CN112275593A - Method for improving coating microstructure - Google Patents
Method for improving coating microstructure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112275593A CN112275593A CN202011106777.8A CN202011106777A CN112275593A CN 112275593 A CN112275593 A CN 112275593A CN 202011106777 A CN202011106777 A CN 202011106777A CN 112275593 A CN112275593 A CN 112275593A
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynol Chemical group OC#C QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002080 8 mol% Y2O3 fully stabilized ZrO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010286 high velocity air fuel Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001119 inconels 625 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
- B05D1/38—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment with intermediate treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
一种改进涂层微观结构的方法，喷涂前，对基材背面加热至一定温度(喷涂陶瓷类粉末基材背面加热温度为600℃‑700℃，喷涂金属粉末基材背面加热温度为350℃‑450℃)。喷涂过程中，一直保持基材背面加热，同时对已沉积涂层表面进行强化处理(喷涂陶瓷类粉末可采用喷丸强化，喷涂金属粉末可采用激光冲击强化)。重复上述步骤至涂层达到一定厚度后停止喷涂。通过喷涂过程中对基材背面加热至恒定温度和对已沉积涂层表面进行冲击强化达到改进涂层的微观结构，本发明方法简单，可操作性强。同传统方法制备涂层微观结构相比，改进后涂层微观组织致密，孔隙率下降，层状结构部分消失，涂层性能大幅提高。
A method for improving the microstructure of a coating. Before spraying, the backside of the substrate is heated to a certain temperature (the heating temperature on the backside of the sprayed ceramic powder substrate is 600°C-700°C, and the heating temperature on the backside of the sprayed metal powder substrate is 350°C- 450°C). During the spraying process, the backside of the substrate is kept heated, and at the same time, the surface of the deposited coating is strengthened (shot peening can be used for spraying ceramic powder, and laser shock strengthening can be used for spraying metal powder). Repeat the above steps until the coating reaches a certain thickness and stop spraying. The microstructure of the coating can be improved by heating the backside of the substrate to a constant temperature and performing impact strengthening on the surface of the deposited coating during the spraying process. The method of the invention is simple and has strong operability. Compared with the coating microstructure prepared by the traditional method, the improved coating microstructure is dense, the porosity decreases, the layered structure partially disappears, and the coating performance is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coating preparation, and particularly relates to a method for improving a coating microstructure.
Background
In recent years, with the optimization of power structures, the development of operation technologies such as deep peak regulation, quality improvement and efficiency improvement, the construction of advanced power generation technologies and large power stations, power equipment faces new and worse working conditions. The equipment such as thermal power generation, nuclear power steam turbines, pumps and the like through-flow components, water head turbine through-flow components, power station fluid pipelines and the like are increasingly damaged at a high speed and a high degree under the coupling action of various severe working conditions such as water erosion, cavitation erosion, abrasion and the like in the service process. The requirement of the parts on the service life of the coating is higher and higher, and the traditional thermal spraying coating applied to conventional thermal power and hydroelectric equipment for many years is difficult to meet the requirement that the power development cannot be met.
The traditional thermal spraying coating is essentially a layered structure sediment formed by stacking melted metal or ceramic flat particles, a large number of unbonded interfaces exist among layers (the interface of conventional plasma spraying ceramic is not bonded by up to 70 percent), meanwhile, a large number of unbonded interfaces exist in the preparation process of the metal coating, and pores penetrating to a base material can be formed in the coating by mutual penetration of the unbonded interfaces, so that a corrosive medium in a service environment can easily reach the base material along the through pores, and effective physical shielding can not be provided for the base material; under the mechanical action of water erosion, cavitation erosion, abrasion and the like, the coating is peeled off one by taking single flat particles as units, so that the coating is quickly thinned. On the other hand, because the thermal spray coating and the base material are mechanically combined, the bonding strength is relatively low and is usually not higher than 70MPa, and the coating may be peeled off locally or wholly by the high-stress mechanical action of repeated vibration, water erosion, cavitation and the like of the component, so that the coating fails rapidly, and the intrinsic excellent characteristics of the coating material are difficult to exert. The main strategy for improving the service performance and service life of the thermal spraying coating and further meeting the development requirements of the power industry is to improve the bonding proportion among flat particles in the thermal spraying coating and the bonding strength between the coating and a base material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for improving the microstructure of a coating, which can effectively improve the interlayer bonding of flat particles in the coating, thereby improving the coating performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of modifying the microstructure of a coating comprising the steps of:
step 1: before the coating is prepared, degreasing the surface of the base material, and then sandblasting the surface to the required roughness;
step 2: after the sand blasting is finished, the back surface of the base material is heated before spraying, and then spraying is started; in the spraying process, the back surface of the base material is kept heated all the time;
and step 3: strengthening the surface of the deposited coating in the spraying process;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 2 and the step 3 until the coating reaches the preset thickness, and stopping spraying;
and 5: and after the spraying is stopped, the heating of the back surface of the base material is slowly stopped, and the temperature is kept to be gradually reduced in the stopping process.
The heating mode of the back surface of the base material can be selected from oxyacetylene flame heating, electromagnetic induction heating and the like;
the back heating temperature of the base material is determined according to the type of the powder to be sprayed, the back heating temperature of the ceramic powder base material is 600-700 ℃, and the back heating temperature of the metal powder base material is 350-450 ℃.
The strengthening treatment is determined according to the type of the powder to be sprayed, the ceramic powder can be sprayed by adopting a shot blasting process for strengthening, and the metal powder can be sprayed by adopting laser shock strengthening.
The shot blasting process uses ceramic shots with a chemical composition of approximately 67% ZrO231% of SiO2And 2% of Al2O3The main impurities are prepared by melting, atomizing, drying, selecting round and screening, and the hardness is equal to HRC 57-63; the working pressure of the ceramic pill is 0.4-0.6 MPa.
The laser power density of the laser shock peening is 0.4GW/cm2～1.2GW/cm2The pulse frequency is adjustable between 0Hz and 10 Hz.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention achieves the purpose of improving the microstructure of the coating by heating the back surface of the base material to a constant temperature and carrying out impact reinforcement on the surface of the deposited coating in the spraying process, and has simple method and strong operability.
2) Compared with the coating microstructure prepared by the traditional method, the improved coating microstructure is compact, the porosity is reduced, the layered structure is partially disappeared, and the coating performance is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a typical thermal spray coating microstructure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a thermal spray coating prepared by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
The invention relates to a method for improving the microstructure of a coating, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: before the coating is prepared, degreasing the surface of the base material, and then sandblasting the surface to the required roughness;
step 2: after the sand blasting is finished, heating the back surface of the base material to a certain temperature before spraying, and then starting spraying; in the spraying process, the back surface of the base material is kept heated all the time;
and step 3: synchronously carrying out strengthening treatment on the surface of the deposited coating in the spraying process;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 2 and the step 3 until the coating reaches a certain thickness, and stopping spraying;
and 5: and after the spraying is stopped, the heating of the back surface of the base material is slowly stopped, and the temperature is kept to be gradually reduced in the stopping process.
The improved coating microstructure is shown in fig. 2, in contrast to a typical thermal spray coating microstructure (shown in fig. 1), where it can be seen that: after the back surface of the substrate is heated and the surface of the deposited coating is subjected to strengthening treatment, pores in the coating are reduced, a layered structure in the coating is reduced, the density of the coating is obviously improved, and the microstructure of the coating is obviously improved.
Example 1:
the atomized spherical Inconel powder is used as spraying powder (AMPERIT380, HC Starck GmbH), and the particle size is 15-45 μm. TP347H heat-resistant steel (1Cr19Ni11Nb) was used as a base material, and 16-mesh white corundum sand was subjected to sand blasting under a compressed air pressure of 0.8MPa before spraying. Using M3TMtype-HVAF spray system (Uniquecoat, USA) coatings were prepared under the parameters as shown in table 1. Before spraying, the substrate is preheated to 350 ℃ and then the coating is sprayed, and in the spraying process, the substrate is always kept in a 350 ℃ heating state. After the surface of the base material is sprayed for one time, carrying out laser shock strengthening on the surface of the deposited coating, wherein the laser shock strengthening parameters are as follows: the laser power density is 0.6GW/cm2The pulse frequency was 5 Hz. And after laser shock, continuing the next spraying and laser shock strengthening treatment, wherein the parameters of each spraying and laser strengthening treatment are the same as those of the first spraying and laser shock strengthening treatment. The above steps were repeated until the coating thickness became 200 μm and was stopped. And carrying out metallographic phase sample preparation on the prepared coating and observing a microstructure under a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the prepared coating has fewer pores, the layered structure in the coating is partially disappeared, and the coating is compact.
TABLE 1 spray parameters for Inconel 625 coatings
Example 2:
TP347H heat-resistant steel (1Cr19Ni11Nb) was used as a base material, and 16-mesh white corundum sand was subjected to sand blasting under a compressed air pressure of 0.8MPa before spraying. The melting crushed 8YSZ ceramic powder is selected, and the ceramic coating is prepared by APS spraying technology under the spraying parameter conditions shown in the table 2. Before spraying, the substrate is preheated to 700 ℃ and then starts to be sprayed with the coating, and the substrate is always kept in a 700 ℃ heating state in the spraying process. After the surface of the substrate is sprayed in one pass, the surface of the deposited coating is shot peened using ceramic shot (ZrO with a chemical composition of approximately 67%)231% of SiO2And 2% of Al2O3The main impurities are melted, atomized, dried, selected and screened, and the working pressure of the ceramic pill is 0.5 MPa. And after shot peening, continuing the next spraying and shot peening treatment, wherein the parameters of each spraying and shot peening treatment are the same as those of the first spraying and shot peening treatment. The above steps were repeated until the coating thickness was 150 μm and stopped. And carrying out metallographic phase sample preparation on the prepared coating and observing a microstructure under a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the prepared coating has fewer pores, the layered structure in the coating is partially disappeared, and the coating is compact.
TABLE 2 APS spray 8YSZ coating parameters
Claims (6)
1. A method of modifying the microstructure of a coating, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: before the coating is prepared, degreasing the surface of the base material, and then sandblasting the surface to the required roughness;
step 2: after the sand blasting is finished, the back surface of the base material is heated before spraying, and then spraying is started; in the spraying process, the back surface of the base material is kept heated all the time;
and step 3: strengthening the surface of the deposited coating in the spraying process;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 2 and the step 3 until the coating reaches the preset thickness, and stopping spraying;
and 5: and after the spraying is stopped, the heating of the back surface of the base material is slowly stopped, and the temperature is kept to be gradually reduced in the stopping process.
2. A method of modifying the microstructure of a coating according to claim 1, wherein: the heating mode of the back surface of the base material adopts oxyacetylene flame heating or electromagnetic induction heating.
3. A method of modifying the microstructure of a coating according to claim 1, wherein: the back heating temperature of the base material is determined according to the type of the powder to be sprayed, the back heating temperature of the ceramic powder base material is 600-700 ℃, and the back heating temperature of the metal powder base material is 350-450 ℃.
4. A method of modifying the microstructure of a coating according to claim 1, wherein: the strengthening treatment is determined according to the type of the powder to be sprayed, the ceramic powder is sprayed and strengthened by adopting a shot blasting process, and the metal powder is sprayed and strengthened by adopting laser shock.
5. A method of modifying the microstructure of a coating according to claim 4, wherein said coating is applied to a substrate, said method comprising: the shot blasting process adopts ceramic shots, and the chemical components of the ceramic shots are 67 percent of ZrO231% of SiO2And 2% of Al2O3The inclusions are prepared by melting, atomizing, drying, selecting round and screening, and the hardness of the inclusions is equal to HRC 57-63; the working pressure of the ceramic pill is 0.4-0.6 MPa.
6. A method of modifying the microstructure of a coating according to claim 4, wherein said coating is applied to a substrate, said method comprising: the laser power density of the laser shock peening is 0.4GW/cm2～1.2GW/cm2The pulse frequency is adjusted between 0Hz and 10 Hz.
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| CN202011106777.8A CN112275593B (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | A Method for Improving the Microstructure of Coatings |
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| CN202011106777.8A CN112275593B (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | A Method for Improving the Microstructure of Coatings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113186526A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-30 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Metal coating and preparation method thereof |
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