and finally the digital material with the specific shape reinforced structure in the part is obtained.
Meanwhile, gradient change distribution of proportion, quantity, particle size and the like of metal/ceramic reinforced particles in the part can be realized through the change of the air inflow and concentration of active gas (nitrogen or propane and the like) and the free combination of selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process parameters (laser power, laser beam scanning speed, laser beam scanning interval and the like). Therefore, the invention realizes the direct laser selective melting and molding of the digital material with the tissue gradient and the performance gradient while realizing the distribution of the metal/ceramic reinforcing phase in the part according to the preset shape structure, and plays an important role in the research and development and the manufacture of the future digital material.
A device for in-situ synthesis of digital materials based on an atmosphere SLM (selective laser melting) comprises a sealed forming chamber 4, a scanning galvanometer 2 for controlling a laser beam 3 and a forming substrate 10; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises an active gas inlet 6 and an active gas outlet 13 which participate in the in-situ synthesis reaction, and an argon gas inlet 8 and an argon gas outlet 15;
the argon inlet 8 is positioned on the lower side wall of one side of the forming chamber 4, and the argon outlet 15 is positioned on the upper side wall of the other side of the forming chamber 4; since argon has a larger relative molecular mass than air, that is, argon is heavier than air, the above arrangement is advantageous in quickly discharging the air and the like in the molding chamber out of the molding chamber.
The active gas inlet 6 is located at the upper side wall of one side of the forming chamber 4, and the active gas outlet 13 is located at the lower side wall of the other side of the forming chamber 4.
An oxygen content measuring instrument 1 for detecting the oxygen content in the forming chamber and ensuring the indoor anaerobic environment and an active gas concentration measuring instrument 17 for detecting the active gas content in the forming chamber are arranged in the sealed forming chamber 4;
the active gas inlet 6 is provided with an active gas flow meter 5 for detecting the flow rate of the active gas flowing into the molding chamber and an active gas inlet valve 7 for adjusting the inlet flow rate of the active gas; the active gas outlet 13 is provided with an active gas outlet valve 14 for adjusting the outlet flow of the active gas. They are used for adjusting and monitoring the proportion, concentration and the like of active gas in the forming chamber;
the argon inlet 8 is provided with an argon inlet valve 9 for adjusting inlet flow, and the argon outlet 15 is provided with an argon outlet valve 16 for adjusting outlet flow. They are used to ensure the oxygen-free environment in the forming chamber when the selective laser melting forming is carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. compared with the traditional technology which can only form a new material with uniform strengthening phase through selective laser melting in-situ synthesis, the device and the method for forming the digital material through selective laser melting based on atmosphere laser in-situ synthesis provided by the invention can synchronously perform selective laser melting and forming and selective laser melting in-situ synthesis, metal/ceramic strengthening particles are generated through selective laser melting in-situ synthesis reaction of layer-by-layer entities, and the metal strengthening phases in the part can be distributed in space according to any preset shape through circulation, so that the digital functional material with a specific strengthening structure inside is obtained;
2. the change of the quantity, the proportion and the like of the metal/ceramic reinforced particles at different positions in the part can be realized by adjusting the proportion, the concentration and the like of active gas in the forming process, and the size and the like of the formed metal/ceramic reinforced particles are changed by changing the changes of laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval and the like in the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis state, so that the part has great flexibility, and the digitalized part with complex performance gradient can be realized by freely combining process parameters;
3. the active gas (nitrogen or propane and the like) adopted by the laser in-situ synthesis technology is subjected to in-situ synthesis reaction with the elemental metal powder or the alloy powder, the quantity and the proportion of the generated metal reinforcing phase can be conveniently regulated and controlled, and the original elemental metal powder or the alloy powder is not polluted, so that the original elemental metal powder or the alloy powder can be recycled as raw materials with different reactant proportions, the raw materials are greatly utilized, and the material cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for in situ synthesis of digitized materials based on atmospheric SLM according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the forming process in the laser selective melting forming state.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the forming process in the laser selective melting in-situ synthesis state.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the combination of a selective laser melting and forming portion and a selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis portion of a digital part model.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the laser selective melting in-situ synthesis data profile inside a digital part model.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the cross-section P-P in fig. 5.
In the figure: a-selective laser melting in-situ synthesis part (distributed according to 4 x 4); b-selective laser melting of the in-situ synthesized part (distributed by 3 x 3).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Examples
As shown in FIG. 2, the invention discloses an apparatus for in-situ synthesis of digitized material based on atmosphere SLM, comprising a sealed forming chamber 4, a scanning galvanometer 2 for controlling a laser beam 3, and a forming substrate 10.
The device also comprises an active gas inlet 6 and an active gas outlet 13 which participate in the in-situ synthesis reaction, and an argon gas inlet 8 and an argon gas outlet 15.
The argon inlet 8 is positioned on the lower side wall of one side of the forming chamber 4, and the argon outlet 15 is positioned on the upper side wall of the other side of the forming chamber 4; since argon has a larger relative molecular mass than air, that is, argon is heavier than air, the above arrangement is advantageous in quickly discharging the air and the like in the molding chamber out of the molding chamber.
The active gas inlet 6 is located at the upper side wall of one side of the forming chamber 4, and the active gas outlet 13 is located at the lower side wall of the other side of the forming chamber 4. This arrangement facilitates the evacuation of the original forming chamber air or inert gas (argon), since the relative molecular mass of the reactive gas (nitrogen) is slightly lower than that of air, i.e. the reactive gas (nitrogen) is slightly lighter than air.
The active gas in this embodiment is nitrogen, but is not limited to such a gas; the metal powder participating in the reaction is titanium alloy powder.
As shown in fig. 2, the molding substrate 10 is a base for molding the digital material part 11; the digital part 11 comprises a laser selective melting forming data 12 part and a laser selective melting in-situ synthesis part (A/B); the data of the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis are divided into two cases of A (distributed according to 4 multiplied by 4) and B (distributed according to 4 multiplied by 4).
An oxygen content measuring instrument 1 for detecting the oxygen content in the forming chamber and ensuring the indoor anaerobic environment and an active gas concentration measuring instrument 17 for detecting the active gas content in the forming chamber are arranged in the sealed forming chamber 4;
the active gas inlet 6 is provided with an active gas flow meter 5 for detecting the flow rate of the active gas flowing into the molding chamber and an active gas inlet valve 7 for adjusting the inlet flow rate of the active gas; the active gas outlet 13 is provided with an active gas outlet valve 14 for adjusting the outlet flow of the active gas. They are used to regulate, monitor, etc. the proportion, concentration, etc. of the reactive gas in the forming chamber.
The argon inlet 8 is provided with an argon inlet valve 9 for adjusting inlet flow, and the argon outlet 15 is provided with an argon outlet valve 16 for adjusting outlet flow. They are used to ensure the oxygen-free environment in the forming chamber when the selective laser melting forming is carried out.
The implementation process of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the attribute requirements of the parts, respectively carrying out slicing processing on a selective laser melting forming part model not containing an enhancement phase and a selective laser melting in-situ synthesis part model containing the enhancement phase, so as to respectively obtain selective laser melting forming data 12 and selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data (A/B), wherein the two groups of data are combined together to form a complete digital material part 11, and then the data are led into a selective laser melting forming equipment software system; the forming process of the part comprises a selective laser melting forming process and a selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process; in the selective laser melting and forming process, inert gas (argon) is used as protective gas, the selective laser melting and forming part which does not contain the enhancement phase is selective laser melting and forming data 12, in the selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis process, active gas (nitrogen) is used as reaction atmosphere for in-situ synthesis in a forming chamber, inert gas (argon) is used as auxiliary atmosphere, and the selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis part which contains the enhancement phase is selective laser in-situ synthesis data (A/B);
step two: firstly, in the selective laser melting and forming process, according to selective laser melting and forming data 12 of the part, in a forming chamber filled with inert protective gas (argon), an entity of a designated area is melted and formed through the selective laser so as to complete the entity area forming operation of generating metal/ceramic reinforced particles without in-situ synthesis reaction of the layer;
step three: after the selective laser melting and forming operation of the layer of the entity in the second step is completed, if the layer contains selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data (A/B), switching to a selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process, introducing active gas (nitrogen) and enabling the active gas (nitrogen) to become a reaction atmosphere of a forming chamber, taking inert gas-argon as an auxiliary atmosphere, performing a selective laser scanning on a region set according to the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data of the part to enable specific alloy (titanium alloy) powder and the active gas (nitrogen) to perform a laser in-situ synthesis reaction to generate metal/ceramic reinforced particles so as to complete the region forming operation of the layer of the entity subjected to selective laser melting in-situ synthesis;
step four: after the entity forming operation of the layer subjected to the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis in the step three is completed, switching to the selective laser melting forming process to continue to complete the preset entity forming operation of the next layer without in-situ synthesis reaction;
step five: and repeating the second step to the fourth step until the whole part processing operation is completed, and obtaining the digital functional material with the metal/ceramic reinforced particles distributed according to the preset proportion and shape.
Step one, the selective laser melting molding data model and the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data model form complete part information together through 'parallel (U)' Boolean operation, and no data intersection exists between the two groups of data models;
the selective laser melting forming data 12 and selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data (A/B) in the first step can respectively adopt different laser process parameters, scanning strategies and the like, but the thicknesses of powder laying layers adopted by the two groups of data are the same, and the thickness of each layer is 20-50 mu m;
step three, the in-situ synthesis of the area by selective laser melting comprises the following steps: the whole molding surface area of the layer of entity except the designated area of the selective laser melting molding data;
in the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process, under the condition of auxiliary regulation and control of auxiliary atmosphere (argon), the gas inflow, concentration ratio and the like of the active gas (nitrogen) can be regulated and monitored through an active gas (nitrogen) inlet valve (7), an active gas (nitrogen) flowmeter (5) and an active gas concentration measuring instrument (17) so as to control the number, ratio and the like of metal/ceramic reinforced particles generated by in-situ synthesis;
performing primary powder paving on the molding surface before the second step, and after the second step is completed and before the third step is started, no powder paving is performed on the molding surface; after finishing all the processing operations of the layer and before the next layer of processing operation, spreading powder on the molding surface again for one time;
after the selective laser melting and forming process is completed on all layers, whether the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process needs to be carried out or not is judged, and if the current layer does not contain selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data (A/B), the second step is continued;
as described above, the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis reaction of the present invention can realize gradient change distribution of the proportion, the number, the particle size, etc. of the metal/ceramic reinforced particles inside the part through the change of the intake amount and the concentration of the active gas and the free combination of the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process parameters (laser power, laser beam scanning speed, laser beam scanning interval, etc.), and can distribute the metal/ceramic reinforced particles inside the part according to the predetermined shape structure through the switching of the selective laser melting forming process and the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process according to the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data, thereby realizing the selective laser melting direct forming of the tissue gradient and performance gradient digital material, and playing an important role in the research, development and manufacture of future digital materials.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for in-situ synthesis of a digitized material based on an atmospheric SLM, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the attribute requirements of the parts, respectively carrying out slicing processing on the selective laser melting forming part model not containing the enhancement phase and the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis part model containing the enhancement phase, thereby respectively obtaining two groups of data, namely selective laser melting forming data (12) and selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data;
the two groups of data are combined together to form a complete digital material part (11), and then the data are led into a selective laser melting molding equipment system; the forming process of the digital material part (11) comprises a selective laser melting forming process and a selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process;
in the selective laser melting and forming process, inert gas is used as protective gas, and the selective laser melting and forming part which does not contain the reinforcing phase is selective laser melting and forming data (12); in the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process, active gas is used as reaction atmosphere for in-situ synthesis in a forming chamber, inert gas is used as auxiliary atmosphere, and the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis part containing an enhanced phase is selective laser in-situ synthesis data;
step two: firstly, in the selective laser melting and forming process, according to selective laser melting and forming data (12) of a part, in a forming chamber filled with inert protective gas, an entity in a designated area is melted and formed through selective laser so as to complete the entity area forming operation that the entity does not generate in-situ synthesis reaction to generate metal/ceramic reinforced particles;
step three: after the selective laser melting and forming operation of the layer of entity in the second step is completed, if the layer of entity contains selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data, switching to the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis process, introducing active gas and enabling the active gas to become a reaction atmosphere of a forming chamber, taking argon as an auxiliary atmosphere, enabling specific simple substance metal powder or alloy powder and the active gas to perform a laser in-situ synthesis reaction to generate metal/ceramic reinforced particles according to a region set by the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data of the laser of the part through laser selective scanning, and completing the region forming operation of the layer of entity subjected to selective laser melting in-situ synthesis;
step four: after the entity forming operation of the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis is completed in the third step, switching to the selective laser melting forming process to continue to complete the preset entity forming operation without in-situ synthesis reaction in the next layer;
step five: and repeating the second step to the fourth step until the whole part processing operation is completed, and obtaining the digital functional material with the metal/ceramic reinforced particles distributed according to the preset proportion and shape.
2. The method for ambient SLM in-situ synthesis of digitized materials as claimed in claim 1 with the selected laser area in-situ synthesis data comprising selected laser area in-situ synthesis a data and selected laser area in-situ synthesis B data.
3. The ambient SLM-based method for in-situ synthesis of digital materials according to claim 2, wherein the model of the selective laser melting modeling data and the model of the selective laser melting in-situ synthesis data together form complete part information by a 'and (U)' Boolean operation, and there is no data intersection between the two data models.
4. The ambient SLM in-situ synthesis method for digitized materials based on claim 3 characterized in that step one the laser selective melting modeling data (12) and the laser selective melting in-situ synthesis data are both in the same layer thickness of the applied powder, i.e. the layer thickness of each layer is 20 μm to 50 μm.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step three of the solid area forming operation is an in-situ synthesis of area by selective laser melting, and comprises: the entire molding surface area of the layer entity except for the laser selective melting molding data designated area.
6. The method for SLM (selective laser melting) in-situ synthesis of digital materials based on atmosphere according to claim 5, wherein in the step three, the amount and the concentration ratio of the active gas can be adjusted and monitored by the active gas inlet valve (7), the active gas flow meter (5) and the active gas concentration meter (17) under the condition of auxiliary atmosphere auxiliary regulation to control the amount and the ratio of the metal/ceramic strengthening particles generated by in-situ synthesis.
7. The method for in-situ synthesis of digitized materials based on atmospheric SLM of claim 6 with the feature that the shaping surface is dusted once before the start of step two and not dusted any more after the completion of step two and before the start of step three; and after finishing all the processing operations of the layer and before carrying out the next layer of processing operation, spreading the powder on the forming surface again for one time.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein after the selective laser melting and forming process is completed on all layers of the whole part in the fifth step, it is determined whether the selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis process is required, and if the current layer does not contain selective laser melting and in-situ synthesis data, the second step is continued.
9. An apparatus for in-situ synthesis of digitized materials based on atmospheric SLM for use in the method according to any of claims 1-8 comprising a sealed shaping chamber (4), a scanning galvanometer (2) controlling the laser beam (3) and a shaping substrate (10); the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises an active gas inlet (6) and an active gas outlet (13) which participate in the in-situ synthesis reaction, and an argon gas inlet (8) and an argon gas outlet (15);
the argon inlet (8) is positioned on the lower side wall of one side of the forming chamber (4), and the argon outlet (15) is positioned on the upper side wall of the other side of the forming chamber (4);
the active gas inlet (6) is positioned on the upper side wall of one side of the forming chamber (4), and the active gas outlet (13) is positioned on the lower side wall of the other side of the forming chamber (4).
10. The apparatus for ambient SLM-based in-situ synthesis of digitized materials as claimed in claim 9 characterized by: an oxygen content measuring instrument (1) for detecting the oxygen content in the forming chamber and ensuring the indoor anaerobic environment and an active gas concentration measuring instrument (17) for detecting the active gas content in the forming chamber are arranged in the sealed forming chamber (4);
the active gas inlet (6) is provided with an active gas flowmeter (5) for detecting the flow rate of the active gas flowing into the molding chamber and an active gas inlet valve (7) for adjusting the inlet flow rate of the active gas; the active gas outlet (13) is provided with an active gas outlet valve (14) for adjusting the outlet flow of the active gas;
the argon inlet (8) is provided with an argon inlet valve (9) for adjusting the inlet flow, and the argon outlet (15) is provided with an argon outlet valve (16) for adjusting the outlet flow.
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