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CN112063004A - 一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层及发泡方法 - Google Patents

一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层及发泡方法 Download PDF

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CN112063004A
CN112063004A CN202010969928.6A CN202010969928A CN112063004A CN 112063004 A CN112063004 A CN 112063004A CN 202010969928 A CN202010969928 A CN 202010969928A CN 112063004 A CN112063004 A CN 112063004A
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江峰
刘鹏
吴园
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Changhong Meiling Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层，涉及聚氨酯发泡技术领域。本发明按质量份数包括：白料100份；发泡剂25‑35份；发泡助剂0.5‑2.5份；黑料150‑165份；发泡剂为发泡剂LBA，学名为HCFO‑1233zd；发泡助剂为发泡助剂MFT，学名为CZ95190，为全氟烯烃的同分异构体。本发明通过采用发泡剂LBA为发泡剂，发泡助剂MFT为发泡助剂，有效的降低了GWP值，并获得更加细密泡孔，从而有效的提高了保温层的环保性能和保温性能。

Description

一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层及发泡方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯发泡技术领域，特别是涉及一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层及发泡方法。
背景技术
随着技术的发展，对环保逐渐重视，冰箱冰柜等家电产品也向绿色环境友好的方向发展。目前冰箱冰柜箱体主流发泡技术是采用245fa和环戊烷混合作为发泡剂。245fa学名为HFC-245fa，分子式为CF3CH2CHF2，25℃气相热导率为12.2mw/mk，全球变暖潜能值(以下全部简称为GWP)为990；环戊烷学名为C5，分子式为C5H10，25℃气相热导率为12.0mw/mk，全球变暖潜能值为11。由此可知，尤其是245fa的GWP值非常高，不属于环境友好型发泡剂，并且245fa和环戊烷气相热导率均在12mw/mk以上，保温性能较差。
聚氨酯泡沫是一种闭孔的近似均质的物质，其保温性能主要涉及三个方面：①泡孔中发泡剂的含量多少，主要和发泡剂的用量以及反应速度快慢有关；②泡孔中发泡剂的种类，主要是发泡剂的气相热导率，热导率越低保温性能越好；③泡孔的多少，成核率越高，泡孔越多，泡孔孔径越小，保温性能越好。
245fa作为目前主流发泡剂，其保温原理如下：245fa分子式中3个碳原子带有5个氟原子，氟原子可以在发泡过程中可以提高聚氨酯泡沫的成核率。245fa在25℃气相热导率比环戊烷要差，但综合保温性能比环戊烷要好，原因就在于245fa分子式中带有5个氟原子，提高了泡沫成核率，增加了泡沫的泡孔，减小了泡孔的孔径，从而减低了固体部分的热传导，降低了整体热导率。
但245fa和环戊烷作为发泡剂，其环保性能和保温性能仍然较差，因此，亟待对现有发泡配方进行改进，以进一步的提高发泡的环保性能和保温性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层，通过采用发泡剂LBA为发泡剂，发泡助剂MFT为发泡助剂，有效的降低了GWP值，以及提高了保温性能，解决了现有保温层环保性能和保温性能差的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明为一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层，按质量份数包括：
Figure BDA0002683728630000021
所述发泡剂为发泡剂LBA，学名为HCFO-1233zd；所述发泡助剂为发泡助剂MFT，学名为CZ95190，为全氟烯烃的同分异构体。
进一步地，所述白料包括聚醚多元醇、水、催化剂和稳定剂。
进一步地，所述黑料为异氰酸酯，其粘度为300-400(25℃)/mPa·s，异氰酸根含量为30-32％。
一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层的发泡方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：在物料温度18℃条件下，将质量份的白料、发泡剂、发泡助剂在白料预混罐中混合，得到混合白料；
步骤二：在物料温度18℃条件下，将黑料放入黑料预混罐中搅拌均匀，得到预混黑料；
步骤三：将混合白料和预混黑料同时射入注料枪头内腔，充分混合后通过枪头喷嘴注入待发泡箱体模具中；
步骤四：冷却固化后，进行脱模，即在箱体中形成硬质聚氨酯保温层。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明通过采用发泡剂LBA为发泡剂，发泡助剂MFT为发泡助剂，有效的降低了GWP值，并获得更加细密泡孔；同时，LBA发泡剂沸点低，在低温下具有更优良的保温性能，从而有效的提高了保温层的环保性能和保温性能。
当然，实施本发明的任一产品并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“开孔”、“上”、“下”、“厚度”、“顶”、“中”、“长度”、“内”、“四周”等指示方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的组件或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明为一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层，按质量份数包括：
Figure BDA0002683728630000041
其中，白料包括聚醚多元醇、水、催化剂、稳定剂，具体各原料按质量百分比为：
Figure BDA0002683728630000042
其中，黑料为异氰酸酯，其粘度为300-400(25℃)/mPa·s，异氰酸根含量为30-32％。
一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层的发泡方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：在物料温度18℃条件下，将质量份的白料、发泡剂LBA、发泡助剂MFT在白料预混罐中混合，得到混合白料。
步骤二：在物料温度18℃条件下，将黑料放入黑料预混罐中搅拌均匀，得到预混黑料。
步骤三：将混合白料和预混黑料同时高速高压射入注料枪头内腔，充分混合后通过枪头喷嘴注入待发泡箱体模具中。
步骤四：发泡原料在模具中经过一段时间冷却固化后，进行脱模，即在箱体中形成硬质聚氨酯保温层。
对比例
保温层配方，其各原料按质量份数的构成为：
Figure BDA0002683728630000051
其中，白料和黑料与实施例1相同。
保温层的发泡方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：在物料温度18℃条件下，将质量份的白料、LBA和环戊烷在白料预混罐中混合，得到混合白料；
步骤二至步骤四与实施例1步骤相同。
然后将实施例1和对比例得到的聚氨酯保温层进行对比测试，技术参数见表1.性能对比；其中，表1中的黑白料料比，是指黑料和混合白料的份数比。
Figure BDA0002683728630000052
Figure BDA0002683728630000061
通过上表可以看出，实施例1制备的环保型高保温发泡体系的聚氨酯保温层的导热系数仅为15.6mw/mk，是目前行业内最低；同时本发明泡沫的泡孔尺寸非常小，这意味着同样面积的泡沫，含有更多数量的泡孔，泡孔数量的增多可以有效降低热对流，从而降低聚氨酯保温层整体导热系数，有效的提高了保温性能。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节，也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims (4)

1.一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层，其特征在于，按质量份数包括：
Figure FDA0002683728620000011
所述发泡剂为发泡剂LBA，学名为HCFO-1233zd；
所述发泡助剂为发泡助剂MFT，学名为CZ95190，为全氟烯烃的同分异构体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层，其特征在于，所述白包括聚醚多元醇、水、催化剂和稳定剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层，其特征在于，所述黑料为异氰酸酯，其粘度为300-400(25℃)/mPa·s，异氰酸根含量为30-32％。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的一种环保型高保温聚氨酯保温层的发泡方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：在物料温度18℃条件下，将质量份的白料、发泡剂、发泡助剂在白料预混罐中混合，得到混合白料；
步骤二：在物料温度18℃条件下，将黑料放入黑料预混罐中搅拌均匀，得到预混黑料；
步骤三：将混合白料和预混黑料同时射入注料枪头内腔，充分混合后通过枪头喷嘴注入待发泡箱体模具中；
步骤四：冷却固化后，进行脱模，即在箱体中形成硬质聚氨酯保温层。
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