CN112226617A - Copper smelting method for improving stability - Google Patents
Copper smelting method for improving stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN112226617A CN112226617A CN202010892573.5A CN202010892573A CN112226617A CN 112226617 A CN112226617 A CN 112226617A CN 202010892573 A CN202010892573 A CN 202010892573A CN 112226617 A CN112226617 A CN 112226617A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
- C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/0052—Reduction smelting or converting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/10—Alloys based on copper with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a copper smelting method for improving stability, which comprises the following steps of S3: at the moment, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of tin, 15-20 parts of silicon, 5-9 parts of lead and 2-7 parts of zinc; s4, waste gas treatment: at the moment, the pipeline is communicated with the top of the smelting furnace, gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by using a vacuum pump, and the temperature is reduced. According to the copper smelting method for improving the stability, the Fe3O4 at the bottom of the metallurgical furnace can be reduced into low-price iron by adding the pig iron and the limestone, the fluidity of slag at the bottom of the metallurgical furnace is improved, the density of the pig iron and the limestone is lower than that of copper, the pig iron and the limestone can float to the surface of molten liquid after a copper material is melted, the contact chance with copper material impurities is increased when auxiliary materials float upwards, the slag removal speed of scrap copper is accelerated, the strength and the impact resistance of copper can be improved by matching with tin, silicon, lead and zinc added in the smelting furnace, and the stability of the copper is greatly enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper smelting, in particular to a copper smelting method for improving stability.
Background
The pyrometallurgy is that the raw ore containing copper in several percent or several thousandth is first beneficiated to 20-30% to obtain copper concentrate, which is then smelted in a closed blast furnace, a reverberatory furnace, an electric furnace or a flash furnace to produce matte, the produced matte is then blown into a converter to produce blister copper, and the matte is oxidized, refined and decontaminated in another reverberatory furnace or cast into an anode plate for electrolysis to obtain electrolytic copper with grade up to 99.9%. The process is simple and short, has strong adaptability, and the recovery rate of copper can reach 95 percent, but because sulfur in the ore is discharged as sulfur dioxide waste gas in two stages of matte making and converting, the sulfur is not easy to recover and is easy to cause pollution.
In the existing copper smelting method, more impurities exist on the surface and inside of the blister copper, and are not removed, so that the quality of copper can be reduced, the copper smelted by adopting a single copper simple substance has poor stability, insufficient strength and easy breakage, and meanwhile, the sulfur simple substance in the waste gas in the copper smelting process has poor recovery effect and higher cost, so that the invention provides the copper smelting method for improving the stability.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a copper smelting method for improving stability, and solves the problems that the surface and the interior of blister copper have more impurities, the stability of copper is poor, the recovery effect of elemental sulfur is poor, and the cost is higher in the existing copper smelting method.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a copper smelting method for improving stability specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: preheating a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace at 1200-1300 ℃, then placing packaged waste copper into the smelting furnace, enabling the packaged waste copper to form a molten state, simultaneously starting a blower to blow cold air into the smelting furnace, and fishing and scraping impurities on the surface of the molten waste copper;
s2, crude copper reduction: firstly, cutting and crushing a mixture of pig iron and limestone to form crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone, then adding the crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone into a smelting furnace in S1, floating the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone to the surface of molten waste copper, and fishing and scraping the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone;
s3, multi-element addition: at the moment, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of tin, 15-20 parts of silicon, 5-9 parts of lead and 2-7 parts of zinc;
s4, waste gas treatment: at the moment, the pipeline is communicated with the top of the smelting furnace, gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by using a vacuum pump, and after temperature reduction treatment, a reducing agent is added to reduce sulfur dioxide in the waste gas to sulfur simple substance for recycling;
s5, forming a copper bar: pouring molten copper quantitatively to a crystallization wheel, forming a coarse copper strip by the crystallization wheel, then drawing the coarse copper strip brought down by the crystallization wheel by a tractor, forming a fine copper strip by the coarse copper strip, and removing copper scraps and flash on the surface of the fine copper strip by a copper brush.
Preferably, when the smelting furnace is preheated in the step S1, the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled at 800-1000 ℃.
Preferably, when the crushed aggregates of the pig iron and limestone mixture are formed in the step S2, the size of the crushed aggregates of the mixture is controlled within 300 mm.
Preferably, in the step S3, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of tin, 15 parts of silicon, 5 parts of lead and 2 parts of zinc.
Preferably, in the step S3, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of tin, 18 parts of silicon, 7 parts of lead and 5 parts of zinc.
Preferably, in the step S3, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: tin: 12 parts of silicon, 20 parts of lead, 9 parts of lead and 7 parts of zinc.
Preferably, in S4, the gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by a vacuum pump, and the balance of the gas pressure inside the smelting furnace needs to be maintained through another pipeline.
Preferably, when the copper water is quantitatively poured into the crystallization wheel in the step S5, the surface temperature of the crystallization wheel is 1100-1200 ℃.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a copper smelting method for improving stability. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects: the copper smelting method for improving the stability comprises the following steps of S2, crude copper reduction: firstly, cutting and crushing a mixture of pig iron and limestone to form crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone, then adding the crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone into a smelting furnace in S1, floating the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone to the surface of molten waste copper, and fishing and scraping the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone; s3, multi-element addition: at the moment, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of tin, 15-20 parts of silicon, 5-9 parts of lead and 2-7 parts of zinc; s4, waste gas treatment: at the moment, a pipeline is communicated with the top of the smelting furnace, gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by using a vacuum pump, after temperature reduction treatment, a reducing agent is added to reduce sulfur dioxide in waste gas to a sulfur simple substance for recycling, Fe3O4 at the bottom of the smelting furnace can be reduced to low-price iron by adding pig iron and limestone, the fluidity of slag at the bottom of the smelting furnace is increased, the density of the pig iron and the limestone is lower than that of copper, the pig iron and the limestone float up to the surface of molten liquid after a copper material is melted, the contact chance with copper material impurities is increased when auxiliary materials float up, the deslagging speed of scrap copper is increased, the strength and the impact resistance of copper can be improved by matching with tin, silicon, lead and zinc added in the smelting furnace, the stability of copper is greatly enhanced, the gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by matching with the vacuum pump, the reducing agent is added to reduce the sulfur dioxide in the waste gas to the sulfur simple substance for recycling, greatly reduced the cost, work efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparative table of the copper metallurgy method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the embodiment of the present invention provides three technical solutions: a copper smelting method for improving stability specifically comprises the following embodiments:
example 1
S1, removing impurities: preheating a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace at 1200 ℃, then placing packaged waste copper into the smelting furnace, enabling the packaged waste copper to form a molten state, starting a blower to blow cold air into the smelting furnace, and fishing and scraping impurities on the surface of the molten waste copper;
s2, crude copper reduction: firstly, cutting and crushing a mixture of pig iron and limestone to form crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone, then adding the crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone into a smelting furnace in S1, floating the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone to the surface of molten waste copper, and fishing and scraping the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone;
s3, multi-element addition: at the moment, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of tin, 15 parts of silicon, 5 parts of lead and 2 parts of zinc;
s4, waste gas treatment: at the moment, the pipeline is communicated with the top of the smelting furnace, gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by using a vacuum pump, and after temperature reduction treatment, a reducing agent is added to reduce sulfur dioxide in the waste gas to sulfur simple substance for recycling;
s5, forming a copper bar: pouring molten copper quantitatively to a crystallization wheel, forming a coarse copper strip by the crystallization wheel, then drawing the coarse copper strip brought down by the crystallization wheel by a tractor, forming a fine copper strip by the coarse copper strip, and removing copper scraps and flash on the surface of the fine copper strip by a copper brush.
In the invention, when the smelting furnace is preheated by S1, the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled at 800-1000 ℃.
In the invention, when the crushed aggregates of the mixture of the pig iron and the limestone are formed in S2, the size of the crushed aggregates of the mixture is controlled within 300 mm.
In the present invention, in S4, the gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by the vacuum pump, and the balance of the internal gas pressure of the smelting furnace needs to be maintained by another pipeline.
In the present invention, when the molten copper was quantitatively poured into the crystallization wheel in S5, the surface temperature of the crystallization wheel was 1100 ℃.
Example 2
S1, removing impurities: preheating a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace at 1250 ℃, then placing packaged waste copper into the smelting furnace, enabling the packaged waste copper to form a molten state, starting a blower to blow cold air into the smelting furnace, and fishing and scraping impurities on the surface of the molten waste copper;
s2, crude copper reduction: firstly, cutting and crushing a mixture of pig iron and limestone to form crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone, then adding the crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone into a smelting furnace in S1, floating the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone to the surface of molten waste copper, and fishing and scraping the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone;
s3, multi-element addition: at the moment, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of tin, 18 parts of silicon, 7 parts of lead and 5 parts of zinc;
s4, waste gas treatment: at the moment, the pipeline is communicated with the top of the smelting furnace, gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by using a vacuum pump, and after temperature reduction treatment, a reducing agent is added to reduce sulfur dioxide in the waste gas to sulfur simple substance for recycling;
s5, forming a copper bar: pouring molten copper quantitatively to a crystallization wheel, forming a coarse copper strip by the crystallization wheel, then drawing the coarse copper strip brought down by the crystallization wheel by a tractor, forming a fine copper strip by the coarse copper strip, and removing copper scraps and flash on the surface of the fine copper strip by a copper brush.
In the invention, when the smelting furnace is preheated by S1, the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled at 900 ℃.
In the invention, when the crushed aggregates of the mixture of the pig iron and the limestone are formed in S2, the size of the crushed aggregates of the mixture is controlled within 300 mm.
In the present invention, in S4, the gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by the vacuum pump, and the balance of the internal gas pressure of the smelting furnace needs to be maintained by another pipeline.
In the present invention, when the molten copper is quantitatively poured into the crystallization wheel in S5, the surface temperature of the crystallization wheel is 1150 ℃.
Example 3
S1, removing impurities: preheating a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace at 1300 ℃, then placing packaged waste copper into the smelting furnace, enabling the packaged waste copper to form a molten state, starting a blower to blow cold air into the smelting furnace, and fishing and scraping impurities on the surface of the molten waste copper;
s2, crude copper reduction: firstly, cutting and crushing a mixture of pig iron and limestone to form crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone, then adding the crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone into a smelting furnace in S1, floating the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone to the surface of molten waste copper, and fishing and scraping the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone;
s3, multi-element addition: at the moment, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of tin, 20 parts of silicon, 9 parts of lead and 7 parts of zinc;
s4, waste gas treatment: at the moment, the pipeline is communicated with the top of the smelting furnace, gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by using a vacuum pump, and after temperature reduction treatment, a reducing agent is added to reduce sulfur dioxide in the waste gas to sulfur simple substance for recycling;
s5, forming a copper bar: pouring molten copper quantitatively to a crystallization wheel, forming a coarse copper strip by the crystallization wheel, then drawing the coarse copper strip brought down by the crystallization wheel by a tractor, forming a fine copper strip by the coarse copper strip, and removing copper scraps and flash on the surface of the fine copper strip by a copper brush.
In the invention, when the smelting furnace is preheated by S1, the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled at 1000 ℃.
In the invention, when the crushed aggregates of the mixture of the pig iron and the limestone are formed in S2, the size of the crushed aggregates of the mixture is controlled within 300 mm.
In the present invention, in S4, the gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by the vacuum pump, and the balance of the internal gas pressure of the smelting furnace needs to be maintained by another pipeline.
In the present invention, when the molten copper was quantitatively poured into the crystallization wheel in S5, the surface temperature of the crystallization wheel was 1200 ℃.
And those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
Comparative experiment
A certain copper manufacturer respectively selects the copper smelting method in the embodiments S1-S3 and the market copper smelting method to perform a copper strength comparison experiment, performs the copper smelting method of the present invention to smelt 50 copper bars a, performs the market copper smelting method to smelt 50 copper bars B, tests the copper strength of 50 copper bars a, selects an average value, tests the copper strength of 50 copper bars B, and selects an average value, as can be seen from fig. 2, the copper strength of the copper smelting method in the embodiments S1-S3 is 96.7%, and the copper strength of the market copper smelting method is 65.5%, so that the copper strength of the copper smelting method of the present invention is far superior to the copper strength of the market copper smelting method, and is a preferred scheme; the protocols in examples S1-S3 are all possible.
Through adding pig iron and limestone, can reduce the Fe3O4 of metallurgical stove bottom into low price iron, increase the mobility of metallurgical stove bottom sediment, and pig iron, the density of limestone is lighter than copper, after the copper material melts, pig iron can come up to the solution surface with the limestone, the auxiliary material has increased the chance of contacting with copper material impurity when coming up, the scrap copper deslagging speed has been accelerated, the tin of cooperation adding in the smelting furnace, silicon, lead and zinc, can improve the intensity and the impact resistance of copper, very big reinforcing copper's stability, cooperate the vacuum pump to take out the gas in the smelting furnace, add the reductant and reduce sulfur dioxide in the waste gas to sulphur simple substance and retrieve, can strengthen the recovery effect of sulphur simple substance, very big reduction cost, high work efficiency.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A copper smelting method for improving stability is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: preheating a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace at 1200-1300 ℃, then placing packaged waste copper into the smelting furnace, enabling the packaged waste copper to form a molten state, simultaneously starting a blower to blow cold air into the smelting furnace, and fishing and scraping impurities on the surface of the molten waste copper;
s2, crude copper reduction: firstly, cutting and crushing a mixture of pig iron and limestone to form crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone, then adding the crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone into a smelting furnace in S1, floating the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone to the surface of molten waste copper, and fishing and scraping the redundant crushed aggregates of the mixture of pig iron and limestone;
s3, multi-element addition: at the moment, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into the smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of tin, 15-20 parts of silicon, 5-9 parts of lead and 2-7 parts of zinc;
s4, waste gas treatment: at the moment, the pipeline is communicated with the top of the smelting furnace, gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by using a vacuum pump, and after temperature reduction treatment, a reducing agent is added to reduce sulfur dioxide in the waste gas to sulfur simple substance for recycling;
s5, forming a copper bar: pouring molten copper quantitatively to a crystallization wheel, forming a coarse copper strip by the crystallization wheel, then drawing the coarse copper strip brought down by the crystallization wheel by a tractor, forming a fine copper strip by the coarse copper strip, and removing copper scraps and flash on the surface of the fine copper strip by a copper brush.
2. A copper smelting process with improved stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: and when the smelting furnace is preheated by the S1, controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace at 800-1000 ℃.
3. A copper smelting process with improved stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: and when the crushed aggregates of the mixture of the pig iron and the limestone are formed in the step S2, controlling the size of the crushed aggregates of the mixture within 300 mm.
4. A copper smelting process with improved stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S3, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into a smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of tin, 15 parts of silicon, 5 parts of lead and 2 parts of zinc.
5. A copper smelting process with improved stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S3, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into a smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of tin, 18 parts of silicon, 7 parts of lead and 5 parts of zinc.
6. A copper smelting process with improved stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S3, tin, silicon, lead and zinc are added into a smelting furnace, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: tin: 12 parts of silicon, 20 parts of lead, 9 parts of lead and 7 parts of zinc.
7. A copper smelting process with improved stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S4, the gas in the smelting furnace is pumped out by a vacuum pump, and the balance of the gas pressure inside the smelting furnace needs to be maintained through another pipeline.
8. A copper smelting process with improved stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the copper water is quantitatively poured to the crystallization wheel in the S5, the surface temperature of the crystallization wheel is 1100-1200 ℃.
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