CN112272046A - Signal forwarding device - Google Patents
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- CN112272046A CN112272046A CN202011181415.5A CN202011181415A CN112272046A CN 112272046 A CN112272046 A CN 112272046A CN 202011181415 A CN202011181415 A CN 202011181415A CN 112272046 A CN112272046 A CN 112272046A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/50—Circuits using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
- H04B1/52—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
- H04B1/525—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a signal forwarding apparatus, including: an N-port circulator and N-2 impedance matching units; the N ports of the N-port circulator are sequentially arranged; any port of the N-port circulator is used as an input port of the signal forwarding device; the input port is used as a first port; the Nth port is connected with a resistor with a preset resistance value; one end of each of the N-2 impedance matching units is correspondingly connected with the second port to the N-1 th port of the circulator one by one, and the other end of each of the N-2 impedance matching units is used as N-2 output ports of the signal forwarding device; for each impedance matching unit, setting to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching unit so that when the impedance is matched, the input signal is output from the output port corresponding to the impedance matching unit; when the impedances are not matched, the input signal continues to be transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of quantum computing, in particular to a signal forwarding device.
Background
With the increasing complexity of quantum integrated circuits, the demand for processing and computing power of nodes is increasing, and in quantum systems, a signal forwarding device capable of transmitting signals from one port to multiple ports under low temperature conditions is a key component. When the existing signal forwarding device transmits signals, the input and output ports cannot be isolated, which inevitably causes mutual interference of input information and output information. Further, the conventional signal transfer device cannot be integrated with a superconducting circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosed embodiment provides a signal forwarding device, including:
an N-port circulator and N-2 impedance matching units; wherein N is an integer, and N is not less than 3;
the N ports of the N-port circulator are sequentially arranged; any port of the N-port circulator is used as an input port of the signal forwarding device; the input port is used as a first port; the Nth port is connected with a resistor with a preset resistance value;
one end of each of the N-2 impedance matching units is correspondingly connected with the second port to the N-1 th port of the circulator one by one, and the other end of each of the N-2 impedance matching units is used as N-2 output ports of the signal forwarding device;
for each impedance matching unit, setting to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching unit so that when the impedance is matched, the input signal is output from the output port corresponding to the impedance matching unit; when the impedances are not matched, the input signal continues to be transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, each impedance matching unit includes a transmission line, an impedance matching circuit, and an impedance adjusting circuit;
the transmission line comprises a connecting line between the circulator port corresponding to the impedance matching unit and the impedance matching circuit;
the impedance matching circuits correspond to the impedance adjusting circuits one to one;
the impedance adjusting circuit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching circuit; such that when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line matches the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, a signal is output from an output port corresponding to the impedance matching circuit; when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is not matched with the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, the signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance matching circuit comprises a coplanar waveguide CPW and a set of superconducting quantum interference SQUID; the coplanar waveguide is in series with the set of SQUIDs; the group of SQUIDs comprises one SQUID or a plurality of SQUIDs connected in series;
the SQUID comprises a first inductance;
the impedance adjusting circuit comprises a second inductor and a direct current power supply;
the first inductor and the second inductor form mutual inductance;
the second inductor is arranged to change the inductance value of the first inductor in the magnetic field by changing the current of the second inductor.
In an exemplary embodiment, the circulator is an on-chip microwave circulator.
In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined resistance value is 50 ohms.
The signal forwarding device of the embodiment of the disclosure realizes the function of signal forwarding and can isolate the input and output ports.
The disclosed embodiment provides another signal forwarding apparatus, including: an N-port circulator, N-3 impedance matching units and a reflection-type amplifier; wherein N is an integer, and N is not less than 4;
the N ports of the N-port circulator are sequentially arranged; any port of the N-port circulator is used as an input port of the signal forwarding device; the input port is used as a first port; the second port is connected to the reflection amplifier; the Nth port is connected with a resistor with a preset resistance value;
one end of each of the N-3 impedance matching units is correspondingly connected with the third port to the (N-1) th port of the N-port circulator, and the other end of each of the N-3 impedance matching units is used as N-3 output ports of the signal forwarding device;
the reflection-type amplifier is arranged to amplify the input signal transmitted to the second port and transmit the amplified input signal;
each impedance matching unit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching unit so that the amplified input signal is output from the output port corresponding to the impedance matching unit when the impedances are matched; when the impedance is not matched, the amplified input signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, each impedance matching unit includes a transmission line, an impedance matching circuit, and an impedance adjusting circuit;
the transmission line comprises a connecting line between the circulator port corresponding to the impedance matching unit and the impedance matching circuit;
the impedance matching circuits correspond to the impedance adjusting circuits one to one;
the impedance adjusting circuit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching circuit; such that when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line matches the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, a signal is output from an output port corresponding to the impedance matching circuit; when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is not matched with the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, the signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance matching circuit comprises a coplanar waveguide CPW and a set of superconducting quantum interference SQUID; the coplanar waveguide CPW is connected in series with the set of SQUIDs; the group of SQUIDs comprises one SQUID or a plurality of SQUIDs connected in series;
the SQUID comprises a first inductance;
the impedance adjusting circuit comprises a second inductor and a direct current power supply;
the first inductor and the second inductor form mutual inductance;
the second inductor is arranged to change the inductance value of the first inductor in the magnetic field by changing the current of the second inductor.
In an exemplary embodiment, the circulator is an on-chip microwave circulator.
In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined resistance value is 50 ohms.
The signal forwarding device of the embodiment of the disclosure realizes the functions of signal amplification and signal forwarding, and can isolate the input and output ports.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal forwarding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal forwarding apparatus according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 3 is an example of impedance matching for an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal forwarding device composed of a six-port circulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a signal forwarding apparatus with a signal amplification function, which is composed of a six-port circulator according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal forwarding device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 1, the signal forwarding device according to the embodiment includes: an N-port circulator and N-2 impedance matching units; wherein N is an integer, and N is not less than 3;
the N ports of the N-port circulator are sequentially arranged; any port of the N-port circulator is used as an input port of the signal forwarding device; the input port is used as a first port; the Nth port is connected with a resistor with a preset resistance value;
one end of each of the N-2 impedance matching units is correspondingly connected with the second port to the N-1 th port of the circulator one by one, and the other end of each of the N-2 impedance matching units is used as N-2 output ports of the signal forwarding device;
for each impedance matching unit, setting to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching unit so that when the impedance is matched, the input signal is output from the output port corresponding to the impedance matching unit; when the impedances are not matched, the input signal continues to be transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
The signal forwarding device comprises a circulator and an impedance matching unit, wherein when the impedance matching unit realizes impedance matching, an input signal is output from an output port corresponding to the impedance matching unit; when the impedance is not matched, the input signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction, and the function of signal forwarding is realized.
In an exemplary embodiment, each impedance matching unit includes a transmission line, an impedance matching circuit, and an impedance adjusting circuit;
the transmission line comprises a connecting line between the circulator port corresponding to the impedance matching unit and the impedance matching circuit;
the impedance matching circuits correspond to the impedance adjusting circuits one to one;
the impedance adjusting circuit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching circuit; such that when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line matches the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, a signal is output from an output port corresponding to the impedance matching circuit; when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is not matched with the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, the signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
And after the input signal reaches the next port, if the impedance of the impedance matching circuit corresponding to the port is matched, the input signal is output from the output port corresponding to the impedance matching circuit, and if the impedance of the impedance matching circuit corresponding to the port is not matched, the input signal is continuously transmitted to the next port until the Nth port.
The transmission line refers to a connection line between a port of the circulator and the impedance matching circuit, and does not include a connection line between the impedance matching circuit and the impedance adjusting circuit.
In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance matching circuit comprises a coplanar waveguide CPW and a set of superconducting quantum interference SQUID; the coplanar waveguide CPW is connected in series with the set of SQUIDs; the group of SQUIDs comprises one SQUID or a plurality of SQUIDs connected in series;
the SQUID comprises a first inductance;
the impedance adjusting circuit comprises a second inductor and a direct current power supply;
the first inductor and the second inductor form mutual inductance;
the second inductor is arranged to change the inductance value of the first inductor in the magnetic field by changing the current of the second inductor.
In an exemplary embodiment, the circulator may be an on-chip microwave circulator. An on-chip microwave circulator (on-chip microwave circulator) is a circulator that can be integrated with a superconducting circuit. The signal forwarding device comprising the on-chip microwave circulator is small in size, and plays a role in isolating a signal source and a receiving end. In other embodiments, the circulator may be other types of circulators, and is not limited to an on-chip microwave circulator.
In an exemplary embodiment, the preset resistance may be 50 ohms. In other embodiments, the user can set the preset value according to the actual situation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal forwarding device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 2, the signal forwarding device according to the embodiment includes: an N-port circulator, N-3 impedance matching units and a reflection-type amplifier; wherein N is an integer, and N is not less than 4;
the N ports of the N-port circulator are sequentially arranged; any port of the N-port circulator is used as an input port of the signal forwarding device; the input port is used as a first port; the second port is connected to the reflection amplifier; the Nth port is connected with a resistor with a preset resistance value;
one end of each of the N-3 impedance matching units is correspondingly connected with the third port to the (N-1) th port of the N-port circulator, and the other end of each of the N-3 impedance matching units is used as N-3 output ports of the signal forwarding device;
the reflection-type amplifier is arranged to amplify the input signal transmitted to the second port and transmit the amplified input signal;
each impedance matching unit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching unit so that the amplified input signal is output from the output port corresponding to the impedance matching unit when the impedances are matched; when the impedance is not matched, the amplified input signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, the reflection Amplifier may be, for example, JPA (Josephson Parametric Amplifier).
In an exemplary embodiment, each impedance matching unit includes a transmission line, an impedance matching circuit, and an impedance adjusting circuit;
the transmission line comprises a connecting line between the circulator port corresponding to the impedance matching unit and the impedance matching circuit;
the impedance matching circuits correspond to the impedance adjusting circuits one to one;
the impedance adjusting circuit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching circuit; such that when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line matches the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, a signal is output from an output port corresponding to the impedance matching circuit; when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is not matched with the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, the signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a three-port circulator is taken as an example, where 2 ports are output ports, characteristic impedances of all points on a transmission line of the output ports are the same, and any point is an a point, the a point is a characteristic impedance of the transmission line, an integrated circuit composed of the CPW and the SQUID is considered as a load B, and a load impedance of the B is matched with the characteristic impedance of the transmission line at the a point. In fig. 3, "X" represents a "josephson junction", and two "xs" are connected in parallel to form a SQUID. In order to more visually represent the inductance in the SQUID, two "xs" are respectively used to represent the two inductances in series, and the inductance L1 refers to the inductance of the SQUID.
In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance matching circuit comprises a coplanar waveguide cpw (coplanar waveguide) and a set of superconducting quantum interference SQUID; the coplanar waveguide CPW is connected in series with the set of SQUIDs; the group of SQUIDs comprises one SQUID or a plurality of SQUIDs connected in series;
the SQUID comprises a first inductance;
the impedance adjusting circuit comprises a second inductor and a direct current power supply;
the first inductor and the second inductor form mutual inductance;
the second inductor is arranged to change the inductance value of the first inductor in the magnetic field by changing the current of the second inductor.
According to the oersted principle, a magnetic field exists around the energized conductor, so that the current in the impedance adjusting circuit generates a magnetic field, when the current is changed, the generated magnetic field intensity is changed, the magnetic field intensity passing through the SQUID is also changed, and further, the inductance value of the SQUID is also changed, so that the impedance of the impedance matching circuit is changed. The magnetic flux of the SQUID ring is changed through mutual inductance of the first inductor and the second inductor, and then the equivalent inductance of the SQUID, namely the impedance of the whole circuit formed by the SQUID and the CPW is changed.
In an exemplary embodiment, the dc power source in the impedance adjusting circuit may be a dc voltage source, and in some other exemplary embodiments, the dc power source in the impedance adjusting circuit may be a dc current source.
In an exemplary embodiment, the circulator may be an on-chip microwave circulator. An on-chip microwave circulator (on-chip microwave circulator) is a circulator that can be integrated with a superconducting circuit. The signal forwarding device comprising the on-chip microwave circulator is small in size, and plays a role in isolating a signal source and a receiving end. In other embodiments, the circulator may be other types of circulators, and is not limited to an on-chip microwave circulator.
In an exemplary embodiment, the preset resistance may be 50 ohms. In other embodiments, the user can set the preset value according to the actual situation.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal forwarding device composed of a six-port circulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 4, the signal forwarding device includes a six-port circulator, 5 coplanar waveguides CPW, 5 SQUIDs, and 5 sets of bias lines bias line.
The six-port circulator is a six-port on-chip circulator, and one port of the circulator is connected with an input signal and used as a first port; the 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th ports are respectively connected with the CPW, and the 6 th port is connected with a 50 ohm matched load. One end of each CPW is connected with a SQUID in series. The equivalent inductance of the SQUID is adjusted through an additional signal bias line, so that the impedance of a circuit formed by the CPW and the SQUID is changed.
As shown in fig. 4, taking a three-port circulator as an example, where 2 ports are output ports, the characteristic impedances of all points on the output port transmission line are the same, and if any point is a point, point a is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, and the integrated circuit composed of the CPW and the SQUID is regarded as a load B, and the load impedance of B is matched with the characteristic impedance of the transmission line at point a.
Regarding the circuit composed of the CPW and the SQUID as a load (as shown in fig. 3), when the characteristic impedance of the "transmission line connecting the circulator port and the CPW" matches the load impedance of the "circuit composed of the CPW and the SQUID", a signal is output from the output port corresponding to the circulator port. When the impedance of the "transmission line connecting the circulator port and the CPW" does not match the impedance of the "circuit composed of the CPW and the SQUID", the signal continues to be transmitted to the next port of the circulator along the circulating direction until it is absorbed by the resistance of the 6-port.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, a coplanar waveguide CPW is added to a port of a six-port circulator, and a SQUID is connected to the CPW in series, so that the impedance of the CPW can be changed by adjusting an equivalent inductance through an added signal (that is, the impedance of an output port can be adjusted and controlled through an external signal), a port with matched impedance has signal output, a port with unmatched impedance has no signal output, and a signal forwarding function of one-port input to multi-port output is realized.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a signal forwarding apparatus with a signal amplification function, which is composed of a six-port circulator according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the signal repeater of the present embodiment includes a six-port circulator, a reflection type amplifier such as JPA, CPW, SQUID, and a Bias line.
Taking any port of the circulator as the first port as an example, the second port is connected with a reflection type amplifier such as JPA, the 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th ports are respectively connected with CPW, the CPW is connected with SQUID in series, and the 6 th port is connected with a 50 ohm resistor.
Signals are input into the 2 port from the 1 port, the 2 port is connected with a reflection type amplifier such as JPA, the signals are amplified by the JPA and then are continuously output from the 2 port to the next port (any port with impedance matching in the 2-6 ports), and therefore the amplified signals can be prevented from being reflected back to the 1 port from the 2 port.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps of the above methods may be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, and the like. Alternatively, all or part of the steps of the above embodiments may be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. Accordingly, each module/unit in the above embodiments may be implemented in the form of hardware, and may also be implemented in the form of a software functional module. The present disclosure is not limited to any specific form of combination of hardware and software.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, and there are certainly many other embodiments of the present disclosure, which will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure and it is therefore intended that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A signal transfer apparatus, characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps: an N-port circulator and N-2 impedance matching units; wherein N is an integer, and N is not less than 3;
the N ports of the N-port circulator are sequentially arranged; any port of the N-port circulator is used as an input port of the signal forwarding device; the input port is used as a first port; the Nth port is connected with a resistor with a preset resistance value;
one end of each of the N-2 impedance matching units is correspondingly connected with the second port to the N-1 th port of the circulator one by one, and the other end of each of the N-2 impedance matching units is used as N-2 output ports of the signal forwarding device;
for each impedance matching unit, setting to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching unit so that when the impedance is matched, the input signal is output from the output port corresponding to the impedance matching unit; when the impedances are not matched, the input signal continues to be transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
2. The signal repeating apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
each impedance matching unit comprises a transmission line, an impedance matching circuit and an impedance adjusting circuit;
the transmission line comprises a connecting line between the circulator port corresponding to the impedance matching unit and the impedance matching circuit;
the impedance matching circuits correspond to the impedance adjusting circuits one to one;
the impedance adjusting circuit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching circuit; such that when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line matches the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, a signal is output from an output port corresponding to the impedance matching circuit; when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is not matched with the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, the signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
3. The signal repeating apparatus of claim 2, comprising:
the impedance matching circuit comprises a coplanar waveguide CPW and a group of superconducting quantum interference SQUIDs; the coplanar waveguide CPW is connected in series with the set of SQUIDs; the group of SQUIDs comprises one SQUID or a plurality of SQUIDs connected in series;
the SQUID comprises a first inductance;
the impedance adjusting circuit comprises a second inductor and a direct current power supply;
the first inductor and the second inductor form mutual inductance;
the second inductor is arranged to change the inductance value of the first inductor in the magnetic field by changing the current of the second inductor.
4. The signal repeating apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
the circulator is an on-chip microwave circulator.
5. The signal repeating apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
the preset resistance value is 50 ohms.
6. A signal transfer apparatus, characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps: an N-port circulator, N-3 impedance matching units and a reflection-type amplifier; wherein N is an integer, and N is not less than 4;
the N ports of the N-port circulator are sequentially arranged; any port of the N-port circulator is used as an input port of the signal forwarding device; the input port is used as a first port; the second port is connected to the reflection amplifier; the Nth port is connected with a resistor with a preset resistance value;
one end of each of the N-3 impedance matching units is correspondingly connected with the third port to the (N-1) th port of the N-port circulator, and the other end of each of the N-3 impedance matching units is used as N-3 output ports of the signal forwarding device;
the reflection-type amplifier is arranged to amplify the input signal transmitted to the second port and transmit the amplified input signal;
each impedance matching unit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching unit so that the amplified input signal is output from the output port corresponding to the impedance matching unit when the impedances are matched; when the impedance is not matched, the amplified input signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
7. The signal repeating apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
each impedance matching unit comprises a transmission line, an impedance matching circuit and an impedance adjusting circuit;
the transmission line comprises a connecting line between the circulator port corresponding to the impedance matching unit and the impedance matching circuit;
the impedance matching circuits correspond to the impedance adjusting circuits one to one;
the impedance adjusting circuit is arranged to adjust the impedance of the impedance matching circuit; such that when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line matches the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, a signal is output from an output port corresponding to the impedance matching circuit; when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is not matched with the impedance of the impedance matching circuit, the signal is continuously transmitted to the next port of the N-port circulator along the circulating direction.
8. The signal repeating apparatus of claim 7, comprising:
the impedance matching circuit comprises a coplanar waveguide CPW and a group of superconducting quantum interference SQUIDs; the coplanar waveguide CPW is connected in series with the set of SQUIDs; the group of SQUIDs comprises one SQUID or a plurality of SQUIDs connected in series;
the SQUID comprises a first inductance;
the impedance adjusting circuit comprises a second inductor and a direct current power supply;
the first inductor and the second inductor form mutual inductance;
the second inductor is arranged to change the inductance value of the first inductor in the magnetic field by changing the current of the second inductor.
9. The signal repeating apparatus of claim 6, comprising:
the circulator is an on-chip microwave circulator.
10. The signal repeating apparatus of claim 6, comprising:
the preset resistance value is 50 ohms.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113225028A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-06 | 清华大学 | On-chip reflection type quantum amplifier with nonreciprocity |
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| CN112272046B (en) | 2021-12-10 |
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