CN112210774A

CN112210774A - Laser cladding repair method for machine tool failure gear

Info

Publication number: CN112210774A
Application number: CN202010790333.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜兴宇; 刘傲; 高云; 张超; 李世磊; 陈豫粤; 张凯; 卞宏友; 刘伟军
Original assignee: Shenyang University of Technology
Current assignee: Shenyang University of Technology
Priority date: 2020-08-07
Filing date: 2020-08-07
Publication date: 2021-01-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser cladding repair method for a machine tool failure gear, and belongs to the field of gear remanufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: 1. cleaning the surface of the failed gear; 2. removing the residual stress layer of the failure part of the gear by using linear cutting; 3. polishing the machined surface of the linear cutting into a regular plane by using sand paper; 4. placing the gear to be repaired in a heating furnace, heating to 400 ℃, and remanufacturing and repairing the gear to be repaired at the constant temperature of 400 ℃ after the temperature is stable; 5. performing linear cutting treatment on the remanufactured gear, and polishing by using sand paper to recover the surface appearance of the gear; 6. and detecting the remanufactured gear. The method obviously improves the remanufacturing and repairing quality of the failed gear teeth, has high repairing efficiency and good bonding strength of the repairing surface, and can realize the preparation of the gear surface coating with more excellent performance; the process is simple, the automation degree is high, and the remanufacturing cost of the failed gear is reduced.

Description

Laser cladding repair method for machine tool failure gear

Technical Field

The invention relates to a laser cladding repair method for a machine tool failure gear, and belongs to the field of gear remanufacturing.

Background

The gear is a key part of a machine tool and is easy to have failure modes of abrasion, point decoration, peeling, crack and broken tooth in the service process. The failure of the gear can affect the operation of a mechanical system and easily cause accidents, and the gear has large quantity and high cost, so that the gear parts in the existing equipment maintenance mainly adopt 'replacement maintenance', basically do not need to be repaired or have low repair rate, and cause huge waste, thereby having great economic significance for remanufacturing the gear.

The repair of the gear is always a difficult problem, the traditional repair methods comprise a surfacing repair method, a metal coating method, an insert repair method, an adjustment transposition method, a displacement cutting method and the like, but the quality after repair is not ideal.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the laser cladding repair method for the failed gear is designed and invented, and has the advantages of high repair efficiency, small machining amount after repair and good repair surface bonding strength. In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a remanufacturing and repairing method for a machine tool failure gear, which has the advantages of higher bonding strength, good fusion property and the like.

A laser cladding repairing method for a machine tool failure gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and S1, cleaning the failure part of the failure gear by adopting alcohol, acetone and the like, and removing dust and oil stains on the surface of the gear teeth.

And S2, preprocessing the gear failure part by adopting linear cutting, and removing the residual stress layer of the gear failure part.

And S3, polishing the machined surface of the wire cut into a regular plane by using sand paper.

And S4, placing the gear to be repaired in a heating furnace, heating to 400 ℃, and after the temperature is stable, carrying out laser cladding remanufacture repair on the gear to be repaired at the constant temperature of 400 ℃.

And S5, performing linear cutting treatment on the remanufactured gear, and grinding by using sand paper to restore the surface appearance of the gear.

And S6, detecting the remanufactured gear.

Preferably, the remanufactured cladding material is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the remanufactured cladding material are less than or equal to 0.1% of C, less than or equal to 0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, 0.17-0.19% of Cr0.08-0.11% of Ni and the balance of Fe.

Preferably, the remanufactured cladding material is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the remanufactured cladding material comprises 0-0.07% of C, 0-0.02% of Mn, 0-0.10% of Si, 0-0.035% of P, 0-0.03% of S, 0.17-0.19% of Cr, 0.08-0.11% of Ni and the balance of Fe.

Preferably, the laser cladding equipment comprises a YLR-1000 fiber laser, an RC52 laser cladding head, an MCWL-50DTR water cooling machine, a VMC1100P vertical machining center, an RC-PGF-D-2 powder feeder, a PLC and laser operation integrated cabinet and RC-CAM rapid forming software.

Preferably, the laser cladding process uses argon as a protective gas.

Preferably, the remanufactured gear detection comprises remanufactured gear microhardness detection, friction and wear performance test and metallographic structure analysis.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the laser cladding method adopted by the invention has high repair efficiency and small processing amount after repair; a heat affected zone caused in the cladding process is small, and the generation probability of cracks is small; the cladding layer and the substrate are in metallurgical bonding, the bonding performance is good, and the cladding layer is not easy to fall off; the post-processing required after remanufacturing is less, and the remanufacturing cost is lower.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a view before gear repair.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a gear to be repaired after pretreatment.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of coaxial powder feeding.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of gear laser cladding.

Figure 6 is a diagram of a remanufactured gear.

FIG. 7 is a remanufactured gear hardness map.

FIG. 8 is a chart of remanufactured gear frictional wear test results.

FIG. 9 is a metallographic structure diagram of a bonding portion of a cladding layer and a base.

FIG. 10 is a metallographic structure diagram of the interior of a remanufactured gear cladding layer.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

The sequence numbers in the figures illustrate: 1-laser, 2-transmission optical fiber, 3-water cooling machine, 4-processing head, 5-machine tool body, 6-powder feeder, 7-complete machine motion control system, 8-rapid forming software, 9-milling cutter, 10-clamp, 11-gear, 12-laser beam and powder, 13-gear repairing surface and 14-laser head. The invention provides a laser cladding repair method for a failed gear of a machine tool, and as shown in figure 4, the device comprises a laser 1, a transmission optical fiber 2, a water cooling machine 3, a processing head 4, a machine tool main body 5, a powder feeder 6, a complete machine motion control system 7 and rapid forming software 8, wherein the connection mode and the position of the rapid forming software are as shown in figure 4. The used laser cladding equipment comprises a YLR-1000 fiber laser, an RC52 laser cladding head, an MCWL-50DTR water cooling machine, a VMC1100P vertical machining center, an RC-PGF-D-2 powder feeder, a PLC and laser operation integrated cabinet and RC-CAM rapid forming software. As shown in fig. 5, the laser welding device comprises a clamp 10, a gear 11, a laser beam and powder 12, a gear repairing surface 13 and a laser head 14.

As shown in fig. 5, the laser cladding method referred to herein is to position and clamp the gear 11 by the fixture 10, adjust the distance between the laser head 14 and the gear repairing surface 13 to the optimal position, scan and repair the laser beam and the powder 12 along the gear tooth direction of the gear 11, adjust the laser head 14 to the original point after scanning one pass, and sequentially perform the next scanning according to the optimal lap joint ratio until the repair is completed.

The invention provides a method for repairing a failed gear of a machine tool, which specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning the failure part of the failure gear by using alcohol, acetone and the like to remove dust and oil stains on the surface of the gear teeth;

s2, preprocessing: pretreating a gear failure part by adopting linear cutting to remove a residual stress layer of the gear failure part;

s3, polishing the machined surface of the wire cutting into a regular plane by using sand paper, as shown in figure 2;

laser cladding: s4, placing the gear to be repaired in a heating furnace, heating to 400 ℃ (centigrade), and after the temperature is stable, carrying out laser cladding remanufacturing repair on the gear to be repaired at the constant temperature of 400 ℃. The whole repairing process is carried out under the protection of argon, laser cladding scanning is carried out along the direction of gear teeth of the gear, high-energy laser beams are irradiated on the failure surface of the gear through a laser head, and cladding materials are heated, melted and rapidly solidified, so that the cladding materials and the gear are metallurgically combined, and finally a cladding coating with more excellent performance is formed on the repairing surface of the gear, which is shown in the condition of fig. 5. The cladding material of the cladding coating is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the cladding coating are less than or equal to 0.1% of C, less than or equal to 0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, 0.17-0.19% of Cr0.08-0.11% of Ni0.08-0.11% of Ni and the balance of. Preferably, the chemical components of the alloy are 0 to 0.07 percent of C, 0 to 0.02 percent of Mn, 0 to 0.10 percent of Si, 0 to 0.035 percent of P, 0 to 0.03 percent of S and 0.17 to 0.19 percent of Cr; 0.08 to 0.11 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe.

And (3) post-treatment: s5, performing linear cutting treatment on the remanufactured gear, and grinding the remanufactured gear by using sand paper to restore the surface appearance of the remanufactured gear, wherein the remanufactured gear is as shown in a figure 6;

s6, detecting the remanufactured gear: and (4) carrying out comprehensive quality performance detection on the gear through microhardness detection, friction and wear performance test and metallographic structure analysis, and judging whether the repaired gear meets the remanufacturing quality requirement. Figure 7 is a remanufactured gear hardness map (microhardness). Fig. 8 is a graph of the remanufactured gear frictional wear test results (frictional wear performance). FIG. 9 is a metallographic structure diagram (metallographic structure) of a portion where the cladding layer was bonded to the base. Fig. 10 is a metallographic structure diagram (metallographic structure) of the inside of the remanufactured gear cladding layer. As can be seen from the graph data in fig. 7-10, the remanufacturing repair quality of the machine tool failure gear is improved based on the laser cladding technology, the repair efficiency is high, the bonding strength of the repair surface is good, and the preparation of the gear surface coating with more excellent performance can be realized; meanwhile, the process is simple, and the remanufacturing cost of the machine tool failure gear is reduced.

The above preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cladding repairing method for a machine tool failure gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, cleaning the failure part of the failure gear by adopting alcohol, acetone and the like to remove dust and oil stains on the surface of the gear teeth;

s2, preprocessing the gear failure part by adopting linear cutting, and removing the residual stress layer of the gear failure part;

s3, polishing the machined surface of the wire cutting into a regular plane by using sand paper;

s4, placing the gear to be repaired in a heating furnace, heating to 400 ℃, and after the temperature is stable, carrying out laser cladding remanufacture repair on the gear to be repaired at the constant temperature of 400 ℃;

s5, performing linear cutting treatment on the remanufactured gear, and grinding by using sand paper to restore the surface appearance of the gear;

and S6, detecting the remanufactured gear.

2. The laser cladding repairing method for the machine tool failure gear according to claim 1, wherein the cladding material of the cladding coating is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the cladding material are less than or equal to 0.1% of C, less than or equal to 0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, 0.17-0.19% of Cr, 0.08-0.11% of Ni and the balance of Fe.

3. The laser cladding repairing method of the machine tool failure gear according to claim 2, wherein the cladding material of the cladding coating is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the cladding material comprise 0-0.07% of C, 0-0.02% of Mn, 0-0.10% of Si, 0-0.035% of P, 0-0.03% of S and 0.17-0.19% of Cr; 0.08 to 0.11 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe.

4. The laser cladding repair method for the machine tool failure gear according to claim 1, wherein the laser cladding equipment is a YLR-1000 fiber laser, an RC52 laser cladding head, an MCWL-50DTR water cooling machine, a VMC1100P vertical machining center, an RC-PGF-D-2 powder feeder, a PLC and laser operation integrated cabinet and RC-CAM rapid forming software.

5. The laser cladding repair method for the machine tool failure gear according to claim 1, wherein the laser cladding process uses argon gas as a protective gas.

6. The laser cladding repair method for the machine tool failure gear is characterized in that the remanufactured gear detection comprises remanufactured gear microhardness detection, friction and wear performance test and metallographic structure analysis.