CN112162080A - A farmland water quantity monitor - Google Patents
A farmland water quantity monitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112162080A CN112162080A CN202010738035.0A CN202010738035A CN112162080A CN 112162080 A CN112162080 A CN 112162080A CN 202010738035 A CN202010738035 A CN 202010738035A CN 112162080 A CN112162080 A CN 112162080A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种农田水量监测仪，包括智能雨量计，智能雨量计下端连接有水位计，水位计和智能雨量计与数据处理器相连，水位计包括水位探头，智能雨量计包括计数器，数据处理器包括电池、数据采集分析器、存储卡及传输芯片，电池、数据采集分析器、存储卡及传输芯片之间相互连接，数据采集分析器与计数器、水位探头相连，接收计数器及水位探头所采集数据，数据采集分析器具有两种模式：搜索模式和跟踪模式。该监测仪计数器与水位计相结合，同时监测雨量及水位变化数据，能够精确得到灌水量；同时能够监测田间水位，引入地下水位与土壤含水率间的经验公式及相关曲线，提高灌溉水量的精确性。
The invention discloses a farmland water quantity monitor, comprising an intelligent rain gauge, the lower end of the intelligent rain gauge is connected with a water level gauge, the water level gauge and the intelligent rain gauge are connected with a data processor, the water level gauge includes a water level probe, and the intelligent rain gauge includes a counter and data The processor includes a battery, a data acquisition analyzer, a memory card and a transmission chip. The battery, the data acquisition analyzer, the memory card and the transmission chip are connected to each other. The data acquisition analyzer is connected to the counter and the water level probe. The receiving counter and the water level probe are connected to each other. To collect data, the data acquisition analyzer has two modes: search mode and trace mode. The monitor counter is combined with the water level meter to monitor the data of rainfall and water level changes at the same time, which can accurately obtain the amount of irrigation water; at the same time, it can monitor the field water level, and introduce the empirical formula and related curve between the groundwater level and soil moisture content to improve the accuracy of irrigation water. sex.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a monitor, in particular to a farmland water yield monitor.
Background
At present, two states exist in the farmland irrigation water diversion process, namely 1, soil saturation or a water layer on the farmland surface; 2. the soil is not saturated. For the 1 st situation, the commonly adopted test method is a water gauge method or a water level meter method, and the basic principle is that the irrigation water quantity is obtained by measuring the water level change of the field surface and multiplying the change by the area of the field surface; in case 2, a drying method or a TDR time domain reflectometer is usually used for measurement, and after the soil moisture content is obtained, the soil moisture content of the target soil layer is calculated according to the planned wet layer depth. The water gauge method and the drying method are relatively accurate, but require real-time operation of technicians, and are time-consuming and labor-consuming; TDR utilizes the electromagnetic wave to carry out soil moisture content survey, has characteristics such as quick, simple and convenient, accurate, but finds the technique not quite ripe yet in the in-service use, and the survey data is stable inadequately, and the cost is expensive, simultaneously, influences the farmland water yield characteristic except that irrigation diversion, still include the rainfall, if utilize automatic monitoring recorder to carry out the real-time supervision of field water yield, then can't distinguish field water yield change whether by the rainfall or irrigate and arouse, lead to the monitoring error of irrigation water yield. The current common method is to carry out accounting by combining local meteorological data, but the general meteorological station has large space, and cannot accurately measure rainfall data of a small area where a field is located, so that measurement errors are caused; meanwhile, for paddy field crops, particularly rice crops, the water-saving irrigation technology is widely applied, soil is sometimes in an unsaturated state, namely a farmland is in a water-free layer state, the irrigation quantity is underestimated by adopting the current water level variation method for measuring the irrigation quantity, and the method for measuring the water content is large in workload or high in equipment cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a farmland water quantity monitor which can simultaneously monitor rainfall and water level change data and accurately provide irrigation quantity.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a farmland water amount monitor, which comprises an intelligent rain gauge, wherein the lower end of the intelligent rain gauge is connected with a water level gauge, the water level gauge and the intelligent rain gauge are connected with a data processor, the water level gauge comprises a water level probe, the intelligent rain gauge comprises a counter, the data processor comprises a battery, a data acquisition analyzer, a storage card and a transmission chip, the battery, the data acquisition analyzer, the storage card and the transmission chip are connected with one another, the data acquisition analyzer is connected with the counter and the water level probe and receives data acquired by the counter and the water level probe, and the data acquisition analyzer has two modes: a search mode and a tracking mode, wherein in the search mode, the data acquisition analyzer analyzes the last two times of water level data h acquired by the water level probet1And ht2When | ht1-ht1When | ≦ Δ h ≦ 2mm, the test interval Δ t in search mode is considered01No irrigation or drainage occurs in a time period, and at the moment, the data acquisition analyzer is continuously in a search mode; otherwise, indicating that irrigation, drainage or rainfall occurs in the time period, at the moment, the state of the data acquisition analyzer enters a tracking mode, and the test interval is shortened to delta t02Until the next time, | h is satisfied within the intervalt1-ht1|≤Δh＝2mm。。
Wherein the test interval Δ t in search mode030-60min, and 5-15min for testing interval delta t in the tracking mode; the data acquired by the data acquisition analyzer and the data acquisition time are recorded in the memory card correspondingly, and the data are remotely transmitted to a remote system through a transmission chip every 24-48 h.
The data acquisition analyzer performs data correction on the irrigation quantity of unsaturated soil, namely a field surface waterless layer, and the calculation formula of the irrigation correction value is shown as the following formula:
wherein h isnIrrigation correction for unsaturated soilsA value; x is the number ofnThe average value of the buried depth of the farmland groundwater in the period from disappearance of the water layer on the farmland surface to beginning of irrigation; a is1、a2、a3Selecting the soil type for paddy field soil and meteorological characteristic values according to the soil types:
for sandy or sandy loam:
a1is 5.4X 10-4～6.5×10-4，a2Is-0.15 to-0.17, a3Is 29 to 30;
for loam:
a1is 3.4X 10-4～4.4×10-4，a2Is-0.13 to-0.15, a3Is 30 to 31;
for clay:
a1is 5.0X 10-4～7.0×10-4，a2Is-0.11 to-0.13, a3Is 31 to 32;
the irrigation quantity m of the corrected unsaturated paddy field is as follows:
m＝h1+hn
wherein h is1The depth of the field surface water after irrigation; h isnCorrecting the irrigation quantity of unsaturated soil;
the intelligent rain gauge comprises a support, a rain storage device and a plumb bob, wherein the rain storage device and the plumb bob are fixedly connected with each other, a funnel is mounted at the upper end of the support, a rain bearing port is mounted at the upper end of the funnel, a tipping bucket is movably mounted in the middle of the support, a bearing flat plate is arranged at the lower end of the support, the rain storage device and the plumb bob are movably mounted on the bearing flat plate, and a counter is mounted on the tipping bucket; the lower end of the rain bearing port is connected with a rain bearing port support, the rain bearing port support is connected through a filter screen funnel, the upper end of the support is provided with a rain cover, the rain cover is arranged at the lower end of the rain bearing port and covers a rain storage device, a plumb bob, a tipping bucket and a counter, the tipping bucket overturns after the tipping bucket is full of rain, the counter counts a time when the tipping bucket turns over, and the rain intensity is obtained according to the overturning time in unit time; the water level meter comprises a measuring cylinder, the measuring cylinder is a hollow cylinder, a water level probe is installed at the top of the measuring cylinder, a water through hole is formed in the measuring cylinder, and a filter screen is installed on the water through hole.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. the counter is combined with the water level meter, rainfall and water level change data are monitored simultaneously, and the irrigation quantity can be accurately obtained; 2. meanwhile, the water level of the farmland can be monitored, an empirical formula and a relevant curve between the underground water level and the soil water content are introduced, and the accuracy of irrigation quantity measurement is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the farmland water amount monitor comprises an intelligent rain gauge, the lower end of the intelligent rain gauge is connected with a water level gauge, the water level gauge and the intelligent rain gauge are connected with a data processor, the water level gauge comprises a water level probe 14, the intelligent rain gauge comprises a counter 8, the data processor comprises a battery 13, a data acquisition analyzer 11, a memory card 17 and a transmission chip 12, the battery 13, the data acquisition analyzer 11, the memory card and the transmission chip 12 are connected with each other, the data acquisition analyzer 11 is connected with the counter 8 and the water level probe 14, data acquired by the counter 8 and the water level probe 14 are received, the intelligent rain gauge comprises a bracket 6, a rain storage 18 and a plumb 9, the rain storage 18 and the plumb 9 are fixedly connected with each other, the upper end of the bracket 6 is provided with a funnel 4, the upper end of the funnel 4 is provided with a rain bearing port 1 with the diameter of 150mm, the rain bearing port support 2 is connected with the funnel 4 through the filter screen 3, the upper end of the support 6 is provided with the rain cover 5, the middle part of the support 6 is movably provided with the tipping bucket 7, the tipping bucket 7 conveys rainwater to the rain storage device 18 at the other side, the lower end of the support 6 is provided with the bearing flat plate, the bearing flat plate is movably provided with the rain storage device 18 and the plumb bob 9 through the rivet 10, the rain storage device 18 and the plumb bob 9 overturn by taking the rivet as the center to discharge the rainwater, the rain storage device 18 and the plumb bob 9 after discharging the rainwater return to the horizontal state, the counter 8 is arranged on the tipping bucket 7, the tipping bucket 7 overturns after being filled with the rainwater due to rainfall, the counter 8 records one time when overturning, the rain strength is obtained according to the overturning time in unit time, the upper end of the support 6 is provided with the rain cover 5 which is arranged at the lower end of the rain bearing port 1 to cover the rain storage device 18 and the plumb bob 9, the tipping bucket 7 and the counter 8, the water level probe 14 is arranged on the top of the measuring cylinder 15, the measuring cylinder 15 is provided with a water through hole 16, the water through hole 16 is provided with a filter screen and a plurality of filter screensThe data acquisition analyzer 11 has two modes: a search mode in which the data acquisition analyzer 11 analyzes the last two times of water level data h acquired by the water level probe 14, and a tracking mode in which the data acquisition analyzer 11 analyzes the water level data ht1And ht2When | ht1-ht1When | ≦ Δ h ═ 2mm, it is considered that Δ t is01No irrigation or drainage occurs in a period of time, and at this time, the data acquisition analyzer 11 continues to be in the search mode; otherwise, indicating that irrigation, drainage or rainfall occurs in the time period, at this time, the state of the data acquisition analyzer 11 enters a tracking mode, and the test interval is shortened to delta t02Until the next time, | h is satisfied within the intervalt1-ht1Δ h | ≦ 2mm, test interval Δ t in search mode0130-60min, test interval Δ t in tracking mode02The data acquired by the data acquisition analyzer 11 and the data acquisition time are correspondingly recorded in the memory card 17 for 5-15min, and the data are remotely transmitted to a remote system through the transmission chip 12 every 24-48 h to correct the water filling quantity of the waterless layer of the unsaturated soil field surface, wherein the calculation formula of the water filling correction value is shown as the following formula:
wherein h isnThe irrigation quantity correction value is the irrigation quantity correction value of unsaturated soil; thetasIs the saturated water content of soil, xnThe average value of the buried depth of the farmland underground water in the period from disappearance of the water layer on the farmland surface to beginning of irrigation is m; a is1、a2、a3Selecting the soil characteristic value of the paddy field according to the soil type:
for sandy or sandy loam:
a1is 5.4X 10-4～6.5×10-4，a2Is-0.15 to-0.17, a3Is 29 to 30;
for loam:
a1is 3.4X 10-4～4.4×10-4，a2Is-0.13 to-0.15, a3Is 30 to 31;
for clay:
a1is 5.0X 10-4～7.0×10-4，a2Is-0.11 to-0.13, a3Is 31 to 32;
the irrigation quantity m of the corrected unsaturated paddy field is as follows:
m＝h1+hn
wherein h is1The depth of the field surface water after irrigation; h isnAnd (4) correcting the irrigation quantity of unsaturated soil.
When the device is used, the measuring cylinder 15 is buried below the maximum underground water level of a target field block, no soil exists in the measuring cylinder 15 but water can penetrate through the measuring cylinder, and the water level in the cylinder is consistent with the water layer of a farmland outside the cylinder or the underground water level.
The water level in the measuring cylinder is measured by the water level probe 14, and the rainfall is monitored by the counter 8. The water level probe 14 collects the last two times of water level data h in the measuring cylindert1And ht2When | ht1-ht1When | ≦ Δ h ═ 2mm, it is considered that Δ t is0No irrigation or drainage occurs during the period of time,
and (3) measuring the irrigation quantity when a water layer exists on the ground: when the water level probe 14 detects that delta h is larger than or equal to 2mm, the instrument enters a tracking mode. Recording the water depth H of the previous delta t rapidly increased from the water level1And the water depth H until the farmland water level is unchanged, namely delta H is less than or equal to 2mm2The water head difference m is H2—H1That is, the irrigation quantity is obtained by subtracting the rainfall P in the irrigation process when the rainfall P occurs in the irrigation process, namely m is H2—H1-P. As the duration of irrigation is generally between 2h and 4h, evaporation and leakage during irrigation are not considered.
And (3) measuring and calculating the irrigation quantity when the ground is free of a water layer: when the water level probe 14 detects that delta h is larger than or equal to 2mm and the water level belongs to the rising stage, the instrument enters a tracking mode, and the test interval is shortened to delta t02Recording the water depth H which is increased by the previous delta t from the water level1And the water depth H until the farmland water level is unchanged, namely delta H is less than or equal to 2mm2The water head difference m is H2—H1That is, the irrigation quantity is obtained by subtracting the rainfall P in the irrigation process when the rainfall P occurs in the irrigation process, namely m is H2—H1-P. As the duration of irrigation is generally between 2h and 4h, evaporation and leakage during irrigation are not considered.
The irrigation quantity is corrected by measuring the depth of the underground water level, combining soil characteristics, rainfall and early-stage monitoring water consumption and according to a system preset algorithm. The rainfall, the rainfall intensity and the farmland water level variation are synchronously measured, and the irrigation quantity is obtained if the rainfall is subtracted from the farmland water level increment in the same time period; the water level drop amount when no rainfall exists is the water consumption amount; when no rainfall occurs, the water depth rapidly decreases and the change rate exceeds 5mm/h, namely the water discharge. In the period of no irrigation and no drainage, the instrument enters a search mode, the test frequency is lower by 30-60 min/time, and the frequency is adjustable so as to reduce energy consumption. When rainfall or irrigation occurs, the instrument enters a tracking mode, the testing frequency is increased by 5-15 min/time, and the frequency is adjustable, so that the data determination accuracy is improved.
The measured data is automatically recorded in the built-in memory card 17 and is remotely transmitted through the transmission chip 12; when the transmission is not carried out, the transmission chip 12 automatically sleeps to reduce power consumption and increase battery endurance time, the water level meter sets the warning water level, and when the water level of the farmland is higher than the upper warning water level or lower than the lower warning water level, the early warning signal is sent remotely.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a farmland water yield monitor, its characterized in that, includes intelligent rain gauge, intelligence rain gauge lower extreme is connected with the fluviograph, fluviograph and intelligent rain gauge link to each other with data processor, the fluviograph includes level probe (14), intelligence rain gauge includes counter (8), data processor includes battery (13), data acquisition analyzer (11), storage card (17) and transmission chip (12), interconnect between battery (13), data acquisition analyzer (11), storage card and transmission chip (12), data acquisition analyzer (11) link to each other with counter (8), level probe (14), receive the data that counter (8) and level probe (14) gathered, data acquisition analyzer (11) have two kinds of modes: a search mode and a tracking mode, wherein in the search mode, the data acquisition analyzer (11) analyzes the farmland water level data h collected by the water level probe (14) for the last two timest1And ht2When | ht1-ht1When | ≦ Δ h ≦ 2mm, the test interval Δ t in search mode is considered01No irrigation or drainage occurs in a time period, and at the moment, the data acquisition analyzer (11) is continuously in a search mode; otherwise, indicating that irrigation, drainage or rainfall occurs in the time period, at the moment, the state of the data acquisition analyzer (11) enters a tracking mode, and the test interval is shortened to delta t02Until the next time, | h is satisfied within the intervalt1-ht1|≤Δh＝2mm。
2. The agricultural water yield monitor of claim 1, wherein the test interval Δ t in the search mode0130-60min, test interval Δ t in tracking mode02＝5-15min。
3. The farmland water amount monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data collected by the data collecting analyzer (11) is recorded in the memory card (17) corresponding to the data collecting time, and is remotely transmitted to a remote system through the transmission chip (12) every 24-48 h.
4. The farmland water quantity monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition analyzer (11) performs data correction on the irrigation quantity of unsaturated soil, namely a waterless layer of the field surface, and the calculation formula of the irrigation correction value is as follows:
wherein h isnThe irrigation quantity correction value is the irrigation quantity correction value of unsaturated soil; x is the number ofnThe average value of the buried depth of the farmland groundwater in the period from disappearance of the water layer on the farmland surface to beginning of irrigation; a is1、a2、a3Selecting the soil type for paddy field soil and meteorological characteristic values according to the soil types:
for sandy or sandy loam:
a1is 5.4X 10-4～6.5×10-4，a2Is-0.15 to-0.17, a3Is 29 to 30;
for loam:
a1is 3.4X 10-4～4.4×10-4，a2Is-0.13 to-0.15, a3Is 30 to 31;
for clay:
a1is 5.0X 10-4～7.0×10-4，a2Is-0.11 to-0.13, a3Is 31 to 32;
the irrigation quantity m of the corrected unsaturated paddy field is as follows:
m＝h1+hn
wherein h is1The depth of the field surface water after irrigation; h isnAnd (4) correcting the irrigation quantity of unsaturated soil.
5. The farmland water amount monitor according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent rain gauge comprises a support (6), a rain storage device (18) and a plumb bob (9), the rain storage device (18) and the plumb bob (9) are fixedly connected with each other, a funnel (4) is installed at the upper end of the support (6), a rain bearing port (1) is installed at the upper end of the funnel (4), a tipping bucket (7) is movably installed in the middle of the support (6), the lower end of the support (6) is a bearing flat plate, the rain storage device (18) and the plumb bob (9) are movably installed on the bearing flat plate, and the counter (8) is installed in the rain storage device (18).
6. The farmland water amount monitor according to claim 5, wherein the lower end of the rain bearing port (1) is connected with a rain bearing port bracket (2), and the rain bearing port bracket (2) is connected through a filter screen (3) and a funnel (4).
7. The farmland water amount monitor according to claim 5, wherein a rain cover (5) is arranged at the upper end of the bracket (6), and the rain cover (5) is arranged at the lower end of the rain bearing port (1) and covers the rain storage device (18), the plumb bob (9), the tipping bucket (7) and the counter (8).
8. The farmland water amount monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water level gauge comprises a measuring cylinder (15), the measuring cylinder (15) is a hollow cylinder, the water level probe (14) is mounted at the top of the measuring cylinder (15), and a water through hole (16) is formed in the measuring cylinder (15).
9. The farmland water amount monitor as claimed in claim 8, wherein a filter screen is installed on the water through hole (16).
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| CN111272228A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-12 | 河海大学 | Automatic monitoring device for irrigation quantity of paddy field |
| CN213337605U (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-06-01 | 河海大学 | Farmland water yield monitor |
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