CN111979624A - High-rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructive cladding yarn and spinning method and fabric thereof - Google Patents
High-rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructive cladding yarn and spinning method and fabric thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111979624A CN111979624A CN202010764123.8A CN202010764123A CN111979624A CN 111979624 A CN111979624 A CN 111979624A CN 202010764123 A CN202010764123 A CN 202010764123A CN 111979624 A CN111979624 A CN 111979624A
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- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
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- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
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- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
- D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
- D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
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- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
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- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
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- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
- D10B2101/06—Glass
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- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
- D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
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- D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/20—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres
- D10B2201/22—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres made from cellulose solutions
- D10B2201/24—Viscose
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- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
- D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
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- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, or of their acetals or ketals
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- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
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- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
- D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
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- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
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- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/14—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles
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- D10B2331/301—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensation products not covered by indexing codes D10B2331/02 - D10B2331/14 polyarylene sulfides, e.g. polyphenylenesulfide
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-rigidity fragile fiber material lossless cladding yarn, a spinning method thereof and a fabric. The method comprises the steps of carrying out forward composite twisting on the high-rigidity brittle fiber clamped by the flexible fiber under the condition of a twist lower than the maximum breaking torque of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament to form a composite yarn core; then, the composite yarn core is twisted reversely by adopting a friction spinning technology, and the surface of the composite yarn core twisted reversely is coated with the flexible flame-retardant fiber to form the core-shell structure composite yarn; the core-shell structure composite yarn is twisted in the positive direction by a two-for-one twister and twisted into a strand, and is woven together with a single core-shell structure composite yarn to form a fabric with excellent wearability. Through the mode, the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is completely coated under the condition that the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is prevented from being damaged, the high-strength performance of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is revealed to the maximum extent, the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is prevented from being broken and exposed at the fiber end, and the wearability of the fabric is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spinning, in particular to high-rigidity fragile fiber material lossless cladding yarn, a spinning method and fabric thereof.
Background
The high-rigidity brittle fiber materials such as basalt fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber and the like not only have higher strength and modulus than common fiber, but also have excellent high temperature resistance, flame retardance and chemical stability, and occupy important positions in national economy and national defense industry, and have wide application prospects. Therefore, yarns spun based on high-rigidity brittle fiber materials and fabrics thereof have also received extensive attention from researchers.
However, the high-rigidity brittle fiber material is not enough in flexibility and is relatively brittle, so that the high-rigidity brittle fiber material is easy to break and generate scraps in the weaving process, and is not beneficial to subsequent production and processing; meanwhile, in the whole production and transportation process, the high-rigidity brittle fibers are also easily damaged, so that the surface fluffing phenomenon is serious. In addition, when yarns made of high-rigidity brittle fibers are plied, the bunching performance of fiber bundles is poor and the stranding phenomenon is serious due to factors such as uneven plying tension. Therefore, how to spin the high rigidity brittle fiber material into yarn and improve the wearability thereof is the focus of current research.
Patent publication No. CN102296389B provides a composite spinning device and a spinning method for coating a rigid filament with a chemical fiber filament, which uses a rigid filament as a core and coats the chemical fiber filament with the core, thereby solving the problems of high rigidity and brittleness and easy bending and brittle fracture of the fiber in rewinding and weaving processes, not only maintaining the high-strength and high-modulus characteristics of the carbon fiber, but also protecting the carbon fiber filament from being damaged in processing and use. However, when the rigid fiber is wrapped and spun by the conventional ring spinning technique, a sufficient amount of twist is required to completely wrap the rigid fiber filaments, so that the rigid fiber filaments can be completely wrapped, but the wrapped rigid fiber filaments in the yarn body are broken, and not only the high strength performance of the rigid fiber filaments cannot be effectively exerted, but also the broken fiber ends of the rigid fiber are easily exposed out of the yarn body to form burrs, which causes uncomfortable symptoms such as itching, skin allergy and the like when a wearer takes the yarn. To eliminate these discomfort symptoms, the factory also needs to use multiple fabric coverings, which adds to the weight of the wearer and complicates weaving. In addition, the excessive twist during twisting can also cause the excessive reverse twisting residual torque, so that the phenomenon of twist contraction occurs, the rigid fibers are easy to be entangled, and the subsequent processing and weaving process is influenced.
In view of the above, there is still a need to research a high-rigidity fragile fiber material non-destructive covering yarn, a spinning method thereof, and a fabric thereof, so as to improve the wearability of the yarn and the fabric thereof while maximally utilizing the high-strength performance thereof, and meet the requirements of practical applications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless cladding yarn, a spinning method and a fabric thereof aiming at the problems and application requirements, wherein forward composite twisting is carried out by adopting a ring spinning technology under the twist condition lower than the maximum breaking torque of a high-rigidity brittle fiber filament, and then reverse twisting is carried out by adopting a friction spinning technology, so that the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is lossless clad, and a composite yarn with a core-shell structure is formed; the core-shell structure composite yarn is twisted into a folded yarn with a core layer brittle fiber filament being not damaged through a two-for-one twister, and is woven together with a single core-shell structure composite yarn to form a high-strength fabric with excellent wearability (comfortable hand feeling and no itching feeling).
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a spinning method of a high-rigidity brittle fiber material undamaged cladding yarn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, outputting at least one high-rigidity brittle fiber filament unwound from a high-rigidity brittle fiber filament package from a front jaw of a ring spinning frame, feeding two groups of flexible fiber filaments unwound from a flexible fiber filament package and the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament into the front jaw at intervals in parallel, and enabling the two groups of flexible fiber filaments to be respectively positioned at two sides of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament, wherein each group of flexible fiber filaments comprises at least one flexible fiber filament; after the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament output by the front jaw is clamped by the two groups of flexible fiber filaments, carrying out forward twisting under the condition of a twist lower than the maximum breaking torque of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament to form a composite yarn core, and winding the composite yarn core to a bobbin for later use;
s2, the composite yarn core roll wound on the bobbin obtained in the step S1 is arranged on a bobbin supporting frame of a friction spinning machine, and the composite yarn unwound from the composite yarn core roll is axially fed between two dust cages rotating in the same direction on the friction spinning machine; feeding the flexible flame-retardant fiber strip into a roller drafting mechanism of a friction spinning machine, and drafting into a flexible flame-retardant fiber strand; the flexible flame-retardant fiber strands are combed into a flexible flame-retardant fiber flow under the action of a combing roller of a friction spinning machine; the flexible flame-retardant fiber flow enters a wedge-shaped area between the dust cages and is condensed on the surface of the dust cages in the wedge-shaped area to form condensed fiber strips, the two dust cages rotating in the same direction respectively apply upward and downward friction forces to the condensed fiber strips to form a rotating force opposite to the twisting direction of the composite yarn core, the condensed fiber strips are reversely twisted and are wrapped on the surface layer of the reversely untwisted composite yarn core to form the core-shell structure composite yarn taking the reversely untwisted composite yarn core as a core and the flexible flame-retardant fiber reversely twisted and wrapped as a shell, and the core-shell structure composite yarn is wound on a friction spinning bobbin for later use.
Further, the spinning method of the high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless covering yarn further comprises the step of doubling and twisting the core-shell structure composite yarn obtained in the step S2 into a strand, and the specific steps are as follows:
s3, winding the core-shell structure composite yarn unwound from at least two friction spinning bobbins onto a doubling bobbin to form a doubling bobbin package, and then arranging the doubling bobbin package on a two-for-one twister for doubling and twisting; and the twisting disc of the two-for-one twister rotates forwards, the doubled core-shell structure composite yarn is twisted forwards, the reverse twist composite yarn core in the single core-shell structure composite yarn is untwisted to a non-twist state, and the doubled yarn is twisted to form the core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarn.
Further, the twisting direction of the forward twisting is Z, and the twisting direction of the reverse twisting is S; or the twisting direction of the forward twisting is S, and the twisting direction of the reverse twisting is Z.
Further, the twist of the reverse twist in step S2 is 2 times the twist of the forward twist in step S1.
Further, in step S1, the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is a basalt fiber filament, a glass fiber filament, a quartz fiber filament, or a carbon fiber filament; the flexible fiber filament is water-soluble vinylon filament, polyester filament, polypropylene filament, nylon filament or viscose filament.
Further, in step S2, the flexible flame-retardant fiber is one of a polyimide fiber, a polyphenylene sulfide fiber, an polysulfonamide fiber, or a polytetrafluoroethylene fiber.
Further, the twist of the forward twist in step S3 is 0.5 times the twist of the reverse twist in step S2.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention further provides a high-rigidity fragile fiber material lossless coating yarn, which comprises a single yarn and a plied yarn, wherein the single yarn is a single core-shell structure composite yarn prepared according to the technical scheme, and the plied yarn is a core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarn prepared according to the technical scheme.
The invention also provides a fabric which is woven by the lossless covering yarns of the high-rigidity fragile fiber material.
Furthermore, the warp yarns of the fabric are the core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarns, and the weft yarns of the fabric are single core-shell structure composite yarns.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can lead the high rigidity brittle fiber filament to be coated without damage by adopting the ring spinning technology to carry out forward composite twisting under the twist condition lower than the maximum breaking torque of the high rigidity brittle fiber filament and then adopting the friction spinning technology to carry out reverse twisting, thus forming the composite yarn with the core-shell structure. In addition, the core-shell structure composite yarn is twisted into a folded yarn without damaging the brittle fiber filaments of the core layer through a two-for-one twister, and is woven together with a single core-shell structure composite yarn to form the high-strength fabric with excellent wearability (comfortable hand feeling and no itching feeling).
2. The twisting torque of the ring spinning machine is lower than the maximum breaking torque of the high-rigidity fiber filament by controlling the twist of the ring spinning process, so that the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament can be prevented from breaking, and the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament can be coated without damage; meanwhile, the composite yarn core formed by the high-rigidity fiber filaments and the flexible fiber filaments obtained by ring spinning is continuously subjected to friction spinning, and a revolving force opposite to the twisting direction of the composite yarn core can be formed by two dust cages revolving in the same direction in a friction spinning machine, so that the composite yarn core is coated by the flexible flame-retardant fibers under the condition of not continuously increasing the twist of the composite yarn core, and the high-rigidity brittle fiber filaments are completely coated. Through the synergistic effect of the ring spinning and the friction spinning, the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is completely coated under the condition that the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is prevented from being damaged, the problems of breakage, burrs, twisting shrinkage and the like of the high-rigidity brittle fiber caused by coating by increasing the twist in the prior art are avoided, so that the high-strength performance of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is shown to the maximum extent, the influence of the brittleness on the product performance in the production process is reduced, and the wearability of the fabric is improved.
3. The core-shell structure composite yarn is twisted into a stranded yarn by a two-for-one twister, and the twisted core-shell structure composite yarn is twisted forward by controlling the two-for-one twister, so that the reverse twist composite yarn core in the single core-shell structure composite yarn is untwisted to a non-twist state, and the stranded yarn is twisted to form the core-shell structure composite yarn stranded yarn. The process not only can effectively twist the single core-shell structure composite yarn into strands, but also can improve the mechanical property of the composite yarn; the high-rigidity brittle fiber breakage caused by the increase of the twist due to the traditional homodromous twisting can be avoided, so that the high-rigidity brittle fiber in the core-shell structure composite yarn still keeps an undamaged state in the cabling process, and the wearability of the fabric is further improved.
4. The high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless coating spinning method provided by the invention is simple and easy for industrial large-scale production, and the prepared high-rigidity brittle fiber lossless coating yarn and the high-rigidity brittle fiber material in the fabric thereof are completely coated, are not easy to break to generate burrs during integral spinning, weaving and wearing, do not need multiple fabric coatings, reduce the uncomfortable feeling and the load bearing feeling of wearing, have better wearing performance, can meet the requirements of practical application, and have higher application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ring spinning device used in a nondestructive coating spinning method for a high-rigidity brittle fiber material provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction spinning device used in the nondestructive coating spinning method for the high-rigidity brittle fiber material provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation of a fabric prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing of an embodiment of the non-destructive covering yarn of the brittle high-rigidity fiber material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation of a fabric made in example 2 of the present invention;
the parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: 1. a first stationary wire guide device; 2. a second stationary wire guide device; 3. a front roller; 4. a front leather roller; 5. a ring spinning guide hook; 6. a bead ring; 7. a ring; 8. a bobbin; 9. a bobbin supporting frame; 10. a yarn guide hole; 11. a warp tension sheet; 12. a dust cage; 13. a roller drafting mechanism; 14. carding rollers; 15. a first yarn guide roller; 16. a second yarn guide roller; 17. a friction spinning guide hook; 18. a yarn guide traverse device; 19. and (4) a grooved drum.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a spinning method of high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless cladding yarn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, outputting at least one high-rigidity brittle fiber filament unwound from a high-rigidity brittle fiber filament package from a front jaw of a ring spinning frame, feeding two groups of flexible fiber filaments unwound from a flexible fiber filament package and the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament into the front jaw at intervals in parallel, and enabling the two groups of flexible fiber filaments to be respectively positioned at two sides of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament, wherein each group of flexible fiber filaments comprises at least one flexible fiber filament; after the high-rigidity brittle fiber filaments output by the front jaw are clamped by the two groups of flexible fiber filaments, carrying out forward twisting under the condition of a twist lower than the maximum breaking torque of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filaments to form a composite yarn core, and winding the composite yarn core to a bobbin 8 for later use;
s2, the composite yarn core roll wound on the bobbin 8 obtained in the step S1 is arranged on a bobbin supporting frame 9 of a friction spinning machine, and the composite yarn unwound from the composite yarn core roll is axially fed between two dust cages 12 rotating in the same direction on the friction spinning machine; feeding the flexible flame-retardant fiber strips into a roller drafting mechanism 13 of a friction spinning machine, and drafting the flexible flame-retardant fiber strips into flexible flame-retardant fiber strands; the flexible flame-retardant fiber strands are combed into a flexible flame-retardant fiber flow under the action of a combing roller 14 of a friction spinning machine; the flexible flame-retardant fiber flows into a wedge-shaped area between the dust cages 12 and is condensed on the surfaces of the dust cages 12 in the wedge-shaped area to form condensed fiber strips, the two dust cages 12 rotating in the same direction respectively apply upward and downward friction forces to the condensed fiber strips to form a rotating force opposite to the twisting direction of the composite yarn core, the condensed fiber strips are reversely twisted and are wrapped on the surface layer of the reversely untwisted composite yarn core to form the core-shell structure composite yarn taking the reversely untwisted composite yarn core as a core and the flexible flame-retardant fiber reversely twisted and wrapped as a shell, and the core-shell structure composite yarn is wound on a friction spinning bobbin for later use.
The spinning method of the high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless covering yarn further comprises the step of doubling and twisting the core-shell structure composite yarn obtained in the step S2 into a stranded yarn, and the specific steps are as follows:
s3, winding the core-shell structure composite yarn unwound from at least two friction spinning bobbins onto a doubling bobbin to form a doubling bobbin package, and then arranging the doubling bobbin package on a two-for-one twister for doubling and twisting; and the twisting disc of the two-for-one twister rotates forwards, the doubled core-shell structure composite yarn is twisted forwards, the reverse twist composite yarn core in the single core-shell structure composite yarn is untwisted to a non-twist state, and the doubled yarn is twisted to form the core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarn.
The twisting direction of the forward twisting is Z, and the twisting direction of the reverse twisting is S; or the twisting direction of the forward twisting is S, and the twisting direction of the reverse twisting is Z.
The twist of the reverse twist in step S2 is 2 times the twist of the forward twist in step S1.
In step S1, the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is a basalt fiber filament, a glass fiber filament, a quartz fiber filament, or a carbon fiber filament; the flexible fiber filament is water-soluble vinylon filament, polyester filament, polypropylene filament, nylon filament or viscose filament.
In step S2, the flexible flame-retardant fiber is one of polyimide fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polysulfonamide fiber, or polytetrafluoroethylene fiber.
The twist of the forward twist in step S3 is 0.5 times the twist of the reverse twist in step S2.
The invention also provides high-rigidity fragile fiber material lossless coating yarns, which comprise single yarns and plied yarns, wherein the single yarns are single core-shell structure composite yarns prepared according to the technical scheme, and the plied yarns are core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarns prepared according to the technical scheme.
The invention also provides a fabric which is woven by the lossless covering yarns of the high-rigidity fragile fiber material.
The warp yarns of the fabric are the core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarns, and the weft yarns of the fabric are single core-shell structure composite yarns.
The invention provides a high rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructive cladding yarn, a spinning method and a fabric thereof, which are further described in detail by specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a spinning method of a high-rigidity fragile fiber material lossless covering yarn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, twisting the flexible fiber compositely
Referring to fig. 1, on each drafting mechanism of the ring spinning frame, a basalt fiber filament unwound from a basalt fiber filament reel located on a positive unwinding device is output through a front nip composed of a front roller 3 and a front leather roller 4 by a first fixed type thread guide device 1; simultaneously, two water-soluble vinylon filaments unwound from the water-soluble vinylon filaments wound on the positive unwinding device are fed into a front jaw in parallel at intervals through a second fixed yarn guide device 2, the two water-soluble vinylon filaments are respectively positioned at two sides of the basalt filament, the two water-soluble vinylon filaments output from the front jaw are converged with one basalt filament, the basalt filament is clamped by the two water-soluble vinylon filaments, forward twisting is carried out under the condition of being lower than the maximum breaking torque of the basalt filament, the basalt filament and the water-soluble vinylon filament are twisted into a composite yarn core, the composite yarn core enters an adjacent ring spinning guide hook 5 positioned obliquely below the front jaw in a left oblique mode, and the composite yarn core after entering the ring spinning guide hook 5 sequentially passes through a corresponding steel wire ring 6, The ring 7, finally wound onto the bobbin 8.
In the above ring spinning process, the type of the ring spinning machine used is HFX-a6, and the parameters are respectively set as follows: ring rotation speed 5000r/min, front thread speed 16.00m/min, twist 312T/m, front zone draft 30.76, total draft 43.24, and twist direction Z. In this embodiment, the twist is set to 312T/m, which can ensure that the torque of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament twisted under the twist is lower than the maximum breaking torque thereof, thereby preventing the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament from breaking and realizing the lossless coating of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament. In other embodiments, the twist can be adjusted such that the torque of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filaments at the twist is lower than the maximum breaking torque thereof, preferably 180 to 370T/m.
S2 core-spun yarn with reverse twist by friction spinning
Referring to fig. 2, the basalt fiber filament and water-soluble vinylon filament composite yarn core wound on a bobbin 8 is wound on a bobbin supporting frame 9 of a friction spinning machine, and the basalt fiber filament and water-soluble vinylon filament composite yarn unwound from the bobbin package passes through a yarn guide hole 10 and is axially fed between two dust cages 12 rotating in the same direction on the friction spinning machine through a tension sheet 11; feeding a flexible polyimide fiber raw sliver into a roller drafting mechanism 13, carding and decomposing the raw sliver into single fibers by a carding roller 14, enabling the polyimide fiber to fall into a wedge-shaped groove between two dust cages 12 due to the suction force in the dust cages 12, enabling the two dust cages 12 to rotate in the same direction, enabling one to generate an upward friction force on a condensed fiber strand and enabling the other to generate a downward friction force on the condensed fiber strand, so as to form a rotating force opposite to the twisting direction of the basalt fiber filament and water-soluble vinylon filament composite yarn core, coating the polyimide fiber on the surface of a untwisted composite yarn core to obtain a reversely twisted composite yarn core, and manufacturing a core-shell structure composite yarn taking the reversely twisted composite yarn core as a core and the polyimide fiber as a shell, wherein the core-shell structure composite yarn is drawn out of a dust cage jaw line by a first yarn guide roller 15 and a second yarn guide roller 16 and sequentially passes through a friction spinning guide hook 17, a yarn guide hook 16 and a second yarn guide roller 16, The yarn guide traverse 18 and the grooved drum 19 are finally wound on a friction spinning bobbin.
In the friction spinning process, the type of the used friction spinning machine is HFX-02, and the parameters are respectively set as follows: 3500r/min of carding roller, 2000r/min of friction roller, 6.00m/min of output speed and 6.4m/min of coiling speed; twist 624T/m, twist direction S; the feeding speed of the polyimide fiber is 0.6 m/min.
By the spinning method, the single composite yarn with the core-shell structure is obtained, the basalt fiber and water-soluble vinylon filament composite yarn core positioned in the core layer is completely coated, the yarn is formed uniformly, the surface of the yarn is smooth, burrs generated by breakage of the basalt fiber do not exist, the wearability is excellent, and the requirements of practical application can be met.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a spinning method of a high-rigidity fragile fiber material lossless covering yarn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, twisting the flexible fiber compositely
S2 core-spun yarn with reverse twist by friction spinning
S3 and twisting into strands
In the above steps, steps S1 and S2 are both the same as in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again, and the specific process of step S3 is as follows:
the core-shell structure composite yarn unwound from the two friction spinning bobbin packages is wound on a doubling bobbin through a thread guide of the doubling machine, a tensioner and a doubling machine winding groove drum in sequence on each winding mechanism of the doubling machine to form a doubling bobbin package. The doubling bobbin package is respectively arranged in a yarn storage tank of a two-for-one twister, each doubling unwound from the doubling bobbin package respectively passes through a flyer of the two-for-one twister, enters a hollow shaft of a hollow spindle of the two-for-one twister, sequentially passes through a tensioner in the hollow shaft and a yarn inlet pipe in a positioning sleeve of the two-for-one twister, is led out from a yarn outlet pipe of a twisting disc of the two-for-one twister, then passes through a yarn guide ring and enters a jaw of a yarn guide roller, under the combined action of the jaw of the yarn guide roller and the tensioner, a fiber strip positioned from the tensioner to the jaw section of the yarn guide roller is subjected to a drawing acting force, the drawing acting force draws fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increase the fiber orientation, under the combined action of inner magnetic steel and fixed magnetic steel arranged on the two-for-two-for-two, enabling the reverse twist composite yarn core in the single core-shell structure composite yarn to untwist to a non-twist state, and meanwhile, doubling and twisting to form a core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarn; the formed core-shell composite yarn plied yarn sequentially passes through a yarn guide hook of a two-for-one twister, a yarn guide traversing gear of the two-for-one twister and a groove drum of the two-for-one twister, and is finally wound on a bobbin of the two-for-one twister.
In the above process, the parameters of the two-for-one twister are respectively set as follows: the rotating speed of the ring spindle is 4097r/min, the speed of the thread is 18.00m/min, the twist is 312T/m and the twisting direction is Z.
The core-shell structure composite yarn and the plied yarn thereof prepared by the method can also be used for weaving fabrics, and the weaving process is as follows:
with reference to fig. 3, the core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarn prepared in step S3 of this embodiment is used as warp yarn, the single core-shell structure composite yarn prepared in step S2 of this embodiment is used as weft yarn, and an SGA598-SD type semi-automatic prototype is used for weaving, and the weave structure is set to be plain weave, reed number 60, and width 15, so as to obtain the woven fabric woven by the core-shell structure composite yarn prepared in this embodiment and plied yarn thereof.
The real object diagrams of the core-shell structure composite yarn strand and the fabric thereof prepared by the above process are respectively shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 4, the core-shell structure composite strand prepared in this example has uniform yarn formation, the basalt fiber inside the yarn is completely coated, no burr generated by breakage is seen, and the surface of the yarn body is smooth. As can be seen from fig. 5, the fabric woven by the core-shell structure composite yarn and the plied yarn thereof prepared in the embodiment has no obvious burrs on the surface, does not need to be additionally provided with multiple fabric covers, can keep light, thin and soft, and improves the comfort in the wearing process.
In addition, the mechanical properties of the core-shell structure composite yarn strand prepared in this example were further tested, and the breaking strength was 30N and the elongation at break was 1.8%.
Therefore, the spinning method provided by the embodiment can utilize the high-strength performance of the basalt fiber to the maximum extent by performing lossless cladding on the basalt fiber with high rigidity and brittleness, so that the prepared core-shell structure composite yarn strand has high breaking strength, and the requirement of practical application is met.
Examples 3 to 4
TABLE 1 types of brittle fiber materials with high rigidity and corresponding parameters in examples 3-4
According to the parameters listed in table 1, in examples 3 to 4, high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless wrapping yarns are respectively prepared, and the yarns are core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarns. The mechanical properties of the high-rigidity brittle fiber materials prepared in examples 3 to 4 were further tested, and the results are shown in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless covering yarns prepared in the examples 3-4 have high breaking strength and appropriate breaking elongation. And the yarn surface is smooth, the internal high-rigidity brittle fiber is completely coated, and no burr is generated by internal fiber fracture. The spinning method provided by the invention can be used for carrying out lossless cladding on the basalt fiber, the glass fiber and the carbon fiber which have high rigidity and brittleness, so that the high-strength performance of the fiber is utilized to the maximum extent, and the prepared core-shell structure composite yarn has higher breaking strength; and the technological parameters of the spinning process can be regulated and controlled according to actual requirements, and the requirements of actual production and application can be met.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of high-rigidity brittle fiber materials prepared in examples 3-4 without damaging the covered yarn
| Examples | Breaking strength | Elongation at break |
| Example 3 | 31N | 2.7％ |
| Example 4 | 35N | 1.5％ |
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a spinning method of a high-rigidity brittle fiber material covered yarn, and compared with example 2, the difference is that comparative example 1 only adopts a ring spinning technology to prepare a single basalt fiber filament and water-soluble vinylon filament composite fiber, and carries out cabling through a two-for-one twister, and friction spinning is not carried out in the whole spinning process.
In the above manner, comparative example 1 prepared a high-rigidity brittle fiber material-covered yarn; the mechanical properties of the yarn were tested and found to be 7.6N at break and 3.8% at break.
Compared with the mechanical property data of example 2, it can be seen that the high-rigidity brittle fiber material coated yarn prepared by the method provided by the invention has obviously higher breaking strength. The invention mainly adopts the ring spinning technology to implement forward composite twisting under the condition of lower than the maximum breaking torque of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament, and then adopts the friction spinning technology to implement reverse twisting, so that the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament can be completely coated under the condition of ensuring the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament to be undamaged, and the problems of breakage, burr, twist shrinkage and the like of the high-rigidity brittle fiber, which are easily caused by overlarge twist when the ring spinning technology is only used for coating in the prior art, are solved, therefore, the high-strength performance of the high-rigidity brittle fiber is utilized to the maximum extent, the influence of the brittleness on the production process is reduced, the mechanical strength of the yarn is improved, and the wearability of the fabric is ensured.
In conclusion, the high-rigidity brittle fibers clamped by the flexible fibers are subjected to forward composite twisting under the condition that the maximum breaking torque of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filaments is lower than that of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filaments, so that the composite yarn core is formed; then, the composite yarn core is twisted reversely by adopting a friction spinning technology, and the surface of the composite yarn core twisted reversely is coated with the flexible flame-retardant fiber to form the core-shell structure composite yarn; the core-shell structure composite yarn can be twisted in the positive direction by a two-for-one twister and twisted into a strand, and is woven together with a single core-shell structure composite yarn to form a fabric with excellent wearability. Through the mode, the high-rigidity brittle fiber can be completely coated under the condition that high-rigidity brittle fiber filaments are prevented from being damaged, so that the high-strength performance of the high-rigidity brittle fiber is utilized to the maximum extent, the influence of brittleness on the product performance in the production process is reduced, and the wearability of the fabric is guaranteed.
It should be noted that, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament may be a basalt fiber filament, a glass fiber filament, a quartz fiber filament, or a carbon fiber filament, the flexible fiber filament may be a water-soluble vinylon filament, a polyester filament, a polypropylene fiber filament, a chinlon filament, or a viscose filament, and the flexible flame-retardant fiber is a polyimide fiber, a polyphenylene sulfide fiber, an polysulfonamide fiber, or a polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; all the equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spinning method of high-rigidity fragile fiber material lossless cladding yarn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, outputting at least one high-rigidity brittle fiber filament unwound from a high-rigidity brittle fiber filament package from a front jaw of a ring spinning frame, feeding two groups of flexible fiber filaments unwound from a flexible fiber filament package and the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament into the front jaw at intervals in parallel, and enabling the two groups of flexible fiber filaments to be respectively positioned at two sides of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament, wherein each group of flexible fiber filaments comprises at least one flexible fiber filament; after the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament output by the front jaw is clamped by the two groups of flexible fiber filaments, carrying out forward twisting under the condition of a twist lower than the maximum breaking torque of the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament to form a composite yarn core, and winding the composite yarn core to a bobbin for later use;
s2, the composite yarn core roll wound on the bobbin obtained in the step S1 is arranged on a bobbin supporting frame of a friction spinning machine, and the composite yarn unwound from the composite yarn core roll is axially fed between two dust cages rotating in the same direction on the friction spinning machine; feeding the flexible flame-retardant fiber strip into a roller drafting mechanism of a friction spinning machine, and drafting into a flexible flame-retardant fiber strand; the flexible flame-retardant fiber strands are combed into a flexible flame-retardant fiber flow under the action of a combing roller of a friction spinning machine; the flexible flame-retardant fiber flow enters a wedge-shaped area between the dust cages and is condensed on the surface of the dust cages in the wedge-shaped area to form condensed fiber strips, the two dust cages rotating in the same direction respectively apply upward and downward friction forces to the condensed fiber strips to form a rotating force opposite to the twisting direction of the composite yarn core, the condensed fiber strips are reversely twisted and are wrapped on the surface layer of the reversely untwisted composite yarn core to form the core-shell structure composite yarn taking the reversely untwisted composite yarn core as a core and the flexible flame-retardant fiber reversely twisted and wrapped as a shell, and the core-shell structure composite yarn is wound on a friction spinning bobbin for later use.
2. A method for spinning a high-rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructively covered yarn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spinning method of the high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless covering yarn further comprises the step of doubling and twisting the core-shell structure composite yarn obtained in the step S2 into a stranded yarn, and the specific steps are as follows:
s3, winding the core-shell structure composite yarn unwound from at least two friction spinning bobbins onto a doubling bobbin to form a doubling bobbin package, and then arranging the doubling bobbin package on a two-for-one twister for doubling and twisting; and the twisting disc of the two-for-one twister rotates forwards, the doubled core-shell structure composite yarn is twisted forwards, the reverse twist composite yarn core in the single core-shell structure composite yarn is untwisted to a non-twist state, and the doubled yarn is twisted to form the core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarn.
3. A method for spinning a high-rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructively covered yarn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the twisting direction of the forward twisting is Z, and the twisting direction of the reverse twisting is S; or the twisting direction of the forward twisting is S, and the twisting direction of the reverse twisting is Z.
4. A method for spinning a high-rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructively covered yarn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the twist of the reverse twist in step S2 is 2 times the twist of the forward twist in step S1.
5. A method for spinning a high-rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructively covered yarn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the high-rigidity brittle fiber filament is a basalt fiber filament, a glass fiber filament, a quartz fiber filament, or a carbon fiber filament; the flexible fiber filament is water-soluble vinylon filament, polyester filament, polypropylene filament, nylon filament or viscose filament.
6. A method for spinning a high-rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructively covered yarn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the flexible flame-retardant fiber is a polyimide fiber or a polyphenylene sulfide fiber or a polysulfonamide fiber or a polytetrafluoroethylene fiber.
7. A method for spinning a high-rigidity brittle fiber material nondestructively covered yarn as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the twist of the forward twist in step S3 is 0.5 times the twist of the reverse twist in step S2.
8. The high-rigidity brittle fiber material lossless covering yarn is characterized in that: the high-rigidity fragile fiber material lossless coating yarn comprises a single yarn and a folded yarn, wherein the single yarn is a single composite yarn with the core-shell structure prepared by the spinning method according to claim 1, and the folded yarn is a composite yarn with the core-shell structure prepared by the spinning method according to any one of claims 2 to 7.
9. A fabric, characterized by: the fabric is woven by the high-rigidity fragile fiber material nondestructive covering yarn of claim 8.
10. A fabric according to claim 9, wherein: the warp yarns of the fabric are the core-shell structure composite yarn plied yarns, and the weft yarns of the fabric are single core-shell structure composite yarns.
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