CN112123222A - Grinding method of zirconia ceramic ball fixation grinding tool based on chemical mechanical action - Google Patents
Grinding method of zirconia ceramic ball fixation grinding tool based on chemical mechanical action Download PDFInfo
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- CN112123222A CN112123222A CN202010804423.4A CN202010804423A CN112123222A CN 112123222 A CN112123222 A CN 112123222A CN 202010804423 A CN202010804423 A CN 202010804423A CN 112123222 A CN112123222 A CN 112123222A
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWWDDFFHABKNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilicon;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Si]=O TWWDDFFHABKNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
- B24D3/10—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for porous or cellular structure, e.g. for use with diamonds as abrasives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0054—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by impressing abrasive powder in a matrix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/14—Polyepoxides
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
A grinding method of a zirconia ceramic ball fixed abrasive tool based on chemical mechanical action comprises the following steps: 1) the soft abrasive fixed abrasive tool is prepared from a soft abrasive, a curing agent, a filler and a reactant; 2) hot-press forming the prepared ingredients in a mould, completing thermosetting after demoulding and finishing the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the ingredients; 3) mounting the soft grinding material fixing grinding tool on an upper disc of the grinding machine, wherein a cast iron grinding disc or the soft grinding material fixing grinding tool is adopted as a lower disc; the zirconia ceramic ball to be processed is placed in the raceway of the lower disc, the grinding machine is started, water-based cooling liquid is injected between the upper disc and the lower disc, a reactant exposed on the surface of the grinding machine is dissolved in water to generate a local alkaline environment, the reactant and the zirconia ceramic ball in the contact area of the grinding disc are subjected to chemical reaction to generate a reaction product layer, and the reaction product layer is removed by utilizing the friction action between subsequent grinding materials and the product layer. The invention can improve the processing quality of the zirconia ceramic ball, improve the processing efficiency and reduce the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grinding method of zirconia ceramic balls, in particular to a high-efficiency and high-quality grinding method for finishing zirconia ceramic balls.
Background
With the development of industrial technology, performance requirements such as high speed, high precision, high reliability and the like are put forward on machine tools and instruments. The zirconia ceramics has the excellent characteristics of high strength, low density, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, no electromagnetic shielding, stable chemical property, good biocompatibility and the like. The zirconia ball has the characteristics of high toughness, high bending strength, and good wear resistance and heat insulation performance. When the temperature is heated to 600 ℃, the hardness, the strength and the density of the zirconia balls are still considerable, the thermal expansion rate is comparable to that of metal, and the zirconia balls are very suitable for being matched with metal. The zirconia ceramic is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, national defense industry, new energy, automobiles, electronics, biomedical treatment and the like in China, wherein zirconia balls are widely applied to ceramic ball bearings (steel bearing rings and ceramic material rolling bodies) and sealing elements. The ceramic ball bearing has the advantages of long service life (2-5 times of that of a steel bearing), high rotating speed, good overall precision and rigidity, good thermal stability, no magnetism and other excellent comprehensive properties, has very wide application prospect under the working conditions of high temperature, high speed, high precision, acid-base corrosion, electric corrosion, strong magnetic field, no lubrication or medium lubrication and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, military, petroleum, chemical industry, high-speed precision machinery and the like.
However, zirconia ceramics are hard and brittle materials which are difficult to process, a V-shaped groove grinding method for grinding steel balls is mainly adopted in the traditional ceramic ball processing, hard diamond grinding materials are adopted as grinding media, and a free grinding material grinding method is adopted for processing, so that the processing period is long (12-15 days are needed for completing a batch of ceramic balls). The lengthy processing and expensive diamond abrasives result in high manufacturing costs. Research experience at home and abroad shows that the low processing efficiency and the high processing cost of the zirconia ceramic rolling element are main reasons for limiting the popularization and the application of the ceramic ball bearing.
In the grinding process of the free abrasive, the abrasive particles mainly realize material removal in a rolling mode, the quantity of the abrasive particles participating in material removal in unit time is small, and the material removal rate is low. In order to overcome the problem of relatively low processing efficiency of free abrasives, at present, patents, scientific and technical papers and other reports have developed a fixed abrasive (grinding wheel) grinding technology for rapidly removing the processing allowance of the ceramic ball, and the ceramic ball material is efficiently removed by utilizing mechanical actions such as scribing and the like of hard abrasives (the hardness of the abrasives is higher than that of the ceramic ball material) such as diamond, boron carbide, silicon carbide and the like which are solidified together. In the fixed abrasive grinding process, abrasive particles are consolidated together, the abrasive particles mainly remove workpiece materials in a scribing mode, the number of the abrasive particles participating in the process is large, and high material removal rate can be obtained. However, the zirconia ceramic ball with hard and brittle characteristics is very sensitive to surface/subsurface cracks, and under the action of a large load, the material of the zirconia ceramic ball is removed by the mechanical action of hard abrasive materials such as diamond, boron carbide, silicon carbide and the like, so that surface damage such as pits, scratches, microcracks and the like can be easily caused on the surface of the zirconia ceramic ball. These surface defects can propagate under the action of external load to form larger brittle cracks, thereby causing sudden failure of the ceramic ball and seriously reducing the service performance of the zirconia ceramic ball. Therefore, the fixed abrasive machining technology developed at present is mainly suitable for efficiently removing the machining allowance of the zirconia ceramic ball, and a high-quality surface without surface damage is difficult to obtain. The fine machining of the zirconia ceramic ball aims to further improve the surface machining defects caused by semi-fine machining and improve the surface quality and precision of the ceramic ball until the requirements of finished products are met. For this reason, fixed abrasive machining methods using such hard abrasives as diamond, boron carbide, and silicon carbide are rarely used for finishing zirconia ceramic balls. And the grinding/polishing method of free abrasive such as chromium oxide, diamond micropowder and the like is still adopted for finish machining, so the machining efficiency of the finish machining stage of the zirconia ceramic ball is still low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of low efficiency and high cost of the zirconia ceramic ball finish machining stage, the invention provides the method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball fixed grinding tool based on the chemical mechanical action, which has the advantages of good processing surface quality, high processing efficiency and low production cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a grinding method of a zirconia ceramic ball fixed abrasive tool based on chemical mechanical action comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a fixed grinding tool: the fixed abrasive tool is prepared from a soft abrasive, a curing agent, a filler and a reactant, wherein the hardness of the soft abrasive particles is lower than that of the zirconia ceramic, and the four components in percentage by mass are as follows: 60-80% of soft abrasive, 10-20% of curing agent, 5-10% of filler and 5-10% of reactant, and the soft abrasive, the curing agent, the filler and the reactant are mixed and stirred uniformly;
2) manufacturing a fixed grinding tool: hot-press forming the prepared ingredients in a mould, completing hot curing after demoulding, and finishing the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the mould to ensure the flatness and parallelism of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the grinding tool;
3) finish machining of the zirconia ceramic ball by the fixed grinding tool: mounting the soft grinding material fixing grinding tool on an upper disc of the grinding machine, wherein a cast iron grinding disc or the soft grinding material fixing grinding tool is adopted as a lower disc; placing the zirconia ceramic ball to be processed in the raceway of the lower disc, starting a grinder, and injecting water-based cooling liquid between the upper disc and the lower disc; the grinding tool surface reactant is dissolved in water to generate a local alkaline environment and chemically react with the contact area of the zirconia ceramic ball to generate a soft reaction product layer which is easy to remove, and the product layer is removed by utilizing the friction action between the subsequent grinding material and the product layer, so that the fine machining of the zirconia ceramic ball is realized.
Further, in the step 3), under the action of pressure and relative speed, the reactant on the surface of the grinding tool is dissolved in water to generate a local alkaline environment, the reactant on the contact area of the fixed grinding tool and the zirconia material are subjected to chemical reaction to generate a soft reaction product layer which is easy to remove, and the product layer is removed by utilizing the friction action between the subsequent grinding material and the product layer, so that the finish machining of the zirconia ceramic ball is realized.
And further, the reactant is dispersed in the fixed grinding tool, and along with the grinding loss of the grinding tool, the reactant originally wrapped in the grinding tool is gradually exposed on the surface of the fixed grinding tool, so that the reactant on the surface of the fixed grinding tool can be continuously updated, and the continuous chemical reaction of the contact area of the fixed grinding tool and the zirconia ceramic ball is ensured.
Furthermore, the soft abrasive is one or two or a mixture of two or more of the following: cerium oxide, silicon oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide and titanium oxide.
Still further, the curing agent is one of the following: epoxy resin curing agent, unsaturated resin curing agent, thermoplastic phenolic resin, thermosetting phenolic resin, polyamide resin curing agent, phenolic aldehyde-acetal resin, phenolic aldehyde-epoxy resin, boron phenolic resin, organosilicon phenolic resin and the like.
Still further, the filler is one or two or more of the following: sodium bicarbonate, starch filler, inorganic salt filler, saccharide filler and cellulose filler.
Furthermore, the reactant is one or two or more of the following: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide.
Another preferred scheme is as follows: in the step 2), the pressure is 300-600kg/cm in the hot press forming process2The hot pressing temperature is set at 100-200 ℃ according to different curing agents, and the hot pressing time is set at 45-120min according to different grinding tools.
In the step 2), in the heat curing process, the temperature of an oven is kept at 80-200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-48 hours; for grinding toolsDiameter less than
The soft grinding material is fixed on the grinding tool to manufacture an integral grinding tool; for diameters greater than
The soft grinding material fixed grinding tool is manufactured into a fan-shaped grinding tool block, and a circular grinding disc is assembled when the soft grinding material fixed grinding tool is used.
In the step 2), the flatness and the parallelism are controlled within 0.1mm in the trimming process.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: the method is characterized in that a fixed abrasive grinding tool is prepared by adopting a soft abrasive with hardness lower than that of a zirconia ceramic ball, a soft reaction product layer which is easy to remove is formed on the surface of the zirconia ceramic ball by utilizing the chemical reaction between a reactant and a zirconia material in the processing process, and the product layer is removed by utilizing the friction action between the subsequent abrasive and the product layer, so that the finish machining of the zirconia ceramic ball is realized. Because the hardness of the adopted abrasive is far lower than that of the zirconia ceramic ball, the processing method can not cause surface damage such as pits, scratches, microcracks and the like when the zirconia ceramic ball is processed by hard abrasives such as diamond, boron carbide, silicon carbide and the like on the zirconia ceramic ball, thereby improving the processing quality of the zirconia ceramic ball. On the other hand, because the fixed abrasive tool is adopted to consolidate the soft abrasive, the quantity of the abrasive particles participating in the processing is provided, and the processing efficiency of the zirconia ceramic ball finish processing is improved.
A soft reaction product layer which is easy to remove is formed on the surface of the zirconia ceramic ball by utilizing the chemical reaction between a strong base reactant and a zirconia material, and the product layer is removed by utilizing the friction action between a subsequent grinding material and the product layer, thereby realizing the fine processing of the zirconia ceramic ball. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and zirconium oxide (ZrO) are given below2) Chemical reaction equation that occurs for ceramic materials:
ZrO2+2NaOH→Na2ZrO3+H2O (1)
Na2ZrO3+H2O→ZrO2+2NaOH (2)
zirconium dioxide reacts with alkali to generate zirconate, which is easily hydrolyzed into ZrO when meeting water2·xH2O and precipitate. Silicon oxide hydrate (ZrO)2·xH2O) is zirconium oxide (ZrO)2) The main reaction products remain on the surface of the ceramic ball, and the hardness of the abrasive such as cerium oxide, silicon oxide and the like is lower than that of the zirconia ceramic. Therefore, the zirconia ceramic balls are finished by the soft abrasive materials, and the material removal is realized by utilizing the chemical-mechanical (friction) action of the abrasive materials and workpieces instead of the pure mechanical action of the abrasive materials, so that surface damages such as pits, scratches, microcracks and the like cannot be caused to the zirconia ceramic balls, and a smooth and undamaged surface is obtained.
The strong base reactant can be dissolved in the water-based cooling liquid to carry out chemical reaction with the zirconia ceramic balls. The chemical reaction between this strong base reactant and the zirconia ceramic balls cannot be carried out in an oil-based environment. The main reason for this is that the conductivity and solubility of the oil-based polishing solution are almost zero. The oil film between the abrasive and the workpiece prevents the chemical reaction between them, even if it is very weak.
On the other hand, as the fixed abrasive grinding tool is adopted to consolidate the soft abrasive, compared with the traditional free abrasive grinding, the method not only improves the quantity of the abrasive particles participating in processing, but also increases the constraint on the abrasive particles and reduces the free rolling of the abrasive particles, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the finish processing of the zirconia ceramic ball.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the surface damage of the zirconia ceramic ball caused by the mechanical removal effect of the abrasive particles is reduced, the processing quality of the zirconia ceramic ball is improved, the processing speed is high, the processing efficiency is high, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a fixed abrasive tool based on chemical mechanical action.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a large diameter fixed abrasive soft abrasive tool.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the mounting of a fixed abrasive soft abrasive tool on a grinding machine.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the chemical mechanical action of zirconia ceramic balls.
FIG. 5 is a microscopic view of the zirconia ceramic balls undergoing chemical mechanical action.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a method for grinding a zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on chemical mechanical action, the grinding method comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a soft grinding material fixing grinding tool:
referring to fig. 1, the soft abrasive fixed abrasive tool comprises soft abrasive particles 1, a reactant 2, a filler 3 and a curing agent (binder) 4, wherein the soft abrasive fixed abrasive tool comprises the following four components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of soft abrasive, 10-20% of curing agent, 5-10% of reactant and 5-10% of filler; mixing the soft abrasive, the curing agent, the reactant and the filler, and uniformly stirring;
2) manufacturing a soft grinding material fixing grinding tool:
and (3) placing the prepared soft grinding material fixing grinding tool ingredients into the grinding tool, and performing hot-press forming. The pressure is 300-2The hot pressing temperature is set at 100-200 ℃ according to different curing agents, and the hot pressing time is set at 45-360min according to different grinding tools. Demolding the grinding tool after hot press forming, and placing the grinding tool into an oven for curing, wherein the temperature of the oven is kept at 80-200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-48 hours; for abrasive tools with diameters less than
The soft abrasive fixed abrasive tool can be directly manufactured into an integral abrasive tool. For diameters greater than
Referring to fig. 2, the soft abrasive fixed abrasive tool of (1) can be made into a fan-shaped abrasive tool block 5, and when in use, a plurality of blocks are fan-shaped groundThe blocks are adhered to the circular base plate 6 by using an adhesive to assemble the circular grinding plate. After the soft grinding material fixation grinding tool is manufactured, the end face of the soft grinding material fixation grinding tool is trimmed so as to ensure the flatness and the parallelism of the processing surface of the grinding tool, and the flatness and the parallelism are controlled within 0.1 mm.
3) And (3) finely processing the zirconia ceramic ball by adopting a soft grinding material fixing grinding tool:
first, mounting of the fixed soft abrasive grinding tool: referring to fig. 3, a soft abrasive fixed abrasive tool 5 is bonded to a tool base 6 using an adhesive, and the base 6 is connected to an upper plate 7 of a grinding machine using bolts. The upper disc 8 of the grinder is made of cast iron. The base plate is made of steel, cast iron or aluminum alloy.
Referring to fig. 3, zirconia ceramic balls 9 to be machined (rough machined or semi-finished) are placed in an annular raceway 10 (rolling cross-sectional shape is V-shaped or semicircular) opened on the lower disc 5 of the grinding mill. The upper disk of the grinder is pressed down and the grinder is started. And an aqueous coolant 11 is injected between the upper and lower plates. Referring to fig. 4, under the action of pressure and relative speed, the strong base reactant 2 on the contact area of the fixed abrasive tool and the zirconia ceramic ball is dissolved in the water-based coolant 11 and reacts with the zirconia material to produce a reaction product layer which is easy to remove, and the friction action between the abrasive 1 and the product layer is utilized to remove the product layer, so that the finish machining of the zirconia ceramic ball is realized. Referring to fig. 5, the process of rubbing off the zirconia ceramic balls 9 by the abrasive grains 1 after the alkaline solution 12 chemically reacts with the zirconia ceramic balls 9 to produce the product layer 13 is shown. The reactant is dispersed in the fixed grinding tool, and along with the grinding loss of the grinding tool, the reactant originally wrapped in the grinding tool is gradually exposed on the surface of the fixed grinding tool, so that the reactant on the surface of the fixed grinding tool can be continuously updated, and the continuous chemical reaction of the contact area of the fixed grinding tool and the zirconia ceramic ball is ensured. Because the hardness of the adopted abrasive is far lower than that of the zirconia ceramic ball, the processing method can not cause surface damage such as pits, scratches, microcracks and the like to the zirconia ceramic ball, thereby improving the processing quality of the zirconia ceramic ball. On the other hand, because the fixed abrasive tool is adopted to consolidate the soft abrasive, the quantity of the abrasive particles participating in the processing is increased, and the processing efficiency of the zirconia ceramic ball finish processing is improved.
The soft abrasive is one or two or more of the following mixture: cerium oxide, silicon oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide and titanium oxide. The mohs hardness of these abrasives is uniformly less than 7.
The curing agent is one of the following components: epoxy resin curing agent, unsaturated resin curing agent, thermoplastic phenolic resin, thermosetting phenolic resin, polyamide resin curing agent, phenolic aldehyde-acetal resin, phenolic aldehyde-epoxy resin, boron phenolic resin, organosilicon phenolic resin and the like.
The filler is one or two or more of the following components: sodium bicarbonate, starch filler, inorganic salt filler, saccharide filler and cellulose filler.
The reactant is one or two or more of the following mixtures: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide.
In this example, the zirconia ceramic balls were finely machined on a 3M7240L vertical steel ball grinding machine. The conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The soft abrasive fixed abrasive tool is made of two kinds of soft abrasives, namely cerium oxide and silicon oxide, and other manufacturing and processing parameters are the same. The two soft grinding materials are respectively used for fixing the grinding tool pair
The zirconia ceramic ball of (2) is processed. And water-based cooling liquid is adopted for cooling and lubricating in the processing process. Before the examples began, a pre-grinding time of 2-5 hours was required to ensure good contact between the ceramic balls in the grooves of the lower grinding disk and the soft fixed abrasive of the upper grinding disk.
TABLE 1
Table 2 shows the processing results of the zirconia ceramic balls in the examples. The results show that the removal rate of the zirconia ceramic ball material in the embodiment is stable, and compared with the traditional grinding process (under the same process condition, free diamond micro powder is adopted to finish the zirconia ceramic ball), the removal rate of the zirconia ceramic ball material is almost 2-3 times of that under the same condition. In the embodiment, the surface roughness of the zirconia ceramic ball is finely processed by adopting the cerium oxide soft abrasive fixed grinding tool and is 3-6nm, and the surface roughness of the zirconia ceramic ball is finely processed by adopting the silicon oxide soft abrasive fixed grinding tool and is 4-8nm, which are obviously superior to the surface roughness obtained by the traditional fine processing method. The method for grinding the soft grinding material fixed abrasive tool has good application prospect in the aspect of replacing the traditional zirconia ceramic ball finishing technology.
TABLE 2
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any modifications and variations made according to the present patent shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A grinding method of a zirconia ceramic ball fixation grinding tool based on chemical mechanical action is characterized in that: the grinding method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a fixed grinding tool: the soft abrasive fixed grinding tool is prepared from a soft abrasive, a curing agent, a filler and a reactant, wherein the hardness of the soft abrasive is lower than that of zirconia ceramic, and the soft abrasive fixed grinding tool comprises the following four components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of soft abrasive, 10-20% of curing agent, 5-10% of filler and 5-10% of reactant, and the soft abrasive, the curing agent, the filler and the reactant are mixed and stirred uniformly;
2) manufacturing a fixed grinding tool: hot-press forming the prepared ingredients in a mould, completing hot curing after demoulding, and finishing the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the mould to ensure the flatness and parallelism of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the grinding tool;
3) finish machining of the zirconia ceramic ball by the fixed grinding tool: mounting the soft grinding material fixing grinding tool on an upper disc of the grinding machine, wherein a cast iron grinding disc or the soft grinding material fixing grinding tool is adopted as a lower disc; placing the zirconia ceramic ball to be processed in the raceway of the lower disc, starting a grinder, and injecting water-based cooling liquid between the upper disc and the lower disc; the reactant exposed on the surface of the grinding tool is dissolved in water to generate a local alkaline environment, and the reactant and the zirconia ceramic ball in the contact area of the grinding disc are subjected to chemical reaction under the action of local high pressure and relative speed to generate a soft reaction product layer which is easy to remove, and the product layer is removed by utilizing the friction action between subsequent grinding materials and the product layer, so that the zirconia ceramic ball is finely processed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step 3), under the action of pressure and relative speed, the reactant on the surface of the grinding tool is dissolved in water to generate a local alkaline environment, the reactant on the contact area of the fixed grinding tool and the zirconia is chemically reacted with the zirconia material to generate a soft reaction product layer which is easy to remove, and the product layer is removed by utilizing the friction action between the subsequent grinding material and the product layer, so that the finish machining of the zirconia ceramic ball is realized.
3. The method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on the chemical mechanical action according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the reactant is dispersed in the fixed grinding tool, and along with the grinding loss of the grinding tool, the reactant originally wrapped in the grinding tool is gradually exposed on the surface of the fixed grinding tool, so that the reactant on the surface of the fixed grinding tool can be continuously updated, and the continuous chemical reaction of the contact area of the fixed grinding tool and the zirconia ceramic ball is ensured.
4. The method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on the chemical mechanical action according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the reactant is one or two or more of the following mixtures: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide.
5. The method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on the chemical mechanical action according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the soft abrasive is one or two or more of the following mixture: cerium oxide, silicon oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide and titanium oxide.
6. The method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on the chemical mechanical action according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the curing agent is one of the following components: epoxy resin curing agent, unsaturated resin curing agent, thermoplastic phenolic resin, thermosetting phenolic resin, polyamide resin curing agent, phenolic aldehyde-acetal resin, phenolic aldehyde-epoxy resin, boron phenolic resin and organosilicon phenolic resin.
7. The method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on the chemical mechanical action according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the filler is one or two or more of the following components: sodium bicarbonate, starch filler, inorganic salt filler, saccharide filler and cellulose filler.
8. The method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on the chemical mechanical action according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 2), the pressure is 300-600kg/cm in the hot press forming process2The hot pressing temperature is set at 100-200 ℃ according to different curing agents, and the hot pressing time is set at 45-360min according to different grinding tools.
9. The method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on the chemical mechanical action according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 2), in the heat curing process, the temperature of an oven is kept at 80-200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-48 hours; for abrasive tools with diameters less than
The soft grinding material is fixed on the grinding tool to manufacture an integral grinding tool; for diameters greater than
The soft grinding material fixed grinding tool is manufactured into a fan-shaped grinding tool block, and a circular grinding disc is assembled when the soft grinding material fixed grinding tool is used.
10. The method for grinding the zirconia ceramic ball-bonded abrasive tool based on the chemical mechanical action according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 2), the flatness and the parallelism are controlled within 0.1mm in the trimming process.
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