CN111979768A - 一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法 - Google Patents
一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,首先采用有机溶剂,以1,2,4‑三氮唑‑3‑甲酸甲酯为紫外吸收剂、3‑烯丙基‑5,5‑二甲基海因作为卤胺前驱体,配制整理液,然后浸渍棉织物,用辐照薄膜密封浸渍后的织物,置于电子束辐射工作室进行辐射,辐射电压为130KV,束电流为1mA,调整辐射工作室内小车的速度使辐射吸收剂量为32.5‑86.6kGy;将辐射后的织物烘焙后用乙醇洗涤,再水洗烘干,常温下浸入次氯酸钠水溶液氯化,最后水洗、干燥。与现有技术相比,该方法工序简单,反应速度快效率高,制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物具有优良的抗菌性能、紫外防护性能、活性氯紫外稳定性能和可再生性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,属于纺织加工技术领域。
背景技术
环境中存在许多病原微生物,严重影响着人们的健康生活。纺织品的多孔结构极易吸附和滋生细菌,有害细菌以纺织品为媒介,危害人类的身体健康。随着科学的发展,人们健康意识、环保意识的提高,抗菌材料、特别是抗菌纺织品的研究和开发受到广泛关注。金属及其氧化物的纳米材料、壳聚糖、季铵盐、季磷盐、卤胺化合物等抗菌剂应运而生。抗菌纺织品既要达到快速、持久的杀菌效果,又能在抗菌处理过程不影响织物的服用性能,同时对人体和环境无害。卤胺抗菌剂具有广谱抗菌、高效抗菌、环境友好、可再生性好等优点,不会引起细菌的耐药性。因此利用卤胺抗菌剂整理得到的卤胺抗菌棉织物,很好的满足了人们的健康生活需要,具有良好的市场前景。但是,卤胺抗菌棉织物在使用过程中,织物上的卤胺抗菌剂受紫外光照射容易分解,造成活性氯含量损失进而导致抗菌性能下降。
辐射加工技术是利用高能电离辐射作用使物质的内部发生物理和化学变化,从而提高或改变其某些性能的一项技术。电子束辐射能使纤维大分子和功能性单体之间形成共价键结合,为功能性纺织品的开发提供了一条新的途径。目前,电子束辐射技术已在纺织品抗菌、拒水、阻燃整理等方面有相关文献报。例如,中科院上海物理研究所的张明星等采用辐射技术在尼龙66 上接枝了功能单体,并经过后续的化学修饰,赋予了纤维超强抗菌功效;Shin等以羧甲基纤维素为原料,以柠檬酸为交联剂,在电子束辐射下交联,成功制备了超吸水材料。但是目前尚无采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物方面的研究报导。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述不足,提供一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,工序简单,反应速度快效率高,制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物具有优良的抗菌性能、紫外防护性能、活性氯紫外稳定性能和可再生性能。
技术方案
一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1,2,4-三氮唑-3-甲酸甲酯和3-烯丙基-5,5-二甲基海因加入到有机溶剂中,搅拌使完全溶解后,作为整理液;所述整理液的质量浓度为1-20%,1,2,4-三氮唑-3-甲酸甲酯与3-烯丙基-5,5-二甲基海因的摩尔比为0.8-1:1;
(2)将棉织物在整理液中浸渍5-55min,浴比为1:20,二浸二轧,轧余率100%,得到浸渍后的织物;
(3)用辐照薄膜密封浸渍后的织物,然后置于电子束辐射工作室中进行辐射,设置辐射电压为130KV,束电流为1mA,调整辐射工作室内小车的速度,使辐射吸收剂量为 32.5-86.6kGy;
(4)将辐射后的织物进行烘焙后,用乙醇充分洗涤,再用去离子水洗涤后烘干,常温下浸入次氯酸钠水溶液中,取出后用去离子水充分洗涤,最后干燥,即得。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述有机溶剂选自乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷中任意一种。
进一步,步骤(2)中,浸渍时间优选为15min。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述辐射吸收剂量为65kGy。随着辐照吸收剂量的增加,接枝棉织物的氯含量迅速增加,但同时辐射也导致织物断裂强力下降,且吸收剂量越大,强力损失越大,综合考虑,最佳辐射吸收剂量为65kGy。
进一步,步骤(4)中,所述烘焙温度为120℃,时间为5min。
进一步,步骤(4)中,所述次氯酸钠水溶液的质量浓度为10%,pH为7。
进一步,步骤(4)中,所述干燥温度为45℃,时间为1h。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供了一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,本发明以丙酮为溶剂、1,2,4-三氮唑-3-甲酸甲酯(BHMEC)为紫外吸收剂、3-烯丙基-5,5- 二甲基海因(ADMH)为卤胺前驱体,配成整理液对织物进行整理,然后在电子束辐射工作室中进行辐射制备抗菌防紫外棉织物,该方法工序简单,反应速度快效率高,制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物具有优良的抗菌性能、紫外防护性能、活性氯紫外稳定性能和可再生性能。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的IR图;
图2为实施例1制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。下述实施例中,采用的电子束辐射设备型号为EB150/20,湖北久瑞核技术有限公司生产,但不限于此。
下述实施例中,卤胺抗菌棉织物的氯含量的测试方法采用的是硫代硫酸钠/碘量法,操作过程如下:50mL烧杯中加入0.2g碘化钾和10mL去离子水,称取0.1g左右的织物置于其中,轻轻震荡1min后,加入1wt%淀粉溶液。搅拌一定时间,因为织物负载了氧化性氯,I-被氧化为I2,在淀粉存在下I2呈现了深蓝色。硫代硫酸钠溶液滴定上述深蓝色液体,直到溶液变成成无色。棉织物负载的活性氯含量计算公式如下:
其中V表示硫代硫酸钠溶液消耗的体积(L),35.45表示氯原子的摩尔质量,W表示所称取的棉织物的质量(g)。
实施例1
一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1,2,4-三氮唑-3-甲酸甲酯(BHMEC)和3-烯丙基-5,5-二甲基海因(ADMH) 加入到丙酮中,搅拌使完全溶解后,作为整理液,整理液质量浓度为10%(w/v),BHMEC 与ADMH的摩尔比为0.8:1;
(2)将棉织物浸渍在整理液中,浴比为1:20,二浸二轧,轧余率100%,浸渍15min后,得到浸渍后的织物;
(3)用辐照薄膜密封浸渍后的织物,然后置于电子束辐射工作室中进行辐射,设置辐射电压为130KV,束电流为1mA,调整辐射工作室内小车的速度,使辐射吸收剂量为65kGy;
(4)将辐射后的织物120℃烘焙5min后,用乙醇充分洗涤,再用去离子水洗涤后烘干,常温下浸入pH为7、质量浓度为10%的次氯酸钠水溶液中1h,取出后用去离子水充分洗涤,最后 45℃干燥1h,即得。
测试实施例1制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.23%。
实施例1制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的IR图见图1,其中图1中a为原棉织物,图1中b为辐射后的织物,图1中c为实施例1的抗菌防紫外棉织物,可以看出,辐射接枝的棉织物上,在1706 cm-1处特征峰为C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰,表明ADMH成功接枝到棉织物上,经次氯酸钠氯化后,该羰基峰吸收峰位置蓝移到了1709cm-1处,在1513cm-1处的特征峰为苯环骨架的吸收振动峰,在1306cm-1处的特征峰为C-N的特征吸收峰,1176cm-1对应酚类C-O振动吸收峰;803cm-1和731cm-1对应苯环C-H面外弯曲振动吸收峰,表明BHMEC已经接枝到纤维表面。
实施例1制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的SEM图见图2,其中图2a为原棉织物,图2b为辐射后的织物,图2c为实施例1的抗菌防紫外棉织物,放大倍数为1000倍,可以看出,未经处理的棉纤维表面较光洁,无物质附着,带有棉纤维的天然转曲;辐射接枝之后的棉纤维表面变得粗糙不平,有明显的堆积物,表明整理剂经电子束辐射已经接枝到纤维上。
实施例2
步骤(2)中,浸渍时间为5min。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例2制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.16%。
实施例3
步骤(2)中,浸渍时间为10min。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例3制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.21%。
实施例4
步骤(2)中,浸渍时间为25min。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例4制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.22%。
实施例5
步骤(2)中,浸渍时间为10min;步骤(3)中,辐射吸收剂量为32.5kGy。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例5制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.14%。
实施例6
步骤(2)中,浸渍时间为10min;步骤(3)中,辐射吸收剂量为43.4kGy。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例6制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.18%。
实施例7
步骤(2)中,浸渍时间为10min;步骤(3)中,辐射吸收剂量为86.6kGy。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例7制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.25%。
实施例8
步骤(1)中,整理液质量浓度为4%,BHMEC与ADMH的摩尔比为0.85:1;步骤(2) 中,浸渍时间为10min;步骤(3)中,辐射吸收剂量为43.3kGy。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例8制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.06%。
实施例9
步骤(1)中,整理液质量浓度为6%,BHMEC与ADMH的摩尔比为0.9:1;步骤(2) 中,浸渍时间为10min;步骤(3)中,辐射吸收剂量为43.3kGy。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例9制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.1%。
实施例10
步骤(1)中,整理液质量浓度为8%,BHMEC与ADMH的摩尔比为0.95:1;步骤(2)中,浸渍时间为10min;步骤(3)中,辐射吸收剂量为43.3kGy。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例10制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.15%。
实施例11
步骤(1)中,整理液质量浓度为12%,BHMEC与ADMH的摩尔比为1:1;步骤(2) 中,浸渍时间为10min;步骤(3)中,辐射吸收剂量为43.3kGy.。其余与实施例1相同。
测试实施例11制得的抗菌防紫外棉织物的氯含量,为0.19%。
对比例1
一种抗菌防紫外棉织物,制备方法同实施例1,只是将步骤(4)改为“将辐射后的织物120℃烘焙5min后,用乙醇充分洗涤,再用去离子水洗涤后烘干”。
1.将实施例1、对比例1的抗菌防紫外棉织物以及原棉织物进行抗菌测试、紫外防护性能测试,其中,抗菌测试方法参考的是AATCC 100-2004抗菌测试标准,选取革兰氏阳性菌即金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6538)和革兰氏阴性菌即大肠杆菌O157:H7(ATCC 43895)作为接种细菌;外防护性能测试方法参考的是GB/T 18830-2009纺织品防紫外性能的评定。测试结果见表1和表2:
表1抗菌测试结果
备注:a表示接种浓度为9.70×106CFU/sample;b表示接种浓度为5.20×106CFU/sample。
由表1可以看出,本发明的抗菌防紫外棉织物在1min内,便杀灭了大量的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌,接触10min,可杀死对数值为6.99的金黄色葡萄球菌和6.72的大肠杆菌,细菌减少率达100%。对比例1的绵织物和原棉织物也造成部分细菌减少,这是因为细菌在与织物接触的过程中黏附在纤维表面,造成细菌数量的减少,并不是细菌失活所致。
表2紫外防护性能测试结果
UVA透过率,% | UVB透过率,% | 紫外防护系数(UPF) | |
原棉织物 | 16.66 | 14.92 | 6.87 |
对比例1 | 2.36 | 1.27 | 74.01 |
实施例1 | 4.54 | 3.39 | 46.95 |
由表2可以看出,接枝苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂BHMEC后,UPF从原来的6.87增加至74.01,紫外防护性能达到50+,BHMEC可以吸收紫外线能量转化为热能释放。经过次氯酸钠溶液处理后,UPF变为46.95,对照GB/T 18830-2009标准,依然有良好的紫外防护性能。
2.将实施例1的抗菌防紫外棉织物进行活性氯耐紫外稳定性测试,测试方法参考GB/T 18830-2009,采用纺织品紫外光加速老化测试仪(美国Q-LAB公司)对织物进行紫外光辐照测试活性氯在紫外光作用下的稳定性,结果见表3:
表3活性耐紫外稳定性测试结果
照射时间(h) | 氯含量Cl+(%) |
0 | 0.23 |
1 | 0.20 |
2 | 0.16 |
4 | 0.15 |
8 | 0.13 |
12 | 0.12 |
24 | 0.11 |
24(重新氯化) | 0.21 |
由表3可以看出,本发明的抗菌防紫外棉织物经紫外光照射1h后,氯含量从0.23%下降到0.20%,约为原来的87%,照射12h后,约为原来的52%,照射24h后,氯含量约为原来的48%,(不含紫外防护剂的卤胺抗菌棉织物,经过24h紫外照射后,活性氯含量基本全部损失)。经过重新氯化,活性氯可以恢复到原来的91%,显示了较好的可再生性。
Claims (7)
1.一种采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1,2,4-三氮唑-3-甲酸甲酯和3-烯丙基-5,5-二甲基海因加入到有机溶剂中,搅拌使完全溶解后,作为整理液;所述整理液的质量浓度为1-20%,1,2,4-三氮唑-3-甲酸甲酯与3-烯丙基-5,5-二甲基海因的摩尔比为0.8-1:1;
(2)将棉织物在整理液中浸渍5-55min,浴比为1:20,二浸二轧,轧余率100%,得到浸渍后的织物;
(3)用辐照薄膜密封浸渍后的织物,然后置于电子束辐射工作室中进行辐射,设置辐射电压为130KV,束电流为1mA,调整辐射工作室内小车的速度,使辐射吸收剂量为32.5-86.6kGy;
(4)将辐射后的织物进行烘焙后,用乙醇充分洗涤,再用去离子水洗涤后烘干,常温下浸入次氯酸钠水溶液中,取出后用去离子水充分洗涤,最后干燥,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述有机溶剂选自乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷中任意一种。
3.如权利要求1所述采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,浸渍时间为15min。
4.如权利要求1所述采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述辐射吸收剂量为65kGy。
5.如权利要求1所述采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述烘焙温度为120℃,时间为5min。
6.如权利要求1所述采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述次氯酸钠水溶液的质量浓度为10%,pH为7。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述采用辐射加工技术制备抗菌防紫外棉织物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述干燥温度为45℃,时间为1h。
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