CN112166730A - Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof - Google Patents
Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an inverted convex planting ditch of a saline-alkali soil, a construction method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement.A drainage ditch protruding to the deep of a stratum is arranged at the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch, and a non-protruding part of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a planting area; the wall and the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch are covered with plastic films; the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a downslope from the edge of the planting area to the drainage ditch; a drain pipe is arranged in the drainage ditch; the top end of the drain pipe is provided with a plurality of water inlet holes; the opening at the top of the drainage ditch is covered with non-woven fabrics; the non-woven fabric is covered with crop straws. The inverted convex planting furrows can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil and can not cause the problem of salt return in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to an inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and a construction method and application thereof.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is widely distributed in China, wherein the northwest, the north China, the northeast and the coastal areas are main distribution areas of the saline-alkali soil in China. Saline-alkali soil can be classified into coastal saline soil, Huanghuai plain saline soil, Songnen plain saline-alkali soil, semi-desert inland saline soil and desert saline soil according to regional differences. Soil moisture is a solvent of salt and a carrier for salt movement, and the salt movement in the soil has the characteristics of 'salt coming with water and salt going with water'. Influenced by factors such as soil type, climate conditions, terrain, underground water and the like, the soil water and salt migration rule shows obvious regional characteristics, and taking a Bohai sea monsoon climate region as an example, the region has large spring evaporation capacity and less rainfall capacity, deep soil salt gradually gathers towards the surface layer under the drive of moisture, and the soil shows explosive salt accumulation; in summer, the rainfall is gradually increased, and the soil body is expressed as salt leaching through rainfall leaching; in autumn, rainfall is reduced, but evaporation capacity is still large, soil also shows salt accumulation, but the soil is not strong in spring; in winter, the soil is frozen and deep soil is formed.
The salt migrates to the frozen layer along with the water, and the latent salt accumulation process creates conditions for the explosive salt accumulation of the soil in the spring of the next year. The characteristics of saline-alkali soil and soil water and salt migration determine the complexity, diversity and technical difficulty of saline-alkali soil improvement and utilization.
At present, saline-alkali soil improvement measures comprise agricultural technical measures, farmland water conservancy measures, chemical improvement measures, biological improvement measures and the like, and specific technologies mainly comprise alien soil, fresh water leaching, soil chemical improvement agents, saline-alkali tolerant plant introduction, concealed pipe saline discharge and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil, and a construction method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil, wherein a drainage ditch protruding to the deep of a stratum is arranged at the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch, and a non-protruding part of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a planting area; the wall and the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch are covered with plastic films; the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a downslope from the edge of the planting area to the drainage ditch; a drain pipe is arranged in the drainage ditch; the top end of the drain pipe is provided with a plurality of water inlet holes; the opening at the top of the drainage ditch is covered with non-woven fabrics; the non-woven fabric is covered with crop straws.
Preferably, the shape of the longitudinal section of the implantation area comprises a U shape; the depth of the trench wall of the planting region is 70-90 cm.
Preferably, the shape of the longitudinal section of the drainage ditch comprises a rectangle; the width of escape canal is 25 ~ 28cm, and the degree of depth is 25 ~ 28 cm.
Preferably, the longitudinal section of the drain pipe is circular; the outer diameter of the drain pipe is 23-25 cm.
The invention also provides a construction method of the inverted convex planting furrows, which comprises the following steps:
1) performing flood irrigation on the saline-alkali soil to be improved until the salt content of the soil with the depth of 0-70 cm is less than 0.2%;
2) excavating an inverted convex ditch body comprising the planting area and the drainage ditch 2-5 days after the flood irrigation;
3) covering a plastic film on the groove wall and the groove bottom of the inverted convex groove body; placing a drain pipe in the drainage ditch, and punching a hole on the drain pipe to form a drain hole; covering non-woven fabrics at the top of the drainage ditch; and covering the non-woven fabric with crop straws to obtain the inverted convex planting furrows.
Preferably, the salt content of the saline-alkali soil to be improved is more than or equal to 0.6%.
Preferably, the diameter of the drain hole is 2-3 cm; the distance between the drain holes is 4-5 cm; the drainage holes are uniformly distributed on 1/2 spherical surfaces at the upper part of the drainage pipe.
The invention also provides application of the inverted convex planting furrows in the scheme in perennial economic crop cultivation, which comprises the following steps of planting the perennial economic crop in the planting areas of the inverted convex planting furrows for cultivation.
The invention provides an inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil, wherein plastic films are covered on the ditch wall and the ditch bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch, so that the phenomenon of salt return of the soil can be avoided. In the invention, the groove wall of the planting area and the groove wall of the drainage ditch are connected through a platform; the bottom of the inverted convex type planting ditch is formed into a downhill slope from the edge of the planting area to a drainage ditch, and rainfall water in the planting area can be quickly and smoothly gathered in the drainage ditch. In the invention, a drain pipe is arranged in the drainage ditch; the top end of the drain pipe is provided with a plurality of water inlet holes; the drain pipe can prevent the waterlogging caused by concentrated rainfall while ensuring that the salinity and alkalinity of the soil are reduced. The inverted convex planting furrows can improve the saline-alkali condition of saline-alkali soil, can effectively cultivate perennial economic crops on severe saline-alkali soil (the salt content is higher than 0.6 percent and the pH value is more than 9.0) and can ensure the cultivation effect and the yield. The inverted convex planting furrows have low construction cost, and have high benefit and great profit when being used for planting apples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an inverted convex planting furrow in example 1, wherein 1 is a plastic film, 2 is a planting furrow, 3 is a non-woven fabric, and 4 is a PVC drain pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil, wherein a drainage ditch protruding to the deep of a stratum is arranged at the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch, and a non-protruding part of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a planting area; the wall and the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch are covered with plastic films; the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a downslope from the edge of the planting area to the drainage ditch; a drain pipe is arranged in the drainage ditch; the top end of the drain pipe is provided with a plurality of water inlet holes; the opening at the top of the drainage ditch is covered with non-woven fabrics; the non-woven fabric is covered with crop straws.
The invention has no special limit on the space between the adjacent planting furrows, and the invention can meet the cultivation condition of the crops to be planted.
In the invention, the inverted convex planting furrows are excavated in the saline-alkali soil 2-5 days after irrigation, and the salt content of the surface soil is leached to the bottom layer through irrigation so as to reduce the salt content of the crop growth layer.
In the invention, the film of the trench wall of the planting region extends to the ground to facilitate the fixation of the film, and the width of the film extending to the ground from both sides is preferably 25-35 cm, and more preferably 30 cm.
In the present invention, the plastic film is required to have no slit integrally; the thickness of the plastic film is preferably 0.1-0.2 mm, and more preferably 0.14 mm. The effect of plastic film is after the salinity is eluviated to the underground, because of the barrier effect of film, it can't reach the earth's surface under the transpiration for the condition of salt return does not appear in the field planting ditch.
In the invention, the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a downslope from the edge of the planting area to the drainage ditch, and rainfall accumulated water in the planting area can be quickly and smoothly gathered in the drainage ditch; in the invention, the drainage ditch is preferably arranged at the central position of the bottom of the planting area. The invention has no special limit on the slope of the downward slope formed by the edge of the planting area to the drainage ditch at the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch.
In the invention, the drainage pipe is arranged in the drainage ditch, so that the saline-alkali degree of soil is reduced, and simultaneously, waterlogging caused by concentrated rainfall can be prevented.
In the present invention, the shape of the longitudinal section of the implantation region preferably includes a U shape; the width of the implantation area is preferably 120-180 cm, and is further preferably 150 cm; the depth of the trench wall of the planting region is 70-90 cm, and preferably 80 cm.
In the present invention, the shape of the longitudinal section of the drainage ditch preferably includes a rectangle; the width of escape canal is preferably 25 ~ 28cm, and the degree of depth is preferably 25 ~ 28 cm.
In the present invention, the longitudinal section of the drain pipe is preferably circular; the outer diameter of the drain pipe is preferably 23-25 cm; the material of the drain pipe is preferably PVC.
In the present invention, the number of layers of the nonwoven fabric is preferably 1; the width of the non-woven fabric is preferably 28-30 cm; the nonwoven fabric functions to prevent the drain holes from being blocked.
In the present invention, the crop straw is preferably wheat straw; the crop straws have the function of preventing the non-woven fabrics from being blocked by soil; the covering thickness of the crop straws is preferably 2-4 cm, and further preferably 3 cm.
The invention also provides a construction method of the inverted convex planting furrows, which comprises the following steps:
1) performing flood irrigation on the saline-alkali soil to be improved until the salt content of the soil with the depth of 0-70 cm is less than 0.2%;
2) excavating an inverted convex ditch body comprising the planting area and the drainage ditch 2-5 days after the flood irrigation;
3) covering a plastic film on the groove wall and the groove bottom of the inverted convex groove body; placing a drain pipe in the drainage ditch, and punching a hole on the drain pipe to form a drain hole; covering non-woven fabrics at the top of the drainage ditch; and covering the non-woven fabric with crop straws to obtain the inverted convex planting furrows.
Firstly, performing flood irrigation on saline-alkali soil to be improved until the salt content of the soil with the depth of 0-70 cm is less than 0.2%; the purpose of salt washing can be achieved by the flood irrigation; the salt content of the saline-alkali soil to be improved is preferably more than or equal to 0.6 percent; the irrigation quantity of the large water flood irrigation is preferably 200-300 mm.
According to the invention, the inverted convex ditch body comprising the planting area and the drainage ditch is excavated 2-5 days after the flood irrigation. In the invention, the excavation time is preferably 3d after irrigation, and the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is dry; the excavation is preferably performed using an excavator.
After digging the inverted convex type ditch body, covering a plastic film on the ditch wall and the ditch bottom of the inverted convex type ditch body; placing a drain pipe in the drainage ditch, and punching a hole on the drain pipe to form a drain hole; covering non-woven fabrics at the top of the drainage ditch; and covering the non-woven fabric with crop straws to obtain the inverted convex planting furrows.
In the present invention, the shape of the drain hole is preferably circular; the diameter of the drain hole is preferably 2-3 cm; the distance between the drain holes is preferably 4-5 cm; the drainage holes are uniformly distributed on 1/2 spherical surfaces at the upper part of the drainage pipe.
The invention also provides application of the inverted convex planting furrows in the scheme in perennial economic crop cultivation, which comprises the following steps of planting the perennial economic crop in the planting areas of the inverted convex planting furrows for cultivation.
In the present invention, the perennial economic crop preferably comprises a perennial fruit tree; the perennial fruit trees preferably include apple trees.
In the invention, the backfill soil adopted in the planting process is preferably soil dug out by digging planting furrows after large water flood irrigation salt.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A place: shandong province Ying City
Conditions are as follows: saline-alkali soil of yellow river delta (salt content 0.94%, pH 8.5)
Time: 2018 years old
Variety: the stock is M9T337, and the variety is Venus gold
The technical scheme is as follows:
(1) preparation before building garden
Leveling the land, and performing flood irrigation to reduce the salt content of the soil to be below 0.2 percent. And (5) airing for 3 days according to weather conditions, and excavating planting furrows when the surface soil is dry.
(2) Construction of planting furrows
Excavating planting furrows at one time by using an excavator. About 80cm deep and about 150cm wide. And manually trimming the bottom of the planting furrows to form a central inclined surface, and downwards digging a drainage ditch with the width of about 25cm and the depth of about 25 cm.
(3) Laying accessories
Firstly, laying an optimized plastic film in the planting furrows, and covering the side walls and the bottoms of the whole planting furrows. And about 30cm above the ground. Then, a standard PVC pipe with the nominal outer diameter of 25cm is adopted, holes are uniformly formed in the PVC pipe (the drain holes are circular in shape, the diameter of the drain holes is 3cm, the distance between the drain holes is 5cm, the drain holes are uniformly distributed on 1/2 spherical surfaces on the upper portion of the drain pipe), and the PVC pipe is placed in the drain ditch. And then a layer of non-woven fabric is laid above the drain pipe, and the width of the non-woven fabric is 40 cm. And a layer of straw with the thickness of about 3cm is paved above the non-woven fabric.
(4) Planting
Soil (soil dug out by digging a planting ditch after salt is washed by flood irrigation) is backfilled and planted (the row spacing is 4m, the plant spacing is 1m), and water is permeated after planting. And performing daily management and pest control normally.
(5) Results
Fruits can be hung in the current year after planting, the economic yield is achieved in the second year, and the yield per mu is about 600 kilograms; the yield per mu in the third year is about 1500 kilograms.
Accounting for management and control cost of saline-alkali soil
The excavator is 500 yuan/mu; artificial 400 yuan/mu; the film needs 830 square meters per mu, the unit price is 1.5 yuan/per mu, and the total price per mu is 1245 yuan; the non-woven fabric needs 200 yuan per mu, the unit price is 0.8 yuan per mu, and the total price per mu is 160 yuan; the PVC drain pipe needs 200 meters per mu, and the total price per mu is 1570 yuan.
The schematic diagram of the inverted-convex planting furrows of example 1 is shown in fig. 1, wherein 1 is a plastic film, 2 is a planting furrows, 3 is a non-woven fabric, and 4 is a PVC drain pipe. .
Comparative example 1
The remaining processing was the same as in example 1 except that step (3) was omitted.
The results of comparison of example 1 and comparative example 1 are as follows:
(1) and (3) seedling growth: the nursery stock of example 1 grows well, and the survival rate reaches more than 90%. The nursery stock of comparative example 1 gradually appeared withered and yellow leaves, and salt damage symptoms of growth retardation from planting to withering.
(2) Construction cost: the cost of example 1 is approximately 3000 yuan higher per acre compared to comparative example 1. The cost recovery of example 1 can be completed in the second year after cultivation, while the nursery stock of comparative example 1 withers to death, without any profit.
Therefore, the method can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil, and the problem of salt return in the prior art is solved. Secondly, the method has low garden building cost, high benefit and quick effect.
Example 2
The places are as follows: saline-alkali soil in Shandong Dongying City and planting base of Shandong Weihai apple (normal land, salt content is less than 0.1%, pH is 6.85). Except for this, it was the same as the treatment and example 1.
Comparative example 2
The places are as follows: and (4) managing the apple orchard by normal growth of the Weihai in Shandong. The procedure was as in example 1 except that step (1) and step (3) were omitted.
After 1 year, the results of example 2 and comparative example 2 were compared as follows:
(1) the soil salt content of example 2 was 0.21%, pH7.5, the soil salt content of comparative example 2 was 0.08%, and the soil pH 6.0.
(2) And (3) seedling growth: the nursery stocks in the example 2 and the comparative example 2 have good growth vigor and the survival rate reaches more than 90 percent.
(3) The result is that: both the example 2 and the comparative example 2 can bear fruits in the current planting year, the economic yield is about 600 kg per mu in the second year; the yield per mu in the third year is about 1500 kilograms.
(4) Fruit quality: statistical analysis showed significant differences at p <0.05 levels, with apple soluble solids content (18.6 ± 0.09) significantly higher for example 2 than for comparative example 2(15.8 ± 0.12).
Compared with normal land, the saline-alkali soil is beneficial to improving the fruit quality, increasing the soluble solid content of the fruit and improving the commodity of the fruit after being improved, thereby increasing the income of farmers.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil is characterized in that a drainage ditch protruding deep into the stratum is arranged at the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch, and a non-protruding part of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a planting area; the wall and the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch are covered with plastic films;
the bottom of the inverted convex planting ditch forms a downslope from the edge of the planting area to the drainage ditch;
a drain pipe is arranged in the drainage ditch; the top end of the drain pipe is provided with a plurality of water inlet holes; the opening at the top of the drainage ditch is covered with non-woven fabrics; the non-woven fabric is covered with crop straws.
2. The inverted convex field planting furrow of claim 1 wherein a longitudinal cross-section of the field comprises a U-shape; the width of the planting area is 120-180 cm, and the depth of the trench wall of the planting area is 70-90 cm.
3. The inverted convex planting furrow of claim 1, wherein a longitudinal cross section of the drainage furrow comprises a rectangular shape; the width of escape canal is 25 ~ 28cm, and the degree of depth is 25 ~ 28 cm.
4. The inverted-convex planting furrow of claim 3, wherein the drain pipe is circular in longitudinal section; the outer diameter of the drain pipe is 23-25 cm.
5. A method for constructing an inverted convex planting furrow as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) performing flood irrigation on the saline-alkali soil to be improved until the salt content of the soil with the depth of 0-70 cm is less than 0.2%;
2) excavating an inverted convex ditch body comprising the planting area and the drainage ditch 2-5 days after the flood irrigation;
3) covering a plastic film on the groove wall and the groove bottom of the inverted convex groove body; placing a drain pipe in the drainage ditch, and punching a hole on the drain pipe to form a drain hole; covering non-woven fabrics at the top of the drainage ditch; and covering the non-woven fabric with crop straws to obtain the inverted convex planting furrows.
6. The construction method according to claim 5, wherein the saline-alkali soil to be improved has a salt content of not less than 0.6%.
7. The construction method according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the drain hole is 2-3 cm; the distance between the drain holes is 4-5 cm; the drainage holes are uniformly distributed on 1/2 spherical surfaces at the upper part of the drainage pipe.
8. The application of the inverted convex planting furrows of any one of claims 1-7 in the cultivation of perennial economic crops comprises the following steps of planting the perennial economic crops in the planting areas of the inverted convex planting furrows for cultivation.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011202055.2A CN112166730A (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2020-11-02 | Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof |
| AU2021101043A AU2021101043A4 (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-26 | Inverted π-shaped furrow in saline-alkali land and construction method and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011202055.2A CN112166730A (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2020-11-02 | Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112166730A true CN112166730A (en) | 2021-01-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202011202055.2A Pending CN112166730A (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2020-11-02 | Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN112166730A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2021101043A4 (en) |
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- 2021-02-26 AU AU2021101043A patent/AU2021101043A4/en not_active Ceased
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| CN102197726A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2011-09-28 | 兰州大学 | Method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of oasis area and planting high-quality lawn |
| CN102273335A (en) * | 2011-06-18 | 2011-12-14 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Treatment and utilization method of muddy seashore saline soil |
| CN104012361A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-03 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Method preventing soil, water and fertilizer from being lost when grapes are planted in sand and gravel land |
| CN106613716A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Ecological improving method of saline-alkali soil vine crown artificial community |
| CN108184358A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-22 | 郑晓华 | A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN110402752A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-05 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | A kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore facility grape original soil cultivation |
| CN111149457A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-15 | 天津大学 | Coastal saline-alkali soil engineering improvement system and method |
| CN111758324A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-10-13 | 天津绿茵景观生态建设股份有限公司 | In-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil |
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