CN111808929A - 一种改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法及试剂盒 - Google Patents
一种改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法及试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法及试剂盒,采用重组酶、单链结合蛋白、链置换DNA聚合酶、RNase H及重组酶聚合酶反应系统所需的正向引物、反向引物、含有尿嘧啶核糖寡核苷酸的荧光探针、缓冲体系及底物如d NTPs、能量来源物如肌酸激酶‑磷酸肌酸‑ATP,及稳定剂或促进剂。该系统采用RNase H和RNA荧光探针作为特异性杂交报告系统,具有灵敏度高、兼容性好的特点,无需TwistAmp exo或nfo系统那样需要设计46‑52个碱基的探针而难于挑选保守区、易发生错配而漏检。本发明包括以下步骤:合成修饰引物及r U荧光探针,长度均为28‑36bp,系统中加有RNase H,与核酸模板在37‑40℃恒温反应5‑20分钟,多通道实时荧光采集,每10‑30秒读数一次,获得标本中的病毒核酸的定性或定量结果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物材料的检测,具体地说,涉及一种基于等温扩增技术适用于生物样本中特异性核酸的快速检测方法与试剂盒。
背景技术
核酸扩增分析技术如聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)尤其是荧光 PCR技术,以其能够检测痕量的病原体,一直作为诊断多种疫病的金标准方法之一,已普遍用于临床检验、兽医、食品安全、生物安全、农业、科研等领域。然而PCR需要结构复杂价格昂贵的热循环仪、高温及变温过程易产生气溶胶、场地要求高、需要批处理、操作要求高、相对耗时等固有缺陷,限制了PCR在现场即时检测(POCT,Point of Care Testing) 上的应用。目前国内外上虽有以PCR技术构建的分子POCT产品,如DxNA的GeneSTAT、 IQUUM的PCR System、Enigma Diagnostics的MiniLab、Cepheid 的System、卡尤迪生物的Mini8Plus实时荧光定量PCR系统,但均存在上述缺陷。
另一方面,等温核酸扩增经过多年发展,技术上逐渐成熟,因无需复杂的热循环仪及批处理概念更适合即时检测,较低的扩增恒定温度不易交叉污染。等温扩增主要有环介导等温扩增法(LAMP)、转录介导的核酸扩增(TMA或NASBA)、重组酶聚合酶扩增 (RPA)等技术,日本荣研的LAMP采用多对引物而无需探针,在65℃左右经Bst DNA链置换聚合酶恒温反应,产物通过比浊或核酸染料分析等手段,不适合临床分子诊断,TMA 或NASBA则对RNA靶标等温扩增,DNA则需先进行加热变性,采用化学发光或荧光分子信标或电化学发光检测,优点是可进行高灵敏度的定性检测,缺点也明显,由于转录放大涉及多个酶,单位时间内的扩增倍数及效率没有明确的数学公式可以推导,室温即可启动反应,不同标本反应管难于同步,定量不如荧光定量PCR科学与合理。FDA批准过美国 Gen-probe及法国Biomerieux基于此类原理的分子诊断试剂,通常设计复杂,通用性不高,耗时较长,且此系统需复杂的仪器支持。RPA则是最晚出现的扩增技术,依赖3种酶:能结合单链核酸的重组酶、单链DNA结合蛋白和链置换DNA聚合酶。重组酶与引物结合形成蛋白核酸复合物,能在双链DNA模板中寻找同源序列,一旦引物定位了同源序列,就会发生链置换反应,启动DNA合成,对目标区域进行指数式扩增。被替换的DNA链与单链DNA结合蛋白结合,防止进一步替换。在这个体系中,由两个引物起始一个合成事件,整个过程进行得非常快,一般可在10-20分钟内获得可检出水平的扩增产物。产物检测手段有电泳、测向层析试纸条、特殊的荧光探针检测,以后二者最为常用。FDA批准的美艾利尔的ALERETM i INFLUENZA A&B,RSA,STREP A等系列乃至CE认可的Q HIV产品均系采用RPA技术(荧光探针检测)。当前的均相RPA检测系统,系在前述三酶循环扩增的基础上添加有核酸外切酶Ⅲ(exo酶)或大肠杆菌核酸内切酶Ⅳ(nfo酶)与特殊标记的探针来实现杂交切割,荧光基团与淬灭基团分离而发光,产物量与切下的荧光呈比例关系,达到荧光增量仪器起始检测限的时间与标本起始浓度的对数存在一定关系,可实现定量检测。英国剑桥的Twist Dx Inc公司商售TwistAmp exo与TwistAmp nfo系统分别用作荧光检测与侧向层析检测。
当前的RPA还是存在一些缺点,主要体现在探针设计上,RPA一般需要30个碱基以上的正向与反向引物,探针则需要46-52个碱基,5’端的30-32个与3’端的15-20 个碱基由三个特殊的碱基位置隔开,两端为T,分别标记荧光基团与淬灭基团,中间则为任意碱基与四氢呋喃(THF)在空间位置上匹配,故中间可以为(FAM-dt)-THF-(BHQ1-dt), (VIC-dt)-THF-(BHQ1-dt),(NED-dt)-THF-(BHQ2-dt),(ROX-dt)-THF-(BHQ2-dt), (CY5-dt)-THF-(BHQ3-dt)等。扩增子至少为106bp以上,一般在110-200bp这个范围,大于250bp的扩增灵敏度不佳。然而,在高度变异的病毒基因组上,要寻找连续50 个碱基恒定的探针序列实际上是非常困难的,根据实践,RPA的实时检测探针大约可以容忍一个的碱基的错配,多于一个碱基的错配可导致完全无信号。同样,过长的引物序列要求也是个缺陷。这些缺陷在对恒定的核酸序列扩增检测来说,不是个问题,而对病毒核酸的检测来说会是个大问题,病毒的基因变异往往是随机的,越长的连续序列保守要求越难以确保,探针法RPA的实际是连续110个碱基要求基本上恒定,对变异性高的病毒来说几乎不可能。另外,较长的探针如大于36bp的寡核苷酸不容易稳定,这对高要求的分子诊断试剂来说也是一个缺点。还有,THF原料不便宜,这对本身价格较贵的荧光探针来说愈加雪上加霜了,而且大多数合成服务商还不能合法提供此类服务。
发明内容
为解决现有RPA探针检测技术中存在的问题,本发明提供温度控制简单,且灵敏特异的均相检测方法,并解决引物探针设计困难(要求过长)的问题。同时,本发明还提供了一种基于该方法的试剂盒。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:采用T4gp32(SSB)、Bsu链置换DNA聚合酶、T4 uvsX、T4uvsY重组酶、RNase H组成的均相扩增检测系统,正、反向引物,探针则为含有尿嘧啶的Taqman探针(U探针),RPA扩增产物与U-探针杂交,形成DNA与RNA 的杂交体,RNA部分为RNase H所切割,产生荧光。为了提高荧光信噪比,可以在几个U 两侧标记荧光基团与淬灭基团。
本发明还提供一种试剂盒组分,由缓冲液、乙酸镁、乙酸钾、二硫苏糖醇等组成,优选地为下述组分:A)50mM Tris-HCI缓冲液(pH8.0)、100mM KOAc、2mM DTT、14mM Mg(OAc)2、3mM ATP、50mM磷酸肌酸、5%PEG35000(Carbowax 20M),0.2mM d NTPs,0.3μM正向引物、,0.3μM反向引物、0.1μM探针。另外每50μl反应体系中加入前述的酶混合物B):T4gp32(SSB)0.9μg、Bsu链置换DNA聚合酶30ng、T4uvsX/T4uvsY重组酶130ng、RNase H 0.5U、10pg肌酸激酶、适量保护剂(BSA及海藻糖)等。A与B组分添加模板即开始扩增。
为了达到类似于热启动的类似效果,通常可以在引物末端增加THF结构,并将3’端封闭,如磷酸或生物素封闭等,并在酶混合物中添有大肠杆菌核酸内切酶Ⅳ(nfo酶)。该系统可行使热启动功能。本试剂与模板混合后扩增并不能开始反应,模板与含THF的封闭引物结合后,大肠杆菌核酸内切酶Ⅳ将THF切下,封闭基团脱落,才发生链置换聚合反应。
本发明一种改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法及试剂盒包括以下步骤:
1.待测标本的核酸提取纯化,可采用快速的一步法、煮沸法、柱提取、磁珠法等核酸提取方法,参照此类方法的使用说明书操作。
2.核酸扩增与检测,设计重组酶聚合酶反应的正反引物及U探针,均为30-36bp长,扩增子在100-200bp,其中探针的标记为中间标记如(FAM-dt)-U...U-(BHQ1-dt),两个U 之间的可为0-6个碱基。引物的终浓度为0.2-0.5μM,U探针的终浓度为0.05-0.2μM。在RPA 缓冲液、酶混合物、模板混合之后,上机37-40℃扩增均相检测20分钟即可。
3.多重反应时间可多通道检测FAM、VIC、NED、ROX、CY5等。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚完整地描述,显而易见,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
现以流感A(InfluA)及猫疱疹病毒(FHV)检测为例阐述一种改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法及试剂盒,包括以下步骤:
1.鼻咽部拭子或其他部位的拭子标本,病毒核酸提取纯化:采用快速磁珠法试剂进行标本核酸提取纯化。
2.核酸扩增:取InfluA RPA反应液25μl,酶混合物5μl,加入核酸模板20μl,瞬时离心后上机。等温扩增程序为39℃20分钟,每20秒读一次荧光,FAM/VIC/ROX通道分析。
其中InfluA RPA反应液RPA、酶混合物的配方及引物探针序列(包括RPA-exo系统对照所用的引物探针)如下表:
酶混合物
分别以SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3组合及SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ IDNO.2、SEQ ID NO.4组合,SEQ ID NO.5、SEQ ID NO.6、SEQ ID NO.7组合及SEQ ID NO.5、SEQID NO.6、SEQ ID NO.8组合。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确立的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法及试剂盒,其特征在于:所述重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增由重组酶、单链结合蛋白、链置换DNA聚合酶、RNase H及该系统所需的缓冲液、引物探针、底物和能量来源物及稳定剂等组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法,其特征在于采用RNA荧光探针或部分含RNA如一个或多个rU的寡核苷酸荧光探针。
3.如权利要求1所述的改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法,其特征在于还可采用热启动RPA,通过修饰引物末端(替代一个碱基为四氢呋喃并将末端碱基封闭),并在混合酶系统中加有大肠杆菌核酸内切酶Ⅳ,一旦修饰引物与模板结合后该内切酶将其引物末端切开并启动链置换聚合酶反应。否则由于上下游引物末端封闭无法开始RPA反应,有效降低了引物二聚体等非特异产物的产生,提高了检测灵敏度。
4.如权利要求1所述的改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测试剂盒,其特征在于含有下述组分:10-100mM Tris-HCI缓冲液(pH7.3-8.3)、20-200mM KOAc、0.5-5mM DTT、10-30mM Mg(OAc)2、0.5-5mM ATP、1-100mM磷酸肌酸、0-10%PEG35000,0.1-2mM d NTPs,0.1-1μM正向引物、反向引物、0.05-0.5μM探针;酶混合物含:T4 gp32(SSB)0.1-10μg、Bsu链置换DNA聚合酶1-100ng、T4 uvsX/T4 uvsY重组酶50-500ng、RNase H0.01-5U、1-100pg肌酸激酶、0.01-5U大肠杆菌核酸内切酶Ⅳ、适量保护剂等。
5.如权利要求1所述的改良的均相重组酶聚合酶核酸扩增检测方法,其特征在于采用荧光检测仪器配套使用,如恒温实时荧光仪器,并有适应的定性或定量分析软件。另外,实时荧光PCR仪也能兼容使用。
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