CN112162036B - Health monitoring system and method for regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure - Google Patents
Health monitoring system and method for regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a health monitoring system and method for a regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure, and belongs to the technical field of engineering structure health monitoring. The invention comprises an upper computer, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a positive triangular phased array sensing network, a charge amplifier and a signal collector card. The invention utilizes a regular triangle phased array sensor network to monitor the tightness state of a bolt and the structure around the bolt, takes an assembled bolt as the center of an equilateral triangle, and arranges a group of piezoelectric sensing arrays at three vertexes of the equilateral triangle respectively; exciting and receiving Lamb wave signals which are propagated in a tested structure and represent the health state of the structure by adopting a phased array method; the acquired signals are amplified and then transmitted to an upper computer, corresponding structural damage signals are obtained in the upper computer by a difference method, a window function method and the like, and the signals are further analyzed to obtain the tightness state of the bolt and the structural defect and damage position conditions in a regular triangle area with the bolt as the center.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a health monitoring system and method for a regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure, and belongs to the technical field of engineering structure health monitoring.
Background
The structure health monitoring technology is proposed in the intelligent material structure field, and the technology realizes real-time acquisition and structure health state related information by utilizing a sensor integrated inside or on the surface of the structure, thereby identifying the damage existing in the structure, so that people can find the damage as soon as possible, reduce property loss and ensure the safety of the structure. Especially, the structure health monitoring technology in the aspects of large-scale important machinery, airplanes, submarines and the like is very important.
At present, methods for monitoring the health of a structure are various, such as an ultrasonic guided wave monitoring method, an electromechanical impedance method, an intelligent coating method, an optical fiber sensing monitoring method, an ultrasonic phased array method and the like. The phased array monitoring method is a new development direction in the field of structural health monitoring.
The phased array is a technology for scanning a structure by utilizing an ultrasonic phased array sensor array, can flexibly and effectively control the direction of an acoustic beam, deflects and focuses a Lamb wave beam through phase control, improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and realizes the monitoring of the structure state. The phased array is mainly characterized in that piezoelectric patches are arranged according to a certain rule, excitation of each piezoelectric patch is controlled by an upper computer, a focused beam can be generated to scan a workpiece, and imaging of a detection result can be realized. The phased array technology can be set through software, and the deflection angle of the acoustic beam can be quickly changed by only changing the software setting under the condition that the probe is not moved, so that the scanning of the cross section of the workpiece is realized. Phased array probes mainly have a linear shape (line array), a surface shape (two-dimensional rectangular array) and an annular shape (circular array).
Use above-mentioned several kinds of arrays to monitor bolt-up state comparatively extravagant to because the more detection efficiency that can greatly reduce system of sensor quantity, consequently, it is very necessary to design a neotype structure health monitoring device, can reduce cost and simplify the step that traditional phased array will carry out time delay in structure health monitoring, when improving system detection efficiency, effectively improve structure health monitoring system's detection accuracy again.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a health monitoring system and a method for a bolt fastening structure of a regular triangle phased array.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a health monitoring system of a regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure comprises an upper computer, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a regular triangle phased array sensing network, a charge amplifier and a signal acquisition card.
The regular triangle phased array sensing network comprises three groups of piezoelectric sensor arrays, wherein the three groups of piezoelectric sensor arrays form a regular triangle and are respectively positioned on three vertexes of the regular triangle, each group of arrays in the three groups of linear array sensors is composed of N identical sensor array units, the number of the array units is reduced or increased according to actual detection requirements, and each array unit is a circular piezoelectric sensor. Three groups of linear array sensors respectively serve as exciters in sequence, and the rest two arrays serve as receivers. That is, when one group of sensor arrays is used as an exciter to excite Lamb wave signals into a structure to be tested, the other two groups of sensor arrays are used as receivers to receive Lamb wave response signals which come from the exciter sensors and are subjected to damage and bolt reflection, and so on, the other two groups of sensor arrays are respectively used as the exciter, and the remaining two groups of sensor arrays are used as receivers to obtain corresponding response signals.
The upper computer is connected with a USB HOST & Device interface of the signal generator through a USB data line, an output port of the signal generator is connected with an input port of the power amplifier, a USB Device interface of the power amplifier is connected with three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays at three vertex points of the regular triangle through a low-noise cable, the three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays are connected with an L5 interface of the charge amplifier through a low-noise cable, a BNC interface of the charge amplifier is connected with an OPEN5 interface of the signal collector card through an output cable, and a USB interface of the signal collector card is connected with a USB interface of the upper computer through a USB cable. Therefore, the upper computer, the signal generator, the power amplifier, the piezoelectric sensing network and the signal collector card are connected to form a complete structural health monitoring system.
The use method of the health monitoring system of the regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: recording three groups of piezoelectric sensor arrays in a positive triangular phased array sensing network as A, B, C three points, setting excitation signal parameters in an upper computer, sending the excitation signal parameters to a signal generator, generating corresponding Lamb waves by the signal generator according to the received excitation signal parameters, amplifying the Lamb waves by a power amplifier, and sequentially loading the Lamb waves to excitation sensor array units in A, B, C three groups of linear array sensors in the positive triangular phased array sensing network, carrying out phased scanning on a monitored structure by the Lamb wave signals generated by the excitation sensor array units to obtain Lamb wave signals containing damage information, wherein the signals are received by the rest two groups of receivers.
Step 2: the Lamb wave signals containing the damage information are transmitted to a charge amplifier for amplification, and a signal collector card collects the amplified effective signals and converts the effective signals into digital signals to be transmitted to an upper computer and stores the digital signals in the upper computer.
Step 3: the upper computer performs imaging, calculation and comparison on the acquired signals through methods such as a difference method, a window function, a regular triangle phased array and regular triangle time reversal focusing to obtain the health condition of the monitored object.
The positive triangular phased array sensing network in Step1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step1.1: the monitored bolt is taken as the center of an equilateral triangle, linear piezoelectric arrays are respectively arranged at three vertexes of the equilateral triangle with the side length of l, the three vertexes are sequentially numbered as A, B, C, the piezoelectric array at each vertex consists of N piezoelectric patches, and the N piezoelectric patches are sequentially numbered as A0、A1、…AN-1，B0、B1、…BN-1，C0、C1、…CN-1The number of piezoelectric sheets can be increased or decreased by monitoring the number and size of the spirals.
Step1.2: narrow-band Lamb wave signals are sequentially applied to the piezoelectric sensors at A, B, C vertexes, wherein one vertex serves as an exciter, the other two vertexes serve as receivers, an excitation-sensing channel is formed, and response signals of 3 × 3-1-6 excitation-sensing channels are obtained in total.
The phased array in the regular triangle phased array sensing network in Step1 is specifically as follows:
step1.3: in a scanning period T, the initial positions of the excitation signals of the three points of the regular triangle A, B, C are all pointed to the monitored bolt at the central point, and the phases of the three points A, B, C are respectively 30 degrees, 150 degrees and 270 degrees, and the time for transmitting-receiving Lamb signals in the direction is T. At the time t + the excitation signal phases are all in the initial phase direction of A, B, C points, and the initial phases of A, B, C points are respectively 0 °, 120 ° and 210 °, and the scanning is rotated in the positive direction of the counterclockwise direction. At time T + to T/2, the array at A, B, C starts scanning the triangular region in the counterclockwise direction from the initial phase, and when the scanning angle is 60 °, that is, when A, B, C scans 60 °, 180 °, and 270 °, 1/2 scanning cycles end. At the time of T/2+, the A, B, C point phase returns to the phase at the time of 0+, namely 0 °, 120 °, 210 °, and points to the triangular central bolt, and then returns to the phase at 60 °, 180 °, 270 ° after the time T, A, B, C, and starts scanning the triangular region clockwise, the scanning angle is 60 °, and one period of scanning is completed.
Step1.4: and repeating Step1.3 under the condition that the bolt connection state is intact and the regular triangle area structure is healthy, storing and recording corresponding response signals, and marking the response signals as reference signals.
Step1.5: in the state that the bolt is loose but the regular triangle area structure is healthy, Step1.3 is repeated, and the corresponding response signal is saved and recorded.
Step1.6: and (3) repeating Step1.3 under the condition that the regular triangle area has structural damage and the bolt connection is in a good state, and storing and recording corresponding response signals.
Step1.7: and repeating Step1.3 under the condition that the bolt is loosened and the structure of the triangular region is damaged, and storing and recording corresponding response signals.
Step1.8: and (3) taking the signal obtained in Step1.4 as a reference signal, subtracting the basic signal from the response signals obtained in Step1.5 and Step1.6 respectively according to a difference method to obtain damage scattering signals under different conditions, and storing and recording the corresponding signals.
Step1.9: by comparing signal graphs (amplitude and phase) of Step1.4 and Step1.5 in the period of (0, T) and the period of (T/2, T/2+ T), two signal difference threshold values are set according to actual conditions, if the signal difference between the two signal difference threshold values exceeds the set threshold value, the bolt is judged to be loose, bolt fastening and safety inspection operation are carried out manually, and otherwise, the bolt is in a normal state.
Step1.10 under Step1.6, when the regular triangle phased array detects the damage in the controlled area, Lamb waves can be focused at the damage, according to the time reversal focusing principle, when the sensors receive the response signals reflected by the damage points, the sensors are time reversed and applied to the corresponding sensors as excitation signals to be excited in the structure again, the focusing can be generated at the real damage points, and the focusing cannot be generated at the non-real damage points. Let t be the maximum time when the excitation signal reaches the lesion from the A, B, C three vertices0The maximum time when the damage reflection signal reaches A, B, C three-peak from the damage point is t1Selecting tm>t1With tm-t0Respectively intercepting each path sensing signal for a time window and at tm-t0The sensor signals are inverted within the time window (n is 1,2,3) to obtain corresponding inverted signals f, and the inverted sensor signals are simultaneously loaded on the corresponding sensors, so that inverted focused signals of the wave source, namely the inverted focus of the damage signals at the damage, can be obtained at the damage, and the wave source is equivalent to a secondary wave source. Time of focus tfAnd at the moment of finishing loading, carrying out reverse focusing imaging on the signals of all the sensing paths, superposing the imaging results of all the paths, and displaying the damage in a gray scale image according to different gray scales corresponding to the signals of different sensing paths so as to judge the damage position.
Step1.11: the time from the damage to each point A, B, C and the wave velocity in each direction are measured according to Step1.10, namely the distance from the damage to A, B, C three points can be obtained, and then the distance from the same damage point in the triangle to A, B, C three points can be obtained according to the property of the regular triangle, namely the three vertexes A, B, C are fixed in the equilateral triangle, the positions are known, so the specific position and the phase position of the damage point in the rectangular coordinate system can be obtained, and the position and the phase position of the damage can be obtained.
Step 1.12: the specific position of the injury can be obtained by comparing and integrating Step1.10 and Step1.11, the condition of the injury position can be directly obtained by the Step1.10 through an imaging result, but certain errors exist when the injury position information is directly extracted from an injury image, and the specific position of the injury can be accurately calibrated through the Step 9.
Step1.13: and (3) intercepting the signals in the two sections of time by using the time window functions of (0, T) and (T/2, T/2+ T) of the signals obtained from Step1.7, subtracting the corresponding reference signal in Step1.4 to obtain the damage scattering signal of the bolt in the state, subtracting the reference signal in Step1.4 from the signals in the rest time section to obtain the damage signal of the regular triangle area in Step1.7, and repeating Step1.10 and Step1.11 to obtain the specific position of the damage.
The processing method of the reversed focusing signal in Step1.10 comprises the following steps:
step1.10.1: the frequency spectrum of the excitation signal S (t) is denoted by S (ω), Hi(ω) represents the frequency spectrum of the i-th piezoelectric monitoring channel transfer function h (t), the frequency spectrum of the signal obtained by the excitation signal passing through each monitoring channel output at the sensor can be represented as:
step1.10.2: according to the Lamb wave propagation characteristics, the frequency components of the sensing signal and the exciting signal are basically the same, so that Xi(ω) is RiComplex conjugates of (ω) (time domain is time inverse), i.e.:
step1.10.3: according to the reciprocity principle of acoustic wave propagation, h (t) h-1(t) i.e. once the propagation path is determined, the input and output ports are reciprocal and therefore respectively reversedOf the sensor signal Xi(ω) is loaded on the corresponding sensor, on the actuator respectively:
in the formulae (2) and (3), Xi(ω) is a spectrum inverted when the signal is received, and Z (ω) is a spectrum output after time reversal processing.
If the sensors are simultaneously loaded with respective sensing time reversal signals, the signal spectrum obtained on the exciter according to the principle of sound wave propagation superposition is as follows:
in the formula (4), Hi(ω)·Hi *(ω) is the inverse fourier transform at time zero while obtaining the main correlation peak, hence
The inverse Fourier transform at the time zero point is the superposition of main correlation peak values of all signals, the amplitude after superposition is far smaller than that at the time point of zero time because the amplitude of inverse Fourier transform at other time points has no correlation, and the situation is more obvious when the number of the participating sensors is more, which is the basic principle of time reversal method focusing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can scan the regular triangle area twice in each scanning period, and can monitor the tiny damage more effectively and accurately.
2. According to the invention, specific time is given for monitoring the bolt, excitation of the three vertexes A, B, C can reach the bolt at the same time, and damage/health signals at the bolt can also reach the three vertexes A, B, C at the same time, so that tightness signals of the bolt can be rapidly and accurately acquired; the step only needs to control the phase and the emission time of the excitation signal, does not need time delay, simplifies the operation step and shortens the period.
3. The invention mainly aims at monitoring the structure which has independent structure and has larger influence on the whole system, can accurately obtain the health conditions of the sensitive areas, and can process in time when damage occurs so as to avoid causing huge loss.
4. The excitation signal of the invention uses narrow-band Lamb wave, the narrow-band Lamb wave signal is a limited signal with more concentrated frequency and is sensitive to small damage, and the energy of the propagation of the narrow-band Lamb wave signal is reduced along with the increase of the distance, so the narrow-band Lamb wave signal is limited in a smaller regular triangle area and can be propagated to fully exert the advantages of the narrow-band Lamb wave signal, and the detection precision and the accuracy of the system are effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system installation in the present invention;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of a regular triangular phased array in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the duty cycle of a regular triangular phased array in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a test piece structure and a sensing array structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-2, a health monitoring system for a regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure comprises an upper computer, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a regular triangle phased array sensing network, a charge amplifier and a signal acquisition card.
The signal generator is a Rigol DG1022 signal generator of Beijing general source smart electrical technology, and is designed by adopting a direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology, so that an accurate, stable and low-distortion output signal can be generated, and various basic waveforms and arbitrary waveforms such as sine waves, square waves, sawtooth waves, pulse waves and the like can be generated. The frequency range is 100mHz-200 MHz.
The power amplifier is PA 1011. The piezoelectric sensor is TMDS 461. The charge amplifier is YE5850A obtained by Jiangsu union energy electronic technology limited company, and can input charge signals or voltage signals, wherein the maximum output voltage is +/-10 Vp, the maximum output current is 5mA, and the frequency bandwidth is 2 muHz-100 KHz. The signal collector card is NI USB-6356 of national instruments of America, which is 8-path synchronous analog input, and has 1.25MS/s, 16-bit resolution and 10MS/s AI total throughput per channel.
The regular triangle phased array sensing network comprises A, B, C three groups of piezoelectric sensor arrays, A, B, C three groups of piezoelectric sensor arrays form a regular triangle and are respectively positioned on three vertexes of the regular triangle, and A, B, C three groups of linear array sensors, wherein each group of arrays consists of N identical sensor array units, and each array unit is a circular piezoelectric sensor. A. B, C three sets of linear array transducers each act as an exciter and the remaining two arrays act as receivers. That is, when group a sensor arrays act as an exciter to excite Lamb wave signals into a structure to be tested, B, C sensor arrays act as receivers to receive Lamb wave response signals from the exciter a after damage and bolt reflection, and so on, B, C respectively act as the exciter, and the remaining two sensor arrays act as receivers to obtain corresponding response signals.
The upper computer is connected with a USB HOST & Device interface of the signal generator through a USB data line, an output port of the signal generator is connected with an input port of the power amplifier, the USB Device interface of the power amplifier and A, B, C three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays on three vertexes of a regular triangle are connected through an STYV-1 polyethylene low-noise cable, A, B, C three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays are connected with the L5 interface of the charge amplifier through an STYV-1 polyethylene low-noise cable, then the output cable of SYV-SO-2-2 is connected with the BNC interface of the charge amplifier and the OPEN5 interface of the signal collector card, and finally the USB interface of the signal collector card and the USB interface of an upper computer are connected through a USB cable, therefore, the upper computer, the signal generator, the power amplifier, the piezoelectric sensing network and the signal collector card are connected to form a complete structural health monitoring system. Therefore, the upper computer, the signal generator, the power amplifier, the piezoelectric sensing network and the signal collector card are connected to form a complete structural health monitoring system.
As shown in fig. 3-7, the usage of the health monitoring system for the regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure, taking monitoring of the fastening state of a single bolt on the carbon fiber composite material wing box as an example, includes the following steps:
step 1: the arrangement of the monitored positive triangular phased array sensing network around the bolt is as follows: a bolt to be measured with the diameter of 10mm is taken as the center of an equilateral triangle, and a piezoelectric sensing array is arranged at the vertex A, B, C of the equilateral triangle with the side length of 100 mm.
Step 2: lamb wave signals are sequentially applied to a piezoelectric array with A, B, C vertexes, wherein one vertex serves as an exciter, the other two vertexes serve as sensors, an excitation-sensing channel is formed, and corresponding signals of 3 x (3-1) ═ 6 excitation-sensing channels are obtained in total.
Step 3: and through the programming of an upper computer, the excitation phase of the signal generator is fixed and is respectively 30 degrees, 160 degrees and 270 degrees, and the amplitude is 5V.
Step 4: and collecting corresponding signals of each channel sensor in a structural health state in the equilateral triangle area in a perfect bolt connection state as reference signals.
Step 5: collecting signals of loosened bolts and healthy structures in the regular triangle areas,
step 6: and obtaining the difference signal of each channel in the state according to a difference method.
Step 7: the difference signal obtained by subtracting the reference signal from the obtained signal is out of the allowable error range, and the allowable error range of the voltage amplitude is as follows: 0.025% VNormal value. The allowable error range of the phase is as follows: . + -. 0.01% of θNormal valueOtherwise, the bolt connection is complete.
Example 2: a method for monitoring the health of a local key area structure by using a bolt fastening structure health monitoring system of a regular triangle phased array.
For some local key areas which are special in positions and difficult to find whether damage hidden dangers exist, real-time online structural health monitoring needs to be carried out on the local key areas so as to timely acquire information such as whether damage exists and specific positions where the damage exists.
As shown in fig. 1, a bolt fastening health monitoring system for a regular triangle phased array is composed of an upper computer, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a regular triangle phased array sensing network module, a charge amplifier and a signal acquisition card.
The signal generator is a Rigol DG1022 signal generator of Beijing general source smart electrical technology, and is designed by adopting a direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology, so that an accurate, stable and low-distortion output signal can be generated, and various basic waveforms and arbitrary waveforms such as sine waves, square waves, sawtooth waves, pulse waves and the like can be generated. The frequency range is 100mHz-200 MHz.
The power amplifier is PA 1011. The piezoelectric sensor is TMDS 461. The charge amplifier is YE5850A obtained by Jiangsu union energy electronic technology limited company, and can input charge signals or voltage signals, wherein the maximum output voltage is +/-10 Vp (DC-30 kHz), the maximum output current is 5mA, and the frequency bandwidth is 2 muHz-100 KHz. The signal collector card is NI USB-6356 of national instruments of America, which is 8-path synchronous analog input, and has 1.25MS/s, 16-bit resolution and 10MS/s AI total throughput per channel.
The upper computer is connected with a USB HOST & Device interface of the signal generator through a USB data line, an output port of the signal generator is connected with an input port of the power amplifier, the USB Device interface of the power amplifier and A, B, C three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays on three vertexes of a regular triangle are connected through an STYV-1 polyethylene low-noise cable, A, B, C three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays are connected with the L5 interface of the charge amplifier through an STYV-1 polyethylene low-noise cable, then the output cable of SYV-SO-2-2 is connected with the BNC interface of the charge amplifier and the OPEN5 interface of the signal collector card, and finally the USB interface of the signal collector card and the USB interface of an upper computer are connected through a USB cable, therefore, the upper computer, the signal generator, the power amplifier, the piezoelectric sensing network and the signal collector card are connected to form a complete structural health monitoring system.
Taking the detection of the damage location of a carbon fiber plate with the thickness of 500mm multiplied by 5mm as an example, the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: the regular triangle phased array sensing network is arranged as follows: an equilateral triangle with the side length of 150mm is arranged on a carbon fiber plate with the thickness of 500mm multiplied by 5mm, and three vertexes A, B, C of the equilateral triangle are respectively provided with TMDS461 piezoelectric sheets with the same type.
Step 2: lamb wave signals with the amplitude of 5V are sequentially applied to the piezoelectric array with three vertexes A, B, C, wherein one vertex is used as an exciter, the other two vertexes are used as sensors, an excitation-sensing channel is formed, and corresponding signals of 3 x (3-1) ═ 6 excitation-sensing channels are obtained.
Step 3: in a scanning period T, the phase of each piezoelectric sheet is controlled by the upper computer in a programming mode, wherein initial phases of A, B, C points are respectively 0 degrees, 120 degrees and 210 degrees, in (0, T/2), a triangular area is scanned by taking the counterclockwise direction as the positive direction, a scanning angle is 60 degrees, namely when A, B, C points respectively scan 60 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, 1/2 scanning periods are finished. At the time of T/2+, the triangular area is scanned in the clockwise direction again, the scanning angle is 60 degrees, and one period of scanning is completed.
Step 4: and acquiring corresponding signals of each channel sensor in the structural health state in the equilateral triangle area as reference signals.
Step 5: and acquiring signals when the damage exists in the regular triangle area.
Step 6: and obtaining the difference signal of each channel in the state according to a difference method.
Step 7: and carrying out time reversal focusing on the obtained difference signal to obtain a corresponding damage imaging image.
Step 8: and measuring the time from the damage to each point A, B, C and the wave velocity in each direction to obtain the distance from the damage to A, B, C three points, fixing the positions of the three points according to A, B, C, and obtaining the position and the phase position of the damage by using the same point as the damage point.
Step 9: and the upper computer compares and integrates a damage imaging graph obtained by phased array and time reversal focusing and the damage position and phase obtained by Step8, so that the specific position of the damage can be obtained.
Example 3: a method for monitoring health of a bolt fastening state and local key areas around the bolt fastening state by using a health monitoring system of a bolt fastening structure of a regular triangular phased array.
The real-time online monitoring system has important significance for real-time online monitoring of bolt fastening states and health states of structures around bolts of sensitive parts, such as airplanes, bridges and equipment, provided with the bolts, and serious loss can be caused if the bolts of some important parts are loosened or the structures around the bolts are damaged to cause bolt loosening.
As shown in fig. 1, a bolt fastening health monitoring system for a regular triangle phased array is composed of an upper computer, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a regular triangle phased array sensing network module, a charge amplifier and a signal acquisition card.
The signal generator is a Rigol DG1022 signal generator of Beijing general source smart electrical technology, and is designed by adopting a direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology, so that an accurate, stable and low-distortion output signal can be generated, and various basic waveforms and arbitrary waveforms such as sine waves, square waves, sawtooth waves, pulse waves and the like can be generated. The frequency range is 100mHz-200 MHz.
The power amplifier is PA 1011. The piezoelectric sensor is TMDS 461. The charge amplifier is YE5850A obtained by Jiangsu union energy electronic technology limited company, and can input charge signals or voltage signals, wherein the maximum output voltage is +/-10 Vp (DC-30 kHz), the maximum output current is 5mA, and the frequency bandwidth is 2 muHz-100 KHz. The signal collector card is NI USB-6356 of national instruments of America, which is 8-path synchronous analog input, and has 1.25MS/s, 16-bit resolution and 10MS/s AI total throughput per channel.
The upper computer is connected with a USB HOST & Device interface of the signal generator through a USB data line, an output port of the signal generator is connected with an input port of the power amplifier, the USB Device interface of the power amplifier and A, B, C three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays on three vertexes of a regular triangle are connected through an STYV-1 polyethylene low-noise cable, A, B, C three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays are connected with the L5 interface of the charge amplifier through an STYV-1 polyethylene low-noise cable, then the output cable of SYV-SO-2-2 is connected with the BNC interface of the charge amplifier and the OPEN5 interface of the signal collector card, and finally the USB interface of the signal collector card and the USB interface of an upper computer are connected through a USB cable, therefore, the upper computer, the signal generator, the power amplifier, the piezoelectric sensing network and the signal collector card are connected to form a complete structural health monitoring system.
Taking an aluminum plate for installing a single bolt as an example, the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: the diameter of the bolt is 10mm, the diameter of the aluminum plate is 300mm multiplied by 5mm, and the arrangement of the regular triangular phased array sensing network around the bolt is as follows: a bolt to be measured with the diameter of 10mm is taken as the center of an equilateral triangle, and a piezoelectric sensing array is arranged at the vertex A, B, C of the equilateral triangle with the side length of 180 mm.
Step 2: lamb wave signals with the amplitude of 5V are sequentially applied to the piezoelectric array with three vertexes A, B, C, wherein one vertex is used as an exciter, the other two vertexes are used as sensors, an excitation-sensing channel is formed, and corresponding signals of 3 x (3-1) ═ 6 excitation-sensing channels are obtained.
Step 3: in a scanning period T, the excitation phase is controlled by an upper computer in a programmed mode, the initial positions of signals excited by A, B, C three-point arrays point to a central bolt, namely 30 degrees, 160 degrees and 270 degrees, the time for transmitting and receiving Lamb signals in the direction is T, the phases of the excitation signals return to the initial phase direction of A, B, C points at the time of T +, the initial phases of A, B, C points are respectively 0 degree, 120 degrees and 210 degrees, in (T, T/2), a triangular area is scanned by taking the anticlockwise direction as the positive direction, the scanning angle is 60 degrees, namely, when A, B, C points respectively scan 60 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, 1/2 scanning periods are finished. At the time of T/2+, the phase at A, B, C returns to the phase at the time of 0+, pointing to the triangular central bolt, returning to the positions of the phases of 60 °, 180 ° and 270 ° through time T and A, B, C, and scanning the triangular region in the clockwise direction at a scanning angle of 60 °, thereby completing the scanning of one period.
Step 4: and collecting corresponding signals of each channel sensor in a structural health state in the equilateral triangle area in a perfect bolt connection state as reference signals.
Step 5: respectively collecting: 1) the signal under the bolt looseness and regular triangle regional structure health condition, 2) the signal when bolt connection is intact and the regular triangle region has the damage, 3) the signal when the bolt looseness and the regular triangle region has the damage.
Step 6: and obtaining the difference signal of each channel in the state according to a difference method.
Step 7: according to the time reversal focusing principle, let t be the maximum time when A, B, C three-peak reaches the injury0The maximum time when the damage signal reaches A, B, C three vertices is t1Selecting tm>t1With tm-t0Respectively intercepting sensing signals of time periods (0, T) and (T/2, T/2+ T), (T, T/2) and (T/2+ T, T) for a time window, and subtracting the signals under the condition that the bolt connection is intact and the triangular region structure is healthy by using a difference method to respectively obtain corresponding damage scattering signals, wherein the bolt state is monitored in the time periods (0, T) and (T/2, T/2+ T), and the equilateral triangular region state is monitored in the time periods (T, T/2) and (T/2+ T, T). And at tm-t0The sensing signals are inverted in the time window to obtain corresponding inverted signals f (n is 1,2,3), and the inverted sensing signals are simultaneously loaded on the corresponding sensors, so that reconstructed focusing signals of wave sources can be obtained at the damaged part, and the focusing time t is tfIs the end of load time. And reversely focusing and imaging each piezoelectric element, superposing the damage images, and displaying the damage in a gray scale image according to different gray scales corresponding to different signal amplitudes so as to roughly judge the damage position.
Step 8: and measuring the time from the damage to each point A, B, C and the wave velocity in each direction to obtain the distance from the damage to A, B, C three points, fixing the positions of the three points according to A, B, C, and obtaining the position and the phase position of the damage by using the same point as the damage point.
Step 9: and (4) comparing and integrating a damage imaging graph obtained by phased array and time reversal focusing with the damage position and phase obtained in the step (8), so as to obtain the specific position of the damage.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A use method of a health monitoring system of a regular triangle phased array bolt fastening structure comprises an upper computer, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a regular triangle phased array sensing network, a charge amplifier and a signal acquisition card;
the regular triangle phased array sensing network comprises three groups of piezoelectric sensor arrays, wherein the three groups of piezoelectric sensor arrays form a regular triangle and are respectively positioned on three vertexes of the regular triangle; the three groups of linear array sensors are respectively used as exciters in sequence, and the rest two arrays are used as receivers;
the upper computer is connected with a USB HOST & Device interface of the signal generator through a USB data line, an output port of the signal generator is connected with an input port of the power amplifier, the USB Device interface of the power amplifier is connected with three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays at three vertexes of a regular triangle through a low-noise cable, the three groups of piezoelectric sensing arrays are connected with an L5 interface of the charge amplifier through a low-noise cable, a BNC interface of the charge amplifier is connected with an OPEN5 interface of the signal collector card through an output cable, and the USB interface of the signal collector card is connected with the USB interface of the upper computer through a USB cable;
the application method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: recording three groups of piezoelectric sensor arrays in a positive triangular phased array sensing network as A, B, C three points, setting excitation signal parameters in an upper computer, sending the excitation signal parameters to a signal generator, generating corresponding Lamb waves by the signal generator according to the received excitation signal parameters, amplifying the Lamb waves by a power amplifier, and sequentially loading the Lamb waves to excitation sensor array units in A, B, C three groups of linear array sensors in the positive triangular phased array sensing network respectively, carrying out phased scanning on a monitored structure by the Lamb wave signals generated by the excitation sensor array units to obtain Lamb wave signals containing damage information, wherein the signals are received by the rest two groups of receivers;
step 2: the Lamb wave signals containing damage information are transmitted to a charge amplifier for amplification, and a signal collector card collects the amplified effective signals and converts the effective signals into digital signals to be transmitted to an upper computer and stores the digital signals in the upper computer;
step 3: the upper computer performs imaging, calculation and comparison on the acquired signals through a difference method, a window function, a regular triangle phased array and regular triangle time reversal focusing to obtain the health condition of the monitored object;
the positive triangular phased array sensing network in Step1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step1.1: the monitored bolt is taken as the center of an equilateral triangle, linear piezoelectric arrays are respectively arranged at three vertexes of the equilateral triangle with the side length being, the three vertexes are sequentially numbered as A, B, C, the piezoelectric array at each vertex is composed of N piezoelectric patches, and the N piezoelectric patches are sequentially numbered as A0、A1、…AN-1，B0、B1、…BN-1，C0、C1、…CN-1；
Step1.2: applying narrow-band Lamb wave signals to the piezoelectric sensors at A, B, C vertexes in sequence, wherein one vertex is used as an exciter, the other two vertexes are used as receivers to form excitation-sensing channels, and response signals of 3 x (3-1) =6 excitation-sensing channels are obtained in total;
the phased array in the regular triangle phased array sensing network in Step1 is specifically as follows:
step1.3: in a scanning period T, the initial positions of excitation signals of three points of a regular triangle A, B, C point to a monitored bolt at a central point, and the phases of the three points A, B, C are respectively 30 degrees, 150 degrees and 270 degrees, and the time for transmitting and receiving Lamb signals in the direction is T; the phases of the excitation signals are all in the initial phase direction of A, B, C at the time t +, the initial phases of A, B, C are respectively 0 degrees, 120 degrees and 210 degrees, and the counterclockwise direction is taken as the positive direction for rotating scanning; at the time from T + to T/2, the array at A, B, C three points starts scanning the triangular region from the initial phase in the counterclockwise direction, and when the scanning angle is equal, that is, A, B, C scans 60 °, 180 ° and 270 ° respectively, 1/2 scanning cycles end; at the time of T/2+, the phase of A, B, C returns to the phase of 0+ time, namely 0 °, 120 ° and 210 °, and points to the triangular central bolt, and then returns to the phase of 60 °, 180 ° and 270 ° through time T and A, B, C, and the triangular region is scanned in the clockwise direction, the scanning angle is 60 °, and the scanning of one period is completed;
step1.4: repeating Step1.3 under the condition that the bolt connection state is intact and the regular triangle area structure is healthy, storing and recording corresponding response signals, and marking the response signals as reference signals;
step1.5: repeating Step1.3 under the condition that the bolt is loosened but the regular triangle area structure is in a healthy state, and storing and recording corresponding response signals;
step1.6: repeating Step1.3 under the condition that the regular triangle area has structural damage and the bolt connection is intact, and storing and recording corresponding response signals;
step1.7: repeating Step1.3 under the condition that the bolt is loosened and the structure of the triangular region is damaged, and storing and recording corresponding response signals;
step1.8: using the signal obtained in Step1.4 as a reference signal, respectively subtracting basic signals from response signals obtained in Step1.5 and Step1.6 according to a difference method to obtain damage scattering signals under different conditions, and storing and recording corresponding signals;
step1.9: comparing signal graphs of Step1.4 and Step1.5 in a period of (0, T) and a period of (T/2, T/2+ T), setting two signal difference thresholds, if the signal difference between the two thresholds exceeds the set threshold, judging that the bolt is loosened, and manually fastening the bolt and carrying out safety inspection operation, otherwise, the bolt is in a normal state;
step1.10 in Step1.6, when the regular triangle phased array detects the damage in the controlled area, Lamb waves are focused at the damage, the sensors receive the response signals reflected by the damage points, the response signals are subjected to time reversal, the signals are applied to the corresponding sensors to be used as excitation signals to be excited in the structure again, and the maximum time when the excitation signals reach the damage from A, B, C three vertexes is set as t0Damage reflected signal fromThe maximum time when the damage point reaches A, B, C three peaks is t1Selecting tm>t1With tm- t0Respectively intercepting each path sensing signal for a time window and at tm- t0The sensing signals are inverted in the time window to obtain corresponding inverted signals, the inverted sensing signals are simultaneously loaded on corresponding sensors, inverted focusing signals of wave sources can be obtained at the damaged positions, the wave sources, namely the inverted focusing of the damaged signals at the damaged positions, the focusing time is the loading finishing time, the signals of all sensing paths are subjected to inverted focusing imaging, the imaging results of all paths are superposed, and the damage is presented in a gray scale image according to different gray scales corresponding to different sensing path signals, so that the damaged position can be judged;
step1.11: measuring the time from the damage to each point A, B, C and the wave velocity in each direction according to Step1.10 to obtain the distance from the damage to three points A, B, C, then obtaining the distance from the same damage point in the triangle to three points A, B, C according to the property of the regular triangle, namely that in the equilateral triangle, the three vertexes A, B, C are fixed, the positions are known, and the distance from the same damage point in the triangle to the three points A, B, C can be obtained, and obtaining the specific position and phase of the damage point in a rectangular coordinate system to obtain the position and phase of the damage;
step 1.12: comparing and integrating Step1.10 and Step1.11 to obtain the specific position of the injury, obtaining the position condition of the injury through an imaging result by Step1.10, and calibrating the specific position of the injury through Step 9;
step1.13: and (3) intercepting the signals in the two sections of time by using the time window functions of (0, T) and (T/2, T/2+ T) of the signals obtained from Step1.7, subtracting the corresponding reference signal in Step1.4 to obtain the damage scattering signal of the bolt in the state, subtracting the reference signal in Step1.4 from the signals in the rest time section to obtain the damage signal of the regular triangle area in Step1.7, and repeating Step1.10 and Step1.11 to obtain the specific position of the damage.
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