CN111781731A - Double-light-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing - Google Patents
Double-light-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing Download PDFInfo
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及激光3D打印领域,特别是涉及一种用于金属SLM打印双光路耦合整形装置。The invention relates to the field of laser 3D printing, in particular to a double optical path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing.
背景技术Background technique
金属3D打印是当前国际研究热点和新兴领域。以金属激光选区熔化(SLM)为代表的3D打印技术已被列为我国基础研究工作的关键核心技术之一,其难点在于如何提高效率并保证质量及一致性。Metal 3D printing is a current international research hotspot and an emerging field. 3D printing technology represented by selective metal laser melting (SLM) has been listed as one of the key core technologies of basic research work in my country. The difficulty lies in how to improve efficiency and ensure quality and consistency.
目前国内外SLM研究基本都默认激光光束必须符合高斯分布,一旦提升功率就带来不稳定的小孔现象导致量下降,从而无法根本上提升打印效率。据相关研究表明,采用近平顶分布光源可以提高打印质量(显著抑制飞溅、减少打印缺陷),另外在打印铜/铝等高反射材料时,短波长激光可以显著提高激光吸收率,减少打印缺陷产生,进而提高打印效率和质量。At present, SLM research at home and abroad basically defaults that the laser beam must conform to the Gaussian distribution. Once the power is increased, the unstable pinhole phenomenon will lead to a decrease in the amount, so that the printing efficiency cannot be fundamentally improved. According to relevant studies, the use of a near-flat-top distributed light source can improve the printing quality (significantly suppress splashes and reduce printing defects). In addition, when printing highly reflective materials such as copper/aluminum, short-wavelength lasers can significantly improve the laser absorption rate and reduce printing defects. production, thereby improving printing efficiency and quality.
开发一种兼顾光束整形和双光路耦合的光学装置,一方面改变光束的能量分布及光斑尺寸,另外可以同步或者相互独立输入不同波长与功率的激光,对于开展不同波长、光斑能量分布、形状以及复合作用状态下的金属增材制造研究具有重大意义。Develop an optical device that takes into account both beam shaping and dual optical path coupling. On the one hand, the energy distribution and spot size of the beam can be changed, and lasers of different wavelengths and powers can be input synchronously or independently of each other. The research on metal additive manufacturing in the state of composite action is of great significance.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明提供一种能够实现不同波段、不同功率的双光路耦合输入,同时每个光路系统能够分别进行光束能量分布状态以及光斑形状整形的用于金属SLM打印的双光路耦合整形装置,具体方案如下:In order to solve the defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a dual optical path coupling input capable of realizing different wavelength bands and different powers, and at the same time, each optical path system can separately perform beam energy distribution state and spot shape shaping for metal SLM printing. Double optical path coupling shaping device, the specific scheme is as follows:
光路系统,包括激光器、沿着激光器出射激光光束传播方向依次设置的准直器、可变倍扩束镜和光束整形机构,激光器通过光纤连接准直器,准直器连接可变倍扩束镜,可变倍扩束镜连接光束整形机构。The optical path system includes a laser, a collimator, a variable magnification beam expander and a beam shaping mechanism arranged in sequence along the propagation direction of the outgoing laser beam from the laser. The laser is connected to the collimator through an optical fiber, and the collimator is connected to the variable magnification beam expander. , the variable magnification beam expander is connected to the beam shaping mechanism.
进一步地,所述光束整形机构包括电动切换装置、光束匀化器和光束整形器,所述电动切换装置包括第一电动模组、第二电动模组和固定支架,所述第一电动模组和第二电动模组分别固定在固定支架两侧,第一电模组两端分别设有第一限位开关和第二限位开关,在第二电模组两端分别设有第三限位开关和第四限位开关,光束匀化器设置在第一电动模组的伸缩件上,光束整形器设置在第二电动模组的伸缩件上。Further, the beam shaping mechanism includes an electric switching device, a beam homogenizer and a beam shaper, the electric switching device includes a first electric module, a second electric module and a fixing bracket, the first electric module and the second electric module are respectively fixed on both sides of the fixed bracket, the two ends of the first electric module are respectively provided with a first limit switch and a second limit switch, and the two ends of the second electric module are respectively provided with a third limit switch. A position switch and a fourth limit switch are provided, the beam homogenizer is arranged on the telescopic piece of the first electric module, and the beam shaper is arranged on the telescopic piece of the second electric module.
进一步地,经过所述光束匀化器整形后的平顶光斑形状为圆形平顶光斑,经过所述光束整形器整形后的平顶光斑形状为矩形平顶光斑、线形平顶光斑、椭圆形平顶光斑或根据需求进行定制特定形状的平顶光斑。Further, the shape of the flat-top light spot after shaping by the beam homogenizer is a circular flat-top light spot, and the shape of the flat-top light spot after being shaped by the beam shaper is a rectangular flat-top light spot, a linear flat-top light spot, and an elliptical light spot. Flat-top light spot or custom-made flat-top light spot of specific shape according to demand.
进一步地,包括控制系统,所述控制系统分别连接第一电动模组、第二电动模组、第一限位开关、第二限位开关、第三限位开关和第四限位开关。Further, a control system is included, the control system is respectively connected to the first electric module, the second electric module, the first limit switch, the second limit switch, the third limit switch and the fourth limit switch.
用于金属SLM打印双光路耦合整形装置,包括第三可变倍扩束镜、振镜系统、光束耦合器、工作平台和光路系统,所述光路系统设置有两个,第一光路系统射出平顶光斑的传播方向设置有第三可变倍扩束镜和振镜系统,第三可变倍扩束镜连接第一光束整形机构,第二光路系统垂直设置在第三可变倍扩束镜和振镜系统之间的上方,光束耦合器设置在第一光路系统和第二光路系统分别射出的平顶光斑垂直相交处,工作平台设置在振镜系统下方。The double optical path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing includes a third variable magnification beam expander, a galvanometer system, a beam coupler, a working platform and an optical path system. There are two optical path systems, and the first optical path system emits a flat beam. The propagation direction of the top spot is provided with a third variable magnification beam expander and a galvanometer system, the third variable magnification beam expander is connected to the first beam shaping mechanism, and the second optical path system is vertically arranged on the third variable magnification beam expander. Above and between the galvanometer system, the beam coupler is arranged at the vertical intersection of the flat-top light spots respectively emitted by the first optical path system and the second optical path system, and the working platform is arranged below the galvanometer system.
进一步地,所述振镜系统主要由第一振镜、第二振镜和场镜组成,所述第一振镜设置在光束整形机构射出平顶光斑传播的水平方向,第二振镜并列设置在第一振镜的垂直方向,场镜设置在第二振镜的下方。Further, the galvanometer system is mainly composed of a first galvanometer, a second galvanometer and a field mirror, the first galvanometer is arranged in the horizontal direction where the beam shaping mechanism emits a flat-top spot and the second galvanometer is arranged side by side. In the vertical direction of the first galvanometer, the field mirror is arranged below the second galvanometer.
采用所述的用于金属SLM打印双光路耦合整形装置的整形方法,包括如下步骤,第一光路系统射出的平顶光斑通过第三可变倍扩束镜调整其光斑尺寸后与第二光路系统射出的平顶光斑分别通过光束耦合器耦合为一束平顶光斑进入振镜系统,由振镜系统聚集到工作平台上进行激光加工Adopting the shaping method for the double optical path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing includes the following steps: the flat top light spot emitted by the first optical path system is adjusted by the third variable magnification beam expander to adjust its spot size with the second optical path system. The emitted flat-top light spots are respectively coupled into a beam of flat-top light spots through the beam coupler and enter the galvanometer system, and are collected by the galvanometer system on the working platform for laser processing.
本发明的优点Advantages of the present invention
(1)本发明提供用于金属SLM打印的双光路耦合整形装置,能进行不同波段,不同功率光源的单独或者同步耦合输入。(1) The present invention provides a dual optical path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing, which can perform independent or synchronous coupling input of light sources of different wavelength bands and different powers.
(2)本发明的双光路中的每个光路系统均能分别通过光束匀化器和光束整形器的切换实现高斯圆形光斑、圆形平顶光斑、矩形平顶光斑、线形平顶光斑、椭圆形平顶光斑或根据需求进行定制特定形状的平顶光斑等光束形态的自动切换。(2) Each optical path system in the dual optical path of the present invention can realize Gaussian circular light spot, circular flat top light spot, rectangular flat top light spot, linear flat top light spot, Automatic switching of beam forms such as elliptical flat-top spot or custom-shaped flat-top spot according to requirements.
(3)本发明的双光路耦合整形装置,由于激光光束是平顶分布,光斑范围内能量密度基本一致。为了保证单位面积功率不至于烧损材料,能在较大的激光功率时,增大光斑的尺寸,进而提高单次加工的宽度和厚度,从而提高打印效率。(3) In the dual optical path coupling shaping device of the present invention, since the laser beam has a flat-top distribution, the energy density within the range of the light spot is basically the same. In order to ensure that the power per unit area will not burn the material, the size of the light spot can be increased when the laser power is larger, thereby increasing the width and thickness of a single processing, thereby improving the printing efficiency.
(4)本发明的双光路耦合整形装置,由于能够同步输入两种不同功率的激光,其中一路作为主加工光路,另外一路用于预热或者后处理,可以有效降低高硬材料打印裂纹产生的倾向,提高打印质量。(4) The dual optical path coupling shaping device of the present invention can input two lasers of different powers simultaneously, one of which is used as the main processing optical path, and the other is used for preheating or post-processing, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of printing cracks in high-hard materials. Tendency to improve print quality.
(5)本发明的双光路耦合整形装置,能实现一套系统输入两种激光功率、六种光束形态(每种激光功率为三种光束形态)不同功率交互作用的加工,为开展低成本下多方位增材加工的研究提供一种解决方法。(5) The dual optical path coupling shaping device of the present invention can realize the processing of the interaction of two laser powers and six beam forms (each laser power is three beam forms) with different power interactions in one system, so as to develop low-cost and low-cost The study of multi-directional additive processing provides a solution.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明用于金属SLM打印的双光路耦合光束整形装置结构示意图;1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-optical path coupling beam shaping device for metal SLM printing according to the present invention;
图2为图1的每个光路系统的激光器射出的高斯激光示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Gaussian laser emitted by a laser of each optical path system of FIG. 1 .
图3为图1的双光路系统的整形光斑耦合后的示意图;FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the shaped light spot coupling of the dual optical path system of FIG. 1;
图4为图1的双光路耦合光路示意图;FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dual optical path coupling optical path of FIG. 1;
图5为图1的光束整形机构的结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the beam shaping mechanism of FIG. 1 .
图中:1、第一激光器;2、第一准直器;3、第一可变倍扩束镜;4、光束匀化器;5、光束整形器;6、第三可变倍扩束镜;7、光束耦合器;8、第二激光器;9、第二准直器;10、第二可变倍扩束镜;11、第一振镜;12、第二振镜;13、场镜;14、工作平台;15、第一限位开关;16.第二限位开关;17.第三限位开关;18.第四限位开关;19.第一电动模组;20.第二电动模组;21.固定支架;G.高斯激光;r:高斯激光的光斑半径;N:能量密度;F1:圆形平顶光斑;F2:矩形平顶光斑;F3:线形平顶光斑;R:平顶光斑的光斑半径;N1:平顶光斑的能量密度。In the figure: 1, the first laser; 2, the first collimator; 3, the first variable magnification beam expander; 4, the beam homogenizer; 5, the beam shaper; 6, the third variable magnification beam expander Mirror; 7, beam coupler; 8, second laser; 9, second collimator; 10, second variable magnification beam expander; 11, first galvanometer; 12, second galvanometer; 13, field Mirror; 14. Working platform; 15. The first limit switch; 16. The second limit switch; 17. The third limit switch; 18. The fourth limit switch; 19. The first electric module; 20. The first Two electric modules; 21. Fixed bracket; G. Gaussian laser; r: spot radius of Gaussian laser; N: energy density; F1: circular flat-top spot; F2: rectangular flat-top spot; F3: linear flat-top spot; R: the spot radius of the flat-top spot; N1: the energy density of the flat-top spot.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明,需要注意的是,本具体实施例和附图不用于限定本发明的权利范围。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments and accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the scope of rights of the present invention.
如图1至5所示,本具体实施例提供的用于金属SLM打印双光路耦合整形装置,包括光路系统、振镜系统、光束耦合器7和工作平台14,光路系统设置有两个,分别为第一光路系统和第二光路系统,第一光路系统射出平顶光斑的传播方向设置有第三可变倍扩束镜6和振镜系统。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 , the double optical path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing provided by this specific embodiment includes an optical path system, a galvanometer system, a
第一光路系统由第一激光器1、沿着第一激光器1射出的激光光束传播方向的第一准直器2、第一可变倍扩束镜3和第一光束整形机构组成光束传输通道,第一激光器1为光纤激光器,波长为1070-1080nm,激光光束为发散状态的高斯激光。第一激光器1通过光纤连接带有光纤接口的第一准直器2,第一准直器2通过螺栓连接第一可变倍扩束镜3,第一可变倍扩束镜3通过螺栓连接第一光束整形机构,第一光束整形机构3通过螺栓连接第三可变倍扩束镜6,第一准直器2将第一激光器1射出的激光光束由发散状态转为平行状态,第一可变倍扩束镜3将平行状态的入射激光光束的尺寸进行适度调整,以满足第一光束整形机构的入射尺寸需求,经过第一光束整形机构射出的整形后的平顶光斑调整实现能量分布和光斑尺寸变化。The first optical path system is composed of a
第二光路系统垂直设置在第一光路系统和振镜系统之间的上方,第二光路系统由第二激光器8、沿着第二激光器8射出的激光光束传播方向的第二准直器9、第二可变倍扩束镜10和第二光束整形机构组成光束传输通道,第二激光器8为非光纤激光器,非光纤激光器为半导体激光器或绿光激光器,激光光束处于近平顶状态或者高斯发散状态,波长和第一激光器1的不同。第二激光器8通过光纤连接带有光纤接口的第二准直器9,第二准直器9通过螺栓连接第二可变倍扩束镜10,第二可变倍扩束镜10通过螺栓连接第二光束整形机构,第二准直器9将第二激光器8射出的激光光束由发散状态转为平行状态,第二可变倍扩束镜10将平行状态的入射激光光束的尺寸进行适度调整,以满足第二光束整形机构的入射尺寸需求,经过第二光束整形机构的整形后的平顶光斑调整实现能量分布和光斑尺寸变化。The second optical path system is vertically arranged above the first optical path system and the galvanometer system. The second optical path system consists of the
第一激光器1和第二激光器2的作用在于射出激光光束并通过光纤进行传输,激光光束从光纤射出后发散传输。The functions of the
第一准直器2和第二准直器9的作用在于分别接入第一激光器1和第二激光器2射出的激光光束,并将发散传输的激光光束分别调整为平行传输,能量分布为高斯分布。The function of the
第一可变倍扩束镜3、第二可变倍扩束镜10的作用在于分别适度调整第一准直器2和第二准直器9输出的平行光斑尺寸,以分别满足第一光束整形机构和第二光束整形机构对激光光束的尺寸要求。The functions of the first variable
第三可变倍扩束镜6的作用在于调整第一光路系统射出的平顶光斑的光斑尺寸大小。The function of the third variable
光束耦合器设置在第一光路系统和第二光路系统分别射出的平顶光斑垂直相交处。第一激光器1和第二激光器2能分别同步射出不同功率、不同波长的激光光束,两束激光光束能够经过光束耦合器7耦合为一束激光光束后进入振镜系统,实现双光路耦合加工。第一激光器1和第二激光器2也能各自单独射出激光光束,经过光束耦合器7耦合进入振镜系统,实现单光路耦合加工。光束耦合器7根据第一激光器1和第二激光器8的波长选择合适的镀层,根据相应的功率配置相应的循环冷却单元,能够有效降低激光光束传输过程中的损耗,提高使用寿命。The beam coupler is arranged at the vertical intersection of the flat top light spots respectively emitted by the first optical path system and the second optical path system. The
如图5所示,第一光束整形机构和第二光束整形机构分别包括电动切换装置、光束匀化器4、光束整形器5、第一限位开关15、第二限位开关16、第三限位开关17、第四限位开关18和控制系统,电动切换装置包括第一电动模组19、第二电动模组20和固定支架21,所述第一电动模组19和第二电动模组20分别固定在固定支架21两侧,光束匀化器4设置在第一电动模组19的伸缩件上,第一限位开关15和第二限位开关16分别设置在第一电模组19两端,光束整形器5设置在第二电动模组20的伸缩件上,第三限位开关17和第四限位开关18分别设置在第二电模组20两端,所述第一电动模组12、第二电动模组13、第一限位开关15、第二限位开关16、第三限位开关17和第四限位开关18分别连接控制系统。As shown in FIG. 5 , the first beam shaping mechanism and the second beam shaping mechanism respectively include an electric switching device, a
经过光束匀化器4整形后的平顶光斑形状为圆形平顶光斑,经过光束整形器5整形后的平顶光斑形状为矩形平顶光斑、线形平顶光斑、椭圆形平顶光斑或根据需求进行定制特定形状的平顶光斑。The shape of the flat-top light spot after shaping by the
使用时,初始状态下,第一电动模组19的伸缩件位于第一限位开关15处,第二电动模组20的伸缩件位于第三限位开关17处。In use, in the initial state, the retractable part of the first
当需要将发散传输状态的激光光束整形为圆形平顶光斑时,控制系统控制第一电动模组19的伸缩件带动光束匀化器4向前伸出,进入光束传输通道,第二限位开关16检测到光束匀化器4的信号后,控制第一电动模组19停止工作,并发送光束匀化器4进入光束传输通道的到位检测信号给控制系统。When the laser beam in the divergent transmission state needs to be shaped into a circular flat-top spot, the control system controls the retractable part of the first
当需要整形为矩形平顶光斑、线形平顶光斑、椭圆形平顶光斑或根据需求进行定制特定形状的平顶光斑时,控制系统控制第一电动模组19的伸缩件带动光束匀化器4向后收缩,退出光束传输通道,第一限位开关15检测到光束匀化器4的信号后,控制第一电动模组19停止工作,并发送光束匀化器4退回初始位置的到位检测信息给控制系统,控制系统控制第二电动模组13的伸缩件带动光束整形器5向前伸出,进入光束传输通道,第四限位开关18检测到光束整形器5的信号后,控制第二电动模组20停止工作,并发送光束整形器5进入光束传输通道的到位检测信号给控制系统。When it needs to be shaped into a rectangular flat-top light spot, a linear flat-top light spot, an elliptical flat-top light spot, or a flat-top light spot with a specific shape customized according to requirements, the control system controls the expansion part of the first
光束匀化器4的作用在于将高斯分布的圆形平行光斑调整为平顶分布的圆形平行光斑,光斑的尺寸前后不发生变化。The function of the
光束整形器5作用在于将高斯分布的圆形平行光斑调整为平顶分布的矩形或者线形平行光斑,光斑的尺寸前后发生变化。The function of the
电动切换装置的作用在于一是实现光束匀化器4和光束整形器5自动切换,从而实现圆形平顶光斑和矩形/线型平顶光斑的转换;二是能使光束匀化器4和光束整形器5移位后,保持原有的高斯激光的输出状态。The function of the electric switching device is to realize the automatic switching between the
第一限位开关15目的在于限定第一电动模组19的伸缩件向后收缩至初始状态,并发送初始位置的到位检测信号给控制系统。The purpose of the
第二限位开关16目的在于限定第一电动模组19的伸缩件向前伸出的位置,并发送光束匀化器4向前伸出的到位检测信号给控制系统。The purpose of the
第三限位开关17目的在于限定第二电动模组20的伸缩件向后收缩至初始状态,并发送初始位置的到位检测信号给控制系统。The purpose of the
第四限位开关18目的在于限定第二电动模组20的伸缩件向前伸出的位置,并发送光束整形器5向前伸出的到位检测信号给控制系统。The purpose of the
振镜系统主要由第一振镜11、第二振镜12和场镜13组成,第一振镜11设置在光束整形机构射出平顶光斑传播的水平方向,第二振镜12并列设置在第一振镜11的垂直方向,场镜13设置在第二振镜12的下方,平顶光斑通过场镜13聚集到达工作平台14表面对金属粉末进行加工,工作平台14作为粉末打印载体设置在振镜系统下方。The galvanometer system is mainly composed of a
第一振镜11和第二振镜12的作用在于通过电机旋转带动其镜片转动进而改变激光光束的传输方向,实现X/Y两个方向激光位置的调整。本系统采用双振镜结构,能根据设备的打印幅面、功率及波长需求对振镜系统和场镜进行设计选型。The functions of the
场镜13的作用在于将第二振镜12的激光光束进行聚焦到合适的尺寸。The function of the
工作平台14用于承载金属粉末的平台,平台上的金属粉末经过激光加热熔化并进行多层加工形成最终的需要的产品。The working
采用用于金属SLM打印双光路耦合整形装置的整形方法,包括如下步骤,第一光路系统射出的平顶光斑通过第三可变倍扩束镜6调整其光斑尺寸后和第二光路系统分别射出的平顶光斑通过光束耦合器7耦合为一束平顶光斑进入第一振镜11,转动第一振镜11的镜片改变平顶光斑的传输方向后进入第二振镜12,转动第二振镜12的镜片改变该平顶光斑的传输方向进入场镜13,由场镜13聚集到工作平台14上进行激光加工。The shaping method used for metal SLM printing double optical path coupling shaping device includes the following steps: the flat-top light spot emitted by the first optical path system is adjusted by the third variable
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.
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