CN112008084A - Preparation method and application of aluminum-iron composite material for machine arm - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of aluminum-iron composite material for machine arm Download PDFInfo
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- CN112008084A CN112008084A CN202010911362.1A CN202010911362A CN112008084A CN 112008084 A CN112008084 A CN 112008084A CN 202010911362 A CN202010911362 A CN 202010911362A CN 112008084 A CN112008084 A CN 112008084A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016343 Al2Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000221535 Pucciniales Species 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013473 artificial intelligence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/0009—Constructional details, e.g. manipulator supports, bases
- B25J9/0012—Constructional details, e.g. manipulator supports, bases making use of synthetic construction materials, e.g. plastics, composites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/34—Anodisation of metals or alloys not provided for in groups C25D11/04 - C25D11/32
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
- B22F2003/185—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers by hot rolling, below sintering temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly discloses a preparation method and application of an aluminum-iron composite material for a machine arm, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing Al-Mg master alloy powder, metal simple substance powder and carbon fibers to obtain composite aluminum powder, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon fibers is 5-10%; carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a steel plate, then carrying out electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment, forming pointed crystals and nano holes on the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate, horizontally putting the treated steel plate into an extrusion die, respectively paving composite aluminum powder on the upper and lower sides of the steel plate, carrying out pre-pressing forming, and then sintering; carrying out hot-press molding on the sintered sample, and then carrying out hot-rolling molding to obtain a plate strip-shaped aluminum-iron composite material; and carrying out solid solution and aging treatment on the plate-strip-shaped aluminum-iron composite material. The strength and the stress corrosion resistance of the aluminum-iron composite material obtained by the invention are greatly improved, and the requirements of a robot arm are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of an aluminum-iron composite material for a machine arm.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the artificial intelligence industry and the increasing demand of lightweight aluminum alloy, the traditional iron-based material has the problem of high energy consumption caused by the lifting of a machine due to high density. Meanwhile, the iron-based material is easy to corrode rusts and the like when exposed in the air, and in addition, the application of the iron-based material in corrosive media such as seawater and the like has a great problem, so that in the design process of the robot arm, two problems need to be solved for the hand grip part and the movable arm: (1) materials need lightweight design; (2) the material needs better corrosion resistance.
Aiming at the problems, the aluminum alloy is introduced into the design of the material of the robot arm, the aluminum alloy material has better corrosion resistance and low density, and is a key material for light weight, but the application of the aluminum alloy in the robot arm still has certain problems, because the aluminum alloy has the common mark of 6061, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is about 290MPa, the strength can not meet the requirement of the robot arm on the strength, and in addition, the stress corrosion resistance of the material is insufficient, the search for the material which can meet the requirement of the robot arm on the strength and can also meet the stress corrosion resistance is still the key point of the current research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum-iron composite material for a robot arm, which is used for obtaining the aluminum-iron composite material which not only meets the requirement of the robot arm on strength, but also meets the stress corrosion resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an aluminum-iron composite material for a machine arm comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing Al-Mg master alloy powder, metal simple substance powder and carbon fiber to obtain composite aluminum powder, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon fiber is 5-10%; the composite aluminum powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cu: 0.8-2.1%, Mg: 0.9-2.5%, Zn: 0.2-0.3%, Ti: 0.01-0.05%, Cr: 0.05-0.12%, Ce: 0.03 to 0.06%, Zr: 0.05-0.1%, B: 0.5-0.9%, and the balance of Al and carbon fiber;
step 2: carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a steel plate, then carrying out electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment, forming pointed crystals and nano holes on the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate, horizontally putting the treated steel plate into an extrusion die, respectively fully paving the composite aluminum powder prepared in the step 1 on the upper and lower sides of the steel plate, carrying out pre-pressing forming, and then sintering;
and step 3: carrying out hot-press molding on the sintered sample, and then carrying out hot-rolling molding to obtain a plate strip-shaped aluminum-iron composite material;
and 4, step 4: and (4) carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the plate-strip-shaped aluminum-iron composite material obtained in the step (3).
The technical principle and the effect of the technical scheme are as follows:
the aluminum-iron composite material prepared by the scheme has the advantages that the aluminum-iron composite material prepared by the scheme has an antirust effect by wrapping the non-corrosion-resistant steel plate in the composite aluminum powder, and meanwhile, the high strength and toughness of the steel material are utilized to improve the stability of the composite material, and in addition, the stress corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy composite material prepared by powder metallurgy is greatly improved.
The aluminum-iron composite material prepared by the preparation method provided by the scheme is applied to a machine arm and a gripper. The robot arm is a high-cycle fatigue sample and needs to bear certain stress and high-temperature conditions, so that the performance of the robot arm can be ensured while the material with matched performance is obtained through a material compounding process.
Further, the length of the carbon fiber adopted in the step 1 is 50-5 mm, and the diameter is 20-50 μm.
Has the advantages that: because the nano-scale material is difficult to disperse, agglomeration adversely affects the performance of the material, and the cost of the ultra-long carbon fiber is too high, the unidirectional performance of the carbon fiber is better, the overlong scale can affect the longitudinal performance of the material, and meanwhile, the carbon fiber is too large, so that the dispersion distribution effect of the Al matrix is reduced, and the dispersion strengthening effect is reduced, so that the size in the scheme is found to be optimal through experiments.
Further, the surface of the carbon fiber used in the step 1 is subjected to copper plating treatment.
Has the advantages that: because the carbon in the carbon fiber has potential difference with Al, the carbon is easy to react to form a compound, and the compound has strong brittleness, the interface of Al and carbon needs to be improved by other elements, and experiments show that after copper plating is carried out, copper and Al on the surface of carbon can form a reinforcing phase Al2Cu, thereby increasing the tensile strength of the composite.
Further, the thickness of the steel plate in the step 2 is 0.2-0.4 mm, the filling height of single-side powder of the composite aluminum powder before pre-pressing forming is 18-22 mm, the thickness after pre-pressing forming is 4-6 mm, and the thickness of the plate-shaped aluminum-iron composite material in the step 3 is 2-3 mm.
Has the advantages that: the plate strip-shaped material obtained under the reduction ratio is suitable for directly preparing a robot arm.
Further, the sintering temperature in the step 2 is 500-600 ℃, and the sintering time is 8-12 hours.
Has the advantages that: sintering at this temperature allows for better bonding between the composite aluminum powder and the steel plate.
Further, the temperature of the hot press molding in the step 3 is 400-500 ℃.
Further, the temperature of the hot rolling forming in the step 3 is 600-700 ℃.
Has the advantages that: the performance of the plate strip-shaped aluminum-iron composite material obtained by hot rolling at the temperature is optimal.
Further, the electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment in the step 2 is specifically to use a steel plate as an anode, a graphite electrode as a cathode, and the electrolyte comprises 11-16% by mass of HClO4And 89 to 84 percent of (CH)2OH)2The voltage is not lower than 50V, and the time is 3-6 min.
Has the advantages that: this treatment can form a sharp crystal shape and nano-pores on the surface of the steel sheet.
Further, the Al-Mg master alloy powder, the metal simple substance powder and the carbon fibers in the step 1 are subjected to high dispersion treatment before ball milling, and the rotating speed is 3000-6000 rpm.
Has the advantages that: the Al-Mg master alloy powder, the metal simple substance powder and the carbon fiber can be highly dispersed, and agglomeration and caking in the subsequent process are prevented.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example 1:
a preparation method of an aluminum-iron composite material for a machine arm comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (2) carrying out high dispersion treatment on the Al-Mg intermediate alloy powder, the metal simple substance powder and the carbon fiber with the volume fraction of 5%, wherein the rotating speed during dispersion is 3000-6000 rpm, adding alcohol and polyethylene glycol into the dispersed Al-Mg intermediate alloy powder and the metal simple substance powder, uniformly stirring, adding the dispersed carbon fiber, and uniformly stirring again.
Putting the uniformly stirred powder into a ball mill, adding zirconium dioxide balls, performing ball milling under the protection of argon, and performing vacuum drying treatment to obtain composite aluminum powder, wherein the composite aluminum powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cu: 0.8-2.1%, Mg: 0.9-2.5%, Zn: 0.2-0.3%, Ti: 0.01-0.05%, Cr: 0.05-0.12%, Ce: 0.03 to 0.06%, Zr: 0.05-0.1%, B: 0.5-0.9%, and the balance of Al and carbon fiber.
In the embodiment, the carbon fiber is the fiber with the surface plated with copper, the length of the carbon fiber is 50-5 mm, the diameter of the carbon fiber is 20-50 mm, and the thickness of the plated copper is 2-10 μm.
Step 2: performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of a DC01 steel plate with the thickness of 0.3mm to increase the surface roughness, and then performing electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment to form pointed crystals and nano holes on the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate; horizontally placing the treated steel plate in the middle of an extrusion die, respectively paving the composite aluminum powder obtained in the step (1) on the upper side and the lower side of the steel plate, wherein the thickness of the composite aluminum powder filled on one side is 20mm, performing pre-pressing forming to obtain a pre-pressed part, wherein the pressing pressure is 120MPa, the pressure is maintained for 10min, the temperature of the die is heated to 400 ℃, the temperature in the whole pre-pressing forming process is 400 ℃, and the temperature in the die cavity is about 500 ℃.
The electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment specifically comprises the steps of taking a steel plate as an anode, taking a graphite electrode as a cathode, and using an electrolyte comprising 11-16% of HClO (hydrochloric acid) by mass4And 89 to 84 percent of (CH)2OH)2The voltage is not lower than 50V, and the time is 3-6 min.
And heating the pre-pressing piece to 580 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, sintering for 10 hours, and sintering under the protective atmosphere of argon or nitrogen.
And step 3: and (3) carrying out hot press molding on the sample sintered in the step (2), wherein the pressure maintaining time is 30min, the operation is carried out for 3 times, and the pressing temperature is 450 ℃. And carrying out hot rolling molding on the hot-pressed sample in a rolling mill to obtain the strip-shaped aluminum-iron composite material with the thickness of 2-3 mm.
And 4, step 4: and (3) improving the performance of the strip obtained in the step (3) by adopting a solid solution aging method, wherein the heat preservation time at the solid solution temperature of 480 ℃ is 2 hours, the graded aging process is that the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 180 ℃, then the heat preservation is carried out for 10 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and finally the natural aging is carried out for 180 hours.
Example 2:
the difference from example 1 is that the volume fraction of carbon fibers in example 2 is 10%.
Comparative example 1: is 6061 aluminum alloy material.
Comparative example 2: the difference from example 1 is that the aluminum matrix composite obtained in comparative example 2 was not added with a steel sheet.
Comparative example 3: the difference from example 1 is that the carbon fiber used in comparative example 3 was not subjected to copper plating treatment.
And (3) experimental detection:
the stress corrosion detection method comprises the following steps: the corrosion medium adopts 3.5 percent NaCl solution at room temperature of 25 ℃, or the inert medium adopts silicone oil at 25 ℃, and the strain rate is 10-6s-1The results are shown in Table 1 below, in which A in Table 1 represents the tensile strength (MPa) at 25 ℃ in the case of a silicone oil, B represents the elongation (%) at 25 ℃ in the case of a silicone oil, C represents the length (h) of rupture at 25 ℃ in the case of a silicone oil, and D represents the tensile strength (MPa) at 25 ℃ in the case of a 3.5% NaCl solution,E represents the elongation (%) under the condition of a 3.5% NaCl solution at 25 ℃ and F represents the length (h) of break under the condition of a 3.5% NaCl solution at 25 ℃.
Electrochemical corrosion of the surface: the corrosion medium was characterized by the self-corrosion current density using a 3.5% NaCl solution at 25 ℃ at room temperature using the tafel cancellation of the electrochemical workstation, and the results are shown in Table 1, where G in Table 1 represents the self-corrosion current density (uA/cm)2)。
Table 1 shows the results of the tests of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3
From table 1 above, it can be seen that:
according to the invention, the steel plate which is not corrosion resistant is wrapped in the composite aluminum powder, so that the antirust effect is achieved, and simultaneously, the high strength and toughness of the steel material are utilized, so that the stability of the material is improved, and in addition, the performance of the aluminum alloy composite material prepared through powder metallurgy can be greatly improved. The experimental result can show that the tensile strength, the elongation and the breaking time of the aluminum-iron composite material obtained by the method are all improved, and the aluminum-iron composite material is compared with the self-corrosion current density of 98uA/cm of DC01 steel2In the present application, the self-etching current density is not more than 20uA/cm2Indicating a substantial decrease in the corrosion rate of the material.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of the known specific materials and characteristics thereof has not been described herein in any greater extent. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an aluminum-iron composite material for a machine arm is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing Al-Mg master alloy powder, metal simple substance powder and carbon fiber to obtain composite aluminum powder, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon fiber is 5-10%; the composite aluminum powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cu: 0.8-2.1%, Mg: 0.9-2.5%, Zn: 0.2-0.3%, Ti: 0.01-0.05%, Cr: 0.05-0.12%, Ce: 0.03 to 0.06%, Zr: 0.05-0.1%, B: 0.5-0.9%, and the balance of Al and carbon fiber;
step 2: carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a steel plate, then carrying out electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment, forming pointed crystals and nano holes on the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate, horizontally putting the treated steel plate into an extrusion die, respectively fully paving the composite aluminum powder prepared in the step 1 on the upper and lower sides of the steel plate, carrying out pre-pressing forming, and then sintering;
and step 3: carrying out hot-press molding on the sintered sample, and then carrying out hot-rolling molding to obtain a plate strip-shaped aluminum-iron composite material;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out solid solution and aging treatment on the plate-strip-shaped aluminum-iron composite material obtained in the step (3).
2. The method for preparing the aluminum-iron composite material for the machine arm according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the length of the carbon fiber adopted in the step 1 is 50-5 mm, and the diameter is 20-50 μm.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum-iron composite material for the machine arm according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out copper plating treatment on the surface of the carbon fiber adopted in the step (1).
4. The method for preparing the aluminum-iron composite material for the machine arm according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the steel plate in the step 2 is 0.2-0.4 mm, the filling height of single-side powder of the composite aluminum powder before pre-pressing forming is 18-22 mm, the thickness after pre-pressing forming is 4-6 mm, and the thickness of the plate-shaped aluminum-iron composite material in the step 3 is 2-3 mm.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum-iron composite material for the machine arm according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sintering temperature in the step 2 is 500-600 ℃, and the sintering time is 8-12 h.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum-iron composite material for the machine arm according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of hot-press molding in the step 3 is 400-500 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum-iron composite material for the machine arm according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the hot rolling forming in the step 3 is 600-700 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum-iron composite material for the machine arm according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment in the step 2 is specifically that a steel plate is used as an anode, a graphite electrode is used as a cathode, and the electrolyte comprises 11-16% of HClO (hydrochloric acid) by mass4And 89 to 84 percent of (CH)2OH)2The voltage is not lower than 50V, and the time is 3-6 min.
9. The method for preparing the aluminum-iron composite material for the machine arm according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) performing high dispersion treatment on the Al-Mg intermediate alloy powder, the metal simple substance powder and the carbon fibers in the step (1) before ball milling, wherein the rotating speed is 3000-6000 rpm.
10. The use of the aluminum-iron composite material prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 in a robot arm and a gripper.
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