CN111799117A - Preparation method of CuCrZr alloy material self-operated contact finger product - Google Patents
Preparation method of CuCrZr alloy material self-operated contact finger product Download PDFInfo
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- CN111799117A CN111799117A CN202010592757.XA CN202010592757A CN111799117A CN 111799117 A CN111799117 A CN 111799117A CN 202010592757 A CN202010592757 A CN 202010592757A CN 111799117 A CN111799117 A CN 111799117A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a self-operated contact finger product made of a CuCrZr alloy material, which comprises the following steps: s1: taking raw materials of a chromium block, a copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, rare earth and an electrolytic copper plate for later use; s2: smelting the raw materials in a vacuum medium-frequency induction furnace to obtain a uniform alloy solution; s3: refining, degassing and deoxidizing the alloy solution obtained in the step S2, introducing the alloy solution into a mold for cooling crystallization, and demolding to obtain an alloy ingot; s4: extruding the alloy ingot obtained in the step S3, carrying out solid solution treatment, multi-pass drawing and aging treatment to obtain a treated section; s5: blanking, punching, bending and milling the section bar obtained in the step S4 to obtain a contact finger; s6: and (4) carrying out surface deburring and integral shape correction on the contact finger obtained in the step S5, and then plating a nano silver layer on the electrical contact surface of the contact finger to obtain a self-force contact finger product with the conductivity of more than 85% IACS, the hardness HB of more than 155 and the tensile strength of more than 480 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a self-operated contact finger product made of a CuCrZr alloy material.
Background
At present, high-voltage isolating switches are developing towards high voltage, large capacity, high mechanical reliability, less maintenance, miniaturization, combination and long service life, and the high-voltage isolating switches are particularly shown in the following aspects.
(1) High voltage, large capacity: with the development of large power stations and high-voltage, extra-high voltage and extra-high voltage power transmission, the technical parameters of high-voltage isolating switches are required to be correspondingly improved. In particular to a high-voltage isolating switch of 800kV and 1000 kV.
(2) High mechanical reliability: when the isolating switch is manufactured, the structures of a contact, a contact finger and a conductive loop are optimized, conductive connection is reduced, and a self-operated contact finger are actively adopted so as to reliably ensure the long-term stable current capacity of the switch; the materials are reasonably selected to avoid oxidation and galvanic corrosion of a mechanical friction layer, so that the mechanical movable joint is kept flexible for a long time, the reliability of mechanical transmission is improved, and the mechanical movable joint is less in maintenance and free of maintenance. The switch can meet the use requirements under various severe environments, and the high mechanical reliability is the fundamental guarantee of the development of the switch.
(3) Miniaturization and combination: reasonably reduces parts, improves the universality, develops applicable open type combined electrical appliances, such as the combination of a disconnecting switch and a circuit breaker, and optimizes the design of a power station.
The contact finger part is the most core part of the high-voltage isolating switch, the connection and disconnection of the high-voltage isolating switch are realized by a contact finger and contact head matching structure, and the service life of the contact finger part determines the service life of the high-voltage isolating switch and further determines the safe operation of a high-voltage power transmission and transformation network.
The traditional contact finger is generally made of red copper, and the following defects are inevitably caused in order to ensure that the contact finger has certain strength and rigidity: (1) the red copper plate has larger thickness, wastes copper materials and has higher cost; (2) the traditional contact finger generally adopts a spring to provide contact pressure between the contact finger and a contact, and the existence of the spring makes the matching structure of the contact finger and the contact more complex; (3) the self-cleaning capability of the contact finger is poor; (4) after long-term use, the spring loses elasticity, so that the contact pressure is insufficient, the contact resistance is increased, and faults such as overheating of a conductive loop and the like are caused.
Therefore, the invention designs a preparation method of a self-operated contact finger product made of the CuCrZr alloy material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a self-operated contact finger product made of a CuCrZr alloy material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a self-operated contact finger product made of a CuCrZr alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1: ingredients
Taking the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate for later use according to the weight percentage of 0.8-1.2% of Cr, 0.05-0.15 Zr, 0.05% of La and the balance of copper;
s2: vacuum melting
Paving a sheet-shaped electrolytic copper plate at the bottom of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, arranging a strip-shaped electrolytic copper plate above the sheet-shaped electrolytic copper plate along the wall of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, wrapping a chromium block with a copper sheet, placing the chromium block in the middle position surrounded by the strip-shaped electrolytic copper plate, filling protective gas into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace for atmosphere protection, starting the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace until the temperature in the furnace is 1100 +/-20 ℃, wrapping rare earth and copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy with the copper sheet, adding the rare earth and copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, vacuumizing the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace to 3.8-5.0 Pa under the protective gas atmosphere, raising the temperature in the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace to 1380 +/-20 ℃ for smelting, and keeping electromagnetic stirring in the smelting process to obtain;
s3: pouring
Refining, degassing and deoxidizing the alloy solution obtained in the step S2, introducing the alloy solution into a mold for cooling crystallization, and demolding to obtain an alloy ingot;
s4: section bar preparation
Extruding the alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 by using a hot extruder to obtain a section with the thickness of 8 +/-0.5 mm, the length of 160 +/-0.5 mm and the width of 65 +/-0.5 mm, uniformly loading the section into a quenching furnace for solution treatment, setting the temperature of the quenching furnace to be 995 +/-10 ℃, stopping heating when the temperature of the quenching furnace rises to 995 ℃, starting heat preservation timing, keeping the heat preservation time for 1-1.5 h, cooling for 5-8 min, and draining for 1-2 min to obtain a treated section; and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the treated section, ensuring that each deformation of the section is 10-12%, preparing a contact finger section with the thickness of 5 +/-0.1 mm, the width of 70 +/-0.5 mm and the length of L, putting the section into an aging furnace for aging treatment, and carrying out heat preservation for 4-5 h at the temperature of 475 +/-5 ℃ for aging treatment.
S5: contact finger processing
Blanking, punching and bending the contact finger sectional material obtained in the step S4 by using a numerical control punch, wherein the radius of the bending part of the contact finger sectional material is 24mm, and splitting and milling two empty grooves on the bent contact finger sectional material by adopting machining to obtain a contact finger;
s6: surface treatment
And (5) carrying out surface deburring and integral shape correction on the contact finger obtained in the step S5, and then plating a nano silver layer with the thickness of 30 mu m on the contact finger electric contact surface to obtain a self-supporting contact finger product.
Further, the total amount of inevitable impurities in the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate is less than 0.30%, and the performance of the self-supporting contact finger product is influenced by the excessive impurity content.
Further, in S2, the protective gas is argon gas with a purity of 99.99%, and the protective gas is filled to prevent the raw material from reacting with oxygen in the air to generate oxidized impurities during smelting.
Further, in S3, the specific process of refining, degassing and deoxidizing the alloy solution is as follows: and after the raw materials in the S2 are completely melted into an alloy solution, taking phosphorus copper with the mass ratio of 0.5% of that of the alloy solution, inserting a seamless steel pipe into the bottom of the alloy solution, blowing the phosphorus copper into the alloy solution by using argon, keeping the argon blowing for 20 +/-2 min, standing for 10 +/-5 min, removing residues on the surface of the alloy solution, finishing refining, degassing and deoxidizing, wherein the refining, degassing and deoxidizing can avoid bubbles in a self-operated contact finger product.
Further, in S3, the mold is a graphite-lined water-cooled crystallizer, which has good chemical stability and high temperature resistance, is not wetted by molten slag, and has very strong erosion resistance.
Further, in S3, a filter screen is arranged at a feeding port of the die and then pouring is carried out, the pouring speed is kept at 50-100 mm/min, and the filter screen can filter residues which are not removed in the refining degassing and deoxidizing process, so that pouring is prevented from being influenced.
Further, in S5, the diameters of the two circular through holes are both 12mm, the distance between the centers of the two circular through holes and the left end of the contact finger profile is 20mm, the distance between the centers of the two circular through holes is 35mm, and the distances between the centers of the two circular through holes and the upper end and the lower end of the contact finger profile are 17.5mm respectively.
Further, in S5, the width of each empty slot is 5mm, the length of each empty slot is 130mm, the distance between the two empty slots is 20mm, and the left ends of the two empty slots are both semicircular grooves with the radius of 2.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the preparation method of the self-operated contact finger product made of the CuCrZr alloy material, the metal performance of the self-operated contact finger material is enhanced by optimally adjusting the proportion of the CuCrZr alloy material, and the self-operated contact finger product with three contact fingers is prepared by performing a series of treatments such as drawing, solution aging, blanking, punching, bending and face milling on a contact finger plate, wherein the preparation method has the following advantages:
(1) the thickness of the contact finger is reduced, copper materials are saved, and the cost is reduced;
(2) the assembly structure of the contact finger and the contact is simplified, the fittings such as a spring, a pressing plate and the like are reduced, the assembly difficulty is reduced, and the cost is reduced;
(3) the contact finger has strong self-cleaning capability and stable contact pressure;
(4) and faults such as overheating of a conductive loop and the like caused by the existence of the spring are avoided. The long-term stable current capacity of the switch can be ensured;
(5) the conductivity of the obtained self-force contact finger product is more than 85 percent IACS, the hardness HB is more than 155, and the tensile strength is more than 480 MPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a self-operated contact finger product prepared by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a self-supporting finger product made in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a longitudinal section schematic diagram of the self-operated contact finger product prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
For the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description is further illustrated with reference to fig. 1 to 3 and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: a preparation method of a self-operated contact finger product of a CuCrZr alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1: ingredients
Taking the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate for later use according to the weight percentage of 1.2 percent of Cr, 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.05 percent of La and the balance of copper, wherein the total amount of inevitable impurities contained in the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate is less than 0.30 percent;
s2: vacuum melting
Laying a sheet-shaped electrolytic copper plate at the bottom of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, arranging a strip-shaped electrolytic copper plate above the sheet-shaped electrolytic copper plate along the wall of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, wrapping a chromium block with a copper sheet, placing the chromium block in the middle position surrounded by the strip-shaped electrolytic copper plate, filling argon with the purity of 99.99% into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace for atmosphere protection, starting the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace until the temperature in the furnace is 1120 ℃, wrapping rare earth and copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy with the copper sheet, adding the copper sheet into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, vacuumizing the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace to 5.0Pa under the atmosphere of protective gas, raising the temperature in the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace to 1400 ℃ for smelting, and keeping electromagnetic stirring in the smelting process to obtain a uniform alloy;
s3: pouring
After the raw materials in the S2 are completely melted into an alloy solution, taking phosphorus copper with the mass ratio of 0.5 percent of the alloy solution, inserting a seamless steel pipe into the bottom of the alloy solution, blowing the phosphorus copper into the alloy solution by using argon gas, keeping the argon gas for blowing for 22min, standing for 15min, removing residues on the surface of the alloy solution, finishing refining, degassing and deoxidizing, arranging a filter screen at a feeding port of a mold, introducing the alloy solution after refining, degassing and deoxidizing into a graphite lining water-cooling crystallizer mold for cooling and crystallizing, keeping the casting speed at 100mm/min, and demolding to obtain an alloy ingot;
s4: ingot treatment
Extruding the alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 by using a hot extrusion machine to obtain a section with the thickness of 8 +/-0.2 mm, the width of 65 +/-0.2 mm and the length of L, uniformly loading the section into a quenching furnace for solution treatment, setting the temperature of the quenching furnace to 1005 ℃, stopping heating when the temperature of the quenching furnace rises to 995 ℃, starting heat preservation timing, keeping the heat preservation time for 1.5 hours, cooling for 8 minutes and draining for 2 minutes to obtain a treated section; and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the treated section, ensuring that each deformation of the section is 10-12%, preparing a contact finger section with the thickness of 5 +/-0.1 mm, the width of 70 +/-0.5 mm and the length of L, putting the section into an aging furnace for aging treatment, and carrying out heat preservation for 4-5 h at the temperature of 475 +/-5 ℃ for aging treatment.
S5: contact finger processing
Blanking, punching and bending the contact finger sectional material obtained in the step S4 by using a numerical control punch, wherein the radius of the bending part of the contact finger sectional material is 24mm, and splitting and milling two empty grooves on the bent contact finger sectional material by adopting machining to obtain a contact finger;
s6: surface treatment
And (3) carrying out surface deburring and integral shape correction on the contact finger obtained in the step S5, and then plating a nano silver layer with the thickness of 30 micrometers on the contact finger electric contact surface to obtain a self-force contact finger product, wherein the conductivity of the self-force contact finger product is more than 85% IACS, the hardness HB is more than 155, and the tensile strength is more than 480 Mpa.
Example 2: the same as example 1 except that:
s1: ingredients
The raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate are taken for standby according to the weight percentage of 1.0 percent of Cr, 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.05 percent of La and the balance of copper, wherein the total amount of inevitable impurities contained in the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate is less than 0.30 percent.
Example 3: the same as example 1 except that:
s1: ingredients
Taking the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate for later use according to the weight percentage of 0.8 percent of Cr, 0.05 percent of Zr, 0.05 percent of La and the balance of copper, wherein the total amount of inevitable impurities contained in the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate is less than 0.30 percent.
Example 4: the same as example 1 except that:
s3: pouring
After the raw materials in the S2 are completely melted into an alloy solution, taking phosphorus copper with the mass ratio of 0.5% of the alloy solution, inserting a seamless steel tube into the bottom of the alloy solution, blowing the phosphorus copper into the alloy solution by using argon gas, keeping the argon gas blowing for 20 +/-2 min, standing for 10 +/-5 min, removing residues on the surface of the alloy solution, finishing refining, degassing and deoxidizing, introducing the alloy solution after refining, degassing and deoxidizing into a graphite lining water-cooled crystallizer mould for cooling and crystallizing, keeping the pouring speed at 50-100 mm/min, and demoulding to obtain an alloy ingot.
Experimental example: research on influence of raw material ratio on performance of self-operated contact finger product
The physical and mechanical properties of the self-force type contact finger products obtained in examples 1 to 3 were analyzed, and the results of the property analysis are shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 comparison table of performance of self-operated contact finger products with different raw material ratios
Group of | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
conductivity/IACS | 95 | 91 | 90 |
Resistivity/(omega-g/m 2) | 0.16687 | 0.16205 | 0.15865 |
hardness/HB | 124 | 120 | 118 |
Tensile strength/(N/mm)2) | 376.46 | 371.37 | 368.34 |
Elongation/percent | 15.18 | 14.26 | 12.28 |
And (4) conclusion: the conductivity, resistivity, hardness, tensile strength and elongation of the self-force contact finger product prepared according to the raw material proportioning ratio in the embodiment 1 are all superior to those of the self-force contact finger products prepared according to the raw material proportioning ratios in the embodiments 2 and 3, and the performance of the self-force contact finger product prepared according to the raw material proportioning ratio in the embodiment 1 is optimal.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a self-operated contact finger product made of a CuCrZr alloy material is characterized in that raw materials of the CuCrZr alloy material comprise a chromium block, a copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, rare earth and an electrolytic copper plate, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: ingredients
Taking the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate for later use according to the weight percentage of 0.8-1.2% of Cr, 0.05-0.15 Zr, 0.05% of La and the balance of copper;
s2: vacuum melting
Paving a sheet-shaped electrolytic copper plate at the bottom of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, arranging a strip-shaped electrolytic copper plate above the sheet-shaped electrolytic copper plate along the wall of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, wrapping a chromium block with a copper sheet, placing the chromium block in the middle position surrounded by the strip-shaped electrolytic copper plate, filling protective gas into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace for atmosphere protection, starting the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace until the temperature in the furnace is 1100 +/-20 ℃, wrapping rare earth and copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy with the copper sheet, adding the rare earth and copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, vacuumizing the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace to 3.8-5.0 Pa under the protective gas atmosphere, raising the temperature in the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace to 1380 +/-20 ℃ for smelting, and keeping electromagnetic stirring in the smelting process to obtain;
s3: pouring
Refining, degassing and deoxidizing the alloy solution obtained in the step S2, introducing the alloy solution into a mold for cooling crystallization, and demolding to obtain an alloy ingot;
s4: ingot treatment
Extruding the alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 by using a hot extruder to obtain a section with the thickness of 8 +/-0.2 mm, the width of 65 +/-0.2 mm and the length of L, uniformly loading the section into a quenching furnace for solution treatment, setting the temperature of the quenching furnace to be 995 +/-10 ℃, stopping heating when the temperature of the quenching furnace rises to 995 ℃, starting heat preservation timing, keeping the heat preservation time for 1-1.5 h, cooling for 5-8 min, and draining for 1-2 min to obtain a treated section; and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the treated section, ensuring that each deformation of the section is 10-12%, preparing a contact finger section with the thickness of 5 +/-0.1 mm, the width of 70 +/-0.2 mm and the length of L, putting the contact finger section into an aging furnace for aging treatment, and carrying out heat preservation for 4-5 h at the temperature of 475 +/-5 ℃ for aging treatment.
S5: contact finger processing
Blanking, punching and bending the contact finger sectional material obtained in the step S4 by using a numerical control punch, wherein the radius of the bending part of the contact finger sectional material is 24mm, and splitting and milling two empty grooves on the bent contact finger sectional material by adopting machining to obtain a contact finger;
s6: surface treatment
And (5) carrying out surface deburring and integral shape correction on the contact finger obtained in the step S5, and then plating a nano silver layer with the thickness of 30 mu m on the electric contact surface of the contact finger to obtain a self-supporting contact finger product.
2. The method for preparing a self-supporting contact finger product of CuCrZr alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the chromium block, the copper-zirconium 40 intermediate alloy, the rare earth and the electrolytic copper plate contain inevitable impurities with a total amount of less than 0.30 percent.
3. The method for preparing a self-supporting contact finger product of CuCrZr alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the protective gas is argon with a purity of 99.99%.
4. The method for preparing a self-supporting contact finger product of a CuCrZr alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the mold is a graphite-lined water-cooled crystallizer.
5. The preparation method of the CuCrZr alloy material self-force contact finger product according to claim 1, wherein in S3, a filter screen is arranged at a feeding port of a die, and then casting is carried out, wherein the casting speed is kept at 50-100 mm/min.
6. The method for preparing a self-supporting contact finger product of a CuCrZr alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the casting speed is kept at 50-100 mm/min.
7. The method for preparing a self-supporting contact finger product made of CuCrZr alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the contact finger has a specification of 5 x 70 x 165, an inner bending radius of R24, the diameters of the two circular through holes are both 12mm, the distance between the centers of the two circular through holes and the left end of the contact finger section bar is 20mm, and the distance between the centers of the two circular through holes is 35 mm.
8. The method for preparing a self-supporting contact finger product of CuCrZr alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the width of the empty groove is 5mm, the length of the empty groove is 130mm, the distance between the two empty grooves is 20mm, and the left ends of the two empty grooves are both semicircular grooves with the radius of 2.5 mm.
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