CN111955248B - 一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜及其制备方法，该地膜由白层、复合层、黑层三层膜组成，各层按照一定的原料配比通过特殊的工艺复合而成，针对现有技术中二层黑白相间配色地膜黑白拼接处易开裂、易老化及黑色部分出现热穿孔的问题，研制出了全新的三层复合特殊工艺配方和设备技术，膜的白色复合层为整片，内外两层分别为黑色和白色覆膜层，打破了传统的二层拼接复合的工艺方法，该发明的技术方案采用了新型优质的原辅材料，特殊的工艺配方，经三层特殊结构的模头、三台挤出机共挤复合吹塑而成，使配色地膜产品的质量更稳定，不易开裂和老化，实现了同片膜黑白分界处不开裂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于现代农业技术领域，具体涉及一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
2010年以来，随着农业现代化技术的发展进步，聚乙烯二层黑白相间配色地膜在农业蔬菜、烟草等领域覆盖栽培应用取得了明显的功能效果，白色层种植作物，保温保墒；黑色层物理除草和调节温度。对推动农作物增产增收、降低劳动强度和生产成本做出了一定的贡献。
黑白双色地膜在粮食、蔬菜、烟草、等农作物的应用上非常重要，它起到了生产高效丰产的作用，但是多年应用以来，在覆膜使用期间，黑白拼接处出现开裂，黑色部分出现热穿孔的问题，严重影响了农民的收益，增加了农民的投资。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：为解决以上现有技术中聚乙烯二层黑白相间配色地膜黑白拼接处易开裂、易老化及黑色部分出现热穿孔的问题，本发明提供了一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜及其制备方法，打破了传统的二层拼接复合的工艺方法，采用新型优质的原辅材料，特殊的工艺配方，经三台挤出机共挤复合吹塑而成，使配色地膜产品的质量更稳定，不易开裂和老化。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜，该发明所述的地膜由三层膜通过特殊的工艺复合而成，所述的三层膜分别为白层、复合层、黑层，按照重量百分比算，三层膜的混合比例为白层10％-15％、复合层40％-55％、黑层30％-45％。
具体地，按照重量百分比算，所述白层的原料配比如下：
25-35％的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，该LLDPE具体为兰化线型料7042；
4-8％的茂金属线型聚乙烯(mPE)，该mPE具体为茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS；
25-35％的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，该LLDPE具体为兰化线型料7042N；
7.5-12.5％的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)，该LDPE具体为中天100PC；
4-6％的低压聚乙烯(HDPE)，该HDPE具体为兰化低压料5000S；
10-20％的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，该LLDPE具体为独山子线型料118WJ；
2.5-5％改性增强助剂，该改性增强助剂型号具体为1500-2500目；
1.5-2.5％地膜专用耐老化母料，该专用耐老化母料具体为地膜专用耐老化362。
具体地，按照重量百分比算，所述复合层的原料配比如下：
50-60％的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，该LLDPE具体为兰化线型料7042；
4-6％的茂金属线型聚乙烯(mPE)，该mPE具体为茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS；
30-50％的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，该LLDPE具体为兰化线型料7042N；
5-7.5％的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)，该LDPE具体为中天100PC；
1.5-2.5％的地膜专用耐老化母料，该专用耐老化母料具体为地膜专用耐老化362。
具体地，按照重量百分比算，所述黑层的原料配比如下：
40-50％的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，该LLDPE具体为兰化线型料7042；
40-60％的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，该LLDPE具体为兰化线型料7042N；
5-10％的黑色母料，该黑色母料具体为黑色母料(中艺4281)。
以上所述地膜的中间层为整片白色，内外两层分别黑色和白色覆膜层，所述地膜三层的设计避免了传统黑白配色地膜的黑白复合处易开裂的问题。
所述地膜的白色透明部位播种或栽苗，能时日光透过，提高地温，黑色部位遮光，阻止杂草生长，气温升高季节，黑色部位还可以降低地温，利于作物生长，。
所述聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜的制备方法如下：(1)所述白层的供料系统将一定配比的LLDPE、LDPE、mPE、HDPE、耐老化母料进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；(2)所述复合层的供料系统将一定配比的LLDPE、LDPE、mPE、耐老化母料进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；(3)所述黑层的供料系统将一定配比的LLDPE、黑母料进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；(4)模头系统对白层、复合层、黑层按照白层10％-15％、复合层40％-55％、黑层30％-45％的配比比例进行配比塑化挤出、复合吹胀出黑白配色地膜，进行分切收卷、自动卸卷、自动称重、检验合格后入库，即制得聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜。
所述聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜用于粮食、蔬菜、烟草、等农作物的栽培过程中。
相较于现有技术，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)针对现有技术中存在的二层黑白相间配色地膜黑白拼接处易开裂、易老化及黑色部分出现热穿孔的问题，研制出了全新的三层复合特殊工艺配方和设备技术，膜的白色复合层为整片，内外两层分别为黑色和白色覆膜层，打破了传统的二层拼接复合的工艺方法而导致的膜的黑白拼接处在使用期间易开裂出现质量问题，该发明的技术方案采用了新型优质的原辅材料，特殊的工艺配方，经三层特殊结构的模头、三台挤出机共挤复合吹塑而成，使配色地膜产品的质量更稳定，不易开裂和老化，完美解决了同片膜黑白分界处不开裂的问题。
(2)本发明技术方案设计的三层黑白相间地膜的白色部分在中间，能播种或栽苗，具有提温、保温、保墒功能，可使日光透过，提高地温；地膜的黑色部分在两边，黑色部位遮光，阻止杂草生长，减少了人工清除杂草的劳动量，气温升高季节，黑色部位还可以降低地温，利于作物生长。相同条件下，比一般黑色地膜降低地温约2-4℃；保持土壤湿度及松软度透气，白天膜下低温水分蒸发减少，晚上膜下高温有利作物生长，具有良好调温作用；因以上因素使作物根系强壮，产量也大幅增加，肥料施在地膜内不会被暴雨冲失掉；可节省农药及肥料的使用成本，减少除草、施药、施肥等人工成本。本发明设计新颖且合理，降低了人工清除杂草的劳动量，每年在种植过程中聘请大量的除草工人，使用本产品后，不用除草，劳动量减少100％，每亩还可减少一个工人200元左右的工资。减少农民投资，增加农民收入。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜的基本工艺配方；
图2为本发明一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜制备方法的工艺流程。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜，按照重量百分比算，原料配比如下：
白层：34％兰化线型料7042，4％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS，35％兰化线型料7042N、7％中天100PC、6％兰化低压料5000S、10％独山子线型料118WJ、2.5％增强助剂、1.5％地膜专用耐老化362；
复合层：58％兰化线型料7042、5％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS、30.5％兰化线型料7042N、5％中天100PC、1.5％地膜专用耐老化362；
黑层：40％兰化线型料7042、50％兰化线型料7042N、10％黑色母料中艺4281。
该聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜的制备方法如下：
(1)白层的供料系统将34％兰化线型料7042，4％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS，35％兰化线型料7042N、7％中天100PC、6％兰化低压料5000S、10％独山子线型料118WJ、2.5％增强助剂、1.5％地膜专用耐老化362进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(2)所述复合层的供料系统将58％兰化线型料7042、5％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS、30.5％兰化线型料7042N、5％中天100PC、1.5％地膜专用耐老化362进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(3)所述黑层的供料系统将：40％兰化线型料7042、50％兰化线型料7042N、10％黑色母料中艺4281进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(4)模头系统对白层、复合层、黑层按照白层10％、复合层50％、黑层40％的配比比例进行配比塑化挤出、复合吹胀出黑白配色地膜，进行分切收卷、自动卸卷、自动称重、检验合格后入库，即可完成整个制备过程。
实施例2
一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜，按照重量百分比算，原料配比如下：
白层：25％兰化线型料7042，8％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS，30％兰化线型料7042N、12％中天100PC、5％兰化低压料5000S、15％独山子线型料118WJ、3％增强助剂、2％地膜专用耐老化362；
复合层：50％兰化线型料7042、4％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS、36.5％兰化线型料7042N、7％中天100PC、2.5％地膜专用耐老化362；
黑层：50％兰化线型料7042、41％兰化线型料7042N、9％黑色母料中艺4281。
该聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜的制备方法如下：
(1)白层的供料系统将25％兰化线型料7042，8％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS，30％兰化线型料7042N、12％中天100PC、5％兰化低压料5000S、15％独山子线型料118WJ、3％增强助剂、2％地膜专用耐老化362进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(2)所述复合层的供料系统将50％兰化线型料7042、4％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS、36.5％兰化线型料7042N、7％中天100PC、2.5％地膜专用耐老化362进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(3)所述黑层的供料系统将：50％兰化线型料7042、41％兰化线型料7042N、9％黑色母料中艺4281进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(4)模头系统对白层、复合层、黑层按照白层15％、复合层40％、黑层45％的配比比例进行配比塑化挤出、复合吹胀出黑白配色地膜，进行分切收卷、自动卸卷、自动称重、检验合格后入库，即可完成整个制备过程。
实施例3
一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜，按照重量百分比算，原料配比如下：
白层：30％兰化线型料7042，6％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS，26％兰化线型料7042N、9％中天100PC、4％兰化低压料5000S、18％独山子线型料118WJ、4.5％增强助剂、2.5％地膜专用耐老化362；
复合层：49％兰化线型料7042、4％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS、41％兰化线型料7042N、4.5％中天100PC、1.5％地膜专用耐老化362；
黑层：38％兰化线型料7042、57％兰化线型料7042N、5％黑色母料中艺4281。
该聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜的制备方法如下：
(1)白层的供料系统将30％兰化线型料7042，6％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS，26％兰化线型料7042N、9％中天100PC、4％兰化低压料5000S、18％独山子线型料118WJ、4.5％增强助剂、2.5％地膜专用耐老化362进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(2)所述复合层的供料系统将49％兰化线型料7042、4％茂金属线型聚乙烯NX9999SS、41％兰化线型料7042N、4.5％中天100PC、1.5％地膜专用耐老化362进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(3)所述黑层的供料系统将38％兰化线型料7042、57％兰化线型料7042N、5％黑色母料中艺4281进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；
(4)模头系统对白层、复合层、黑层按照白层10％、复合层55％、黑层30％的配比比例进行配比塑化挤出、复合吹胀出黑白配色地膜，进行分切收卷、自动卸卷、自动称重、检验合格后入库，即可完成整个制备过程。
实施例4
将通过以上配方及制备方法制备得到的聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜各方面的机械性能进行了专业检测，将各项检测数据与国家标准GB13735-2017进行比较，具体检测结果详见下表：
表1聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜物理机械性能检测报告
使用本发明技术方案制备得到的聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜各项指标都远远超出国家标准规定的各项指标，取得了良好的效果指标，该地膜的覆膜后白色透明部位播种或栽苗，能时日光透过，提高地温达2倍以上；黑色部位遮光，阻止杂草生长，减少了人工清除杂草的劳动量；气温升高季节，黑色部位还可以降低地温，利于作物生长。本发明提供的技术方案采用三层复合特殊工艺配方和设备技术，该地膜的使用寿命也大大延长了，膜的白色复合层为整片，内外两层分别黑色和白色覆膜层，颠覆了传统的二层拼接复合的工艺方法，解决了传统的二层拼接复合的工艺方法会导致黑白拼接处在使用期间易开裂，出现质量不稳定的问题。
以上仅为本发明优选的实施方式，于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜，其特征在于，所述地膜由三层膜通过特殊的工艺复合而成，所述三层膜分别为白层、复合层、黑层，按照质量百分比算，所述白层、复合层、黑层三层膜的混合比例为白层10%-15%、复合层40%-55%、黑层30%-45%，按照重量百分比算，所述白层的原料配比为：25-35%的兰化线性料7042型LLDPE；4-8％的mPE,所述mPE具体为茂金属线性聚乙烯NX9999SS；25-35%的兰化线性料7042N型LLDPE；7.5-12.5％的LDPE，所述LDPE具体为中天100PC；4-6％的HDPE，所述HDPE具体为兰化低压料5000S；10-20%的独山子线性料118WJ型LLDPE；2.5-5％改性增强助剂，所述改性增强助剂型号具体为1500-2500目；1.5-2.5％地膜专用耐老化母料，所述地膜专用耐老化母料具体为地膜专用耐老化362；按照重量百分比算，所述复合层的原料配比为：50-60%的兰化线性料7042型LLDPE；4-6％的mPE，所述mPE具体为茂金属线性聚乙烯NX9999SS；30-50%的兰化线性料7042N型LLDPE；5-7.5％的LDPE，所述LDPE具体为中天100PC；1.5-2.5％的地膜专用耐老化母料，所述地膜专用耐老化母料具体为地膜专用耐老化362；按照重量百分比算，所述黑层的原料配比为：40-50%的兰化线性料7042型LLDPE；40-60%的兰化线性料7042N型LLDPE；5-10%的黑色母料，所述黑色母料具体为中艺4281；所述地膜的中间层为整片白色复合层，内外两层分别黑色和白色覆膜层，所述地膜的黑白相间配色为白色部分在中间，黑色部分在两边。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜的制备方法，其特征在于，如下过程：（1）所述白层的供料系统将一定配比的兰化线性料7042N型LLDPE、兰化线性料7042型LLDPE、独山子线性料118WJ型LLDPE、LDPE、mPE、HDPE、地膜专用耐老化母料、改性增强助剂进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；（2）所述复合层的供料系统将一定配比的兰化线性料7042型LLDPE、兰化线性料7042N型LLDPE、LDPE、mPE、地膜专用耐老化母料进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；（3）所述黑层的供料系统将一定配比的兰化线性料7042型LLDPE、兰化线性料7042N型LLDPE、黑色母料进行投料搅拌对特殊模头进行供料；（4）模头系统对白层、复合层、黑层按照白层10%-15%、复合层40%-55%、黑层30%-45%的配比比例进行配比塑化挤出、复合吹胀出黑白相间配色地膜，进行分切收卷、自动卸卷、自动称重、检验合格后入库，即制得聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种聚乙烯三层复合黑白相间配色地膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法的制备过程是经三台挤出机、三层特殊结构的模头共挤复合吹塑而成。
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