CN112066384A - Straw household garbage waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method - Google Patents
Straw household garbage waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D82/00—Crop conditioners, i.e. machines for crushing or bruising stalks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a straw household garbage waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method, belongs to the field of waste treatment, and aims to solve the problems that toxic and harmful substances in household garbage cannot be thoroughly sorted and the ash residue treatment cost is high. The method comprises the following steps: garbage disposal, rubbish pyrolysis, burning of straw bundle, pyrolysis gas retrieval and utilization, the pyrolysis of rubbish in the pyrolysis furnace is supplied with to the heat that produces in the straw bundle burning boiler, and rubbish is selected separately the back and is transported to the pyrolysis furnace in and carry out the pyrolysis, and the straw burns in the straw bundle burning boiler, and the produced pyrolysis gas of rubbish pyrolysis burns with volatile gas in leading to the secondary combustion chamber of straw bundle burning boiler under the condition of high temperature together. The invention can treat two wastes of straws and garbage at the same time, and reduces the problems of environment, land, resource waste and the like caused by random burning of the straws and landfill of the garbage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to a straw household garbage waste bundle burning pyrolysis synergistic treatment method.
Background
Along with the gradual improvement of the urbanization level of rural areas in China, the generation amount of domestic garbage is also rapidly improved, the components in the domestic garbage are more and more complex, and the components of harmful wastes and industrial wastes are gradually increased. Therefore, the harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the rural domestic garbage are related to the national civilians, and the method is one of the important contents for realizing the strategic goal of sustainable development in China.
At present, the treatment mode of rural garbage is mainly a landfill method and a burning method. The landfill method occupies a large amount of land resources, and the landfill land can not be reused. Improper treatment can cause serious secondary pollution to water and soil, and the organic solid wastes in the garbage cannot be effectively utilized to cause resource waste. Although the incineration method has the functions of volume reduction and energy recovery, the incineration equipment has high cost and complex operation, and more toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin, fly ash and the like are generated in the combustion process, so that a stricter flue gas purification system is required. The waste pyrolysis treatment technology has high energy utilization rate, generates less secondary pollutants compared with incineration and is a more reasonable treatment mode for waste treatment.
Traditional domestic waste and straw coprocessing mode are mixed the pyrolysis with domestic waste and straw after smashing, and need consume great energy among the crushing process, and contain hard materials such as some stones in the straw bundle usually, easily cause reducing mechanism's damage. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is difficult to control by adopting internal heating, the product is usually unstable and easily generates more tar, and the pyrolysis gas temperature is reduced in the oil-gas separation process, so that the tar is easily condensed to cause the blockage of a pipeline, thereby causing safety accidents. The external heat treatment method has the problems of large energy consumption, unbalanced energy, less capacity and the like. Meanwhile, some toxic and harmful substances inevitably exist in the household garbage, and cannot be thoroughly sorted, and the toxic substances are transferred to ash after the garbage and the straws are mixed and pyrolyzed, so that the ash cannot be effectively utilized, and the treatment cost is high. The straw ash is greatly utilized as a good fertilizer, and if the straw ash is discarded, a large amount of resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for the bundling and pyrolysis synergistic treatment of wastes such as straw household garbage and the like, so as to solve the problems that toxic and harmful substances in the household garbage cannot be thoroughly sorted and the ash treatment cost is high.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a straw household garbage waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method comprises the following steps: garbage treatment, garbage pyrolysis, straw bundle combustion and pyrolysis gas recycling, wherein heat generated in the straw bundle burning boiler is supplied to the pyrolysis of the garbage in the pyrolysis furnace,
A. after sorting the garbage, storing the garbage to remove part of water, and transferring the garbage into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis; after the garbage is conveyed to a pyrolysis furnace, slow pyrolysis reaction is carried out under the condition of high temperature and oxygen deficiency; the garbage pyrolysis process needs to ensure that the temperature of the garbage is gradually increased;
B. straw bundle combustion heat supply: after being crushed and bundled, the straws are conveyed to a straw bundle burning boiler for burning;
C. and (3) pyrolysis gas recycling: pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis is introduced into a secondary combustion chamber of the straw bundle burning boiler to be burnt together with volatile gas under the condition of high temperature.
Further, the heating rate of the pyrolysis of the garbage is kept at 150-.
Further, the high temperature conditions in the step A and the step C are 800-.
Further, the straw burning boiler comprises a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a primary air pipeline, a tertiary air pipeline and a secondary air pipeline; the inside of the straw bundling boiler is divided into a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber by a furnace arch; the rotary pyrolysis furnace is arranged above the straw bundle burning boiler, and a flue gas channel is arranged between the outer ring of the rotary pyrolysis furnace and the furnace body of the rotary pyrolysis furnace; the upper end of the outlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is connected with a secondary combustion chamber of the straw bundle burning boiler through a pyrolysis gas recycling pipeline.
Furthermore, the air excess coefficient in the primary combustion chamber is controlled to be 0.6-1.0, the air excess coefficient in the secondary combustion chamber is controlled to be 0.7-1.1, the front section of the secondary combustion chamber is a premixing area of pyrolysis gas, high-temperature flue gas, volatile matters and air, and the rear section of the secondary combustion chamber is a high-temperature combustion chamber.
The invention utilizes the heat generated by burning the straw bundles, wherein one part of the heat is supplied to the garbage for pyrolysis, and the other part of the heat is exchanged with water for supplying hot water to the outside. Meanwhile, pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis enters a high-temperature combustion area of a combustion chamber of the bundling boiler to be completely combusted under the high-temperature condition, and other toxic and harmful substances such as tar are prevented from being generated. Meanwhile, pyrolysis ash and straw ash are treated independently, so that the utilization rate of resources is improved. The treatment mode is more suitable for the actual situation of rural areas in China, is more reasonable, and has higher environmental protection and economic benefits.
The invention has the following characteristics:
(1) the heat generated by burning the straw bundles is supplied to the garbage for carrying out pyrolytic reaction, the straw and garbage can be simultaneously treated, and the problems of environment, land and resource waste caused by random burning of the straw and landfill are solved.
(2) And (4) carrying out separate treatment on the pyrolysis furnace slag and the straw bundle burning boiler slag. Because the garbage components are complex, the pollution of the pyrolysis furnace slag to the boiler slag bundled by the straws is avoided. The straw bundle burning boiler slag can be directly returned to the field as fertilizer, and can also be mixed with other substances for composting and recycling.
(3) Pyrolysis gas that rubbish pyrolysis produced directly lets in furnace under the condition of high temperature, burns in the high temperature combustion area after mixing with high temperature flue gas, air, avoids producing other pollutants such as tar among the pyrolysis gas condensation process to and the combustion temperature produces more toxic organic substance when crossing excessively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a straw domestic waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of equipment used in the straw domestic waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The straw-garbage co-treatment mainly comprises 7 working procedures, namely garbage pretreatment, garbage pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas recycling, straw bundle combustion heat supply, flue gas purification, pyrolysis furnace slag recycling and straw bundle burning boiler slag recycling.
Example 1
Step 1-garbage pretreatment: the garbage is conveyed to a garbage recycling station by a garbage cleaning and transporting vehicle, after the garbage is sorted, non-perishable organic garbage is poured into a garbage storage pit, the garbage storage pit is in a negative pressure environment, and an air curtain is arranged at the garbage pouring hole to ensure that odor in the garbage storage pit cannot overflow. After partial moisture of the garbage is removed after the garbage is stored for 3-7 days, the pyrolysis efficiency of the garbage can be improved, and then the garbage is transferred into a pyrolysis furnace by the lifting claws for pyrolysis. The residence time of the garbage in the storage pit can be properly prolonged due to the lower air temperature in winter.
Step 2-garbage pyrolysis: after the garbage is conveyed to the pyrolysis furnace, the household garbage is subjected to slow pyrolysis reaction under the high-temperature and oxygen-deficient condition under the action of the pusher and the feeding mechanism. In order to ensure that more pyrolysis gas is generated in the pyrolysis process, the temperature of the garbage is required to be gradually increased in the pyrolysis process. The temperature rise rate can be controlled by controlling the pushing speed of the pushing mechanism, the temperature rise rate is kept at 150-.
The step 3 is pyrolysis gas recycling: the main components of pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis are CO and H2、CH4The generated pyrolysis gas is not treated by condensation, purification and the like and is processed in a high-temperature stripThe part is led into a secondary combustion chamber of the hearth to be combusted together with volatile gas. So as to avoid safety accidents caused by that the pyrolysis gas is condensed to generate more tar to block the pipeline due to excessive temperature reduction of the pyrolysis gas. In order to improve the combustion efficiency of the pyrolysis gas, a cyclone device can be arranged at the outlet of the pyrolysis gas, so that the pyrolysis gas, the high-temperature flue gas, the furnace volatile matters and the air are fully mixed and then enter a high-temperature combustion area for combustion. The temperature of the high-temperature combustion area is controlled to be 800-1000 ℃, and the dioxin, volatile organic compounds and the like in the pyrolysis process can be completely combusted.
Step 4, straw bundle combustion heat supply: the straws are crushed and bundled and then transported to a treatment site. Conveyed into the straw bundle burning boiler by the feeding device for burning.
As shown in fig. 2, the straw-burning boiler (3) includes a primary combustion chamber 304, a secondary combustion chamber (305), a primary air duct 307, a tertiary air duct 308, a secondary air duct 309; the straw bundle burning boiler is internally divided into a primary combustion chamber 304 and a secondary combustion chamber (305) by a furnace arch 312;
the rotary pyrolysis furnace (203) is arranged above the straw burning boiler (3), a flue gas channel is arranged between the outer ring of the rotary pyrolysis furnace and the furnace body of the rotary pyrolysis furnace,
the upper end of the outlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace (203) is connected with a secondary combustion chamber (305) of the straw bundle burning boiler (3) through a pyrolysis gas recycling pipeline (204).
Along with the gradual absorption of heat, the temperature of the flue gas is gradually reduced from the right end to the left end, so that the temperature of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is gradually reduced from the right end to the left end, the temperature rise rate of the garbage in the rotary pyrolysis furnace is ensured, and more pyrolysis gas is obtained.
The straw bundle contains more volatile components, and in order to improve the combustion efficiency, a staged combustion system is needed for the straw bundle burning boiler. Wherein the air excess coefficient of the combustion environment mainly creating oxygen deficiency in the primary combustion chamber is controlled to be 0.6-1.0, so that the straw bundle can separate out more volatile matters. The secondary combustion chamber is mainly a mixed combustion excess air coefficient of volatile components and pyrolysis gas, the mixed combustion excess air coefficient is controlled to be 0.7-1.1, the front section of the secondary combustion chamber is a premixed area of the pyrolysis gas, high-temperature flue gas, volatile components and air, and the rear section of the secondary combustion chamber is a high-temperature combustion chamber. The two combustion chambers are provided with independent air distribution systems, and the air distribution amount can be adjusted. The heat generated in the straw bundling boiler is mainly supplied for the pyrolysis of the garbage in the pyrolysis furnace, and the surplus heat provides hot water to the outside of the device after water circulation heat exchange, so that the straw bundling boiler can be used for heating or other places needing hot water.
Example 2
The following steps are added to example 1,
step 5 is flue gas purification: the dust removal and purification treatment of the flue gas mainly ensure that the toxic and harmful gases such as acid gas, particulate matters and the like generated by combustion are fully purified and discharged after reaching the standard. The sedimentation of particles can be carried out in the furnace, the flue gas is discharged and then is combined and selected to be treated by methods of a rotary spray tower, SCR, SNCR, activated carbon adsorption, cloth bag dust removal and the like, and the flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
Example 3
The following steps are added to example 1,
step 6 is the recycling of the pyrolysis furnace slag: the main components of the pyrolytic slag are biochar and partial incompletely pyrolyzed substances, and the biochar extracted after screening can be used as a soil conditioner for the growth of crops. Substances which are not completely pyrolyzed can also be sintered at high temperature to prepare the roadbed material.
Example 4
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the following working procedures are added, and the working procedure 7 is to recycle the straw bundle burning boiler slag: the slag generated after the straw bundles are burnt can be removed from the straw bundle burning boiler and then can be composted with livestock and poultry manure to be applied to crops as fertilizer. The fertilizer prepared by the straw ash is more environment-friendly and economical. The nutrient elements absorbed by the soil in the straw growing process return to the field again, and the problems of soil hardening, soil fertility reduction and the like caused by over fertilization can be avoided.
Claims (7)
1. A straw household garbage waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: garbage treatment, garbage pyrolysis, straw bundle combustion and pyrolysis gas recycling, wherein heat generated in the straw bundle burning boiler is supplied to the pyrolysis of the garbage in the pyrolysis furnace,
A. after sorting the garbage, storing the garbage to remove part of water, and transferring the garbage into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis; after the garbage is conveyed to a pyrolysis furnace, slow pyrolysis reaction is carried out under the condition of high temperature and oxygen deficiency; the garbage pyrolysis process needs to ensure that the temperature of the garbage is gradually increased;
B. straw bundle combustion heat supply: after being crushed and bundled, the straws are conveyed to a straw bundle burning boiler for burning;
C. and (3) pyrolysis gas recycling: pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis is introduced into a secondary combustion chamber of the straw bundle burning boiler to be burnt together with volatile gas under the condition of high temperature.
2. The straw domestic waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating rate of the pyrolysis of the garbage is kept at 150-.
3. The straw domestic waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the high temperature conditions in the step A and the step C are 800-1000 ℃.
4. The straw domestic waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the straw bundling boiler (3) comprises a primary combustion chamber (304), a secondary combustion chamber (305), a primary air pipeline (307), a tertiary air pipeline (308) and a secondary air pipeline (309), and the straw bundling boiler is internally divided into the primary combustion chamber (304) and the secondary combustion chamber (305) through a furnace arch (312); the rotary pyrolysis furnace (203) is arranged above the straw burning boiler (3), and a flue gas channel is arranged between the outer ring of the rotary pyrolysis furnace and the furnace body of the rotary pyrolysis furnace; the upper end of the outlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace (203) is connected with a secondary combustion chamber (305) of the straw bundle burning boiler (3) through a pyrolysis gas recycling pipeline (204).
5. The straw domestic waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the air excess coefficient in the primary combustion chamber is controlled to be 0.6-1.0, the excess air coefficient in the secondary combustion chamber is controlled to be 0.7-1.1, the front section of the secondary combustion chamber is a premixing area of pyrolysis gas, high-temperature flue gas, volatile matters and air, and the rear section of the secondary combustion chamber is a high-temperature combustion chamber.
6. The straw domestic waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: it also includes the step of flue gas purification: the dust removal and purification treatment of the flue gas mainly ensures that the toxic and harmful gases such as acid gas, particulate matters and the like generated by combustion are fully purified and discharged after reaching the standard; settling particulate matters in the furnace, discharging the flue gas, then combining and selecting a rotary spray tower, SCR, SNCR, activated carbon adsorption and cloth bag dust removal for treatment, and discharging the flue gas after reaching the standard.
7. The straw domestic waste bundling and pyrolysis cooperative treatment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the method also comprises the following steps of pyrolysis furnace slag recycling: screening the pyrolytic furnace slag to extract biochar serving as a soil conditioner; and sintering the incompletely pyrolyzed substances at high temperature to prepare the roadbed material.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113028409A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-06-25 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for clean combustion of gas by synergistic treatment of straw domestic garbage |
| CN114074941A (en) * | 2021-01-31 | 2022-02-22 | 天津绿展环保科技有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization and cooperative treatment method for activated carbon |
| CN116428594A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-07-14 | 烟台裕能能源科技有限公司 | Enthalpy-increasing combustion system and method containing volatile matters |
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