CN111933977A - Fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system - Google Patents
Fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
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- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
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- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system, which is characterized in that a fuel gas compressor, a desulfurizer, a fuel heat exchanger and a mixer of the power generation system are sequentially connected, the air gas compressor is connected with an air heat exchanger, a reformer is connected with a water vaporizer, the mixer and a fuel cell anode, a fuel cell cathode is connected with the air heat exchanger, the fuel cell anode is respectively connected with the mixer and a high-temperature inlet end of the fuel heat exchanger, a fuel inlet end of an internal combustion engine is respectively connected with a cooler outlet, a fuel bypass and an air gas compressor outlet, a working medium output end of the internal combustion engine is connected with a turbine input end, and. The invention solves the problems of large fuel surplus in the tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell and low combustion efficiency, and combines the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine, so that the power generation power can be rapidly adjusted in a large range, and the power generation efficiency of more than 70 percent can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system, and belongs to the technical field of thermodynamic cycle devices of power generation systems.
Background
With the wide utilization of indirect energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like, more and more peak shaving pressure is brought to a power grid, and in order to achieve the optimal efficiency, load transients must be tracked as closely as possible to avoid wasting energy sources. Concentrated power plants (e.g., combined cycle power plants), while highly efficient, operate at part load with low power generation efficiency and potential over-power related losses. Therefore, more recently there has been increased attention to on-site or distributed energy distribution strategies. Distributed power generation not only has better variable working condition performance, but also can reduce transmission loss, which accounts for about 5-8% of energy loss related to centralized power generation, and the fuel cell is an ideal device for distributed power generation because it can realize high-efficiency power generation on various orders of magnitude.
A significant challenge encountered during the application of fuel cells is that the output voltage of the fuel cell decreases significantly with decreasing fuel concentration, so that the fuel utilization of the fuel cell cannot reach a high level, typically 55% to 70% at present, resulting in a large amount of fuel remaining in the fuel cell exhaust. The most popular exhaust gas utilization system at present is a fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system, which uses a fuel cell to replace a combustion chamber of a traditional gas turbine, the fuel cell is used as a high-efficiency power generation device, and the combustion chamber can be added behind the fuel cell, so that fuel which is not utilized by the fuel cell can be combusted in the combustion chamber, and finally, gas expands in a turbine to do work. The efficiency of the fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system can reach more than 70%; but the variable working condition performance is poor, the response time is long, and the method is not suitable for the field of distributed power generation requiring frequent variable working conditions and quick start.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, the invention provides a novel fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system, which combines a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, so that the power generation power can be rapidly adjusted in a large range, the power generation efficiency can be more than 70%, and the problem that a large amount of fuel is left in the tail gas of a solid oxide fuel cell is solved.
The invention provides a fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system, which comprises a fuel compressor, a desulfurizer, a fuel heat exchanger, a mixer, a reformer, a water vaporizer, a solid oxide fuel cell, an inverter, a cooler, an air compressor, an air heat exchanger, an internal combustion engine, an engine and a turbine, wherein the fuel compressor, the desulfurizer, the fuel heat exchanger and the mixer are sequentially connected, the air compressor is connected with the air heat exchanger, a gaseous water input end of the reformer is connected with a gaseous water output end of the water vaporizer, a fuel input end of the reformer is connected with an output end of the mixer, a reformed gas output end of the reformer is connected with an anode channel input end of the solid oxide fuel cell, a cathode channel input end of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with a high-pressure high-temperature air output end of the air heat exchanger, the cathode outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with the high-temperature inlet end of the air heat exchanger, the anode outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell is respectively connected with the mixer and the high-temperature inlet end of the fuel heat exchanger, the fuel inlet end of the internal combustion engine is respectively connected with the outlet of the cooler, the fuel bypass and the outlet of the air compressor, the working medium output end of the internal combustion engine is connected with the input end of the turbine, and the internal combustion engine is connected with the engine.
Preferably, after the fuel is compressed by the fuel compressor, a part of the fuel flows through the desulfurizer, the fuel heat exchanger and the mixer to enter the reformer for steam reforming, and then the electrochemical reaction is generated between the solid oxide fuel cell and the compressed air to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is connected to a power grid after being subjected to frequency conversion by the inverter; the other part enters a fuel bypass and directly leads to the internal combustion engine.
Preferably, a part of the anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell returns to the reformer to provide required heat and steam for the reforming reaction, the rest of the fuel enters the fuel heat exchanger to heat the incoming fuel, the fuel is cooled by the cooler before entering the internal combustion engine, the cooled fuel and the fuel of the fuel bypass are mixed and introduced into the internal combustion engine to burn and do work to drive the engine to generate power after being gasified by the cooling water as the raw material for steam reforming.
Preferably, after being compressed by an air compressor, the air respectively enters the solid oxide fuel cell and the internal combustion engine to serve as oxidants; the tail gas of the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell is mixed with the tail gas of the internal combustion engine through the air heat exchanger and then enters the turbine to do work through expansion, so that the fuel compressor and the air compressor are driven.
Preferably, the internal combustion engine is an eight-cylinder internal combustion engine and is divided into four groups, each group comprises two cylinders, at the same time, pistons in one group of cylinders are in an air suction stroke, pistons in one group of cylinders are in a compression stroke, pistons in one group of cylinders are in a power stroke, and pistons in one group of cylinders are in an exhaust stroke; the two cylinders in each group are in the same motion state.
Preferably, the internal combustion engine is a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine
Preferably, the solid oxide fuel cell adopts an anode cycle, a part of anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell is returned to the reformer to provide heat and water for the reformer, and the return rate is determined by the heat required by the reformer.
Preferably, before the anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell is introduced into the internal combustion engine, cooling water is used for cooling to 450K, the inlet temperature of the internal combustion engine is reduced, and the cooling water is introduced into the reformer after absorbing heat and gasifying.
The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system, which combines a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, so that unused tail gas in tail gas of the fuel cell can be utilized by the internal combustion engine, and the power generation efficiency of more than 70% can be realized.
2. The invention provides a fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system, which is added with a fuel bypass, can enable a fuel cell to work under a stable working condition or a slow fluctuation condition, realizes the large-range adjustment of the fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system on the power generation power by adjusting the flow of the fuel bypass, can maintain the efficiency to be more than 55% under a frequent variable working condition, is suitable for a distributed power generation application scene, and has better adaptability.
3. The invention provides a fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system, which is additionally provided with an anode backflow branch, realizes the self-sufficiency of the heat of a reformer, greatly reduces the water requirement of the reformer, simultaneously improves the fuel concentration at the inlet of the internal combustion engine, improves the efficiency of the internal combustion engine by 5 percent, and reduces the CO emission by 50 percent.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system of the present invention;
wherein: 1-fuel compressor, 2-desulfurizer, 3-fuel heat exchanger, 4-mixer, 5-reformer, 6-vaporizer, 7-solid oxide fuel cell, 8-inverter, 9-cooler, 10-air compressor, 11-air heat exchanger, 12-internal combustion engine, 13-engine, 14-turbine; the solid line represents the fuel passage, the thick dotted line at the upper left corner represents the fuel bypass, the thin dotted line represents the air passage, the dotted line represents the exhaust passage, and the dotted frame represents the power passage.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
the first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is explained with reference to fig. 1. The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system according to the present embodiment includes a fuel compressor 1, a desulfurizer 2, a fuel heat exchanger 3, a mixer 4, a reformer 5, a water vaporizer 6, a solid oxide fuel cell 7, an inverter 8, a cooler 9, an air compressor 10, an air heat exchanger 11, an internal combustion engine 12, an engine 13, and a turbine 14, where the fuel compressor 1, the desulfurizer 2, the fuel heat exchanger 3, and the mixer 4 are sequentially connected, the air compressor 10 is connected to the air heat exchanger 11, a gaseous water input end of the reformer 5 is connected to a gaseous water output end of the water vaporizer 6, a fuel input end of the reformer 5 is connected to an output end of the mixer 4, a reformed gas output end of the reformer 5 is connected to an anode channel input end of the solid oxide fuel cell 7, a cathode channel input end of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is connected to a high-pressure high-temperature air output end of the air The cathode outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is connected with the high-temperature inlet end of the air heat exchanger 11, the anode outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is connected with the high-temperature inlet ends of the mixer 4 and the fuel heat exchanger 3 respectively, the fuel inlet end of the internal combustion engine 12 is connected with the outlet of the cooler 9, the fuel bypass and the outlet of the air compressor 10 respectively, and the working medium output end of the internal combustion engine 12 is connected with the input end of the turbine 14.
After fuel is compressed by a fuel compressor 1, a part of the fuel flows through a desulfurizer 2, a fuel heat exchanger 3 and a mixer 4 to enter a reformer 5 for steam reforming, and then electrochemical reaction is carried out on the fuel in a solid oxide fuel cell 7 and compressed air to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is connected to a power grid after being subjected to frequency conversion by an inverter 8; another portion of the fuel that enters the fuel bypass path leads directly to the internal combustion engine 12. A portion of the fuel is passed to the fuel cell system and a portion is passed directly to the internal combustion engine, and under variable load conditions, the fuel flow to the internal combustion engine 12 is varied, with the internal combustion engine 12 assuming a variable load.
Part of the anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 flows back to the reformer 5 to provide heat and steam required by reforming reaction, the rest of the fuel enters the fuel heat exchanger 3 to heat incoming flow fuel, the fuel is cooled by the cooler 9 before entering the internal combustion engine 12, the cooled fuel and the fuel of the fuel bypass are mixed and introduced into the internal combustion engine 12 to burn and do work to drive the engine 13 to generate electricity after being gasified as a raw material for steam reforming.
After being compressed by an air compressor 10, the air respectively enters a solid oxide fuel cell 7 and an internal combustion engine 12 to serve as oxidants; the tail gas of the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is mixed with the tail gas of the internal combustion engine 12 through the air heat exchanger 11 and then enters the turbine 14 to do work through expansion, so that the fuel compressor 1 and the air compressor 10 are driven.
The internal combustion engine 12 is a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. The internal combustion engine 12 is an eight-cylinder internal combustion engine and is divided into four groups, each group comprises two cylinders, at the same time, pistons in one group of cylinders are in an air suction stroke, pistons in one group of cylinders are in a compression stroke, pistons in one group of cylinders are in a power stroke, and pistons in one group of cylinders are in an exhaust stroke; the two cylinders in each group are in the same motion state.
The solid oxide fuel cell 7 adopts anode circulation, a part of anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is led back to the reformer 5 to provide heat and water for the reformer 5, and the reflux rate is determined by the heat required by the reformer 5. The fuel cell system uses anode recycle, and 60% -70% of the fuel cell anode off-gas is re-introduced into the reformer 5 as required to provide water and sufficient heat for steam reforming.
Before the anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is introduced into the internal combustion engine, cooling water is used for cooling to 450K, the temperature of an inlet of the internal combustion engine 12 is reduced, and the cooling water is introduced into the reformer 5 after absorbing heat and gasifying.
The fuel and air introduced into the fuel cell 7 and the internal combustion engine 12 are compressed by the compressor, so that the working pressure of the fuel cell 7 and the internal combustion engine 12 is improved, and the tail gas pushes the turbine 14 to do work to provide energy for the compressor.
The fuel output end of the fuel compressor is divided into two branches, the first branch is connected with the fuel input end of an internal combustion engine 12, and the second branch is connected with a cathode air heat exchanger 11 of a fuel cell 7.
The specific operation process and the working principle of the fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system are as follows:
the fuel is firstly compressed by a fuel compressor 1, desulfurized by a desulfurizer 2 so as to avoid damaging an electrode plate of a fuel cell, the fuel is heated to the temperature required by reforming by a fuel heat exchanger 3 after being desulfurized, the fuel is mixed with partial tail gas of the anode of the fuel cell and then is introduced into a reformer 5 for steam reforming reaction, the reformed fuel is introduced into the anode of a solid oxide fuel cell 7 for electrochemical oxidation reaction to generate electric energy, the electric energy is connected into a power grid after being subjected to frequency conversion by an inverter 8, a part of the anode tail gas flows back into the reformer 5 to provide required heat and water vapor for the reforming reaction, the rest fuel enters the fuel heat exchanger 3 to heat incoming flow fuel, the fuel is cooled before entering an internal combustion engine 12, cooling water is gasified and then used as a raw material for steam reforming, the cooled fuel and the fuel of a fuel bypass are mixed and introduced; on the other hand, the air is compressed by the air compressor 10, one part of the air is introduced into the internal combustion engine 12 to provide oxygen for combustion, the other part of the air enters the air heat exchanger 11 to be heated, then the air is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell 7 to be used as an oxidant for electrochemical reaction, and the air at the outlet of the cathode enters the air heat exchanger 11 to heat incoming air; the tail gas of the internal combustion engine 12 is mixed with the air at the high-temperature outlet of the air heat exchanger 11 and then enters the turbine 14 to do work through expansion, so that two compressors are driven.
The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system is additionally provided with a fuel bypass, the fuel introduced into the internal combustion engine 12 can be the anode tail gas of the fuel cell or the unreacted fuel, when the system load changes, the load of the fuel cell 7 is ensured to slowly change by adjusting the flow of the fuel bypass, the internal combustion engine 12 realizes dynamic adjustment, the problem of slow dynamic response of the fuel cell is solved, and the system can realize large-range quick adjustment.
The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system is additionally provided with an anode circulation loop, 60-70% of anode tail gas of the fuel cell is led back to the reformer again according to the heat absorption requirement of the reformer, so that the self-sufficiency of the heat of the reformer is realized, the requirement on water is reduced, the fuel concentration at the inlet of the internal combustion engine is improved, and the performance of the internal combustion engine is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that the reasonable combination of the features described in the above-mentioned embodiments can be made, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system is characterized by comprising a fuel compressor (1), a desulfurizer (2), a fuel heat exchanger (3), a mixer (4), a reformer (5), a water vaporizer (6), a solid oxide fuel cell (7), an inverter (8), a cooler (9), an air compressor (10), an air heat exchanger (11), an internal combustion engine (12), an engine (13) and a turbine (14),
the fuel gas compressor (1), the desulfurizer (2), the fuel heat exchanger (3) and the mixer (4) are sequentially connected, the air gas compressor (10) is connected with the air heat exchanger (11), the gaseous water input end of the reformer (5) is connected with the gaseous water output end of the water vaporizer (6), the fuel input end of the reformer (5) is connected with the output end of the mixer (4), the reformed gas output end of the reformer (5) is connected with the anode channel input end of the solid oxide fuel cell (7), the cathode channel input end of the solid oxide fuel cell (7) is connected with the high-pressure high-temperature air output end of the air heat exchanger (11), the cathode outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell (7) is connected with the high-temperature inlet end of the air heat exchanger (11), the anode outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell (7) is respectively connected with the high-temperature inlet ends of the mixer (4) and the fuel heat exchanger (3), the solid oxide fuel cell (7) is connected with the inverter (8), the fuel inlet end of the internal combustion engine (12) is respectively connected with the outlet of the cooler (9), the fuel bypass and the outlet of the air compressor (10), the working medium output end of the internal combustion engine (12) is connected with the input end of the turbine (14), and the internal combustion engine (12) is connected with the engine (13).
2. The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, wherein after the fuel is compressed by the fuel compressor (1), a part of the fuel flows through the desulfurizer (2), the fuel heat exchanger (3) and the mixer (4) and enters the reformer (5) for steam reforming, and after the electrochemical reaction between the solid oxide fuel cell (7) and the compressed air occurs, the electric energy is generated, and after the frequency conversion by the inverter (8), the electric energy is connected to the power grid; the other part enters a fuel bypass and directly leads into the internal combustion engine (12).
3. The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system according to claim 2, wherein a part of the anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell (7) flows back to the reformer (5) to provide heat and steam required for the reforming reaction, the remaining fuel enters the fuel heat exchanger (3) to heat the incoming fuel, the fuel is cooled by the cooler (9) before entering the internal combustion engine (12), the cooled water is gasified and then used as the raw material for steam reforming, and the cooled fuel and the fuel bypassed by the fuel are mixed and introduced into the internal combustion engine (12) to be combusted and used as work to drive the engine (13) to generate power.
4. The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, wherein air is compressed by the air compressor (10) and then enters the solid oxide fuel cell (7) and the internal combustion engine (12) as oxidants respectively; the tail gas of the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell (7) is mixed with the tail gas of the internal combustion engine (12) through the air heat exchanger (11) and then enters the turbine (14) to do work through expansion, so that the fuel compressor (1) and the air compressor (10) are driven.
5. The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine (12) is an eight-cylinder internal combustion engine, divided into four groups, each group comprising two cylinders, and at the same time, the pistons in one group of cylinders are in the intake stroke, the pistons in one group of cylinders are in the compression stroke, the pistons in one group of cylinders are in the power stroke, and the pistons in one group of cylinders are in the exhaust stroke; the two cylinders in each group are in the same motion state.
6. The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine.
7. The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the solid oxide fuel cell (7) employs an anode cycle, and a part of the anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell (7) is returned to the reformer (5) to provide heat and water for the reformer (5), and the return rate is determined by the heat required by the reformer (5).
8. The fuel cell-turbocharged internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the anode exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell (7) is cooled to 450K using cooling water before being introduced into the internal combustion engine, the inlet temperature of the internal combustion engine (12) is reduced, and the cooling water is introduced into the reformer (5) after being vaporized by heat absorption.
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