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CN112075913A - 一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头 - Google Patents

一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头 Download PDF

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CN112075913A
CN112075913A CN202011052087.9A CN202011052087A CN112075913A CN 112075913 A CN112075913 A CN 112075913A CN 202011052087 A CN202011052087 A CN 202011052087A CN 112075913 A CN112075913 A CN 112075913A
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optical fiber
probe
raman spectrum
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毛华
黄富荣
韦仲
黎远鹏
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Southern Medical University Zhujiang Hospital
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Abstract

一种涉及医用内窥镜技术领域的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,包含蛇骨管,还包含套管、拉曼光谱数据收集组件和操作组件;所述蛇骨管的一端设有与蛇骨管对应同轴的套管,所述套管内中心位置设有拉曼光谱数据收集组件,套管内对应拉曼光谱数据收集组件的外侧设有环形分布的操作组件;所述拉曼光谱数据收集组件包含激发光纤、收集光纤和内衬隔套,所述内衬隔套的中心位置设有激发光纤,所述内衬隔套内对应激发光纤的外侧设有多条收集光纤,且多条收集光纤按六边形结构排列,所述内衬隔套内设有能够覆盖收集光纤端面的高通滤光片;本发明有效解决了现有拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头容易产生信号干扰,使用不便的问题。

Description

一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头
技术领域
本发明涉及医用内窥镜技术领域,尤其是涉及一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头。
背景技术
公知的,胃癌是高死亡率病症,现阶段的胃癌防治任务十分艰巨,而早期诊断对胃癌的早期治疗至关重要;长期以来,电子胃镜作为胃癌一种主要的检查手段应用于临床,但是电子胃镜检查是基于对胃组织粘膜层病变的形态特征而做出的,无法识别病变表面微细结构,难以判断其性质,对于可疑的胃癌患者,大多数情况需多次取组织活检加以证实,组织活检时的主观性很大,往往因随机定位不准而导致误诊,而且内镜下组织活检取材数量少,范围局限,深度不够,对于胃组织微小病变和粘膜较深层病变更容易漏诊,且活检为有创性检查,存在一定的风险,操作对于病人来说存在较大的痛苦性,患者依从性差,目前胃癌的诊断主要是以胃癌组织切片的细胞学鉴定为依据,此操作过程繁琐,不能实时报告诊断结果,容易延误治疗,且常受人为因素的影响,不适合大样本高危人群的普查;而拉曼光谱作为表征分子振动能级的指纹光谱,能在分子水平上反映出物质分子组成、结构和含量等信息,利用拉曼光谱在细胞和分子水平上诊断疾病是拉曼光谱技术在医学诊断方面应用研究的热门课题,拉曼光谱用于胃癌的诊断研究已经有十余年,研究手段包括傅里叶变换拉曼光谱、显微拉曼光谱和光纤拉曼光谱等,既往研究的结果均从不同角度证实了拉曼光谱能够鉴别胃癌,为将拉曼光谱技术推向临床应用奠定了基础;目前国内在体拉曼光谱的研究仍在动物模型上进行或进行体外模拟,科学家们在胃癌动物模型上模拟外科手术,并在体探测腹膜正常组织和肿瘤组织的拉曼光谱,采用支持向量机(SVM)算法进行区分,灵敏度、特异度和诊断准确度分别为95.73%、70.73%和90.73%;是在体外模拟临床原位检测,利用光纤和纤维拉曼光谱从不同尺度范围对胃癌组织和正常组织进行鉴别诊断研究,均获得了良好的诊断效能;但目前光纤拉曼内窥探头采用一根光纤同时作为激发光纤和收集光纤,这样激发信号和收集信号会有一定得相互干扰,给后期数据处理带来一定难度,此种现象是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题;
中国专利(公告号:CN209460144U)公开了一种光纤内窥拉曼光谱用探头,该专利在激发光纤外侧环设多层收集光纤虽然避免了激发信号和收集信号相互干扰,但该专利无法对待测组织进行在体原位活检。
发明内容
为了克服背景技术中的不足,本发明公开了一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,包含蛇骨管,还包含套管、拉曼光谱数据收集组件和操作组件;所述蛇骨管的一端设有与蛇骨管对应同轴的套管,所述套管内中心位置设有拉曼光谱数据收集组件,套管内对应拉曼光谱数据收集组件的外侧设有环形分布的操作组件;所述拉曼光谱数据收集组件包含激发光纤、收集光纤和内衬隔套,所述内衬隔套的中心位置设有激发光纤,所述内衬隔套内对应激发光纤的外侧设有多条收集光纤,且多条收集光纤按六边形结构排列,所述内衬隔套内设有能够覆盖收集光纤端面的高通滤光片,该高通滤光片对应激发光纤的位置设有通孔,该通孔内设有能够覆盖激发光纤端面的带通滤光片,所述内衬隔套的端部设有透镜,且该透镜位于套管端面的内侧;所述操作组件包含摄像头、照明装置和操作通道,所述套管内壁与内衬隔套外壁之间环形空间通过间隔设置的隔断板分割为至少六个扇环空腔,其中套管端面顶部的扇环空腔内设有摄像头,套管端面底部的扇环空腔为操作通道,套管端面两侧的扇环空腔内设有照明装置。
优选的,所述拉曼光谱数据收集组件收集到的数据的统计分析方法为联合主成分分析法-Principal Component Analysis和线性判别分析法-Linear DiscriminantAnalysis的方法,将主成分分析法的得分作为输入数据进行线性判别,能够简化线性判别分析法的原始数据量,提高数据处理速度。
优选的,所述透镜为轴棱锥透镜或球透镜。
优选的,所述激发光纤的芯径为272μm,所述收集光纤的芯径为300μm。
优选的,所述高通滤光片的通光范围为300~2000cm-1,阻带OD值大于6,所述带通滤光片的通带宽度为5nm,通带通光效率大于90%,阻带范围722~797nm。
优选的,所述收集光纤位于内衬隔套内的一端为倾斜面,其倾斜角度为5~20°。
优选的,所述照明装置为光纤照明,包含光导纤维和凹透镜,所述光导纤维为多条,整齐排列于相应的扇环空腔内,对应光导纤维的端部设有用于扩大照射范围的凹透镜。
优选的,所述蛇骨管的折弯角度范围为0~70°。
优选的,所述激发光纤的的激发光源为785nm半导体激光发射器。
优选的,所述激发光纤的和收集光纤均为低羟基浓度的光纤。
由于采用如上所述的技术方案,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明公开的一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,结构简单,使用方便,所述透镜为轴棱锥透镜或球透镜,当透镜为轴棱锥透镜时,入射光经过轴棱锥透镜能够产生空心光束,且空心光束的尺寸可以通过改变透镜焦距f进行控制,能够获得不同尺寸的空心光束,一方面能够重复的精确控制Lens-Tissue(透镜-组织)距离,更适用于临床,另一方面能够带来更大的组织测量深度动态范围;当透镜为球透镜时,球透镜能够起到聚焦光线的作用,能够在一定程度上提高采集效率;此外,所述激发光纤的和收集光纤均为低羟基浓度的光纤,在785~1200nm激发光波长范围内,低羟基浓度的光纤在传递拉曼信号过程中,信号衰减更小,同时也可以减少光纤自身的拉曼散射和荧光效应;
此外,所述激发光纤的和收集光纤均为低羟基浓度的光纤,在785~1200nm激发光波长范围内,低羟基浓度的光纤在传递拉曼信号过程中,信号衰减更小,同时也可以减少光纤自身的拉曼散射和荧光效应;所述照明装置为光纤照明,包含光导纤维和凹透镜,所述光导纤维为多条,整齐排列于相应的扇环空腔内,对应光导纤维的端部设有用于扩大照射范围的凹透镜,即能够在光导纤维远离凹透镜的一端设置冷光源,一方面能够避免在照射端产生较大热量,另一方面能够有效缩减照明装置照射端的体积。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为拉曼光谱数据收集组件的结构示意图;
图3收集光纤的排列结构示意图;
图4为轴棱锥透镜的光路示意图。
图中:1、蛇骨管;2、套管;3、拉曼光谱数据收集组件;3-1、激发光纤;3-2、收集光纤;3-3、内衬隔套;3-4、高通滤光片;3-5、带通滤光片;3-6、透镜;4、操作组件;4-1、摄像头;4-2、照明装置;4-3、操作通道;5、隔断板。
具体实施方式
通过下面的实施例可以详细的解释本发明,公开本发明的目的旨在保护本发明范围内的一切技术改进。
结合附图1~4,一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,包含蛇骨管1,还包含套管2、拉曼光谱数据收集组件3和操作组件4;所述蛇骨管1的一端设有与蛇骨管1对应同轴的套管2,所述套管2内中心位置设有拉曼光谱数据收集组件3,套管2内对应拉曼光谱数据收集组件3的外侧设有环形分布的操作组件4;根据需要,所述蛇骨管1的折弯角度范围为0~70°,即能够通过操作手柄控制蛇骨管1偏转;
所述拉曼光谱数据收集组件3包含激发光纤3-1、收集光纤3-2和内衬隔套3-3,所述内衬隔套3-3的中心位置设有激发光纤3-1;根据需要,所述激发光纤的3-1的激发光源为785nm半导体激光发射器,785nm近红外激发光能够解决两个问题,一是激光在组织中传播的问题,在激光与生物组织的相互作用过程中,水分子、蛋白质和色素大分子是主要的吸收体,它们在该波段范围内吸收都不强烈,有利于激光在生物组织中的传播;二是可以避免在360~680nm范围内蛋白质、嘌呤、核酸、卟啉等强荧光物质产生的荧光,因为生物组织中蛋白质、核酸、类胡萝卜素、脂类等物质的拉曼频移光谱范围为600~1800cm-1,对于785nm激发光,该拉曼位移对应的光谱范围是824~914nm,因此可以避免在360~680nm范围内的荧光光谱生成,同时当入射激光波长在780~2526nm范围内时,肿瘤组织的成分中电子从基态跃迁较少,产生的自体荧光现象较弱,因而荧光干扰也较低,另外,相对能量较弱的光子不易使肿瘤组织吸收热量过多而产热分解;
所述内衬隔套3-3内对应激发光纤3-1的外侧设有多条收集光纤3-2,且多条收集光纤3-2按六边形结构排列,采用六边形结构的排列能够使信号作用的有效范围最大化,所述内衬隔套3-3内设有能够覆盖收集光纤3-2端面的高通滤光片3-4,该高通滤光片3-4对应激发光纤3-1的位置设有通孔,该通孔内设有能够覆盖激发光纤3-1端面的带通滤光片3-5;根据需要,所述激发光纤3-1的芯径为272μm,所述收集光纤3-2的芯径为300μm,所述高通滤光片3-4的通光范围为300~2000cm-1,阻带OD值大于6,所述带通滤光片3-5的通带宽度为5nm,通带通光效率大于90%,阻带范围722~797nm,所述高通滤光片3-4能够有效阻止背景荧光和瑞利光的进入收集光纤3-2,所述带通滤光片3-5能够有效减小入射光纤产生的拉曼背景;所述收集光纤3-2位于内衬隔套3-3内的一端为倾斜面,其倾斜角度为5~20°,倾斜面的收集光纤3-2能够有效提高接收效率;所述内衬隔套3-3的端部设有透镜3-6,且该透镜3-6位于套管2端面的内侧;根据需要,所述透镜3-6为轴棱锥透镜或球透镜,当透镜3-6为轴棱锥透镜时,入射光经过轴棱锥透镜能够产生空心光束,且空心光束的尺寸可以通过改变透镜焦距f进行控制,能够获得不同尺寸的空心光束,一方面能够重复的精确控制Lens-Tissue(透镜-组织)距离,更适用于临床,另一方面能够带来更大的组织测量深度动态范围;当透镜3-6为球透镜时,球透镜能够起到聚焦光线的作用,能够在一定程度上提高采集效率;此外,所述激发光纤的3-1和收集光纤3-2均为低羟基浓度的光纤,在785~1200nm激发光波长范围内,低羟基浓度的光纤在传递拉曼信号过程中,信号衰减更小,同时也可以减少光纤自身的拉曼散射和荧光效应;所述拉曼光谱数据收集组件3收集到的数据的统计分析方法为联合主成分分析法-Principal Component Analysis和线性判别分析法-LinearDiscriminant Analysis的方法,将主成分分析法的得分作为输入数据进行线性判别,能够简化线性判别分析法的原始数据量,提高数据处理速度;主成分分析法(PrincipalComponent Analysis,PCA):是将光谱数据进行降维,将原变量进行转换,获得少数几个新的变量作为主成分,是原始变量线性组合的结果,而每个主成分之间互是没有相关性的,使用这些主成分来表征原始数据的特征,以排除众多化学图谱相互重叠的信息;线性判别分析法(Linear Discriminant Analysis, LDA)是根据已知标准条件建立模型,对研究对象进行分类的统计学方法,在一组样品中,利用多对象的特征对单对象进行判别,多次重复该过程保证每个对象均被判别过,联合主成分分析法-Principal Component Analysis和线性判别分析法-Linear Discriminant Analysis的方法,将主成分分析法的得分作为输入数据进行线性判别,这样就可以简化线性判别分析法的原始数据量,提高数据处理速度,判别的准确性可以得到明显的提高;
所述操作组件4包含摄像头4-1、照明装置4-2和操作通道4-3,所述套管2内壁与内衬隔套3-3外壁之间环形空间通过间隔设置的隔断板5分割为至少六个扇环空腔,其中套管2端面顶部的扇环空腔内设有摄像头4-1,套管2端面底部的扇环空腔为操作通道4-3,套管2端面两侧的扇环空腔内设有照明装置4-2;根据需要,所述照明装置4-2为光纤照明,包含光导纤维和凹透镜,所述光导纤维为多条,整齐排列于相应的扇环空腔内,对应光导纤维的端部设有用于扩大照射范围的凹透镜,即能够在光导纤维远离凹透镜的一端设置冷光源,一方面能够避免在照射端产生较大热量,另一方面能够有效缩减照明装置4-2照射端的体积。
实施本发明所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,使用时在激发光纤3-1的入射端接通785nm半导体激光发射器,在收集光纤3-2的数据采集端接通拉曼光谱仪,在置入本发明所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头时,能够开启摄像头4-1并在照明装置4-2的照明下确定检测位置,操作过程中能够通过操作手柄控制蛇骨管1在0~70°范围内偏转;当需要拉曼光谱检测时,能够通过操作通道4-3注入活检钳,在活检钳的辅助下使待测组织在体原位进行拉曼光谱检测。
本发明未详述部分为现有技术。

Claims (10)

1.一种拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,包含蛇骨管(1),其特征是:还包含套管(2)、拉曼光谱数据收集组件(3)和操作组件(4);所述蛇骨管(1)的一端设有与蛇骨管(1)对应同轴的套管(2),所述套管(2)内中心位置设有拉曼光谱数据收集组件(3),套管(2)内对应拉曼光谱数据收集组件(3)的外侧设有环形分布的操作组件(4);所述拉曼光谱数据收集组件(3)包含激发光纤(3-1)、收集光纤(3-2)和内衬隔套(3-3),所述内衬隔套(3-3)的中心位置设有激发光纤(3-1),所述内衬隔套(3-3)内对应激发光纤(3-1)的外侧设有多条收集光纤(3-2),且多条收集光纤(3-2)按六边形结构排列,所述内衬隔套(3-3)内设有能够覆盖收集光纤(3-2)端面的高通滤光片(3-4),该高通滤光片(3-4)对应激发光纤(3-1)的位置设有通孔,该通孔内设有能够覆盖激发光纤(3-1)端面的带通滤光片(3-5),所述内衬隔套(3-3)的端部设有透镜(3-6),且该透镜(3-6)位于套管(2)端面的内侧;所述操作组件(4)包含摄像头(4-1)、照明装置(4-2)和操作通道(4-3),所述套管(2)内壁与内衬隔套(3-3)外壁之间环形空间通过间隔设置的隔断板(5)分割为至少六个扇环空腔,其中套管(2)端面顶部的扇环空腔内设有摄像头(4-1),套管(2)端面底部的扇环空腔为操作通道(4-3),套管(2)端面两侧的扇环空腔内设有照明装置(4-2)。
2.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述拉曼光谱数据收集组件(3)收集到的数据的统计分析方法为联合主成分分析法-Principal Component Analysis和线性判别分析法-Linear Discriminant Analysis的方法,将主成分分析法的得分作为输入数据进行线性判别,能够简化线性判别分析法的原始数据量,提高数据处理速度。
3.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述透镜(3-6)为轴棱锥透镜或球透镜。
4.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述激发光纤(3-1)的芯径为272μm,所述收集光纤(3-2)的芯径为300μm。
5.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述高通滤光片(3-4)的通光范围为300~2000cm-1,阻带OD值大于6,所述带通滤光片(3-5)的通带宽度为5nm,通带通光效率大于90%,阻带范围722~797nm。
6.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述收集光纤(3-2)位于内衬隔套(3-3)内的一端为倾斜面,其倾斜角度为5~20°。
7.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述照明装置(4-2)为光纤照明,包含光导纤维和凹透镜,所述光导纤维为多条,整齐排列于相应的扇环空腔内,对应光导纤维的端部设有用于扩大照射范围的凹透镜。
8.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述蛇骨管(1)的折弯角度范围为0~70°。
9.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述激发光纤的(3-1)的激发光源为785nm半导体激光发射器。
10.如权利要求1所述的拉曼光谱内窥镜用探头,其特征是:所述激发光纤的(3-1)和收集光纤(3-2)均为低羟基浓度的光纤。
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