CN111937692A - Saline-alkali tolerant seeding method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali tolerant seeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111937692A CN111937692A CN202010890580.1A CN202010890580A CN111937692A CN 111937692 A CN111937692 A CN 111937692A CN 202010890580 A CN202010890580 A CN 202010890580A CN 111937692 A CN111937692 A CN 111937692A
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 240000006550 Lantana camara Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000003832 Lantana Species 0.000 claims description 15
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001453700 Echinops <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002137 ultrasound extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000514748 Lanceolaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012257 stirred material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil sowing, in particular to a saline-alkali tolerant sowing method, which comprises the following steps: s1, ditching: ditching is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a soil ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm is dug, and soil dug by ditching is moved to two sides of the soil ditch to form a soil ridge with the width of 15cm and the height of 5 cm; s2, fertilizing: sowing holes in the soil ditch, and sequentially spraying mixed fertilizer into the sowing holes; s3, sowing: sowing seeds in the seed holes, wherein the row spacing of the seeds during sowing is 35-40 cm; s4, covering soil: covering soil above the soil ditch, and finishing; the mixed fertilizer is a mixture of a biological organic fertilizer and a biological bacterial fertilizer, and the weight ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the biological bacterial fertilizer is 2: 1. The invention can not only promote the utilization of the fixed fertilizer in the soil by the functional bacteria, but also improve the soil and adjust the soil gap condition so as to promote the release of the fixed nutrients in the soil, inhibit the evaporation of water and reduce the accumulation of salt on the ground surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil sowing, in particular to a saline-alkali tolerant sowing method.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops, and according to the incomplete statistics of the textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive.
In the prior art, for the purpose of developing saline-alkali soil so as to be capable of planting plants, specific fertilizers are applied to the saline-alkali soil to improve the properties of the soil and improve the nutrient absorption rate of the plants. However, the improvement effect of the existing fertilizer is not good, so that a saline-alkali tolerant seeding method is proposed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a saline-alkali tolerant seeding method.
A saline-alkali tolerant seeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, ditching: ditching is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a soil ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm is dug, and soil dug by ditching is moved to two sides of the soil ditch to form a soil ridge with the width of 15cm and the height of 5 cm;
s2, fertilizing: sowing holes in the soil ditch, and sequentially spraying mixed fertilizer into the sowing holes;
s3, sowing: sowing seeds in the seed holes, wherein the row spacing of the seeds during sowing is 35-40 cm;
s4, covering soil: covering soil above the soil ditch, and finishing;
the mixed fertilizer is a mixture of a biological organic fertilizer and a biological bacterial fertilizer, the weight ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the biological bacterial fertilizer is 2:1, and the raw materials of the biological organic fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of straw, 30-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-8 parts of magnetite powder, 12-18 parts of lantana leaf and 15-25 parts of lantana head;
the biological bacterial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of humic acid, 5-6 parts of phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 1-4 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 2-3 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 2-3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2-3 parts of potash fertilizer, 8-12 parts of SSY-15 salt inhibitor and 8-12 parts of JT microbial agent.
Preferably, the distance between the seed holes is 12-15 cm, and the depth of the seed holes is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, the width of the covering soil is 6-8 cm, and the depth of the covering soil is 3-4 cm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, extraction: extracting Echinops tauschii by ultrasonic extraction, treating the extractive solution with petroleum and chloroform to obtain Echinops tauschii extract, and extracting aqueous extract of lantana camara leaf in alkaline water;
step two, mixing materials: mixing straws and livestock and poultry manure according to a ratio, adding a glaucopia extract compound and a lantana camara leaf alkali water extract for mixing, then adding magnetite powder for uniformly mixing, drying and sieving, and obtaining a mixture after passing through a high-frequency electric field with the frequency of 10 MHz;
step three, fermentation: and (3) heating the mixture for fermentation, and then cooling to 30 ℃ for fermentation until the water content is less than 30%, thus obtaining the bio-organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the livestock manure is prepared by mixing chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and horse manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer is turned and piled for 1-2 times every day in the fermentation process.
Preferably, the temperature of the bio-organic fertilizer is raised to 70-75 ℃ in the fermentation process, and the fermentation time is 7-12 days.
Preferably, the preparation method of the organic bacterial manure is as follows:
step one, mixing materials: mixing humic acid, EM bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria in proportion, uniformly stirring, heating for fermentation until the number of beneficial bacteria in each gram of mixture is not less than 0.2 hundred million, and obtaining a fermented material;
step two, fermentation: adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a JT microbial agent into the fermentation material, mixing, adding an SSY-15 salt inhibitor in the process, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological bacterial fertilizer.
Preferably, the temperature of the organic bacterial fertilizer is raised to 20-30 ℃ in the fermentation process, and the fermentation time is 72-96 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by reformulating, the molecular field energy of the fertilizer components is increased, and the absorption rate of crops on major elements and trace elements is improved by utilizing the high-frequency electric field and the magnetization effect of magnetite powder on various element compounds; in addition, the lantana camara leaves and the lantana camara are added to obtain the extracting solution, so that the inhibition and sterilization effects on the nematodes in the soil can be obviously improved.
2. The biological bacterial fertilizer is prepared by reformulating, and the phosphorus and potassium decomposing bacteria are added to activate nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, so that crops can be fully absorbed and utilized, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the use amount of nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers is reduced; in addition, by adding the JT microbial agent, the occurrence of diseases such as soil nematodes, soil fungal diseases, soil pests and the like can be effectively inhibited; in addition, the SSY-15 salt inhibitor is added into the bacterial manure to form a film on the soil surface, so that water molecules can be prevented from passing through, water evaporation can be inhibited, and salt accumulation on the ground surface can be reduced.
3. The invention can not only promote the utilization of the fixed fertilizer in the soil by the functional bacteria, but also improve the soil and adjust the soil gap condition so as to promote the release of the fixed nutrients in the soil, inhibit the water evaporation, improve the ground temperature and reduce the accumulation of salt on the ground surface.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example one (the mixed fertilizer contains two kinds of biological organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer):
s1, ditching: ditching is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a soil ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm is dug, and soil dug by ditching is moved to two sides of the soil ditch to form a soil ridge with the width of 15cm and the height of 5 cm;
s2, fertilizing: sowing holes in the soil ditch, wherein the distance between every two adjacent sowing holes is 12cm, the depth of each sowing hole is 3cm, and mixed fertilizer is sequentially scattered into the sowing holes;
s3, sowing: sowing seeds in the seed holes, wherein the row spacing of the seeds is 35cm during sowing;
s4, covering soil: and covering soil above the soil ditch, wherein the soil covering width is 6cm, and the soil covering depth is 3 cm.
The mixed fertilizer is a mixture of a biological organic fertilizer and a biological bacterial fertilizer, the weight ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the biological bacterial fertilizer is 2:1, and the raw materials of the biological organic fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of straws, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5 parts of magnetite powder, 12 parts of lantana leaves and 15 parts of lantana heads, wherein the livestock and poultry manure is prepared by mixing chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and horse manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, extraction: extracting Echinops tauschii by ultrasonic extraction, treating the extractive solution with petroleum and chloroform to obtain Echinops tauschii extract, and extracting aqueous extract of lantana camara leaf in alkaline water;
step two, mixing materials: mixing straws and livestock and poultry manure according to a ratio, adding a glaucopia extract compound and a lantana camara leaf alkali water extract for mixing, then adding magnetite powder for uniformly mixing, drying and sieving, and obtaining a mixture after passing through a high-frequency electric field with the frequency of 10 MHz;
step three, fermentation: and (3) heating the mixture to 70 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, turning over for 2 times every day within 7 days, then cooling to 30 ℃, and fermenting until the water content is less than 30% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
The biological bacterial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms), 2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of potash fertilizer, 8 parts of SSY-15 salt inhibitor and 8 parts of JT microbial agent, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing materials: mixing humic acid, EM bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria in proportion, uniformly stirring, heating to 20 ℃, and fermenting for 72 hours until the number of beneficial bacteria in each gram of mixture is not less than 0.2 hundred million, thus obtaining a fermented material;
step two, fermentation: adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a JT microbial agent into the fermentation material, mixing, adding an SSY-15 salt inhibitor in the process, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological bacterial fertilizer.
Example two (the mixed fertilizer contains two kinds of bio-organic fertilizer and bio-bacterial fertilizer):
s1, ditching: ditching is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a soil ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm is dug, and soil dug by ditching is moved to two sides of the soil ditch to form a soil ridge with the width of 15cm and the height of 5 cm;
s2, fertilizing: sowing holes in the soil ditch, wherein the distance between every two adjacent sowing holes is 12cm, the depth of each sowing hole is 3cm, and mixed fertilizer is sequentially scattered into the sowing holes;
s3, sowing: sowing seeds in the seed holes, wherein the row spacing of the seeds is 35cm during sowing;
s4, covering soil: and covering soil above the soil ditch, wherein the soil covering width is 6cm, and the soil covering depth is 3 cm.
The mixed fertilizer is a mixture of a biological organic fertilizer and a biological bacterial fertilizer, the weight ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the biological bacterial fertilizer is 2:1, and the raw materials of the biological organic fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of straws, 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 8 parts of magnetite powder, 18 parts of lantana leaves and 25 parts of lantana heads, wherein the livestock and poultry manure is prepared by mixing chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and horse manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, extraction: extracting Echinops tauschii by ultrasonic extraction, treating the extractive solution with petroleum and chloroform to obtain Echinops tauschii extract, and extracting aqueous extract of lantana camara leaf in alkaline water;
step two, mixing materials: mixing straws and livestock and poultry manure according to a ratio, adding a glaucopia extract compound and a lantana camara leaf alkali water extract for mixing, then adding magnetite powder for uniformly mixing, drying and sieving, and obtaining a mixture after passing through a high-frequency electric field with the frequency of 10 MHz;
step three, fermentation: and (3) heating the mixture to 70 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, turning over for 2 times every day within 7 days, then cooling to 30 ℃, and fermenting until the water content is less than 30% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
The biological bacterial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 4 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potash fertilizer, 12 parts of SSY-15 salt inhibitor and 12 parts of JT microbial agent, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing materials: mixing humic acid, EM bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria in proportion, uniformly stirring, heating to 20 ℃, and fermenting for 72 hours until the number of beneficial bacteria in each gram of mixture is not less than 0.2 hundred million, thus obtaining a fermented material;
step two, fermentation: adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a JT microbial agent into the fermentation material, mixing, adding an SSY-15 salt inhibitor in the process, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological bacterial fertilizer.
Comparative example one (mixed fertilizer containing only bio-organic fertilizer):
s1, ditching: ditching is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a soil ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm is dug, and soil dug by ditching is moved to two sides of the soil ditch to form a soil ridge with the width of 15cm and the height of 5 cm;
s2, fertilizing: sowing holes in the soil ditch, wherein the distance between every two adjacent sowing holes is 12cm, the depth of each sowing hole is 3cm, and mixed fertilizer is sequentially scattered into the sowing holes;
s3, sowing: sowing seeds in the seed holes, wherein the row spacing of the seeds is 35cm during sowing;
s4, covering soil: and covering soil above the soil ditch, wherein the soil covering width is 6cm, and the soil covering depth is 3 cm.
The mixed fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer, and the raw materials of the biological organic fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of straws, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5 parts of magnetite powder, 12 parts of lantana leaves and 15 parts of lantana heads, wherein the livestock and poultry manure is prepared by mixing chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and horse manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, extraction: extracting Echinops tauschii by ultrasonic extraction, treating the extractive solution with petroleum and chloroform to obtain Echinops tauschii extract, and extracting aqueous extract of lantana camara leaf in alkaline water;
step two, mixing materials: mixing straws and livestock and poultry manure according to a ratio, adding a glaucopia extract compound and a lantana camara leaf alkali water extract for mixing, then adding magnetite powder for uniformly mixing, drying and sieving, and obtaining a mixture after passing through a high-frequency electric field with the frequency of 10 MHz;
step three, fermentation: and (3) heating the mixture to 70 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, turning over for 2 times every day within 7 days, then cooling to 30 ℃, and fermenting until the water content is less than 30% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example two (mixed fertilizer only contains biological bacterial manure):
s1, ditching: ditching is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a soil ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm is dug, and soil dug by ditching is moved to two sides of the soil ditch to form a soil ridge with the width of 15cm and the height of 5 cm;
s2, fertilizing: sowing holes in the soil ditch, wherein the distance between every two adjacent sowing holes is 12cm, the depth of each sowing hole is 3cm, and mixed fertilizer is sequentially scattered into the sowing holes;
s3, sowing: sowing seeds in the seed holes, wherein the row spacing of the seeds is 35cm during sowing;
s4, covering soil: and covering soil above the soil ditch, wherein the soil covering width is 6cm, and the soil covering depth is 3 cm.
The mixed fertilizer is a biological bacterial fertilizer, and the raw materials of the biological bacterial fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms), 2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of potash fertilizer, 8 parts of SSY-15 salt inhibitor and 8 parts of JT microbial agent, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing materials: mixing humic acid, EM bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria in proportion, uniformly stirring, heating to 20 ℃, and fermenting for 72 hours until the number of beneficial bacteria in each gram of mixture is not less than 0.2 hundred million, thus obtaining a fermented material;
step two, fermentation: adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a JT microbial agent into the fermentation material, mixing, adding an SSY-15 salt inhibitor in the process, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological bacterial fertilizer.
After 15 days of sowing, plant heights and yields after fertilization of the seeds in the first example, the second example, the first comparative example and the second comparative example were observed and recorded every other week (wherein "√" indicates inclusion, and "xx" indicates non-inclusion), and specific data are shown in the following table:
from the data in the table, the effect of the mixed fertilizer in the first embodiment and the second embodiment is more obvious and more advantageous than the effect of the fertilizer in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
In conclusion, the fertilizer prepared by mixing the biological organic fertilizer and the biological bacterial fertilizer has a certain promotion effect on the growth and development of seeds.
Comparative example III (No lantana leaves and Lanceolaria lanuginosa is added in the bio-organic fertilizer):
the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of straw and 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing materials: mixing the straws and the livestock and poultry manure according to a ratio, then adding magnetite powder, uniformly mixing, drying and sieving, and obtaining a mixture through a high-frequency electric field with the frequency of 10 MHz;
step three, fermentation: and (3) heating the mixture to 70 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, turning over for 2 times every day within 7 days, then cooling to 30 ℃, and fermenting until the water content is less than 30% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example four (adding lantana leaf and lantana tingens head in the bio-organic fertilizer):
the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of straw, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 12 parts of lantana leaves and 15 parts of lantana camara, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, extraction: extracting Echinops tauschii by ultrasonic extraction, treating the extractive solution with petroleum and chloroform to obtain Echinops tauschii extract, and extracting aqueous extract of lantana camara leaf in alkaline water;
step two, mixing materials: mixing straws and livestock and poultry manure according to a ratio, adding a glaucopia extract compound and a lantana camara leaf alkali water extract for mixing, then adding magnetite powder for uniformly mixing, drying and sieving, and obtaining a mixture after passing through a high-frequency electric field with the frequency of 10 MHz;
step three, fermentation: and (3) heating the mixture to 70 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, turning over for 2 times every day within 7 days, then cooling to 30 ℃, and fermenting until the water content is less than 30% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example five (preparation of existing bio-organic fertilizer):
the biological organic fertilizer consists of 350kg of plant extraction residues, 300kg of straws, 100kg of livestock manure, 80kg of organic material leavening agent and 170kg of rice husk ash;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing plant extraction residues and straws, mixing the crushed plant extraction residues and straws with livestock and poultry manure, adding an organic material leavening agent, uniformly mixing, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, fermenting for 30 days, adjusting the pH value and humidity of the fermented material, performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation, inflating the material in the fermentation tank for 3 times every day through an aeration pipe of a fermentation device, each time for 0.5 hour, simultaneously starting a stirring system of the fermentation device to stir the material, fully aerating the material, uniformly mixing the fermented material and rice husk ash in proportion, crushing and drying to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
And (3) fertilizing the seeds of the plants of the same strain by using the biological organic fertilizer in the third to fifth comparative examples, observing and recording the plant height and the percentage of fertilizer elements contained in the fertilizer every other week after 15 days, wherein the specific data are shown in the following table:
the data in the table above show that the effect of the bio-organic fertilizer on the development and growth of the plant seeds in the third comparative example and the fourth comparative example is better than that of the bio-organic fertilizer in the fifth comparative example, the development condition of the bio-organic fertilizer on the plant seeds in the fourth comparative example is better than that of the bio-organic fertilizer on the plant seeds in the third comparative example, and in addition, the absorption rate of the plant seeds on the bio-organic fertilizer in the fourth comparative example is highest.
In conclusion, the absorption rate of plants to major elements and trace elements can be effectively improved by utilizing the high-frequency electric field and the magnetization effect of magnetite powder on a compound of various elements, and the inhibition and sterilization effects on nematodes in soil can be remarkably improved by mixing the extract of lantana leaves and lantana camara into the fertilizer, so that the growth effect of the plants is more benefited.
Sixth comparative example (no SSY-15 salt inhibitor is added in the biological bacterial manure):
the biological bacterial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms), 2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of potash fertilizer and 8 parts of JT microbial inoculum, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing materials: mixing humic acid, EM bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria in proportion, uniformly stirring, heating to 20 ℃, and fermenting for 72 hours until the number of beneficial bacteria in each gram of mixture is not less than 0.2 hundred million, thus obtaining a fermented material;
step two, fermentation: adding nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and JT microbial inoculum into the fermentation material, and mixing uniformly to obtain the biological bacterial fertilizer.
Comparative example seven (adding SSY-15 salt inhibitor into the biological bacterial manure):
the biological bacterial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms), 2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of potash fertilizer, 8 parts of SSY-15 salt inhibitor and 8 parts of JT microbial agent, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing materials: mixing humic acid, EM bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria in proportion, uniformly stirring, heating to 20 ℃, and fermenting for 72 hours until the number of beneficial bacteria in each gram of mixture is not less than 0.2 hundred million, thus obtaining a fermented material;
step two, fermentation: adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a JT microbial agent into the fermentation material, mixing, adding an SSY-15 salt inhibitor in the process, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological bacterial fertilizer.
Comparative example eight (preparation of existing biological bacterial manure):
the biological bacterial fertilizer consists of 40 parts of corncob leftovers, 20 parts of rice hull powder, 10 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of trace elements and 3 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens;
throwing corncob leftovers, rice hull powder, plant ash, trace elements and bacillus amyloliquefaciens into a stirrer, wherein the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is thrown into 2/3 of the total addition amount, and then mixing and stirring for 0.5 hour; then crushing and granulating the stirred materials in sequence; drying and cooling the prepared particles; and screening the cooled particles, putting the screened particles into a film coating machine, and adding the remaining 1/3 bacillus amyloliquefaciens to wrap the bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the surfaces of the particles to finish the preparation.
Taking the biological bacterial fertilizers in the sixth to eighth comparative examples, fertilizing the seeds of the plants of the same strain, observing and recording the plant height and the contents of nematodes, fungi and the like in soil every other week after 15 days, wherein the specific data are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the data in the table, the effect of the biological bacterial fertilizer in the sixth and seventh comparative examples on the development and growth of the plant seeds is better than that of the biological bacterial fertilizer in the eighth comparative example, and in the growth process of the plant seeds, the inhibition effect of the biological bacterial fertilizer in the seventh comparative example on the diseases such as nematodes, fungi and the like in the soil is better than that of the biological bacterial fertilizer in the sixth comparative example on the diseases such as nematodes, fungi and the like in the soil;
in addition, as can be seen from the data in the table, the effects of the biological bacterial fertilizers in the sixth and seventh comparative examples on inhibiting water evaporation and controlling salt content of the saline-alkali soil are better than those corresponding to the data in the eighth comparative example, and after the SSY-15 salt inhibitor is added to the seventh comparative example, the effects of inhibiting water evaporation and reducing salt content accumulation are more remarkable.
In conclusion, the substances such as phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria and JT microbial agents are added into the biological bacterial fertilizer, and the SSY-15 salt inhibitor is added into the bacterial fertilizer, so that nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil can be activated, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the use amount of nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers is reduced, the diseases such as soil nematodes, soil fungal diseases and underground pests can be effectively inhibited, the water evaporation can be inhibited, and the salt accumulation on the ground surface can be reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, ditching: ditching is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a soil ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm is dug, and soil dug by ditching is moved to two sides of the soil ditch to form a soil ridge with the width of 15cm and the height of 5 cm;
s2, fertilizing: sowing holes in the soil ditch, and sequentially spraying mixed fertilizer into the sowing holes;
s3, sowing: sowing seeds in the seed holes, wherein the row spacing of the seeds during sowing is 35-40 cm;
s4, covering soil: covering soil above the soil ditch, and finishing;
the mixed fertilizer is a mixture of a biological organic fertilizer and a biological bacterial fertilizer, the weight ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the biological bacterial fertilizer is 2:1, and the raw materials of the biological organic fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of straw, 30-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-8 parts of magnetite powder, 12-18 parts of lantana leaf and 15-25 parts of lantana head;
the biological bacterial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of humic acid, 5-6 parts of phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 1-4 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 2-3 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 2-3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2-3 parts of potash fertilizer, 8-12 parts of SSY-15 salt inhibitor and 8-12 parts of JT microbial agent.
2. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between the seed holes is 12-15 cm, and the depth of the seed holes is 3-5 cm.
3. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the soil covering width is 6-8 cm, and the soil covering depth is 3-4 cm.
4. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, extraction: extracting Echinops tauschii by ultrasonic extraction, treating the extractive solution with petroleum and chloroform to obtain Echinops tauschii extract, and extracting aqueous extract of lantana camara leaf in alkaline water;
step two, mixing materials: mixing straws and livestock and poultry manure according to a ratio, adding a glaucopia extract compound and a lantana camara leaf alkali water extract for mixing, then adding magnetite powder for uniformly mixing, drying and sieving, and obtaining a mixture after passing through a high-frequency electric field with the frequency of 10 MHz;
step three, fermentation: and (3) heating the mixture for fermentation, and then cooling to 30 ℃ for fermentation until the water content is less than 30%, thus obtaining the bio-organic fertilizer.
5. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method according to claim 4, wherein the livestock manure is prepared by mixing chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and horse manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
6. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method according to claim 4, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is turned over 1-2 times per day in the fermentation process.
7. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature rise of the bio-organic fertilizer in the fermentation process is 70-75 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7-12 days.
8. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the organic bacterial manure is as follows:
step one, mixing materials: mixing humic acid, EM bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria in proportion, uniformly stirring, heating for fermentation until the number of beneficial bacteria in each gram of mixture is not less than 0.2 hundred million, and obtaining a fermented material;
step two, fermentation: adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a JT microbial agent into the fermentation material, mixing, adding an SSY-15 salt inhibitor in the process, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological bacterial fertilizer.
9. The saline-alkali tolerant seeding method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature rise of the organic bacterial manure is 20-30 ℃ in the fermentation process, and the fermentation time is 72-96 hours.
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