CN112091693A - Automatic angular alignment method for casing parts - Google Patents
Automatic angular alignment method for casing parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN112091693A CN112091693A CN202010968198.8A CN202010968198A CN112091693A CN 112091693 A CN112091693 A CN 112091693A CN 202010968198 A CN202010968198 A CN 202010968198A CN 112091693 A CN112091693 A CN 112091693A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/18—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for positioning only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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Abstract
The invention discloses an angular automatic alignment method of a cartridge receiver type part, which comprises the steps of reading a C-axis mechanical coordinate value of a current point of a machine tool and assigning the C-axis mechanical coordinate value to a corresponding workpiece coordinate system, and presetting a workpiece coordinate system C0; the measuring head runs into the angular hole, firstly, the positive direction of the C axis is measured in the process that the turntable rotates C-R2, the machine tool automatically reads the mechanical coordinate of the C axis of a measuring point and assigns the mechanical coordinate to a user-defined variable R3; and then, measuring the C-axis negative direction in the process of rotating the turntable by-R2, reading the C-axis mechanical coordinate of a measuring point, assigning the C-axis mechanical coordinate to a user-defined variable R4, automatically calculating the C-axis mechanical coordinate value of the center of the angular hole to be R5 by the machine tool, and finally assigning R5 to a corresponding machine tool coordinate system to finish the automatic angular alignment. The invention has high alignment precision, avoids the condition of error in manual alignment, shortens the alignment time and improves the alignment efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the field of numerical control automatic machining, and particularly relates to an angular automatic alignment method for a casing part.
Background
An aircraft engine casing is shown in figure 1, before machining, the center of an angular hole needs to be aligned to serve as an angular zero point (the center line of the angular hole is overlapped with the Y axis of a machine tool), and the alignment precision of the angular hole directly influences the machining precision of parts. The traditional alignment method is that a lever dial indicator is firstly arranged on an alignment rod, then the alignment rod is arranged on a main shaft of a numerical control machining center through drill clamping, the main shaft is moved to the X0 point coordinate of a machine tool, an operator manually rotates the main shaft, the measuring head of the lever dial indicator can touch the angular hole wall of the part, and the hand wheel of the machine tool is operated to finely adjust the position of the rotating disc (C axis) of the machine tool continuously, so that the change of the pressure gauge value of the lever indicator is within 0.01 mm, then reading the mechanical coordinate value of the C axis on the machine tool, calculating the zero point coordinate of the C axis of the angular hole according to the drawing of the part, finally inputting the mechanical coordinate value of the C axis into the coordinate system of the machine tool, the whole process of the method is finished by an operator, the alignment efficiency and the alignment precision depend on the skill level of the operator seriously, meanwhile, an operator is easy to make mistakes when reading, calculating and inputting coordinate data, and the processing quality and the production efficiency of parts are influenced.
Chinese patent publication No. CN110281080A, published as 2019, 09 and 27, discloses an automatic groove angle alignment method, by moving the numerically-controlled machine tool measuring head to the center direction of the part to be processed until the numerically-controlled machine tool measuring head contacts the surface of the part to be processed, recording the coordinate value of the contact point on the surface of the part, judging whether the distance from the coordinate value of the contact point on the surface of the part to the circle center of the part to be processed is smaller than the radius value of the groove, roughly finding the position in the groove by regulating the coordinate value of the contact point between the measuring head and the part to be processed for multiple times, then moving the measuring head to the two side surfaces of the groove respectively to contact the two side surfaces of the groove at the position of the rough groove coordinate value, recording the position coordinates of the contact points in the groove where the measuring head is respectively connected with the two side surfaces of the groove, and calculating the coordinate of the middle point of the groove according to the coordinates of the two contact points, correcting the measuring head and the part to be processed by calculating the azimuth included angle of the middle point coordinate to the orthogonal axis of the zero point through an arc tangent function, and manually compensating the corrected value into a coordinate system. The alignment method has a complex process, an operator needs to repeatedly measure, calculate and correct the correction angle, the alignment efficiency of the method is not high, the alignment angular error range is less than 0.05mm, and the processing requirements of parts such as a case can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the existing alignment method, the invention aims to provide the automatic angular alignment method for the casing parts, which has high alignment precision, avoids the condition of errors in manual alignment, shortens the alignment time and improves the alignment efficiency.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an angular automatic alignment method for casing parts comprises the following steps:
step 3, firstly, installing the machine tool infrared measuring head on a machine tool main shaft, operating the machine tool main shaft to an X0 coordinate position (a Y-axis positive direction R1/2 position) of R1/2, then moving the machine tool measuring head to a position 20mm away from the end face of the part installation edge in the Z-axis negative direction, and then rotating the turntable to enable the center line of the angular hole to approximately coincide with the Y axis;
step 4, determining a corresponding measuring scheme according to the type of the angular hole of the part, developing an automatic measuring program by combining machine tool system parameters and a numerical control system high-level language, starting an alignment program, measuring the positive and negative directions of the C axis of the angular hole of the part through an infrared measuring head of a numerical control machining center, automatically transmitting the obtained measuring data to the set machine tool parameters through variable assignment for storage, and completing automatic alignment of the angular hole;
the measurement process of step 4 comprises:
step 41, reading a C-axis mechanical coordinate value of a current point and assigning the C-axis mechanical coordinate value to a corresponding workpiece coordinate system, and presetting a workpiece coordinate system C0;
step 42, the measuring head runs into the angular hole, firstly, the positive direction of the C axis is measured in the process that the turntable rotates C-R2, the machine tool automatically reads the mechanical coordinate of the C axis of a measuring point and assigns the mechanical coordinate to a user-defined variable R3;
step 43, then, measuring the negative direction of the C axis in the process that the turntable rotates to-R2, reading the mechanical coordinate of the C axis of a measuring point, assigning the mechanical coordinate to a user-defined variable R4, automatically calculating the mechanical coordinate value of the C axis of the angular hole center to be R5 to be (R3+ R4)/2 by the machine tool, and finally assigning R5 to a corresponding machine tool coordinate system to finish automatic angular alignment;
wherein R2 is a self-defined variable of the angle of the rotating turntable when the angular hole is measured; r3 is a mechanical coordinate of the angular hole measuring positive direction of the C axis; r4 is an angular hole for measuring the mechanical coordinate of the C-axis negative direction; r5 is the mechanical coordinate value toward the center of the hole.
The diameter of the machine tool infrared measuring head is smaller than the aperture of the angular hole, and preferably, the diameter of the machine tool infrared measuring head is 4 mm.
Furthermore, the measuring program in the step 4 also comprises a mistake-proofing measure during measurement, when the measuring head is contacted with the hole wall when entering the hole or the measurement of the C shaft is unsuccessful, the machine tool stops running the subsequent measuring program, error information is prompted on a machine tool panel, the situations of measurement errors and the like can be effectively prevented, and an operator only needs to run the measuring program again.
Further, the alignment method of the present invention can be applied to the case where the alignment angular precision is 0.003mm or less.
Taking siemens 840D system as an example, when the automatic alignment angle program is developed in step 4, the programming process includes the following machine tool system parameters and custom variables:
the system variables for the C-axis of the G54 machine coordinate system are $ P _ UIFR [1, C, TR ];
reading a mechanical coordinate value system variable of a current point C axis to be $ AA _ IM [ C ];
reading a mechanical coordinate value system variable of a C-axis measuring point to be $ AA _ MM [ C ];
the variable R1 is defined by the reference circle diameter of the angular hole;
rotating the turntable angle user-defined variable R2 when measuring the angular hole;
the mechanical coordinate of the positive direction of the C axis measured by the reading angle hole is R3;
the mechanical coordinate of the C-axis negative direction measured by the reading angle hole is R4;
calculating the mechanical coordinate value of the center of the angular hole as R5;
and the variables R3, R4 and R5 satisfy the following relations:
$P_UIFR[1,C,TR]=$AA_IM[C];
R3=$AA_MM[C];
R4=$AA_MM[C];
R5=(R3+R4)/2;
$P_UIFR[1,C,TR]=R5。
compared with the existing alignment method, the angular automatic alignment method for the casing parts, provided by the invention, has the following advantages:
(1) the automatic alignment angular program is developed by combining machine tool system parameters and a numerical control system high-level language, so that the automatic alignment of the angular hole by the measuring head is realized, and the operation error opportunity of workers is avoided;
(2) the invention has wide application range, can also finish the rapid alignment of the angle directions of the groove, the pin and the space hole, and the program only needs to be correspondingly modified;
(3) the alignment efficiency is extremely high, the alignment time is shortened to 20 seconds from at least 5 minutes required by the traditional alignment method, and the production cost is reduced;
(4) the invention has high alignment precision and good consistency, the precision can be controlled within 0.003mm, the foundation is laid for realizing the full-automatic processing of the parts such as the cartridge receiver, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the invention has higher economic and practical values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a part of a casing with an angled bore according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the automatic alignment method of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an angular hole; 2. a probe.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
An angular automatic alignment method for casing parts comprises the following steps:
step 3, firstly, installing the machine tool infrared measuring head on a machine tool main shaft, operating the machine tool main shaft to a position X0/2 (a position R1/2 in the positive direction of the Y axis) R1/2, then moving the machine tool measuring head to a position 20mm away from the end face of the part installation edge in the negative direction of the Z axis, and then rotating the turntable to enable the center of the angular hole to approximately coincide with the Y axis;
and 4, determining a corresponding measurement scheme according to the type of the angular hole of the part, compiling an automatic measurement program by combining machine tool system variables and a numerical control system high-level language, starting an alignment program, measuring the angular hole of the part by an infrared measuring head of a numerical control machining center, automatically transmitting the obtained measurement data to set machine tool parameters for storage, and completing automatic alignment of the angular hole.
The type of the numerical control machining center used in the present embodiment is specifically a DMC-160FD machine tool of the siemens 840D system, and of course, other numerical control machining centers with a measuring head function may be adopted, and the measurement principle is the same.
Specifically, in the measurement scheme in the step 4, the C-axis mechanical coordinate value of the current point is read and assigned to a corresponding workpiece coordinate system, and a workpiece coordinate system C0 is preset; the measuring head runs into the angular hole, the positive direction of the C axis is measured in the process that the turntable rotates C-R2, the machine tool automatically reads the mechanical coordinate of the C axis of a measuring point and assigns the mechanical coordinate to a user-defined variable R3; and then, measuring the C-axis negative direction in the process of rotating the turntable by-R2, reading the C-axis mechanical coordinate of a measuring point, assigning the C-axis mechanical coordinate to a user-defined variable R4, automatically calculating the C-axis mechanical coordinate value of the center of the angular hole to be R5 by the machine tool, and finally assigning R5 to a corresponding machine tool coordinate system to finish the automatic angular alignment.
The following is an angular automatic alignment macro program (enumerated here is casing end face angular hole alignment) developed in combination with machine tool system parameters and numerical control system high-level language:
NAME _ jiaoxiang.mpf; name of program
T59; the gauge head cutter number;
m6; a tool changing instruction of the machine tool;
d1; reading the current tool compensation;
g54; a G54 coordinate system;
p _ UIFR [1, C, TR ] $ AA _ IM [ C ]; the machine tool reads the mechanical coordinate value of the current point C axis, assigns the mechanical coordinate value to the C axis of a G54 coordinate system, and presets C0 for the part;
STOPRE; stopping the pre-reading function;
r1 ═ 500; assigning an angular hole pitch circle diameter to R1;
r2 ═ 3; a variable R2 is assigned a value;
G0X 0Y ═ R1/2Z 300C 0; the measuring head moves above the angular hole;
m27; activating the measuring head;
z10; the probe is positioned to Z10
G1 Z-3F500 MEAS=1
IF$AC_MEAS[1]==1
LOOP MSG(“COLLISION”)
ENDLOOP; measurement error measures caused by contact of the measuring head and the hole wall when the measuring head enters the angular hole are prevented;
G01C ═ R2F 100 MEAS ═ 1; measuring positive direction of C-axis
IF $ AC _ MEAS [1] ═ 0 gottof ERR; if the measurement is faulty, the program jumps to ERR program line R3 ═ AA _ MM [ C ]; reading the mechanical coordinate value of the C axis of the measuring point and endowing the mechanical coordinate value to a variable R3 STOPRE; stopping the pre-reading function;
G01C 0F 500; the stylus returns to the C0 coordinate;
G01C ═ -R2F 100 MEAS ═ 1; measuring the negative direction of the C axis;
IF $ AC _ MEAS [1] ═ 0 gottof ERR; if the measurement is in error, the program jumps to the ERR program line;
r4 ═ AA _ MM [ C ]; reading the mechanical coordinate value of the C axis of the measuring point and giving the mechanical coordinate value to the variable R4;
STOPRE; stopping the pre-reading function;
G01C 0F 500; the measuring head returns to the coordinate of C0;
G00Z 300; the measuring head returns to the safe height;
r5 ═ (R3+ R4)/2; calculating angular hole center coordinates and assigning to variable R5;
p _ UIFR [1, C, TR ] ═ R5; assigning the value in the variable R5 to the C axis of the G54 coordinate system to complete angular alignment;
m28; closing the measuring head;
m30; ending the program;
ERR: (ii) a A label;
MSG ("CE LIANG CHU CUO"); prompting error information;
SETAL (66000); alarming by the machine tool;
m00; the machine tool is paused.
The above is one of the embodiments of the present invention, and a person skilled in the art can make various changes on the basis of the above embodiments to achieve the object of the present invention, but such changes should obviously be within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An angular automatic alignment method for a casing part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, fixing a part on a turntable of a numerical control machining center, wherein the rotation center of the part is superposed with the center of the turntable;
step 2, marking the angular holes on the parts and cleaning the angular holes;
step 3, firstly, installing the machine tool infrared measuring head on a machine tool main shaft, operating the machine tool main shaft to the position of X0 and Y-R1/2 coordinates, then moving the infrared measuring head to the position near the end surface of the part installation edge in the Z-axis negative direction, and then rotating the turntable to enable the center line of the angular hole to be approximately superposed with the Y-axis;
step 4, an alignment program is compiled, then the program is operated, the C-axis positive and negative directions of the angular hole of the part are measured through an infrared measuring head of a numerical control machining center, the obtained measurement data are automatically transmitted to set machine tool parameters through variable assignment to be stored, the automatic alignment of the angular hole is completed, and the measurement process comprises the following steps:
step 41, reading a C-axis mechanical coordinate value of a current point and assigning the C-axis mechanical coordinate value to a corresponding workpiece coordinate system, and presetting a workpiece coordinate system C0;
step 42, the measuring head runs into the angular hole, firstly, the positive direction of the C axis is measured in the process that the turntable rotates C-R2, the machine tool automatically reads the mechanical coordinate of the C axis of a measuring point and assigns the mechanical coordinate to a user-defined variable R3;
step 43, then, measuring the negative direction of the C axis in the process that the turntable rotates to-R2, reading the mechanical coordinate of the C axis of a measuring point, assigning the mechanical coordinate to a user-defined variable R4, automatically calculating the mechanical coordinate value of the C axis of the angular hole center to be R5 to be (R3+ R4)/2 by the machine tool, and finally assigning R5 to a corresponding machine tool coordinate system to finish automatic angular alignment;
wherein R2 is a self-defined variable of the angle of the rotating turntable when the angular hole is measured; r3 is a mechanical coordinate of the angular hole measuring positive direction of the C axis; r4 is an angular hole for measuring the mechanical coordinate of the C-axis negative direction; r5 is the mechanical coordinate value toward the center of the hole.
2. The method for automatically aligning the angular orientation of a casing part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the infrared measuring head of the machine tool is smaller than the aperture of the angular hole.
3. The method for automatically aligning the angular orientation of a casing part as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the diameter of the infrared measuring head of the machine tool is 4 mm.
4. The method for automatically aligning the angular orientation of a casing part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 4, judging the measurement error after the infrared measuring head of the machine tool enters the angular hole, and stopping the measurement program when the measuring head contacts the hole wall or fails to measure the C axis when the measuring head enters the angular hole.
5. The method for automatically aligning the angular orientation of a casing part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the alignment precision of the angular hole is less than or equal to 0.003 mm.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114137909A (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2022-03-04 | 哈尔滨东安汽车动力股份有限公司 | Programming method for conducting hole reference alignment by measuring head for Fanuc system |
CN118456116A (en) * | 2024-07-15 | 2024-08-09 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | Online alignment method for dovetail type tongue-groove angle direction of turbine disk |
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CN118456116A (en) * | 2024-07-15 | 2024-08-09 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | Online alignment method for dovetail type tongue-groove angle direction of turbine disk |
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