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CN112117400A - 动力电池包和车辆 - Google Patents

动力电池包和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112117400A
CN112117400A CN201910544995.0A CN201910544995A CN112117400A CN 112117400 A CN112117400 A CN 112117400A CN 201910544995 A CN201910544995 A CN 201910544995A CN 112117400 A CN112117400 A CN 112117400A
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power battery
battery pack
battery
plate
bottom plate
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王隆兴
王小龙
郑卫鑫
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910544995.0A priority Critical patent/CN112117400A/zh
Priority to JP2021574970A priority patent/JP7284836B2/ja
Priority to US17/613,893 priority patent/US20220238940A1/en
Priority to EP19934065.4A priority patent/EP3989307A4/en
Priority to KR1020217039539A priority patent/KR102673094B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2019/097435 priority patent/WO2020252846A1/zh
Publication of CN112117400A publication Critical patent/CN112117400A/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
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    • H01M50/218Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
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    • H01M50/242Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种动力电池包和车辆,所述动力电池包包括:托盘和上盖,所述托盘包括侧边框和底板,所述上盖、所述底板分别与所述侧边框的上下两端连接,以限定出电池容纳腔;多个单体电池,多个所述单体电池安装于所述电池容纳腔内,所述单体电池的一个表面与所述上盖之间通过结构胶粘结连接,所述单体电池的另一个相对的表面与所述底板之间通过导热结构胶粘结连接。本申请的动力电池包,在保证足够的结构强度下,省去了模组的框架结构,减少了电池包的零部件,提高了空间利用率,节省了工艺流程,提高了装配效率,降低了制造成本,最重要的是提高了整个动力电池包的容量。

Description

动力电池包和车辆
技术领域
本申请属于动力电池制造技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种动力电池包和具有该动力电池包的车辆。
背景技术
相关技术中,单体电池先组装成模组,单体电池通过模组框架形成固定,使得动力电池包安装空间利用率低,降低了单体电池的数量和动力电池包的整体容量,影响了续航能力。
发明内容
本申请针对上述问题,提出了一种动力电池包,包括:托盘和上盖,所述托盘包括侧边框和底板,所述上盖、所述底板分别与所述侧边框的上下两端连接,以限定出电池容纳腔;多个单体电池,多个所述单体电池安装于所述电池容纳腔内,所述单体电池的一个表面与所述上盖之间通过结构胶粘结连接,所述单体电池的另一个相对的表面与所述底板之间通过导热结构胶粘结连接。
本申请的动力电池包,在保证足够的结构强度下,减少了模组框架的使用,提高空间利用率,减少电池包的零部件,节省工艺流程,提高装配效率,降低制造成本。
本申请还提出了一种车辆,具有上述的动力电池包。
所述车辆与上述的动力电池包相对于现有技术所具有的优势相同,在此不再赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:
图1是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包的俯视图;
图2是图1中A-A处的断面图;
图3是图2中B处的局部放大图;
图4是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包的爆炸图;
图5是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包内的单体电池的排布结构示意图;
图6是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包内的单体电池排布在托盘的结构示意图;
图7是根据本申请实施例的车辆的结构示意图。
附图标记:
车辆1000,
动力电池包100,
托盘110,侧边框111,底板112,隔离腔113,
上盖120,单体电池150,导热结构胶160,结构胶161,端板180。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本申请,而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
如无特殊的说明,本申请中的前后方向为车辆1000的纵向,即X向;左右方向为车辆1000的横向,即Y向;上下方向为车辆1000的竖向,即Z向。
下面参考图1-图4描述根据本申请实施例的动力电池包100。
在一些实施例中,如图1-图4所示,电池包外壳包括:托盘110、上盖120、多个单体电池150。
如图2和图4所示,托盘110包括侧边框111和底板112,在实际的执行中,侧边框111为四方框,底板112与侧边框111的底面固定连接,底板112与侧边框111的底面可以通过焊接形成相互连接,作为整包的承重结构,同时确保整包密封性能,同时底板112还具有均热性能,方便动力电池包包体内部通过换热板与外界进行热交换。
上盖120、底板112分别与侧边框111的上下两端相连,以限定出电池容纳腔,多个单体电池150安装于电池容纳腔内。
上盖120与侧边框111的上端相连,上盖120与侧边框111可以通过螺纹连接件、黏胶中的至少一种相连。在实际的执行中侧边框111的上端与上盖120的下表面之间夹设有黏胶以实现密封和初步连接,螺纹连接件设于黏胶的外圈,以进一步加固托盘110与上盖120之间的连接。
单体电池150的一个表面与上盖120之间通过结构胶161粘结连接,单体电池150的另一个相对的表面与底板112之间通过导热结构胶160粘结连接。
本申请提出的动力电池包100,多个单体电池150直接安装在电池容纳腔内,无需先将单体电池组装成模组,减少了模组框架的使用,增大了动力电池包外壳内单体电池150的安装空间,电池容纳腔内安装的单体电池150数量增加,提高了动力电池包100的整体容量,提高了续航能力。
另外,现有技术中,由于需要先将单体电池组装成模组,而模组的形状不规则,无法在动力电池包外壳内紧密排列,而本申请的方案,直接将单体电池150固定安装在托盘110与上盖120限定出的容纳空间中,单体电池150可以在电池容纳腔内紧密地排列,进一步提高了电池容纳腔内单体电池150的安装空间,增加了整个动力电池包中单体电池150的数量。
另外,减少了模组框架的使用,减少了元件数量和组装工序,进一步降低了成本;而通过将单体电池150的一个表面与上盖120之间通过结构胶161粘结连接,将单体电池150的另一个相对的表面与底板112之间通过导热结构胶160粘结连接,不仅能够加强单体电池在电容纳腔中的固定,提高整个动力电池包的强度,同时,由于单体电池150的另一个相对的表面与底板112之间是通过导热结构胶粘结连接的,电池的热量还能够经由导热结构胶传递到底板,经由底板散出。
本申请提出的动力电池包100中,如图5所示,单体电池150为长方体结构的方形电池,并具有长度L、厚度D和介于长度和厚度之间的高度H,多个单体电池150沿单体电池的厚度方向排布;单体电池150具有两个相对的大面和两个相对的窄面,大面的长边为单体电池150的长度,短边为单体电池150的高度;窄面的长边为单体电池150的长度,短边为单体电池150的厚度,其中,相邻两个单体电池150通过大面对大面的方式在电池容纳腔中排布。如图6所示,沿单体电池150的厚度D方向的最外侧的两个单体电池150的外侧可以安装有端板180,单体电池150可以通过端板180与托盘111相连。
根据本申请的一个实施例,单体电池150的其中一个窄面与底板112之间通过导热结构胶160粘结,单体电池150的另一个窄面与上盖120之间通过结构胶161粘结。
在本申请中,所述上盖120和底板112均由金属材料制成,上盖120和底板112由金属材料制成。
金属材料的底板112和上盖120,一方面用于对内部的单体电池150形成防护,另一方面,电池容纳腔,可以起到散热的效果,底板112和上盖120可以采用热导率高的金属材质,包括但不限于铝、铜及其合金。
在实际的执行中,底板112和上盖120可以为铝合金材料制成,铝合金材料的导热性能好,且密度小。
由于单体电池150的一个表面与上盖120之间设有结构胶161,且单体电池150的另一个相对的下表面与底板112之间设有导热结构胶160,也就是说,单体电池150的上一个表面通过结构胶161粘接于上盖120,单体电池150的下另一个相对的表面通过导热结构胶160粘接于底板112,这样单体电池150的两个相对的表面上端和下端均被粘接于电池包外壳上,加强了单体电池150的固定,使得动力电池包100内的单体电池150固定稳固,提高了整个动力电池包的强度。
另一方面,单体电池150的其中一个表面通过导热结构胶160与底板粘结连接,导热结构胶160不仅可以防止单体电池150与托盘110导通,还能增大单体电池150与托盘11接触面积,并将电池的热量传递到底板,经由底板散出,起到很好的散热作用,
在实际的执行中,导热绝缘胶可以为导热硅胶,导热硅胶的绝缘性和热传导性能均较好,导热硅胶可以及时将单体电池150的热量传导至底板112。结构胶可以为可以为环氧树脂、聚氨酯、改性硅烷、丙烯酸、硅橡胶中的一种添加无机导热填料而成,如添加氧化铝。
如图2和图3所示,本申请的动力电池包100还可以包括:底护板、换热板。
底护板与侧边框111的下端相连,且底护板与底板112在竖直方向上间隔开,这样在底护板与底板112之间形成空腔,换热板夹设在底护板与底板112之间。
换热板可以具有用于流通换热介质的换热腔。在实际的执行中,换热板可以为空心板体,换热板内设有流道,流道用于流通换热介质,换热介质可以为水。
可以理解的是,底护板与底板112相当于是托盘110底面的夹层结构,这样换热板相对于电池容纳腔外置,在突发冷却液泄露情况下,能有效保证动力电池包100的电气安全。
比如,在一些实施例中,动力电池包100安装于车辆1000的底盘,当车辆1000行驶过程中,如果路面的凸起撞击动力电池包100,导致换热板破损,由于换热板与电池容纳腔之间还有底板112隔离,换热介质不会流到电池容纳腔内影响单体电池150。
另一方面,底护板可以在一定程度上保护换热板,防止换热板破损。
如图2所示,侧边框111可以设置成具有隔离腔113,换热板的端部伸入隔离腔113内,换热板可以包括多个换热流道,且在换热板的端部设有集流管,集流管设于隔离腔113,且集流管通过贯穿侧边框111接头与外部水路连通。
在本申请的一个实施例中,侧边框111可以为铝材质,且侧边框设置成具有有空腔结构,其中一个空腔的下端敞开,集流管可以从下方的敞开端安装于该空腔内,底护板与侧边框111的底部相连时密封该空腔从而形成隔离腔113。
可以理解的是,由于隔离腔113结构的存在,使得即使集流管处发生泄漏,也不会影响到内部的电路,且集流管相当于安装于侧边框111内,不影响整个动力电池包100的电池密度。
本申请的动力电池包100,通过将换热板设在底板112和底护板的夹层中,可以有效保证动力电池包100的电气安全,且底护板可以在一定程度上保护换热板,外置的换热板不占用电池容纳腔的空间,整个动力电池包100的电池密度更高。
在一些实施例中,换热板的表面与底板112的外表面通过导热结构胶160粘结。这样换热板与底板112之间的实际有效接触面积大,增加热量传导。
在本申请的一些实施例中,换热板具有吸能结构,换热板为一体化结构,内部设有流道,相邻的流道之间的隔离筋可以形成上述吸能结构,使得换热板130整体结构兼具吸能作用。
在一些实施例中,底护板包括:主板体和保温层,保温层设在主板体的靠近换热板的一侧。主板体可以为金属板,包括钢板等结构,主板体可以起到防撞的作用,保温层可以为保温棉等结构。这样,底护板具有优异的机械强度,同时可以减少包体与外界热交换。
在一些实施例中,底护板包括:主板体和缓冲层,缓冲层设在主板体的靠近换热板的一侧。主板体可以为金属板,包括钢板等结构,主板体可以起到防撞的作用,缓冲层用于吸收外部冲击力,缓冲层包括橡胶层等结构。这样,底护板具有优异的机械强度与抗机械冲击性。
本申请还公开了一种车辆1000。
如图7所示,本申请实施例的车辆1000,具有上述任一种实施例的动力电池包100。
本申请实施例的车辆1000可以为电动车辆1000,包括电动乘用车或电动客车等。
在一些实施例中,动力电池包100可以安装于车辆1000的底盘。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例,本领域的普通技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (14)

1.一种动力电池包(100),其特征在于,包括:
托盘(110)和上盖(120),所述托盘(110)包括侧边框(111)和底板(112),所述上盖(120)、所述底板(112)分别与所述侧边框(111)的上下两端连接,以限定出电池容纳腔;
多个单体电池(150),多个所述单体电池(150)安装于所述电池容纳腔内,所述单体电池(150)的一个表面与所述上盖(120)之间通过结构胶(161)粘结连接,所述单体电池(150)的另一个相对的表面与所述底板(112)之间通过导热结构胶(160)粘结连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述单体电池(150)为长方体结构的方形电池,并具有长度、厚度和介于所述长度和厚度之间的高度,多个所述单体电池(150)沿单体电池的厚度方向排布。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述单体电池(150)具有两个相对的大面和两个相对的窄面,大面的长边为单体电池(150)的长度,短边为单体电池(150)的高度;窄面的长边为单体电池(150)的长度,短边为单体电池(150)的厚度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,相邻两个所述单体电池(150)通过大面对大面的方式在电池容纳腔中排布。
5.根据权利要求3所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述单体电池(150)的其中一个窄面与所述上盖(120)之间通过结构胶(161)粘结连接;所述单体电池(150)的另一个窄面与所述底板(112)之间通过导热结构胶(160)粘结。
6.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述上盖(120)和底板(112)均由金属材料制成。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,还包括:
底护板,所述底护板与所述侧边框(111)的下端相连,且与所述底板(112)在竖直方向上间隔开;
换热板,所述换热板夹设在所述底护板与所述底板(112)之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述换热板的表面与所述底板(112)的外表面通过导热结构胶(160)粘结。
9.根据权利要求7所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述换热板具有换热腔,所述换热腔用于换热介质的流通。
10.根据权利要求7所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述换热板具有吸能结构。
11.根据权利要求7所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述底护板包括:主板体和保温层,所述保温层设在所述主板体的靠近所述换热板的一侧。
12.根据权利要求7所述的动力电池包(100),其特征在于,所述底护板包括:主板体和缓冲层,所述缓冲层设在所述主板体的靠近所述换热板的一侧。
13.一种车辆(1000),其特征在于,具有如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的动力电池包(100)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的车辆(1000),其特征在于,所述动力电池包(100)安装于所述车辆(1000)的底盘。
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