CN111788184B - 用作C5aR抑制剂的二芳基取代的5,5-稠合环化合物 - Google Patents
用作C5aR抑制剂的二芳基取代的5,5-稠合环化合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明具体提供了式(I)所示的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其为C5a受体的调节剂。还提供了药物组合物和使用方法,包括治疗与C5a的病理学激活相关的疾病或病症以及非医药应用。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求2017年12月22日提交的美国临时申请第62/609,844号的优先权,其通过引用整体本文。
联邦支持的研究与开发有关发明权的声明
不适用
参考在光盘上提交的“序列表”、表格或计算机程序列表附录
不适用
发明背景
补体系统(complement system)在免疫复合物的清除以及对传染因子、外源抗原、病毒感染的细胞和肿瘤细胞的免疫反应中起着核心作用。由于严重的炎症和导致的组织破坏,补体系统的不适当或过度激活会导致危害性、和甚至可能危及生命的后果。这些后果临床上在各种疾病中有体现,包括脓毒性休克;心肌以及肠缺血性/再灌注损伤;移植排斥;器官衰竭;肾炎;病理性炎症和自身免疫性疾病。
补体系统由一组蛋白质组成,这些蛋白质通常以无活性状态存在于血清中。补体系统的激活主要包括三种不同的途径,即经典途径、旁路(alternative)途径和凝集素途径(VM Holers,临床免疫学:原理与实践(In Clinical Immunology:Principles and Practice),RR Rich编,莫斯比出版社(Mosby Press);1996,363-391):1)经典途径是钙/镁依赖性级联,其通常通过抗原-抗体络合物的形成来激活。其还可以通过与配体复合的C反应蛋白(与配体复合)的结合、以及通过许多病原体(包括革兰氏阴性细菌),以抗体非依赖性方式激活。2)旁路途径是镁依赖性级联,其通过在某些敏感表面(例如酵母和细菌的细胞壁多糖,以及某些生物聚合物材料)上C3的沉积和活化来激活。3)凝集素途径涉及甘露糖结合凝集素的初始结合,以及随后C2和C4的激活,这是经典途径常见的(Matsushita,M等人,实验医学杂志(J.Exp.Med.)176:1497-1502(1992);Suankratay,C等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol)160:3006-3013(1998))。
补体途径的激活产生补体蛋白的生物活性片段,例如C3a、C4a和C5a过敏毒素和C5b-9膜攻击复合物(MAC),它们均通过影响白细胞趋化性;活化巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板、肥大细胞和内皮细胞;以及增加血管通透性、细胞溶解和组织损伤来介导炎症反应。
补体C5a是补体系统最有效的促炎介质之一。(在引起炎症反应方面,按摩尔计算,过敏性C5a肽比C3a强100倍)。C5a是C5的活化形式(190kD,分子量)。C5a以约80μg/ml存在于人血清中(Kohler,P.F等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol)99:1211-1216(1967))。它由两条多肽链(α和β)组成,其分子量分别约为115kD和75kD(Tack,BF等人,生物化学(Biochemistry)18:1490-1497(1979))。生物合成为单链前分子,在加工和分泌过程中C5被酶切成双链结构。切割后,两条链通过至少一个二硫键以及非共价相互作用保持在一起(Ooi,Y.M等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol)124:2494-2498(1980))。
在补体途径的活化过程中,C5被切割成C5a和C5b片段。用于经典途径的C5激活的转化酶是C4b、C2a和C3b的多亚基复合物,用于旁路途径的是(C3b)2、Bb和P的多亚基复合物(Goldlust,M.B等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol).113:998-1007(1974);Sc hreiber,R.D等人,美国科学院院报(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.)75:3948-3952(1978))。C5通过在α-链的74-75位(Arg-Leu)的裂解而被激活。活化后,释放来自α-链的氨基末端部分11.2kD,74个氨基酸肽C5a。C5a和C3a都是中性粒细胞和单核细胞的有效刺激物(Schindler,R等人,血液(Blood)76:1631-1638(1990);Haeffner-Cavaillon,N等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol)138:794-700(1987);Cavaillon,J.M等人,欧洲免疫学杂志(Eur.J.Immunol)20:253-257(1990))。
C5a除了具有过敏毒性外,还诱导嗜中性粒细胞(Ward,P.A等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol)102:93-99(1969))、嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophils)(Kay,A.B等人,免疫学(Immunol)24:969-976(1973))、嗜碱性粒细胞(Lett-Brown,M.A等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol)117:246-252 1976))和单核细胞(Snyderman,R等人,实验生物学与医学学会学报(Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med.)138:387-390 1971))的趋化性迁移(chemotactic migration)。C5a和C5b-9均激活内皮细胞以表达对隔离活化的白血细胞(其介导组织炎症和损伤)至关重要的粘附分子(adhesion molecules)(Foreman,K.E等人,临床研究杂志(J.Clin.Invest.)94:1147-1155(1994);Foreman,K.E等人,炎症(Inflammation)20:1-9(1996);Rollins,S.A等人,移植(Transplantation)69:1959-1967(2000))。C5a还通过引起平滑肌收缩、增加血管通透性、诱导嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞脱粒和诱导溶酶体蛋白酶和氧化自由基的释放来介导炎症反应(Gerard,C等人,免疫学年鉴(An n.Rev.Immunol.)12:775-808(1994))。此外,C5a通过增加TNF-α、IL-1-β、IL-6、IL-8、前列腺素和白三烯的产生来调节肝急性期基因表达和增强总体免疫反应(La mbris,J.D等人,发表在:健康与疾病中的人类补充系统(In:The Human Compleme nt System in Health and Disease),Volanakis,J.E编,马塞尔德克(Marcel Dekker),纽约州第83-118页)。
C5a的过敏反应和趋化作用被认为是通过其与C5a受体的相互作用介导的。人C5a受体(C5aR)是52kD膜结合G蛋白偶联受体,在嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、肝细胞、肺平滑肌和内皮细胞以及肾小球组织中表达(Van-Ep ps,D.E等人免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)132:2862-2867(1984);Haviland,D.L等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)154:1861-1869(1995);Wetsel,R.A.,Immunol.Leff.44:183-187(1995);Buchner,R.R等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)155:308-315(1995);Chenoweth,D.E等人,美国科学学院学报(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.),75:3943-3947(1978);Zwirner,J等人,分子免疫(Mol.Immunol.),36:877-884(1999))。C5aR的配体结合位点是复杂的,并且由至少两个物理上可分离的结合域组成。一个结合C5a氨基末端(氨基酸1-20)和二硫键连接的核心(氨基酸21-61),而另一个结合C5a羧基末端(氨基酸62-74)(Wetsel,R.A,免疫学的最新观点(Curr.Opin.Immunol.)7:48-53(1995))。
C5a在炎症和组织损伤中起重要作用。在心肺旁路和血液透析中,当人类血液与心肺机或肾脏透析机的人造表面接触时,C5a的形成是旁路补充途径的激活的结果(H oward,R.J等人,外科学文献(Arch.Surg.)123:1496-1501(1988);Kirklin,J.K等人,心血管外科杂志(J.Cardiovasc.Surg.)86:845-857(1983);Craddock,P.R等人,N.Engl.J.Med.296:769-774(1977))。C5a导致毛细血管通透性和水肿、支气管收缩、肺血管收缩、白细胞和血小板活化以及向组织(特别是肺)的浸润增加(Czermak,B.J等人,白细胞生物学杂志(J.Leukoc.Biol.)64:40-48(1998))。施用抗C5a单克隆抗体已显示出可减少心肺旁路和心麻痹引起的冠状动脉内皮功能障碍(Tofukuji,M等人,胸心血管外科杂志(J.Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg.)116:1060-1068(1998))。
C5a还涉及急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和多器官衰竭(MOF)(Hack,C.E等人,美国医学杂志(Am.J.Med.)1989:86:20-26;Hammerschmidt)DE等人柳叶刀(Lancet)1980;1:947-949;Heideman M.等人J.Trauma1984;4:1038-1043;Marc,MM,等人,美国呼吸系统细胞和分子生物学杂志(Am.J.Respir.Cell and Mol.Biol.),2004:31:216-219)。C5a增加了单核细胞生成产生两种重要的促炎细胞因子(TNF-α和IL-1)。在脓毒性休克的动物模型中,C5a在组织损伤尤其是肺损伤的进展中也显示出重要作用(Smedegard G等人,美国病理学杂志(Am.J.Pathol.),1989;135:489-497;Markus,S等人,美国实验生物学会联合会杂志(FASEB Journal)(2001),15:568-570)。在使用大鼠、猪和非人类灵长类动物的脓毒症模型中,在内毒素或大肠杆菌处理前向动物施用抗C5a抗体可减少组织损伤,并减少IL-6的产生(Smedegard,G等人,美国病理学杂志(Am.J.Pathol.).135:489-497(1989);Hopken,U等人,欧洲免疫学杂志(Eur.J.Immuno l.).26:1103-1109(1996);Stevens,J.H等人,临床研究杂志(J.Clin.Invest.)77:1812-1816(1986))。更重要的是,阻断剂或具有抗-C5a多克隆抗体的C5a显示出可显著提高大鼠脓毒症的盲肠结扎/穿刺模型中的存活率。(Czermak,B.J等人,自然医学(Nat.Med.)5:788-792(1999))。该模型与人类的脓毒症的临床表现有许多相似之处。(Par ker,S.J等人,英国外科学杂志(Br.J.Surg.)88:22-30(2001))。在同一脓毒症模型中,抗-C5a抗体显示出可抑制胸腺细胞凋亡(Guo,R.F等人,J.Clin.Invest.106:1271-1280(2000))并预防MOF(Huber-Lang,M等人,J.Immunol.166:1193-1199(2001))。抗C5a抗体在大鼠肺损伤的眼镜蛇毒因子模型中,以及在免疫复合物诱导的肺损伤中也具有保护作用(Mulligan,M.S等人,临床研究杂志(J.Clin.Invest.98:503-512(1996))。后来在小鼠中证实了C5a在免疫复合物介导的肺损伤中的重要性(Bozic,C.R等人,科学(Science)26:1103-1109(1996))。
发现C5a是心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的主要介质。补体损耗减少了小鼠的心肌梗死面积(Weisman,H.F等人,科学(Science)249:146-151(1990)),并且用抗C5a抗体的治疗减少了大鼠后肢缺血-再灌注模型的损伤(Bless,N.M等人,美国生理学杂志(Am.J.Physiol.)276:L57-L63(1999))。在用单克隆抗C5a IgG治疗的猪中,心肌梗塞期间的再灌注损伤也显著降低(Amsterdam,E.A等人,美国生理学杂志(Am.J.Ph ysiol.)268:H448-H457(1995))。重组人C5aR拮抗剂在外科血管重建的猪模型中减小了梗塞面积(Riley,R.D等人,胸心血管外科杂志(J.Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg.)120:350-358(2000))。
C5a驱动的中性粒细胞还导致许多大疱性疾病(例如大疱性天疱疮、寻常性天疱疮和叶天疱疮)。这些是慢性和复发性炎性疾病,临床上以在皮肤和粘膜的亚表皮空间出现的无菌水泡为特征。虽然据信对位于皮肤基底膜的角质形成细胞的自身抗体是表皮基底角质形成细胞与下面的基底膜分离的基础,但水泡的另一特征是中性粒细胞在真皮上层和水泡腔内的积累。在实验模型中,即使存在高自身抗体滴度,中性粒细胞的减少或补体的缺乏(总的或C5选择性的)也可以抑制表皮下水疱的形成。
类风湿关节炎(Jose,P.J等人,风湿病年鉴(Ann.Rheum.Dis.)49:747-752(1990);Grant,E.P等人,实验医学杂志(J.of Exp.Med.),196(11):1461-1471,(2002))、狼疮性肾炎(Bao,L.,等人,欧洲免疫学杂志(Eur.J.of Immunol.),35(8),2496-2506,(2005))和系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)(Porcel,J.M等人,临床免疫学与免疫病理学(Clin.Immunol.Immunopathol.)74:283-288(1995))患者的补体水平升高。C5a水平与疾病状态的严重程度相关。小鼠和大鼠中胶原蛋白诱导的关节炎类似于人的类风湿关节炎疾病。缺乏C5a受体的小鼠表现出对注射单克隆抗胶原Abs诱导的关节炎的完全保护(Banda,N.K等人,免疫学杂志(J.of Immunol.),2003,171:2109-2115)。因此,抑制C5a和/或C5a受体(C5aR)可用于治疗这些慢性疾病。
据信补体系统在炎性肠道疾病(IBD)患者中被激活,并且被认为在疾病发病机理中起作用。在IBD患者的表面上皮细胞的腔表面上以及肌层粘膜和粘膜下血管中发现了活化的补体产物(Woodruff,T.M等人,免疫学杂志(J of Immunol.),2003,171:5514-5520)。
在发炎的人中枢神经系统中的反应性星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和内皮细胞的C5aR表达上调(Gasque,P等人,美国病理学杂志(Am.J.Pathol.).150:31-41(1997))。C5a可能涉及神经退行性疾病,例如阿尔茨海默氏病(Mukherjee,P等人,神经免疫学杂志(J.Neuroimmunol.)105:124-130(2000);O”Barr,S等人,神经免疫学杂志(J.Neuroimmunol.),(2000)105:87-94;Farkas,I等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.),(2003)170:5764-5771)、帕金森病、匹克病和传染性海绵状脑病。神经元C5aR的活化可以诱导细胞凋亡(Farkas I等人生理学杂志(J.Physiol.)1998;507:679-687)。因此,抑制C5a和/或C5aR也可用于治疗神经退行性疾病。
有证据表明,C5a的产生会加重与特应性皮炎相关的炎症(Neuber,K等人,免疫学(Immunology)73:83-87,(1991))和慢性荨麻疹(Kaplan,A.P.,J.Allergy Clin.Immunol.114;465-474,(2004)。
现在已知牛皮癣是T细胞介导的疾病(Gottlieb,E.L等人,自然医学(Nat.Med.)1:442-447(1995))。然而,嗜中性粒细胞和肥大细胞也可能参与该疾病的发病过程(Ter ui,T等人,实验皮肤病学(Exp.Dermatol).9:1-10;2000);Werfel,T.等人,皮肤病症相关档案研究(Arch.Dermatol.Res.)289:83-86(1997))。在牛皮癣菌斑的高度发炎区域观察到了中性粒细胞在角质层下的蓄积,牛皮癣病变(鳞屑)提取物含有高度升高的C5a水平并且显示出对中性粒细胞具有强大的趋化活性(一种可通过添加C5a抗体来抑制的作用)。T细胞和嗜中性粒细胞被C5a化学吸引(Nataf,S.等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)162:4018-4023(1999);Tsuji,R.F等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)165:1588-1598(2000);Cavaillon,J.M.等人,欧洲免疫学杂志(Eur.J.Immunol.)20:253-257(1990))。此外,C5aR的表达已在皮肤性红斑狼疮的病变中分离出的浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)中得到证明,并且这些细胞显示出对C5a的趋化行为,这表明在pDC上阻断C5aR可能有效减少pDC对SLE和牛皮癣皮肤的浸润。因此,C5a可以是用于治疗牛皮癣的重要治疗靶标。
含免疫球蛋白G的免疫复合物(IC)是许多自身免疫性疾病(例如系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎、休格连氏病(Sjogren’s disease)、古德帕斯彻氏综合症(Goodpastur e's syndrome)和过敏性肺炎)的病理生理学基础(Madaio,M.P.,肾脏病研讨会(Semin.Nephrol.)19:48-56(1999);Korganow,A.S.等人,免疫(Immunity)10:451-459(1999);Bolten,W.K.,国际肾脏杂志(Kidney Int.)50:1754-1760(1996);Ando,M.等人,当前肺医学的观点(C urr.Opin.Pulm.Med.)3:391-399(1997))。这些疾病具有高度异质性且通常影响下述一个或多个器官:皮肤、血管、关节、肾脏、心脏、肺、神经系统和肝脏(包括肝硬化和肝纤维化)。用于这些IC疾病中炎症反应的经典动物模型是阿图斯(Arthus)反应,其特征是多形核细胞浸润、出血和血浆渗出(Arthus,M.,C.R.Soc.Biol.55:817-824(1903))。最近的研究表明,C5aR缺陷型小鼠免受IC诱导的组织损伤(Kohl,J等人,分子免疫(Mol.Immunol.)36:893-903(1999);Baumann,U等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)164:1065-1070(2000))。该结果与一种小肽类抗C5aR拮抗剂抑制了由IC沉积引起的炎症反应所观察到的一致(Strachan,A.J等人,疫学杂志(J.Immunol.).164:6560-6565(2000))。C5a及其受体一起在IC疾病的发病机理中起重要作用。C5a和C5aR抑制剂可用于治疗这些疾病。
相关技术描述:
已经报道了基于非肽的C5a受体拮抗剂有效治疗了大鼠的内毒素休克(Stracham,A.J等人,免疫学杂志(J.ofImmunol.)(2000),164(12):6560-6565);并用于在大鼠模型中治疗IBD(Woodruff,T.M等人,免疫学杂志(JofImmunol.),2003,171:5514-5520)。基于非肽的C5a受体调节剂也已在神经元公司(Neurogen Corporation)(例如WO2004/043925、WO2004/018460、WO2005/007087,WO03/082826、WO03/08828、WO02/49993、WO03/084524);东佩S.P.A(Dompe S.P.A.)(WO02/029187);昆士兰大学(WO2004/100975);和凯莫森特里克斯(ChemoCentryx)(WO2010/075257)的专利文献中进行了描述。
文献中有大量的实验证据表明C5a水平升高与多种疾病和病症(尤其是自身免疫和炎性疾病和病症)有关。因此,在本领域中仍然需要新的有机小分子C5a受体(C5aR)的调节剂(例如激动剂,优选拮抗剂、部分激动剂),其可用于抑制病原事件(pathogenicevents),例如与过敏毒素活性相关的趋化性。本发明满足了这一需求和其他需求。
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明提供了式(I)所示的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中符号、字母和下标n、m、a、b、e、X1、R1、R2a、R2b、R3、R4和R5具有以下描述提供的含义。
除了本发明提供的化合物外,本发明还提供了含一种或多种这些化合物的药物组合物,以及这些化合物在主要来治疗与C5a信号传导活性相关的疾病的治疗方法中的用途。
在另一方面,本发明提供了诊断个体中疾病的方法。在这些方法中,将本文提供的化合物以标记的形式向对象施用,随后通过诊断性成像以确定C5aR的存在或不存在和/或表达C5aR受体的细胞的定位。在相关的方面,诊断疾病的方法通过将组织或血液样本与本文提供的标记化合物接触并确定样本中C5aR存在、不存在、量或定位来进行。
附图简要说明
不适用
I.缩写和定义
除非另有说明,术语”烷基”,本身或作为另一个取代基的一部分,是指具有指定碳原子数(即C1-8是指1至8个碳)的直链或支链烃基。烷基的例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基,以及类似基团。术语“烯基”是指具有一个或多个双键的不饱和烃基。类似地,术语“炔基”是指具有一个或多个三键的不饱和烃基。这种不饱和烷基的实例包括乙烯基、2-丙烯基、巴豆基、2-异戊烯基,2-(丁二烯基)、异丁烯基、2,4-戊二烯基、3-(1,4-戊二烯基)、乙炔基、1-和3-丙炔基、3-丁炔基以及高级同系物和异构体。术语”环烷基”是指具有指定数量的环原子(例如,C3-6环烷基)并且完全饱和或环顶点之间具有不超过一个双键的烃环。”环烷基”也可指双环烃环和多环烃环,例如,双环[2.2.1]庚烷、双环[2.2.2]辛烷等。术语“杂环烷基”是指含一至五个选自N、O和S的杂原子的环烷基,其中,氮和硫原子任选地被氧化,以及氮原子任选地被季铵化。所述杂环烷基可以是单环、双环或多环系统。杂环烷基的非限制性示例包括:吡咯烷、咪唑烷、吡唑烷、丁内酰胺、戊内酰胺、咪唑啉酮(imidazolidinone)、乙内酰脲、二氧戊环、邻苯二甲酰亚胺(phthalimide)、哌啶、1,4-二氧六环、吗啉、硫代吗啉、硫代吗啉-S-氧化物、硫代吗啉-S,S-氧化物、哌嗪、吡喃、吡啶酮、3-吡咯啉、噻喃、吡喃酮、四氢呋喃,四氢噻吩、奎宁环,以及类似基团。杂环烷基可通过环碳或杂原子与分子的其他部分连接。
术语“亚烷基”本身或作为另一取代基的一部分,是指衍生自烷烃的二价基团,如-CH2CH2CH2CH2-。通常,烷基(或亚烷基)会有1至24个碳原子,在本发明中优选具有10个或更少碳原子的那些基团。“低级烷基”或“低级亚烷基”是通常具有四个或更少碳原子的短链烷基或亚烷基。类似地,“亚烯基”和“亚炔基”分别是指具有双键或三键的“亚烷基”的不饱和形式。
除非另外说明,术语“杂烷基”本身或与另一术语组合是指稳定的直链或支链或环状烃基,或其组合,由所述数量的碳原子和一至三个选自O、N、Si和S的杂原子组成,以及其中氮和硫原子可任选被氧化,以及氮杂原子可任选被季铵化。杂原子O、N和S可位于杂烷基内的任何位置。杂原子Si可以位于杂烷基的任何位置,包括烷基与分子的其余部分连接的位置。实例包括:-CH2-CH2-O-CH3、-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3、-CH2-CH2-N(CH3)-CH3、-CH2-S-CH2-CH3、-CH2-CH2,-S(O)-CH3、-CH2-CH2-S(O)2-CH3、-CH=CH-O-CH3、-Si(CH3)3、-CH2-CH=N-OCH3,和-CH=CH-N(CH3)-CH3。至多两个杂原子可以是连续的,例如-CH2-NH-OCH3和-CH2-O-Si(CH3)3。类似地,除非另外说明,术语“杂烯基”和“杂炔基”本身或与另一术语组合,表示分别是指包含所述数量的碳和具有一至三个选自O、N、Si和S的杂原子的烯基或炔基,以及其中氮和硫原子可任选被氧化,以及氮杂原子可任选被季铵化。杂原子O、N和S可位于杂烷基内的任何位置。
术语“杂亚烷基”本身或作为另一个取代基的一部分是指衍生自杂烷基的饱和或不饱和或多不饱和的二价基团,例如-CH2-CH2-S-CH2CH2-和-CH2-S-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-、-OCH2CH=CH-、-CH2CH=C(H)CH2OCH2-和-SCH2C≡C-。对于杂亚烷基,杂原子也可以位于链末端中的一个或两个(例如,亚烷氧基、亚烷基二氧基、亚烷基氨基、亚烷基二氨基等)。
术语”烷氧基”、”烷氨基”和”烷硫基”(或硫代烷氧基)采用它们的传统意义,是指分别通过氧原子、氨基或硫原子与分子其他部分连接的那些烷基。另外,对于二烷氨基,烷基部分可以相同或不同,且可通过与其连接的氮原子结合形成3-7元环连接。因此,用-NRaRb表示的基团包括哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、氮杂啶(azetidinyl)等。
术语“羟烷基”以其常规含义使用,是指被至少一个羟基取代的支链或直链烷基。羟基可以在烷基中的任何位置。例如,术语“C1-4羟烷基”是指包括:羟甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基、羟异丙基等。
除非另外说明,术语”卤代”或”卤素”它们本身或作为另一取代基的一部分,是指氟、氯、溴或碘原子。另外,诸如“卤代烷基”的术语意在包括单卤代烷基和多卤代烷基。例如,术语“C1-4卤代烷基”是指包括三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、4-氯丁基、3-溴丙基等。
除非另有说明,术语”芳基”是指多不饱和通常为芳香性的烃基,其可以是单环或稠合在一起或共价连接的多环(最多三环)。术语“杂芳基”是指含一至五个选自N、O和S的杂原子的芳基(或环),其中氮和硫原子任选地被氧化和氮原子任选地被季铵化。杂芳基可通过杂原子与分子的其他部分连接。芳基的非限制性例子包括:苯基、萘基和联苯基;且杂芳基的非限制性例子包括:吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基(cinnolinyl)、酞嗪基(phthalaziniyl)、苯并三嗪基、嘌呤基、苯并咪唑基、苯并吡唑基、苯并噁唑基(benzooxazolyl)、苯并三唑基、苯并异恶唑基、异苯并呋喃基、异吲哚基、吲哚啉嗪(indolizinyl)、苯并三嗪基、噻吩并吡啶基、噻吩并嘧啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、苯并噻唑基(benzothiaxolyl)、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、吲唑基、蝶啶基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、恶唑基、异恶唑基、噻二唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基,以及类似基团。用于上述记载的每个芳基和杂芳基环系统的取代基选自后文所述的可接受的取代基。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”意指包括用相对无毒的酸或碱制备的活性化合物的盐,这取决于本文所述化合物上存在的特定取代基。当本发明化合物含有相对较酸性的官能团时,碱加成盐可以通过使这些化合物的中性形式与足够量的所需碱(无溶剂或在合适的惰性溶剂中)接触而获得。衍生自药学上可接受的无机碱的盐的实例包括铝盐、铵盐、钙盐、铜盐、铁盐、亚铁盐、锂盐、镁盐、三价锰盐、二价锰盐、钾盐、钠盐、锌盐等。衍生自药学上可接受的有机碱的盐包括伯胺、仲胺和叔胺的盐,包括取代的胺、环胺、天然存在的胺等,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、胆碱、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、葡糖胺、葡萄糖胺、组氨酸、海巴明(hydrabamine)、异丙基胺、赖氨酸、甲基葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙基胺、氨丁三醇以及类似基团。当本发明化合物含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以通过使这些化合物的中性形式与足够量的所需酸接触而获得酸加成盐,所述酸可以是无溶剂的或在合适的惰性溶剂中。药学上可接受的酸加成盐的实例包括衍生自无机酸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、一氢碳酸、磷酸、一氢磷酸、二氢磷酸、硫酸、一氢硫酸、氢碘酸或亚磷酸等的那些、以及衍生自如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、富马酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸等相对无毒的有机酸的盐。还包括氨基酸,例如精氨酸等的盐,以及有机酸,例如葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸等的盐(参见,例如,Berge,S.M.等,“药用盐(Pharmaceutical Salts)”,药物科学杂志(Journal of Pharmaceutical Science),1977,66,1-19)。本发明的某些具体化合物同时含有碱性和酸性官能团,使得化合物可以转化为碱或酸加成盐。
化合物的中性形式可通过使盐与碱或酸接触并以常规方式分离母体化合物而再生。所述化合物的母体形式在某些物理性质上不同于各种盐形式,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度,但是,就本发明目的而言,所述盐相当于所述化合物的母体形式。
除了盐形式外,本发明提供了以前药形式存在的化合物。本文所述化合物的前药是在生理条件下易于发生化学变化以提供本发明化合物的那些化合物。另外,前药可以在离体环境中通过化学或生物化学方法转化为本发明的化合物。例如,当将前药置于具有合适的酶或化学试剂的透皮贴剂储库中时,前药可以缓慢转化为本发明的化合物。
本发明的某些化合物可以非溶剂化形式以及溶剂化形式存在,包括水合形式。通常,溶剂化形式相当于非溶剂化形式,并且意图包括在本发明的范围内。本发明的某些化合物可以以多晶或无定形形式存在。通常,所有物理形式对于本发明所设想的用途是等同的,并且意图在本发明的范围内。
本发明的某些化合物具有不对称碳原子(光学中心)或双键;外消旋体,非对映异构体,几何异构体,区域异构体和单个异构体(例如单独的对映异构体)均旨在包括在本发明的范围内。本发明的化合物还可以在构成这些化合物的一个或多个原子上含有非天然比例的原子同位素。例如,化合物可以用放射性同位素(例如氚(3H)、碘125(125I)或碳14(14C))进行放射性标记。本发明化合物的所有同位素变体,无论是否是放射性的,均旨在被包括在本发明的范围内。
如本文所用,与本文所描述的任何化学结构中的单键、双键或三键相交的波浪线表示单键,双键或三键与分子的其余部分的连接点。
II.具体实施方式
A.化合物
在一个方面,本发明提供式(I)所示的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中,
环顶点a为N或C(R2c),环顶点b为N或C(R2d),和环顶点e为N或C(R2e),其中,a、b和e中至多一个为N;
X1选自下组:键、C1-8亚烷基、C(O)、C(O)-C1-4亚烷基和S(O)2;
R1选自下组:
a)具有1至4个选自N、O和S的杂原子作为环顶点的5至10元杂芳基;
b)C6-10芳基;
c)C3-8环烷基;
d)具有1至2个选自N、O和S的杂原子作为环顶点的4至8元杂环烷基;和
e)C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C1-8卤代烷基、–C(O)NR1aR1b和–CO2R1a;其中,R1a和R1b各自独立地选自下组:氢、C1-8烷基、C6-10芳基和-C1-6亚烷基-C6-10芳基;
其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选被1至5个Rx取代基取代;
R2a和R2e各自独立地选自下组:氢、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6卤代烷基、-O-C1-6卤代烷基、-S-C1-6烷基、-C1-6烷基-O-C1-6烷基、-C1-6烷基-S-C1-6烷基、CN,和卤素,且R2a和R2e中至少有一个不为氢;
R2b、R2c和R2d各自独立地选自下组:氢、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6卤代烷基、-O-C1-6卤代烷基、-S-C1-6烷基、-C1-6烷基-O-C1-6烷基、-C1-6烷基-S-C1-6烷基、CN,和卤素;
各R3独立地选自下组:羟基、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基和C1-4羟基烷基,并且任选地,同一碳原子上的两个R3基团结合形成氧代基(=O),并且任选地,两个R3基团与它们所连接的碳原子形成具有0-2个选自O、N和S的杂原子作为环成员的3-6元环;
R4独立选自下组:–X2-OR4a、–X2-NR4aR4b、–X2-CONR4aR4b、-X2-NR4a-C(O)NR4aR4b、-X2-NR4a-C(O)-C1-3亚烷基-OR4a和X2-NR4a-C(O)-C1-3亚烷基-NR4aR4b;其中,各X2独立地为键、C(O)、C1-4亚烷基、C(O)-C1-4亚烷基和C1-4亚烷基-C(O),和各R4a和R4b独立地选自下组:氢、C1-4烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;
各R5独立地选自下组:C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C1-8卤代烷基、C1-8卤代烷氧基、C1-8羟基烷基、卤素、OH、CN、C(O)R5a和CO2R5a;其中,各R5a独立地选自下组:氢、C1-4烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;
各Rx独立地选自下组:卤素、CN、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4羟基、C2-4烯基、C3-6环烷基、CO2-C1-4烷基和CONH2;
下标m为0、1、2、3或4;和
下标n为0、1、2或3。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物由式(Ia)或(Ib)表示:
在式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)的化合物的一组实施方式中,R4选自下组:
在式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的另一组实施方式中,R4选自下组:
在式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的又一组实施方式中,其中,R4选自下组:
关于式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述实施方式的任何组,在某些选定的实施方式中,X1为键;在其他选定的实施方式中,X1为C(O);在另一些选定的实施方式中,X1为C1-8亚烷基;在其他选定的实施方式中,X1为C(O)-C1-4亚烷基或S(O)2。
关于式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何组或选定的实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,其中,R1为具有1至4个选自N、O和S的杂原子作为环顶点的5至10元杂芳基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。在进一步的实施方式中,R1选自下组:吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基和吡嗪基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
关于式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何组或选定的实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,其中,R1为C6-10芳基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。在进一步的实施方式中,R1为苯基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
关于式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何组或选定的实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,R1为C3-8环烷基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。在进一步的实施方式中,R1选自下组:环丁基、环戊基和环己基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
关于式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何组或选定的实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,R1为具有1-2个选自N、O和S的杂原子作为环顶点的4至8元杂环烷基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。在进一步选定的实施方式中,R1选自下组:氧杂环丁基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基和吗啉基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
关于式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何组或选定的实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,R1选自下组:C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C1-8卤代烷基、–C(O)NR1aR1b和–CO2R1a;其中,R1a和R1b各自独立地选自下组:氢、C1-8烷基、C6-10芳基和-C1-6亚烷基-C6-10芳基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
关于式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何组或选定的实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,R1选自下组:苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基和吡嗪基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
关于式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,环顶点a和b为CH;R2b为H;环顶点e为C(R2e),并且R2a和R2e独立地选自下组:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6卤代烷基、-O-C1-6卤代烷基、-S-C1-6烷基、-C1-6烷基-O-C1-6烷基、-C1-6烷基-S-C1-6烷基、CN和卤素。
关于式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,环顶点a和b为CH;R2b为H;环状顶点e为C(R2e),并且R2a和R2e独立地选自下组:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基和卤素。
关于式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,下标n为0、1或2,且当R5存在时,各R5选自下组:F、Cl、CN、C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基。在进一步选定的实施方式中,下标n为0、1或2,且当R5存在时,各R5选自下组:F、Cl、CN、CH3和OCH3。
关于式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,下标m为0、1或2,且当R3存在时,各R3为C1-4烷基。
在式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的特定实施方式的组中,R1选自下组:苯基或吡啶基,其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代取代基;环形顶点a和b为CH;R2b为H;环顶点e为C(R2e),R2a和R2e独立地选自下组:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基和卤素;m为0、1或2,且当R3存在时,各R3为CH3;,R4选自下组:
n为0、1或2,且当R5存在时,各R5选自下组:F、Cl、CN、CH3和OCH3。
在式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的一些实施方式中,–X1-R1选自下组:
关于式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,基团选自下组:
关于式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,其中,n为0。
关于式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及上述任何实施方式,在一些进一步的实施方式中,下标n为2,且两个R3基团在相同碳原子上,它们均为甲基或结合形成氧代基(=O)。
在一些选定的实施方式中,本文提供选自下组的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐:
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物为实施例部分的和所附表中描述的化合物。
化合物的制备
本发明的某些化合物可以按照本文实施例部分中所述的方法制备。另外,还描述了可用于制备本发明化合物的某些中间体化合物的合成。
B.药物组合物
除了上述的化合物之外,用于调节人和动物中C5a活性的组合物通常包含药物载体或稀释剂。
如本文所用,术语“组合物”是指包含特定的量的特定成分的产品,以及直接或间接地基于包含特定量的特定成分的组合而产生的任何产品。“药学上可接受的”是指载体,稀释剂或赋形剂必须与制剂的其它成分相容并且对其接受者无害。
用于施用本发明化合物的药物组合物可以方便地以单位剂量形式存在,并且可以通过制药和给药领域中众所周知的任何方法来制备。所有方法包括使活性成分与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体结合的步骤。一般而言,药物组合物通过使活性成分与液体载体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地结合来制备,然后,如果需要,将产品成型为所需的制剂。在药物组合物中,包含活性目标化合物的量足以对疾病的过程或情况产生期望的效果。
含有活性成分的药物组合物可以是适于口服使用的形式,例如,作为片剂、锭剂、含片、水性或油性混悬剂、可分散的粉剂或颗粒剂、乳剂和自乳化剂(如美国专利申请2002-0012680中所述)、硬胶囊或软胶囊、糖浆、酏剂、溶液、口腔贴剂、口腔凝胶、口香糖、咀嚼片、泡腾粉和泡腾片。用于口服使用的组合物可以根据本领域已知用于制备药物组合物的任何方法来制备,并且这样的组合物可以包含一种或多种选自下组的试剂:甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂和防腐剂得到药学优雅和可口的制剂。片剂含有与适于制造片剂的无毒的药学上可接受的赋形剂混合的活性成分。这些赋形剂可以是,例如惰性稀释剂,如纤维素、二氧化硅、氧化铝、碳酸钙、碳酸钠、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;造粒剂和崩解剂,例如,玉米淀粉,或者海藻酸;结合剂,例如PVP、纤维素、PEG、淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶,和润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸或滑石粉。片剂可以是未包衣的或可以是包衣的,肠溶或以其他方式,通过已知的技术来延缓在胃肠道中的崩解和吸收从而提供较长时期的持续作用。例如,可以采用延时材料如甘油单硬脂酸酯或甘油二硬脂酸酯。它们也可以通过美国专利号4,256,108;4,166,452;和4,265,874所述技术进行包衣以形成用于控释的渗透治疗片剂。
用于口服制剂也可以是硬明胶胶囊,其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂例如碳酸钙,磷酸钙或高岭土混合,或者是软明胶胶囊,其中活性成分与水或油性介质,例如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。另外,乳剂可以用非水混溶性成分(如油)制备以及用表面活性剂(如单甘油二酯、PEG酯等)来稳定。
水悬浮剂含有与适合制造水悬浮剂的赋形剂的混合的活性物质。这类赋形剂是悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素、羟基丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄蓍胶和阿拉伯树胶;分散剂或湿润剂,可以是天然存在的磷脂(例如卵磷脂)或烯氧化物与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯),或乙烯氧化物与长链脂肪醇(例如十七乙烯基氧基鲸蜡醇)或乙烯氧化物与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯山梨醇单油酸酯)或乙烯氧化物与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物(例如,聚乙烯基脱水山梨醇单油酸酯)。水悬浮剂还可含有一种或多种防腐剂,例如乙基、或正丙基、对羟基苯甲酸酯,一种或多种着色剂,一种或多种调味剂,和一种或多种甜味剂(如蔗糖或糖精)。
油性悬浮剂可通过将活性成分悬浮于植物油(例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油)或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)中来配制。油悬浮液可以含有增稠剂,例如蜂蜡、硬石蜡或十六烷醇。可以添加例如前文所述的甜味剂和调味剂,得到适于口服的制剂。这些组合物可以通过加入抗氧化剂(如抗坏血酸)来保存。
适用于通过加水制备水性悬浮剂的可分散粉末和颗粒提供了与分散或润湿剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂混合的活性成分。合适的分散或润湿剂和悬浮剂的例子如上所述。另外的可以有例如甜味剂、调味剂和着色剂的赋形剂。
本发明的药物组合物也可以是水包油乳剂的形式。油相可以是植物油(例如橄榄油或花生油),或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)或这些的混合物。合适的乳化剂可以是天然存在的树胶,例如阿拉伯树胶或黄蓍胶,天然存在的磷脂例如大豆、卵磷脂、以及脂肪酸衍生的酯或偏酯和己糖醇酐,例如山梨醇单油酸酯,所述偏酯与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯。乳液还可以包含甜味剂和调味剂。
糖浆剂和酏剂可以用甜味剂(例如甘油、丙二醇、山梨糖醇或蔗糖)配制。这样的制剂还可以包含缓和剂,防腐剂以及调味剂和着色剂。口服溶液可以通过与例如,环糊精、PEG和表面活性剂组合制备。
药物组合物可以是无菌可注射的水溶液或油状悬浮液的形式。该悬浮液可以根据已知的技术用那些合适的分散剂或润湿剂和上述悬浮剂来配制。无菌注射制剂也可以是在无毒肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液或混悬液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。在可接受的载体和溶剂中,可以采用水、林格溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌、非挥发性油通常用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此,可以使用任何温和的非挥发性油包括合成的甘油一酯或甘油二酯。此外,脂肪酸(如油酸)可用于制备注射剂。
本发明的化合物也可以以栓剂的形式为直肠给药。这些组合物可以通过将药物与合适的非刺激性赋形剂混合来制备,其在常温下为固体,但在直肠温度下为液体,因此将在直肠中融化以释放药物。这种材料包括可可脂和聚乙二醇。此外,所述化合物可以通过溶液或软膏经眼给药。更进一步地,本发明化合物的透皮给药也可以通过离子电渗贴片等的方式实现。对于局部使用,可以使用含有本发明的化合物的乳膏、软膏、凝胶、溶液或悬浮液等。如本文所用,局部应用还指包括漱口水和漱口剂的使用。
本发明的化合物还可以与合适的载体偶联,所述载体是作为靶向药物载体的适合的聚合物。这种聚合物可以包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺-苯酚、聚羟基乙基-天冬酰胺-苯酚、或用棕榈酰残基取代的聚环氧乙烷-聚赖氨酸。此外,本发明的化合物可以偶联至载体,所述载体是可用于实现药物的控释的一类可生物降解的聚合物,例如,聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸的共聚物、聚己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚缩醛、聚二氢吡喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯和交联或水凝胶的两亲嵌段共聚物。聚合物和半透性聚合物基质可以形成成形制品,例如瓣膜、支架、管道、假体等。在本发明的一个实施方式中,本发明化合物偶联到由聚合物或半透性聚合物基质形成的支架或覆膜支架装置。
本发明的药物组合物可以与一种或多种另外的治疗剂一起配制。一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自下组:皮质类固醇、类固醇、免疫抑制剂、免疫球蛋白G激动剂、二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂、淋巴细胞功能抗原3受体拮抗剂、白介素-2配体、白介素-1β配体抑制剂、IL-2受体α亚基抑制剂、HGF基因刺激剂、IL-6拮抗剂、IL-5拮抗剂、α1抗胰蛋白酶刺激剂、大麻素受体拮抗剂、组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂、AKT蛋白激酶抑制剂、CD20抑制剂、Abl酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、JAK酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、TNFα配体抑制剂、血红蛋白调节剂、TNF拮抗剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、CD3调节剂、Hsp 70家族抑制剂、免疫球蛋白激动剂、CD30拮抗剂、微管蛋白拮抗剂、鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体-1激动剂、结缔组织生长因子配体抑制剂、半胱天冬酶抑制剂、促肾上腺皮质的激素配体、Btk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、补体C1s亚成分抑制剂、促红细胞生成素受体激动剂、B-淋巴细胞刺激剂配体抑制剂、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶-2抑制剂、P-选择素糖蛋白配体-1刺激剂、mTOR抑制剂、延伸因子2抑制剂、细胞粘附分子抑制剂、因子XIII激动剂、钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂、免疫球蛋白G1激动剂、肌苷单磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂、补体C1s亚成分抑制剂、胸苷激酶调节剂、细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞蛋白-4调节剂、血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂、血管紧张素II受体调节剂、TNF超家族受体12A拮抗剂、CD52拮抗剂、腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂、T细胞分化抗原CD6抑制剂、FGF-7配体、二氢乳清酸脱氢酶抑制剂、Syk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、干扰素I型受体拮抗剂、干扰素α配体抑制剂、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子抑制剂、整联蛋白α-V/β-6拮抗剂、半胱氨酸缓解刺激剂、p38 MAP激酶抑制剂、TP53基因抑制剂、志贺样毒素I抑制剂、岩藻糖基转移酶6刺激剂、白介素22配体、IRS1基因抑制剂、蛋白激酶C刺激剂、蛋白激酶Cα抑制剂、CD74拮抗剂、免疫球蛋白γFc受体IIB拮抗剂、T-细胞抗原CD7抑制剂、CD95拮抗剂、N乙酰甘露糖胺激酶刺激剂、心肌营养素-1配体、白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂、CD40配体受体拮抗剂、CD40配体调节剂、IL-17拮抗剂、TLR-2拮抗剂、甘露聚糖结合凝集素丝氨酸蛋白酶-2(MASP-2)抑制剂、B因子抑制剂、D因子抑制剂、C3aR调节剂、C5aR2调节剂、T细胞受体拮抗剂、PD-1抑制剂、PD-L1抑制剂、TIGIT抑制剂、TIM-3抑制剂、LAG-3抑制剂、VISTA抑制剂、STING激动剂、IDO抑制剂、腺苷受体调节剂、CD39抑制剂、CD73抑制剂、趋化因子受体拮抗剂(尤其是CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR7、CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR7、CCR7、CCR9、CX3CR1和CXCR6),及其组合。
在一些实施方式中,一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自下组:奥比妥珠单抗(obinutuzumab)、利妥昔单抗、奥瑞珠单抗(ocrelizumab)、环磷酰胺、强的松、氢化可的松、醋酸氢化可的松、醋酸可的松、新戊酸替可的松(tixocortol pivalate)、泼尼松龙、甲基泼尼松龙、曲安奈德、曲安奈德醇、莫米松、安西奈德、布地奈德、地索奈德、氟轻松、氟轻松醋酸酯、哈西奈德、倍他米松、倍他米松磷酸钠、地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸钠、氟可龙、氢化可的松17-戊酸酯、卤甲松(halometasone)、双丙酸阿氯米松、倍氯米松、戊酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、泼尼卡酯、氯倍他松-17-丁酸酯、氯倍他索-17-丙酸酯、氟可龙己酸酯、氟可龙新戊酸酯、醋酸氟泼尼定、氢化可的松-17-丁酸酯、氢化可的松-17-乙酰甲酸酯、氢化可的松17-丙丁酸酯、环索奈德和泼尼卡酯、GB-0998、衣麦格抗体(immuglo)、倍格罗单抗(begelomab)、阿来塞普(alefacept)、阿地白介素、格瓦珠单抗(gevokizumab)、达克珠单抗、巴利昔单抗、伊诺莫单抗、倍普米诺基因质粒(beperminogene perplasmid)、司如库单抗(sirukumab)、托珠单抗、克拉扎单抗(clazakizumab)、美泊利单抗、芬戈莫德、帕比司他、曲西立滨、尼罗替尼、伊马替尼、托法替尼、莫美替尼(momelotinib)、培西替尼(peficitinib)、伊他替尼(itacitinib)、英夫利昔(infliximab)、PEG-bHb-CO、依那西普(etanercept)、伊沙佐米、硼替佐米、莫罗单抗(muromonab)、奥立昔单抗(otelixizumab)、胍立莫司、本妥昔单抗、硼丝莫德(Ponesimod)、KRP-203、FG-3019、恩利卡生、促肾上腺皮质激素、依鲁替尼、辛吕泽(cinryze)、康萘司他(conestat)、甲氧基聚乙二醇-依泊汀(epoetin)β、贝利木单抗、比利司莫(blisibimod)、阿塞西普、赛立西立(seliciclib)、内湖珠单抗(neihulizumab)、依维莫司、西罗莫司、地尼白介素、LMB-2、那他珠单抗、卡曲得考、环孢菌素、他克莫司、瓦克孢菌素(voclosporin)、瓦克孢菌素、康纳单抗、麦考酚酯、咪唑立宾、CE-1145、TK-DLI、阿巴西普、贝拉西普、奥美沙坦酯(olmesartan medoxomila)、司巴森坦(sparsentan)、TXA-127、BIIB-023、阿仑单抗、喷司他丁、伊妥立珠单抗(itolizumab)、帕利夫明、来氟米特、PRO-140、西替利罗克(cenicriviroc)、福司他替尼(fostamatinib)、阿尼福鲁单抗(anifrolimab)、西法木单抗(sifalimumab)、BAX-069、BG-00011、洛斯马莫德(losmapimod)、QPI-1002、志贺单抗(Shigam Ab)、TZ-101、F-652、雷帕瑞辛(reparixin)、拉达瑞辛(ladarixin)、PTX-9908、阿格尼森(aganirsen)、APH-703、索塔司塔瑞(sotrastaurin)、索塔司塔瑞、米拉妥珠单抗、SM-101、T-Guard、APG-101、DEX-M74、心肌钙蛋白-1、替匹抑素(tiprelestat)、ASKP-1240、BMS-986004、HPH-116、KD-025、OPN-305、TOL-101、去纤苷、泊马度胺、胸腺球蛋白、拉喹莫德、雷美司特西尔-L(remestemcel-L)、马抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白、司特姆培西尔(Stempeucel)、LIV-γ、奥克塔干(Octagam)10%、t2c-001、99mTc-司他比锝、克莱依格(Clairyg)、普洛索巴(Prosorba)、泊马度胺、拉喹莫德、特普立珠单抗(teplizumab)、FCRx、索那替德(solnatide)、弗拉单抗(foralumab)、ATIR-101、BPX-501、ACP-01、ALLO-ASC-DFU,厄贝沙坦+丙帕锗(propagermanium)、、ApoCell、大麻二酚、RGI-2001、乳清酸、CD3二价抗体-白喉毒素偶联物、NOX-100、LT-1951、OMS721、ALN-CC5、ACH-4471、AMY-101、阿克撒凝胶(Acthar Gel)和CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞、MEDI7814、P32、P59、派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)、纳武单抗(nivolumab)、阿特朱单抗、阿维鲁单抗(avelumab)、度伐单抗(durvalumab)、CCX354、CCX721、CCX9588、CCX140、CCX872、CCX598、CCX6239、CCX587、CCX624、CCX282、CCX025、CCX507、CCX430、CCX765、CCX758、CCX771、CCX662、CCX650,及其组合。联合疗法的进一步讨论包含在本申请的“使用方法”部分。
C.使用方法
本发明的化合物可以用作体内和体外的各种情况下的C5a受体的激动剂、(优选地)拮抗剂、部分激动剂、反向激动剂。在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物是C5aR拮抗剂,其可用于在体外或体内抑制C5a受体配体(如C5a)与C5a受体的结合。一般来说,所述方法包括使C5a受体与有效量的本发明提供的一种或多种C5a受体调节剂接触,在C5a受体配体存在于水溶液中和其他适于配体与C5a受体结合的条件下。C5a受体可以存在于悬浮液(如,分离的膜或细胞制剂中)中,于培养的或分离的细胞中,或于组织或器官中。
优选地,与受体接触的C5a受体调节剂的量应经测定(例如,使用本文所述的放射性配体结合测定,钙动员测定或趋化性测定)足以在体外抑制C5a与C5a受体的结合。
在本发明的一个实施例中,本发明的C5a调节剂可以用于调节(优选地抑制)C5a受体的信号转导活性,例如,通过使本发明的一种或多种化合物与C5a受体(体外或体内)在适于调节剂与受体结合的条件下接触。受体可以存在于溶液或悬浮液,于培养或分离的细胞制剂中或在患者体内。信号转导活性的任何调节可以通过检测对钙离子钙动员的作用或者通过检测对C5a受体介导的细胞趋化性的影响进行评估。一般来说,C5a调节剂的有效量是一个足以在钙动员测定中在体外调节C5a受体信号转导活性或在迁移测定中C5a受体介导的细胞趋化性的量。
当本发明的化合物用于抑制C5a受体介导的细胞趋化性(优选地白细胞(如中性粒细胞)趋化性)时,在体外趋化性测定中,这种方法包括将一种或多种本发明化合物与白血球(尤其是灵长类白血球,特别是人类白血球)接触。优选地,浓度足以在体外趋化性测定中抑制白血球的趋化性,从而,如上所述,在对照测定中观察到的趋化性水平明显高于添加本发明化合物在测定中观察到的趋化性水平。
在另一个实施例中,本发明的化合物进一步用于治疗患有响应C5a受体调节的疾病的患者。如本文所用,术语“治疗”或“疗法”包括疾病改善治疗和对症治疗,其中任一个可以是预防性的(即在症状发作之前,为了预防、延缓或减轻症状的严重程度)或治疗性的(即在症状发作后,为了减轻症状的严重性和/或持续时间)。如本文所用,如果对C5a受体活性的调节导致C5a受体的不适当活性的减少,则被认为是“响应C5a受体调节”的疾病。如本文所用,术语“患者”包括灵长类动物(特别是人),家养伴侣动物(如狗、猫、马等)和家畜(如牛、猪、绵羊等)以本文所述剂量。
可以通过C5a调节治疗的病症:
自身免疫失调-例如,类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、格林-巴利综合症、胰腺炎、狼疮性肾炎、狼疮性肾小球肾炎、银屑病、克罗恩病、血管炎、过敏性肠综合症、皮肌炎、多发性硬化症、支气管哮喘、致密物沉积病(dense deposit disease)、天疱疮、类天疱疮、硬皮病、重症肌无力、自身免疫性溶血和血小板减少症状态、古德帕斯彻氏综合症(和相关的肾小球肾炎和肺出血)、C3-肾小球病、C3-肾小球肾炎、膜增生性肾小球肾炎、川崎病、IGs肾病、免疫血管炎、组织移植排斥、移植物抗宿主病、移植器官超急性排斥反应等。
炎性疾病和相关病症-例如,中性粒细胞减少、脓毒症(sepsis)、脓毒性休克、阿尔茨海默氏病、多发性硬化症、中性白细胞增多症、中风、炎症性肠道疾病(IBD)、与严重烧伤相关的炎症、肺损伤、和缺血再灌注损伤、骨性关节炎、以及急性(成人)呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、全身炎症反应综合症(SIRS)、特应性皮炎、银屑病、慢性荨麻疹和多器官功能障碍综合症(MODS)、溶血性尿毒症综合症、非典型溶血尿毒综合症(aHUS)。还包括与胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(包括糖尿病性视网膜病)相关的病理性后遗症,狼疮性肾病、海曼(Heyman)肾炎、膜性肾炎和其他形式的肾小球肾炎、接触敏感性反应、以及导致的补体激活的血液与人造表面接触所引起的炎症,例如,在体外血液循环期间(例如,在血液透析期间或通过心肺机,例如,与血管手术如冠状动脉旁路移植或心脏瓣膜置换相关)时发生,或与其他人造器皿或容器表面(例如,心室辅助装置、人造心脏机器、输液管、血袋、血浆置换、采血小板等)。还包括与缺血/再灌注损伤相关的疾病,例如由移植物(包括实体器官移植物)和诸如缺血性再灌注损伤/缺血性结肠炎和心脏缺血等综合症引起的疾病。本发明化合物也可用于治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性(Hageman等人,P.N.A.S.102:7227-7232,2005)。
心血管和脑血管疾病-例如,心肌梗塞、冠状动脉血栓形成、血管闭塞、手术后血管再闭塞、动脉粥样硬化、创伤性中枢神经系统损伤和缺血性心脏病。在一个实施例中,有效量的本发明化合物可以给予有心肌梗塞或血栓形成风险的患者(即,具有一种或多种已识别的心肌梗塞或血栓形成的危险因素,例如,但不限于肥胖症、吸烟、高血压、高胆固醇血症、有既往或遗传史的心肌梗塞或血栓形成的患者)以减少心肌梗塞或血栓形成的风险。
肿瘤性疾病或病症-例如,黑色素瘤、肺癌、淋巴瘤、肉瘤、癌(carcinoma)、纤维肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨源性肉瘤、血管肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、滑膜瘤、间皮瘤、脑膜瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、腺癌、乳头状癌、囊腺癌、支气管癌、肾细胞癌、肝细胞癌、移行细胞癌、绒毛膜癌、精原细胞瘤、胚胎癌、维尔姆斯瘤(wilm’s tumor)、多形性腺瘤、肝细胞乳头状瘤(liver cell papilloma)、肾小管腺瘤、囊腺瘤、乳头状瘤、腺瘤、平滑肌瘤、横纹肌瘤、血管瘤、淋巴管瘤、骨瘤、软骨瘤、脂肪瘤和纤维瘤。
血管炎疾病-以血管炎症为特征的血管炎疾病。白细胞的浸润导致血管壁的破坏,补体途径被认为在启动白细胞迁移以及在炎症部位表现出的造成的损伤方面起主要作用(血管炎,第二版,Ball和Bridges编辑,牛津大学出版社,47-53页,2008)。本发明提供的化合物可以用于治疗白细胞性血管炎、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关的血管炎、免疫性血管炎韦格纳肉芽肿病、显微镜下多血管炎、变应性肉芽肿性(Churg-Strauss syndrome)、亨-舍二氏紫癜(Henoch-Schonlein purpura)、结节性多动脉炎(polyateritis nodosa)、快速进展性肾小球肾炎(RPGN)、冷球蛋白血症、巨细胞动脉炎(GCA)、白塞氏病和高安的动脉炎(TAK)。
HIV感染和AIDS--本发明提供的C5a受体调节剂可用于抑制HIV感染,延缓AIDS进展或降低症状或HIV感染和AIDS的严重程度。
神经退行性疾病和相关疾病--在另一方面,本发明提供的C5a拮抗剂可用于治疗阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化以及与心肺搭桥手术及相关程序相关的认知功能下降。
在本发明的一个实施例中,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗选自下组的疾病:脓毒症(和相关病症)、COPD、类风湿性关节炎、狼疮肾炎和多发性硬化症。
本发明提供的治疗方法通常包括向患者施用有效量的一种或多种本发明提供的化合物。合适的患者包括患有或易患(即预防性治疗)本文确定的病症或疾病的那些患者。如本文所述用于治疗的典型患者包括哺乳动物,特别是灵长类,尤其是人。其他合适的患者包括家养伴侣动物,例如,狗、猫、马等,或家畜如牛、猪、绵羊等。
一般来说,本文提供的治疗方法包括向患者施用有效量的本文提供的一种或多种化合物。优选实施例中,本发明化合物优选地口服或局部向患者(例如人)施用。所述有效量可以是足以调节C5a受体活性的量和/或足以减少或减轻患者所呈现症状的量。优选地,施用的量足以产生足够高的化合物(或其活性代谢物,如果化合物是前药的话)的血浆浓度,以在体外可检测地抑制白细胞(如中性粒细胞)趋化性。治疗方案可以根据使用的化合物和待治疗的特定病症而变化;为了治疗大多数病症,优选日给药频率为4次或更少。一般而言,每日2次的剂量方案是更优选的,每天一次给药是特别优选的。然而,应该理解,对于任何特定患者的特定剂量水平和治疗方案将取决于各种因素,包括所使用的具体化合物的活性、年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药途径、排泄速率、药物组合(即给予患者的其它药物)和正在进行治疗的特定疾病的严重程度,以及处方医师的判断。一般来说,使用足得到有效治疗的最小剂量是优选的。通常可以使用适合于正在治疗或预防的病症的医学或兽医标准来监测患者的治疗有效性。
大约0.1mg至大约140mg每天每千克体重的剂量水平可用于治疗或预防涉及致病性C5a活性的疾病(每人每天约0.5mg至约7g)。可以与载体材料结合以生产单一剂型的活性成分的量将根据所治疗的宿主和特定的给药方式而变化。单位剂型通常含有约1mg至约500mg之间的活性成分。对于口服、透皮、静脉或皮下给药的化合物,优选地,施用足够量的化合物以达到5ng(纳克)/mL-10μg(微克)/mL血清的血清浓度,更优选地,应该施用足够的化合物得到20ng-1μg/ml血清的血清浓度,最优选地,应施用足够的化合物以达到为50ng/ml-200ng/ml血清的血清浓度。对于直接注射到滑膜(用于治疗关节炎)应该给予足够的化合物以达到约1微摩尔的局部浓度。
给药频率也可以根据所用的化合物和治疗的特定疾病而变化。然而,对于大多数病症的治疗,每日4次,每日3次的剂量方案,或优选的更少,每日一次或每日2次的剂量方案是特别优选的。然而,应该理解,对于任何特定患者的特定剂量水平将取决于各种因素,包括所使用的具体化合物的活性、年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药时间、给药途径,和排泄速率、药物组合(即给予患者的其它药物)正在进行治疗的特定疾病的严重程度,以及包括处方医师的判断在内的其他的因素。
联合疗法
本发明公开的化合物可以与一种或多种用于治疗、预防、抑制或改善本发明的化合物和组合物可用的疾病或病症的另外的治疗剂联合使用。这样的一种或多种另外的治疗剂可以通过本发明的化合物或组合物同时或相继地以其通常使用的途径和量施用。当本发明的化合物或组合物与一种或多种其他药物同时使用时,药物组合物包含除本发明的化合物或组合物之外的此类其他药物是优选的。因此,本发明的药物组合物包括除本发明的化合物或组合物之外还包含一种或多种其他活性成分或治疗剂的那些。
一种或多种其他治疗剂的实例为皮质类固醇、类固醇、免疫抑制剂、免疫球蛋白G激动剂、二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂、淋巴细胞功能抗原3-受体拮抗剂、白介素-2配体、白介素-1β配体抑制剂、IL-2受体α亚基抑制剂、HGF基因刺激剂、IL-6拮抗剂、IL-5拮抗剂、α1抗胰蛋白酶刺激剂、大麻素受体拮抗剂、组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂、AKT蛋白激酶抑制剂、CD20抑制剂、Abl酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、JAK酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、TNFα配体抑制剂、血红蛋白调节剂、TNF拮抗剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、CD3调节剂、Hsp 70家族抑制剂、免疫球蛋白激动剂、CD30拮抗剂、微管蛋白拮抗剂、鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体-1激动剂、结缔组织生长因子配体抑制剂、半胱天冬酶抑制剂、促肾上腺皮质的激素配体、Btk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、补体C1s亚成分抑制剂、促红细胞生成素受体激动剂、B-淋巴细胞刺激剂配体抑制剂、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶-2抑制剂、P-选择素糖蛋白配体-1刺激剂、mTOR抑制剂、延伸因子2抑制剂、细胞粘附分子抑制剂、因子XIII激动剂、钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂、免疫球蛋白G1激动剂、肌苷单磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂、补体C1s亚成分抑制剂、胸苷激酶调节剂、细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞蛋白-4调节剂、血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂、血管紧张素II受体调节剂、TNF超家族受体12A拮抗剂、CD52拮抗剂、腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂、T细胞分化抗原CD6抑制剂、FGF-7配体、二氢乳清酸脱氢酶抑制剂、Syk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、干扰素I型受体拮抗剂、干扰素α配体抑制剂、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子抑制剂、整联蛋白α-V/β-6拮抗剂、半胱氨酸蛋白酶刺激剂、p38 MAP激酶抑制剂、TP53基因抑制剂、志贺样毒素I抑制剂、岩藻糖基转移酶6刺激剂、白介素22配体、IRS1基因抑制剂、蛋白激酶C刺激剂、蛋白激酶Cα抑制剂、CD74拮抗剂、免疫球蛋白γFc受体IIB拮抗剂、T-细胞抗原CD7抑制剂、CD95拮抗剂、N乙酰甘露糖胺激酶刺激剂、心肌营养素-1配体、白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂、CD40配体受体拮抗剂、CD40配体调节剂、IL-17拮抗剂、TLR-2拮抗剂、甘露聚糖结合凝集素丝氨酸蛋白酶-2(MASP-2)抑制剂、B因子抑制剂、D因子抑制剂、C3aR调节剂、C5aR2调节剂、T细胞受体拮抗剂、PD-1抑制剂、PD-L1抑制剂、TIGIT抑制剂、TIM-3抑制剂、LAG-3抑制剂、VISTA抑制剂、STING激动剂、IDO抑制剂、腺苷受体调节剂、CD39抑制剂、CD73抑制剂、趋化因子受体拮抗剂(尤其是CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR7、CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR7、CCR7、CCR9、CX3CR1和CXCR6),及其组合。
在一些实施方式中,本文的治疗方法中使用的另外的治疗剂选自下组:奥比妥珠单抗、利妥昔单抗、奥瑞珠单抗(ocrelizumab)、环磷酰胺、强的松、氢化可的松、醋酸氢化可的松、醋酸可的松、新戊酸替可的松、泼尼松龙、甲基泼尼松龙、曲安奈德、曲安奈德醇、莫米松、安西奈德、布地奈德、地索奈德、氟轻松、氟轻松醋酸酯、哈西奈德、倍他米松、倍他米松磷酸钠、地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸钠、氟可龙、氢化可的松17-戊酸酯、卤甲松、双丙酸阿氯米松、倍氯米松、戊酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、泼尼卡酯、氯倍他松-17-丁酸酯、氯倍他索-17-丙酸酯、氟可龙己酸酯、氟可龙新戊酸酯、醋酸氟泼尼定、氢化可的松-17-丁酸酯、氢化可的松-17-乙酰甲酸酯、氢化可的松17-丙丁酸酯、环索奈德和泼尼卡酯、GB-0998、衣麦格抗体(immuglo)、倍格罗单抗(begelomab)、阿来塞普(alefacept)、阿地白介素、格瓦珠单抗(gevokizumab)、达克珠单抗、巴利昔单抗、伊诺莫单抗、倍普米诺基因质粒(beperminogeneperplasmid)、司如库单抗(sirukumab)、托珠单抗、克拉扎单抗(clazakizumab)、美泊利单抗、芬戈莫德、帕比司他、曲西立滨、尼罗替尼、伊马替尼、托法替尼、莫美替尼(momelotinib)、培西替尼(peficitinib)、伊他替尼(itacitinib)、英夫利昔(infliximab)、PEG-bHb-CO、依那西普(etanercept)、伊沙佐米、硼替佐米、莫罗单抗(muromonab)、奥立昔单抗(otelixizumab)、胍立莫司、本妥昔单抗、硼丝莫德(Ponesimod)、KRP-203、FG-3019、恩利卡生、促肾上腺皮质激素、依鲁替尼、辛吕泽(cinryze)、康萘司他(conestat)、甲氧基聚乙二醇-倍他依泊汀、贝利木单抗、比利司莫(blisibimod)、阿塞西普、赛立西立(seliciclib)、内湖珠单抗(neihulizumab)、依维莫司、西罗莫司、地尼白介素、LMB-2、那他珠单抗、卡曲得考、环孢菌素、他克莫司、瓦克孢菌素(voclosporin)、瓦克孢菌素、康纳单抗、麦考酚酯、咪唑立宾、CE-1145、TK-DLI、阿巴西普、贝拉西普、奥美沙坦酯(olmesartan medoxomila)、司巴森坦(sparsentan)、TXA-127、BIIB-023、阿仑单抗、喷司他丁、伊妥立珠单抗(itolizumab)、帕利夫明、来氟米特、PRO-140、西替利罗克、福司他替尼、阿尼福鲁单抗、西法木单抗、BAX-069、BG-00011、洛斯马莫德、QPI-1002、志贺单抗(ShigamAb)、TZ-101、F-652、雷帕瑞辛(reparixin)、拉达瑞辛(ladarixin)、PTX-9908、阿格尼森、APH-703、索塔司塔瑞(sotrastaurin)、索塔司塔瑞、米拉妥珠单抗、SM-101、T-Guard、APG-101、DEX-M74、心肌钙蛋白-1、替匹抑素(tiprelestat)、ASKP-1240、BMS-986004、HPH-116、KD-025、OPN-305、TOL-101、去纤维蛋白多核苷酸、泊马度胺、胸腺球蛋白、拉喹莫德、雷美司特西尔-L(remestemcel-L)、马抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白、司特姆培西尔(Stempeucel)、LIV-γ、奥克塔干(Octagam)10%、t2c-001、99mTc-司他比锝、克莱依格(Clairyg)、普洛索巴(Prosorba)、泊马度胺、拉喹莫德、特普立珠单抗(teplizumab)、FCRx、索那替德(solnatide)、弗拉单抗(foralumab)、ATIR-101、BPX-501、ACP-01、ALLO-ASC-DFU,厄贝沙坦+丙帕锗、ApoCell、大麻二酚、RGI-2001、乳清酸、CD3二价抗体-白喉毒素偶联物、NOX-100、LT-1951、OMS721、ALN-CC5、ACH-4471、AMY-101、阿克撒凝胶(Acthar Gel)和CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞、MEDI7814、P32、P59、派姆单抗、纳武单抗、阿特朱单抗、阿维鲁单抗、度伐单抗、CCX354、CCX721、CCX9588、CCX140、CCX872、CCX598、CCX6239、CCX587、CCX624、CCX282、CCX025、CCX507、CCX430、CCX765、CCX758、CCX771、CCX662、CCX650,及其组合。
所治疗的疾病或病症将决定最适合与本发明化合物联合施用的其他治疗剂或多种治疗剂–这种决定可以由本领域技术人员做出。
本发明的化合物与第二活性成分的重量比可以根据各成分的有效剂量变化。一般来说,使用各自的有效剂量。因此,例如,当本发明化合物与NSAID组合时,本发明化合物与NSAID的重量比通常为从约1000:1至约1:1000,优选地,从约200:1至约1:200。本发明化合物和其它活性成分的组合通常也在上述范围内,但是在每种情况下,应使用每种活性成分的有效剂量。
非医药应用
在本发明的另一个方面,本发明的化合物可以用于各种非药学的体外和体内应用。例如,本发明化合物可以被标记并用作用于检测和定位C5a受体(细胞制剂或组织切片样品)的探针。本发明的化合物还可以用作C5a受体活性测定的阳性对照,即,作为确定候选试剂结合C5a受体能力的标准,或作为正电子发射断层扫描(PET)成像或单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)的放射性示踪剂。所述方法可以用来表征活体中的C5a受体。例如,C5a受体调节剂可以使用各种公知技术(例如,用放射性核素,如氚放射性标记)中的任一种进行标记,并在适合的培养时间(例如,通过第一次测定结合的时间过程来确定)下培养样品。培养后,去除未结合的化合物(如,通过洗涤),并且用任何适合于所用标记的方法检测结合的化合物(例如,放射性标记的化合物的放射自显影或闪烁计数;可以使用光谱方法检测发光基团和荧光基团)。作为对照,含有标记的化合物和更多(例如,10倍以上)量的未标记的化合物的匹配样品可以以相同的方式处理。测试样品中残留的可检测标记的量大于对照样品,表明样品中存在C5a受体。检测分析,包括培养细胞或组织样品中C5a受体的受体放射自显影(受体映射)可以按照Kuhar在即药物学实验指南(Current Protocols inPharmacology)(1998)John Wiley&Sons纽约的第8.1.1至8.1.9节中所述进行。
本发明提供的化合物也可以用于各种众所周知的细胞分离方法中。例如,调节剂可以连接到组织培养板或其他支持物的内表面,用作体外固定和由此分离C5a受体(例如分离受体表达细胞)的亲和配体。在一个优选的应用中,调节剂与荧光标记(如荧光素)连接后细胞接触,其后通过荧光激活细胞分选(FACS)进行分析(或分离)。
I.实施例
下述实施例为了说明而非限制所要求保护的发明。
以下使用的试剂和溶剂可以从商业来源,例如奥尔德里奇化学(AldrichChemical)公司(密尔沃基,威斯康星州,美国)获得。1H-NMR谱用Varian Mercury 400MHzNMR波谱仪记录。有效峰是相对于TMS提供且以以下顺序制表:多重性(s,单峰;d,双峰;t,三重峰;q,四重峰;m,多重峰)及质子数量。质谱结果是以质荷比、各离子的相对丰度(括号中)来报告。在实施例中,单一m/e值报告含最常见原子同位素的M+H(或标记为M-H)离子。在所有情况下,同位素分布(Isotope patterns)符合预期公式。电喷雾电离(ESI)质谱分析用Hewlett-Packard MSD电喷雾质谱仪进行,用HP1100HPLC样品递送。通常,将分析物溶解在甲醇中,浓度为0.1mg/mL,并将1微升与递送溶剂一起注入质谱仪中,质谱仪在100-1500道尔顿的范围扫描。所有化合物都可以用正ESI模式分析,使用含有1%甲酸的乙腈/水作为递送溶剂。下述化合物也可以用负ESI模式分析,使用2mM NH4OAc的乙腈/水作为递送溶剂。
在实施例和整个本发明的描述中使用以下缩写:
EtOH:乙醇
EtONa:乙醇钠
THF:四氢呋喃
TLC:薄层色谱法
MeOH:甲醇
使用本领域技术人员已知的多种反应,可以如下所述合成本发明范围内的化合物。本领域技术人员还将认识到,可以采用替代方法来合成本发明的目标化合物,并且在本文中主要描述的方法不是穷尽的,而是提供了目标化合物的广泛适用的和实用的途径。
本专利中要求保护的某些分子可以以不同的对映体和非对映体形式存在,以及要求保护这些化合物的所有这些变体。
本文中用于合成关键化合物的实验过程的详细描述,得到了鉴别其的物理数据以及与其相关的结构描述说明的分子。
本领域技术人员还将认识到,在有机化学的标准后处理过程中,经常使用酸和碱。如果它们本身具有酸性或碱性,在本专利中描述的实验程序期间,有时会产生母体化合物的盐。
实施例1
1-(4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲的合成
警告:重氮化合物的形成可能具有潜在的危险,请小心操作并穿戴适当的个人防护设备!
步骤a:在磁力搅拌下,向装有90mL浓盐酸的250mL烧瓶中加入2,6-二乙基苯胺(10.0g,67.0mmol)。将所得混合物搅拌30分钟,并用冰盐浴冷却,直到内部温度达到–5℃。将亚硝酸钠(5.5g,80.0mmol)的水(60mL)溶液缓慢加入上述混合物中,同时保持内部温度低于5℃。
在机械搅拌下将氯化锡(II)二水合物(31.6g,140.0mmol)分批添加到装有浓盐酸(60mL)的500mL 3-颈圆底烧瓶中。然后将所得溶液用冰浴冷却。
然后在剧烈搅拌下,将重氮浆液过滤到装有冷却的氯化锡溶液的500mL烧瓶中。90分钟后,将反应混合物转移至500mL锥形瓶中,并用水(20mL)和氯仿(8mL)冲洗烧瓶。将合并的混合物在室温搅拌过夜。倾倒出整个液体层,得到湿固体。将回收的物质真空干燥一天,然后转移到配有顶置式机械搅拌器的500mL 3颈圆底烧瓶中,并与乙醚(180mL)一起搅拌。将所得混合物在冰浴中冷却,并将NaOH溶液(10N,30mL)缓慢加入上述混合物中,同时保持内部温度低于12℃。添加后,使混合物在冰上静置2h。将醚层倒入500mL烧瓶中,并在搅拌的同时将氯化氢气流鼓入到醚溶液中。过滤收集得到的沉淀物,得到(2,6-二乙基苯基)肼盐酸盐。MS:对于C10H17N2[M+H]+的(ES)m/z计算值为165.1,实测值为165.1。
步骤b:在磁力搅拌下,将吡啶(4.0mL,49.5mmol)加入到250mL圆底烧瓶中的(2,6-二乙基苯基)肼盐酸盐(5.0g,24.9mmol)、4-氰基-2,2-二甲基-3-氧代吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(5.0g,21.0mmol)和EtOH(60mL)的混合物中。将所得混合物在70℃下搅拌24小时。减压除去溶剂,并将残余物用EtOAc稀释,并用柠檬酸水溶液、饱和NaHCO3水溶液、盐水洗涤,并经MgSO4干燥。减压除去溶剂,并将残余物从环己烷中结晶,得到3-氨基-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4]-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯。MS:对于C22H33N4O2[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为385.2,实测值为385.2。
警告:重氮化合物的形成可能具有潜在的危险,请小心操作并穿戴适当的个人防护设备!
在室温下,在磁力搅拌下,将叔丁基亚硝酸盐(0.5mL,3.8mmol)缓慢添加至100mL圆底烧瓶中的3-氨基-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4]-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯(1g,2.6mmol)、二碘甲烷(1.5mL,18.6mmol)和MeCN(15mL)的混合物中。将所得混合物在45℃下搅拌3h,然后将其用甲苯稀释,用饱和NH4Cl溶液/NH4OH(3:1)、盐水洗涤,并用MgSO4干燥。减压除去溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(2至25%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯。MS:对于C22H31IN3O2[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为496.1,实测值为496.2。
步骤c:将4-溴-2,5-二氟苯胺(1.5g,7.2mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-双(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷)(2.2g,8.7mmol)、KOAc(1.8g,18.3mmol)和Pd(dppf)Cl2与二氯甲烷的复合物(580.0mg,0.7mmol)于二恶烷(12mL)中的混合物在氮气下于95℃搅拌2h。然后将混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土过滤。收集滤液,减压浓缩,并通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至50%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到2,5-二氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)苯胺。MS:对于C12H17BF2NO2[M+H]+(Es)m/z计算值为256.1,实测值为256.2。
向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)羧酸叔丁酯(0.7g,1.4mmol)、2,5-二氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)苯胺(0.7g,2.7mmol)、K2CO3(1.3g,7.2mmol)于二恶烷(10mL)和水(2mL)中的悬浮液中,加入Pd(dppf)Cl2与二氯甲烷的复合物(300.0mg,0.37mmol)。将反应混合物脱气(N2)2分钟,并在N2下于100℃搅拌2h。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,通过硅藻土过滤,用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并过滤。在减压下除去溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(2至10%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到3-(4-氨基-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯。MS:C28H35F2N4O2[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为497.3,实测值为497.5。
步骤d:将3-(4-氨基-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯(0.5g,1.0mmol)和苯甲酰异氰酸酯(0.5g,3.4mmol)于THF(10mL)中的混合物,在室温下搅拌3h。在减压下浓缩所得混合物,得到3-(4-(3-苯甲酰基脲基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯。
3-(4-(3-(3-苯甲酰脲基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯(来自如上步骤)和K2CO3(1.3g,7.2mmol)于MeOH(15mL)中的混合物,在室温下搅拌2h,随后在50℃下搅拌20分钟。将混合物用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用MgSO4干燥,在减压下浓缩,并通过硅胶快速色谱法(10至50%EtOAc的己烷溶液)纯化,得到2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(2,5-二氟-4-脲基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯。MS:对于C29H36F2N5O3[M+H]+的(ES)m/z计算值为540.3,实测值为540.3。
步骤e:将上述2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯溶解在二氯甲烷(10mL)中,并加入HCl的二恶烷溶液(4N,5mL)。将所得混合物在室温搅拌12h。完成后,真空蒸发溶剂,得到1-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲盐酸盐。MS:对于C24H28F2N5O[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为440.2,实测值为440.3。
步骤f:在磁力搅拌下,将N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.2mL,1.2mmol)添加至1-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲盐酸盐(0.1g,0.2mmol)和2,4-双(三氟甲基)苯甲醛(0.2g,0.8mmol)于1,2-二氯乙烷(10mL)的悬浮液中。室温搅拌10分钟后,分批加入NaBH(OAc)3(0.3g,1.4mmol)。将所得混合物在45℃下搅拌2h。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,用NaHCO3水溶液、盐水洗涤,并用MgSO4干燥。减压除去溶剂,并将残余物通过制备型TLC(50%EtOAc的己烷溶液),随后通过HPLC(MeCN/H2O,含有1%TFA)纯化,得到1-(4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.18(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.88–7.98(m,2H),7.75–7.83(m,1H),7.31(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.79–6.85(br,1H),6.40(dd,J=6.5,12.1Hz,1H),4.79(s,2H),4.13(s,2H),3.74(s,2H),2.20–2.34(m,4H),1.51(s,6H),1.06(t,J=7.6Hz,6H).MS:对于C33H32F8N5O[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为666.2,实测值为666.2。
实施例2
1-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-异丁酰基-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲的合成
将4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺盐酸盐(30.0mg,0.06mmol)、异丁酸(44.0mg,0.5mmol)、HATU(190.0mg,0.5mmol)和NEt3(0.10mL,0.7mmol)于DMF(1.5mL)中的混合物,在50℃搅拌30分钟。然后将混合物冷却至室温,用饱和NaHCO3水溶液淬灭,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并过滤。减压浓缩溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至100%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到1-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-异丁酰基-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.06(m,1H),7.44(dd,J=7.8,7.8Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.50(m,1H),4.83(s,2H),3.30(m,3H),2.84(七重峰,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.27(m,4H),1.82(s,6H),1.15(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),1.06(t,J=7.6Hz,6H).MS:对于C28H34F2N5O2[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为510.3,实测值为510.6。
实施例3
1-(4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)脲的合成
步骤a:2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯(1.0g,2.0mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,并向其中加入HCl的二恶烷溶液(4N,5mL)。将所得混合物在室温搅拌12h。反应完成后,真空蒸发溶剂,得到2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑盐酸盐。MS:对于C17H23IN3[M+H]+的(ES)m/z计算值为396.1,实测值为396.2。
在磁力搅拌下,将N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.3mL,1.7mmol)加入到2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑盐酸盐(680.0mg,1.6mmol)和2,4-双(三氟甲基)苯甲醛(0.8g,3.3mmol)于1,2-二氯乙烷(10mL)的悬浮液中。室温搅拌10分钟后,分批加入NaBH(OAc)3(0.8g,3.8mmol)。将所得混合物在45℃下搅拌2h。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,用NaHCO3水溶液、盐水洗涤,并用MgSO4干燥。减压除去溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(2至25%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑。MS:对于C26H27F6IN3[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为622.1,实测值为622.1。
步骤b:将4-溴-5-氟-2-甲基苯胺(1.5g,7.4mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷)(2.2g,8.7mmol)、KOAc(1.8g,18.3mmol)和Pd(dppf)Cl2与二氯甲烷的复合物(580.0mg,0.7mmol)的混合物于二恶烷(12mL)的溶液,在氮气中,于95℃搅拌2h。然后将混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土过滤。收集滤液,减压浓缩,并通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至50%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到5-氟-2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)苯胺。MS:对于C13H20BFNO2[M+H]+的(ES)m/z计算值为252.2,实测值为252.2。
向5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑(75.0mg,0.12mmol)、5-氟-2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)苯胺(100.0mg,0.4mmol)和K2CO3(445.0mg,1.8mmol)于二恶烷(6mL)和水(1mL)的悬浮液中,加入Pd(dppf)Cl2与二氯甲烷的复合物(50mg,0.06mmol)。将反应混合物脱气(N2)2分钟,并在N2下于100℃搅拌2.5h。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,用NaHCO3水溶液洗涤,并经Na2SO4干燥。减压除去溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱纯化(3至30%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-5-氟-2-甲基苯胺。MS:对于C33H34F7N4[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为619.3,实测值为619.3。
步骤c:将上述4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-5-氟-2-甲基苯胺和苯甲酰异氰酸酯(100.0mg,0.7mmol)于THF(10mL)中的混合物室温搅拌3h。将混合物在减压下浓缩,得到N-((4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酰胺。
将N-((4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-)(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酰胺(来自如上步骤)和K2CO3(138.0mg,1.0mmol)于MeOH(6mL)中的混合物,在室温下搅拌2小时,然后在50℃下搅拌20分钟。将混合物用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用MgSO44干燥,在减压下浓缩,并通过制备型TLC(50%EtOAc的己烷溶液)纯化,然后用HPLC(MeCN/H2O,含1%TFA)纯化,得到1-(4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)脲。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ8.24(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.93–7.98(m,2H),7.66(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),7.39(dd,J=7.2,8.1Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.56(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.87(br,3H),4.20(s,2H),3.73(s,2H),2.20-2.34(m,4H),1.90(s,3H),1.52(s,6H),1.07(t,J=7.6Hz,6H).MS:对于C34H35F7N5O[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为662.3,实测值为662.5。
实施例4
1-(4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2-氯-5-氟苯基)脲的合成
步骤a:向4-溴-2-氯-5-氟苯胺(1.05g,4.7mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷)(1.3g,5.1mmol)和KOAc(1.2g,11.7mmol)于二恶烷(15mL)中的悬浮液中,加入Pd(dppf)Cl2与二氯甲烷的复合物(417.0mg,0.5mmol)。将混合物脱气(N2)2分钟,然后在95℃下搅拌2.5h。将混合物冷却至室温,用EtOAc稀释,并通过硅藻土过滤。收集滤液并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至40%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到2-氯-5-氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)苯胺。MS:对于C12H17BClFNO2[M+H]+的(ES)m/z计算值为272.1,实测值为272.1。
将5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑(50.0mg,0.08mmol)、2-氯-5-氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)苯胺(93.0mg,0.3mmol)、K2CO3(170.0mg,1.2mmol)和Pd(dppf)Cl2与二氯甲烷(60.0mg,0.07mmol)复合物于二恶烷(3mL)和水(0.5mL)中的混合物,在N2下于100℃下搅拌1h。然后将其冷却至室温,用饱和NaHCO3溶液淬灭,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至50%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2-氯-5-氟苯胺。MS:对于C32H31ClF8N4[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为639.2,实测值为639.2。
步骤b:将4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2-氯-5-氟苯胺(35.0mg,0.06mmol)和苯甲酰异氰酸酯(40.0mg,0.27mmol)于THF(3mL)中的混合物,在室温下搅拌2h。减压浓缩,得到N-((4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2-氯-5-氟苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酰胺。
将上述N-((4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2-氯-5-氟苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酰胺和K2CO3(200.0mg,1.2mmol)于甲醇(5mL)中的混合物,在30℃下搅拌1h。然后将混合物冷却至室温,用饱和NaHCO3溶液淬灭并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至90%EtOAc的己烷溶液),然后通过HPLC纯化(MeCN/H2O,含有1%TFA)。用饱和NaHCO3溶液碱化纯HPLC级分,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,经Na2SO4干燥,并在减压下浓缩。将获得的物质用1M HCl的乙醚溶液(0.2mL)处理,蒸发至干,得到盐酸盐形式的1-(4-(5-(2,4-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2-氯-5-氟苯基)脲。1H NMR(HCl盐)(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.15(m,5H),7.47(dd,J=7.8,7.8Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=8.0,2H),6.70(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.30–5.00(m,5H),2.24(m,4H),1.92(br s,6H),1.28(m,2H),1.05(m,6H).MS(游离形式):对于C33H32ClF7N5O[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为682.2,实测值为682.2。
实施例5
1-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-5-(3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲的合成
步骤a:3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙酸(468.0mg,3.0mmol)、草酰氯(0.25mL,3.0mmol)和DMF(2滴)于DCM(10mL)中的混合物,在室温下搅拌0.5h,得到3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙酰氯。粗产物无需进一步处理直接用于下一步。
步骤b:3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙酰氯(从上述步骤a获得)、2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-将2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑盐酸盐(253.0mg,0.58mmol)和NEt3(0.41mL,2.9mmol)于DCM(5mL)中的混合物,在室温下搅拌1h。用饱和NaHCO3水溶液淬灭,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并过滤。减压浓缩溶剂,残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至60%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到1-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-基)-3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙-1-酮,直接用于下一步。MS:对于C26H28F3IN3O[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为534.1,实测值为534.1。
步骤c:将1-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-基)-3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙烷-1-酮(250.0mg,纯度)、2,5-二氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂戊环硼烷-2-基)苯胺(320.0mg,1.25mmol)、K2CO3(0.6g,4.3mmol)和Pd(dppf)Cl2与二氯甲烷的复合物(120.0mg,0.15mmol)于对二恶烷(12mL)和水(2mL)中的混合物,在N2下于100℃搅拌1h。然后将其冷却至室温,用饱和的NaHCO3溶液淬灭,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至80%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到1-(3-(4-氨基-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-基)-3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙-1-酮。MS:对于C28H32F5N4O[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为535.2,实测值为535.2。
步骤d:向1-(3-(4-氨基-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-基)-3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙-1-酮(140.0mg,0.26mmol)于THF(4mL)中的溶液中,加入1M DIBAL-H的二氯甲烷溶液(2.5mL,2.5mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌10分钟,用水淬灭,用饱和的NaHCO3溶液碱化,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至60%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-5-(3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺。MS:对于C28H34F5N4[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为521.3,实测值为521.3。
步骤e:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-5-(3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺(0.036g,0.069mmol)和苯甲酰异氰酸酯(30.0mg,0.2mmol)于THF(3.5mL)中的混合物,室温搅拌0.5h。减压浓缩,得到N-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-5-(3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙基))-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酰胺。
将N-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-5-(3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酰胺和K2CO3(200.0mg,1.2mmol)于MeOH(4mL)中的混合物室温搅拌1.5h。然后将其倒入饱和NaHCO3水溶液溶液中,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至90%EtOAc的己烷溶液),然后通过HPLC(MeCN/H2O,含有1%TFA)纯化,得到1-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯)-6,6-二甲基-5-(3,3,3-三氟-2,2-二甲基丙基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.80(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.88–7.98(m,2H),8.08(m,1H),7.30(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.79–6.85(br,1H),7.10(dd,J=6.5,7.2Hz,1H),6.64(s,2H),4.98(s,2H),2.33(s,2H),–2.34(m,5H),1.55(s,6H),1.09(t,J=7.6Hz,6H).MS:对于C29H35F5N5O[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为564.2,实测值为564.2。
实施例6
4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-5-(4-氟-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)苯甲酰胺的合成
警告:重氮化合物的形成可能具有潜在的危险,请小心操作并穿戴适当的个人防护设备!
步骤a:向3-氰基-4-氧代-吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(19.4g,92.3mmol)和(2,6-二甲基苯基)肼盐酸盐(16.0g,92.7mmol)中加入EtOH(160mL)和AcOH(40mL)。将得到的悬浮液在50℃下搅拌过夜。完成后,将反应混合物用1N NaOH水溶液淬灭,并用EtOAc萃取,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。然后将粗产物通过硅胶快速色谱(50%EtOAc己烷溶液)纯化,得到3-氨基-2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-4,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5-羧酸叔丁酯。MS:对于C18H25N4O2[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为329.2,实测值为329.2。
步骤b:在室温下,将亚硝酸异戊酯(11.7mL,87.5mmol)缓慢添加至3-氨基-2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-4,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5-羧酸叔丁酯(14.4g,43.8mmol)、二碘甲烷(14mL,175.0mmol)和MeCN(180mL)的混合物中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。反应混合物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(30%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-3-碘-4,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5-羧酸叔丁酯。MS:对于C18H23IN3O2[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为440.1,实测值为440.2。
步骤c:将2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-3-碘-4,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5-羧酸叔丁基酯(1.0g,2.3mmol)、(4-氰基苯基)硼酸(0.6g,4.1mmol)、Pd(dppf)Cl2与二氯甲烷的复合物(150mg,0.18mmol)和K2CO3(1.2g,8.7mmol)于二恶烷(10mL)和水(2mL)中的悬浮液,在N2下于98℃搅拌2h。将混合物冷却至室温,用水淬灭,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并过滤。减压浓缩溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(2至25%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到3-(4-氰基苯基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯。MS:对于C25H27N4O2[M+H]+(ES)m/z计算值为415.2,实测值为415.2。
步骤d:将3-(4-氰基苯基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸叔丁酯(800.0mg,1.9mmol)和4N Hcl的二恶烷(5.0mL,20.0mmol)溶液于二氯甲烷(5mL)中的混合物,在室温下搅拌1h。将混合物用饱和NaHCO3水溶液碱化,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并过滤。减压浓缩溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(0至25%MeOH的二氯甲烷溶液),得到4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯烷酮[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)苄腈。MS:对于C20H19N4[M+H]+的(ES)m/z计算值为315.2,实测值为315.2。
步骤e:将1-溴-2-氟-4-甲基-5-硝基苯(2.0g,8.5mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-双(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷)(2.0g,11.9mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(260.0mg,0.2mmol)和K2CO3(2.4g,17.4mmol)于二恶烷(10mL)和水(2mL)中的混合物,在N2下于98℃搅拌2h。将混合物冷却至室温,用水淬灭,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并过滤。减压浓缩溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(2至10%EtOAc己烷溶液),得到1-氟-5-甲基-4-硝基-2-(丙-1-烯-2-基)苯,将其直接用于下一步。
包含1-氟-5-甲基-4-硝基-2-(丙-1-烯-2-基)苯(2.0g,10.2mmol)、10%Pd/C(2.0g,50%湿)、EtOH(50mL)和二氯甲烷(50mL)的压力容器),在45psi的氢气气氛下搅拌3小时。将混合物通过硅藻土过滤。收集滤液并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(2至15%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到4-氟-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯胺。C10H15FN[M+H]+168.1,实测值168.2。
警告:重氮化合物的形成可能具有潜在的危险,请小心操作并穿戴适当的个人防护设备!
在0℃下,向NaNO2(1.2g,17.7mmol)、CuBr(1.5g,10.5mmol)于DMSO(20mL)的混合物中,加入4-氟-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯胺(0.6g,3.6mmol),然后逐滴加入48%HBr水溶液(4mL)。然后将获得的混合物搅拌,并经1h升温至室温。然后将混合物倒入冰中,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并过滤。减压浓缩溶剂,并将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(2至25%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到1-溴-4-氟-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯,将其直接用于下一步。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.89(dt,J=0.6,10.8Hz,1),3.15(七重峰,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.33(s,3H),1.23(d,J=6.9Hz,6H).
4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)苄腈(100.0mg,0.32mmol)、1-溴-4-氟-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯(180.0mg,0.78mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(30.0mg,0.13mmol)、X-Phos(150.0mg,0.33mmol)和NaOtBu(100.0mg,1.0mmol)于甲苯(5mL)的混合物,在N2中于110℃搅拌1h。将混合物冷却至室温,用水稀释,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并过滤。减压浓缩溶剂,残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(5至25%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-5-(4-氟-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)苄腈。MS:对于C30H30FN4[M+H]+的(ES)m/z计算值为465.2,实测值为465.2。
步骤f:向4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-5-(4-氟-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)苄腈(30.0mg,0.06mmol)于DCM(1mL)和DMSO(6mL)的混合物中加入4N NaOH水溶液(1.0mL,4.0mmol)和H2O2(0.40mL,35%的水溶液)。将混合物在室温搅拌30分钟,用水稀释,并用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并过滤。减压浓缩溶剂,残余物通过制备TLC纯化(50%EtOAc的己烷溶液),得到4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-5-(4-氟-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)苯甲酰胺。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.63–7.71(m,2H),7.20–7.31(m,1H),7.09–7.18(m,5H),6.84–6.91(m,1H),6.00(br s,1H),5.58(br s,1H),4.58(s,2H),4.49(s,2H),3.14–3.26(m,1H),2.39(s,3H),2.02(s,6H),1.27(d,J=7.0Hz,6H).MS:对于C30H32FN4O[M+H]+的(ES)m/z计算值为483.3,实测值为483.2。
实施例7
实施例阐释了与本发明特定化合物有关的生物活性的评价。
材料和方法
A.细胞
1.表达C5a受体的细胞
a)U937细胞
U937细胞是表达C5aR的单核细胞系,可从ATCC(VA)获得。将这些细胞作为悬浮液在添加了2mM L-谷氨酰胺、1.5g/L碳酸氢钠、4.5g/L-葡萄糖、10mMHEPES、1mM丙酮酸钠和10%FBS的RPMI-1640培养基中培养。使细胞在5%CO2/95%空气,100%湿度下于37℃下生长,并每周以1:6再培养两次(细胞在1x 105到2x 106细胞/mL的密度范围内进行培养)并以1x 106细胞/mL收获。在测定之前,将细胞用0.5mM的环状AMP(Sigma,OH)处理过夜,并在使用前洗涤一次。经cAMP处理的U937细胞可用于C5aR配体结合和功能分析。
b)分离的人类嗜中性粒细胞
任选地,人或鼠中性粒细胞可用于测定化合物活性。嗜中性粒细胞可以使用密度分离和向心分离从新鲜的人血中分离出来。简而言之,将全血与等份的3%葡聚糖一起孵育45分钟,并分离。分离后,将顶层铺在15毫升的Ficoll的顶部(每15毫升Ficoll对应30毫升血液悬浮液),并以400x g无制动离心30分钟。然后将试管底部的沉淀分离并重悬至PharmLyse RBC裂解缓冲液(BD生物科学(BD Biosciences),圣何塞,加利福尼亚州)中,然后再次将样品以400x g制动离心10分钟。将剩余的细胞沉淀适当重悬,且其由分离的嗜中性粒细胞组成。
B.分析
1.C5aR配体结合的抑制
将经cAMP处理的表达C5aR的U937细胞离心并重悬于分析缓冲液(20mM HEPESpH7.1,140mM NaCl,1mM CaCl2,5mM MgCl2和0.1%牛血清白蛋白)中至浓度为3×106个细胞/mL。如下建立结合分析。将0.1mL细胞添加到含有5μL化合物的测定板中,给出用于筛选的每种化合物的~2-10μM的最终浓度(或部分剂量反应用于化合物IC50测定)。然后,加入0.1mL125I标记的C5a(获得自珀金埃尔默生命科学公司(Perkin Elmer LifeSciences),波士顿,马萨诸塞州)在测定缓冲液中稀释至的终浓度,产生孔,将平板4℃密封并在振荡器平台上温育约3小时。在真空细胞收集器(帕卡德仪器(PackardInstruments);梅里登,CT)上,将反应物抽吸到预先浸泡在0.3%聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)溶液中的GF/B玻璃滤器上。将闪烁液(40μl;微闪(Microscint)20,帕卡德仪器)加入到每个孔中,将板密封并在顶部计数闪烁计数器(Top Count scintillation counter)(帕卡德仪器)中测量放射性。用仅含有稀释剂(总计数)或过量C5a(1μg/mL,用于非特异性结合)的对照孔来计算化合物的总抑制百分比。采用GP公司(GraphPad,Inc.)(圣迭戈,Ca)的计算机程序Prism计算IC50值。IC50值是将放射性标记的C5a与受体的结合降低50%所需的那些浓度。((有关配体结合和其他功能测定的进一步说明,参见Dairaghi等人,J.Biol.Chem.274:21569-21574(1999),Penfold等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.96:9839-9844(1999),和Dairaghi等人,J.Biol.Chem.272:28206-28209(1997))。
2.钙动员
任选地,可以进一步测定化合物抑制细胞中钙通量的能力。为了检测细胞内钙的储存的释放,将细胞(例如,cAMP刺激的U937或中性粒细胞)与3μM INDO-1AM染料(分子探针(Molecular Probes);尤金,俄勒冈州)在细胞培养基中于室温孵育45分钟,然后用磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤。INDO-1AM加载后,将细胞重悬于通量缓冲液(汉克平衡盐溶液(HBSS)和1%FBS)中。使用光子技术国际(Photon Technology International)分光光度计(光子技术国际;新泽西州),在350nm处激发并在400nm和490nm处双重同步记录荧光发射来测量钙动员。相对细胞内钙水平用400nm/490nm发射比表示。实验在37℃下进行,每个比色皿中包含106细胞,在2mL流量缓冲液中进行不断混合。趋化因子配体可以在1至100nM的范围内使用。随时间(通常为2-3分钟)绘制发射比。第10秒时添加候选配体封闭化合物(最高10μM)然后在60秒时添加趋化因子(即C5a;R&D系统(R&DSystems);明尼阿波利斯,明尼苏达))和在第150秒时添加对照趋化因子(即SDF-1α;R&D系统;明尼阿波利斯,明尼苏达)。
3.趋化性测定
任选地,可以进一步测定化合物抑制细胞趋化性的能力。趋化性分析使用5μm孔聚碳酸酯,在使用趋化性缓冲液(汉克斯平衡盐溶液(HBSS)和1%FBS)的96孔趋化性腔(神经探针(Neuroprobe);盖瑟斯堡,马里兰州)中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮涂层的滤器进行。C5aR配体(即C5a,R&D系统;明尼阿波利斯,明尼苏达)用于评估化合物介导的对C5aR介导的迁移的抑制。其他趋化因子(即SDF-1α;R&D系统;明尼阿波利斯,明尼苏达)用作特异性对照。下部腔室装有29μl趋化因子(即0.03nM C5a)和不同量的化合物;顶部腔室中包含20μl的100,000个U937或中性粒细胞。将腔室在37℃下孵育1.5小时,并通过每孔五个高倍视野中的直接细胞计数或通过CyQuant分析(分子探针)(一种测量核酸含量和显微镜观察的荧光染料方法)对下部腔室中的细胞数量进行定量。
C.C5aR抑制剂的鉴定
1.分析
为了评估阻止C5a受体与配体结合的有机小分子,采用了可检测放射性配体(即C5a)与细胞表面表达C5aR的细胞(例如,cAMP刺激的U937细胞或分离的人中性粒细胞)结合的测定方法。对于抑制结合的化合物,无论其是否为竞争性,与未抑制的对照相比,观察到的放射性计数都较少。
将相等数量的细胞添加到平板中的每个孔中。然后将细胞与放射性标记的C5a一起孵育。洗涤细胞除去未结合的配体,并通过定量放射性计数确定结合的配体。没有任何有机化合物的情况下孵育的细胞提供总计数。通过将细胞与未标记的配体和标记的配体一起孵育来确定非特异性结合。抑制百分比由以下公式确定:
%抑制=(1–[(样品cpm)–(非特异性cpm)]/[(总cpm)–(非特异性cpm)])x100。 |
2.剂量反应曲线
为了确定候选化合物对C5aR的亲和力并确认其抑制配体结合的能力,在1x10-10至1x10-4M化合物浓度范围内滴定测定了抑制活性。在测定中,化合物的量是变化的。细胞数和配体浓度保持恒定。
D.体内效力模型
通过确定化合物在动物模型中的功效,可以评估目标化合物在治疗C5a介导的疾病中的潜在功效。除了下面描述的模型外,可以在Mizuno,M等人,研究药物的专家意见(Expert Opin.Investig.Drugs)(2005),14(7),807-821中找到用于研究目标化合物的其他合适的动物模型,其通过引用将其整体并入本文。
1.C5a诱导的白细胞减少症模型
a)人C5aR敲入小鼠模型中C5a诱导的白血球减少症
为了研究本发明化合物在动物模型中的效力,可以使用标准技术创建重组小鼠,其中将小鼠C5aR的基因序列编码替换为人C5aR的序列编码,以创建hC5aR-KI小鼠。在该小鼠中,施用hC5a会导致血管壁上的粘附分子上调,该粘附分子结合血液白细胞,将其从血流中隔离。给动物施用20ug/kg的hC5a,并在1分钟后通过标准技术定量外周血中的白细胞。用不同剂量的本发明化合物对小鼠进行预处理几乎可以完全阻断hC5a诱导的白细胞减少症。
b)在食蟹猴模型中C5a诱导的白细胞减少症
为了研究本发明化合物在非人灵长类动物模型模型中的效力,在食蟹猴(Cynomolgus)模型中研究了C5a诱导的白细胞减少症。在该模型中,施用hC5a会导致血管壁上的粘附分子上调,该粘附分子结合血液白细胞,因此将其从血流中隔离。给动物施用10ug/kg的hC5a,并在1分钟后定量外周血中的白细胞。
ANCA诱导的血管炎小鼠模型
在第0天,向hC5aR-KI小鼠静脉内注射50mg/kg的针对髓过氧化物酶的纯化抗体(Xiao等人J.Clin.Invest.110:955-963(2002))。进一步给小鼠口服每日剂量的本发明化合物或载体七天,然后处死小鼠并收集肾脏用于组织学检查。与载体治疗的动物相比,肾脏切片的分析可显示肾小球中新月形和坏死性病变的数量和严重程度明显降低。
2.脉络膜新生血管的小鼠模型
为了研究本发明化合物在治疗与年龄有关的黄斑变性(AMD)中的效力,将hC5aR-KI小鼠眼中的布鲁赫膜通过激光光凝法破裂(Nozika等,PNAS 103:2328-2333(2006)。用载体或本发明化合物的每日口服或适当的玻璃体内的剂量的处理小鼠一至两周。通过组织学和血管造影术评估激光诱发损伤的修复和新血管形成。
3.类风湿关节炎模型
a)破坏性关节炎症的兔子模型
为了研究候选化合物对兔关节内注射细菌膜成分脂多糖(LPS)的炎症反应的抑制作用,使用了破坏性关节炎症的兔模型。该研究设计模仿了关节炎中破坏性关节炎症。关节内注射LPS会引起急性炎症反应,其特征是释放出细胞因子和趋化因子,其中许多已在类风湿关节炎的关节中被鉴定。滑液和滑膜中白细胞明显增加,以响应这些趋化介质的升高。在该模型中趋化因子受体的选择性拮抗剂显示出功效(参见Podolin等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol)169(11):6435-6444(2002))。
基本上按照Podolin等人的描述(出处同上)进行兔LPS研究,雌性新西兰兔(约2公斤)用与仅含载体(含1%DMSO的磷酸盐缓冲液)或与添加了候选化合物(剂量1=50μM或剂量2=100μM)的LPS(10ng)(总体积为1.0mL)在一个膝盖的关节内进行治疗。LPS注射后十六小时,灌洗膝盖并进行细胞计数。通过滑膜炎症的组织病理学评估来确定治疗的有益效果。用于组织病理学评估的炎症评分:1-最小、2-轻度、3-中度、4-中度显著。
b)化合物在胶原性关节炎大鼠模型中的评估
进行了为期17天的进展II型胶原蛋白关节炎研究,以评估候选化合物对关节炎引起的临床踝关节肿胀的影响。大鼠胶原关节炎是多关节炎的实验模型,其已被广泛用于许多抗关节炎药物的临床前试验(参见Trentham等人,J.Exp.Med.146(3):857-868(1977),Bendele等人,毒理病理学(Toxicologic Pathol).27:134-142(1999),Bendele等人,关节炎与风湿病(Arthritis Rheum).42:498-506(1999))。这种模型的特点是稳健的、易测量的多关节炎症的发生和发展,与血管翳形成和软骨破坏和轻度至中度骨吸收和骨膜骨增殖相关的显着的。
雌性路易斯(Lewis)大鼠(大约0.2千克)被异氟烷麻醉,并在这个17天的研究的第0天和第6天在尾部底部和背部两个部位注射含有2mg/mL牛II型胶原的弗氏不完全佐剂。候选化合物每天以皮下方式从第0天至第17天以有效剂量给予。进行踝关节直径的卡尺测量,并将减少的关节肿胀作为功效的量度。
4.脓毒症的大鼠模型
为了研究目标化合物抑制与脓毒症样疾病相关的广义炎症反应效果,使用了脓毒症的盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)大鼠模型。基本上按照Fujimura N等人(美国呼吸与急救医学杂志(American Journal Respiratory Critical Care Medicine)2000;161:440-446)的描述进行了大鼠CLP研究。在此简要描述,体重在200-250克之间的肉瘤(Wistar)白化病大鼠(2种性别)在实验前禁食12小时。使动物保持正常的12小时光照和黑暗周期,并喂食标准大鼠食物直到实验前12小时。然后将动物分为四组;(i)两个假手术组和(ii)两个CLP组。将这两组(即(i)和(ii))中的每一组分为载体对照组和测试化合物组。脓毒症是通过CLP方法诱导的。在短暂麻醉下,使用最少的解剖方法进行中线剖腹术,并用3-0丝线在盲肠瓣膜正下方结扎盲肠,从而保持肠的连续性。将盲肠的反肠系膜表面用18号针在相距1cm的两个位置上进行穿孔,然后轻轻挤压盲肠直至挤出粪便。然后将肠放回到腹部,并闭合切口。手术结束时,皮下注射盐水(3ml/100g体重)以复苏所有大鼠。术后,对大鼠禁食,但在接下来的16小时内可以自由饮水直至处死。假手术组进行剖腹手术且盲肠被处理但未结扎或穿孔。通过组织和器官的组织病理学评分以及肝功能、肾功能和脂质过氧化的几个关键指标的测量来衡量治疗的有益效果。为了测试肝功能,测量了天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)。研究了血尿素氮和肌酸酐浓度以评估肾功能。还通过ELISA分析了促炎细胞因子(如TNF-α和IL-1β)的血清水平。
5.实验性狼疮性肾炎的小鼠SLE模型。
为了研究目标化合物对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的作用,使用了MRL/lpr小鼠SLE模型。MRL/Mp-Tmfrsf6lpr/lpr株(MRL/lpr)是常用的人SLE的小鼠模型。为了测试化合物在该模型中的效力,将雄性MRL/lpr小鼠在13周龄时被平均分为对照组和C5aR拮抗剂组。然后在接下来的6周内,通过渗透泵施用化合物或载体,以维持覆盖率并使对动物的压力影响降至最低。在疾病发作和进展的六周期间,每两周收集一次血清和尿液样本。在这些小鼠的少数中,肾小球硬化的发展导致动物因肾衰竭而死亡。作为肾衰竭指标的后死亡率是衡量标准之一,成功的治疗通常会导致测试组中猝死的发作延迟。此外,肾脏疾病的存在和量级也可以通过血尿素氮(BUN)和蛋白尿的测量进行连续监测。在第19周也收获组织和器官,并进行组织病理学和免疫组织化学检查,并根据组织损伤和细胞浸润进行评分。
6.COPD大鼠模型
啮齿动物模型中的烟雾诱发的气道炎症可用于评估化合物在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)中的功效。趋化因子的选择性拮抗剂在该模型中显示出功效(参见史蒂文森(Stevenson)等人,美国生理学杂志-肺细胞和分子生理学)(Am.J.Physiol Lung Cell MolPhysiol.)288L514-L522,(2005))。如史蒂文森等人所述进行COPD的急性大鼠模型。目的化合物通过口服或静脉内给药方式全身性;或者用雾化化合物局部给药。将雄性斯普拉-道来氏(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠(350-400g)安置于有机玻璃室内,并暴露于通过泵吸入的香烟烟雾中(每30秒50mL,间隔有新鲜空气)。大鼠总共暴露32分钟。初次暴露后至7天处死大鼠。通过炎症细胞浸润的降低、趋化因子和细胞因子水平的降低来评估治疗的任何有益效果。
在慢性模型中,小鼠或大鼠每天暴露于烟草烟雾中长达12个月。化合物通过每日一次口服给药剂量,或可能通过雾化的化合物局部来全身性给药。除了用急性模型(Stevensen等人)中观察到的炎症外,动物还可能表现出其他与人类COPD相似的病理,例如肺气肿(以平均线性截距增加来指示)以及改变的肺化学(参见Martorana等人,美国呼吸和危重症医学杂志(Am.J.Respir.Crit Care Med.),172(7):848-53.
7.多发性硬化症的小鼠EAE模型
实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)是人类多发性硬化症的模型。该模型的变体已经公开,并且在本领域中是众所周知的。在典型方案中,将C57BL/6(查尔斯河实验室(Charles River Laboratories))小鼠用于EAE模型。在第0天,用含4mg/ml结核分枝杆菌(西格玛-奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich))的完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)乳化的200ug髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)35–55(国际多肽(Peptide International))皮下地来免疫小鼠。另外,在第0天和第2天,对动物静脉内给予200ng百日咳毒素(Calbiochem)。临床评分基于0-5的等级:0,无疾病迹象;1,松弛的尾巴;2,后肢无力;3,后肢瘫痪;4,前肢无力或瘫痪;5,垂死的。可以在第0天(预防)或第7天(治疗,当存在疾病的组织学证据但几乎没有动物出现临床症状时)开始进行待评估化合物的给药,并每天一次或多次以适合它们的活性和药代动力学特性的浓度给药,例如皮下100mg/kg。化合物的效力可通过比较严重程度(与载体相比,存在化合物时的最大平均临床评分)或通过测量由脊髓分离的巨噬细胞(F4/80阳性)数量的减少来评估。可以通过不连续的珀可(Percoll)梯度来分离脊髓单核细胞。可以使用大鼠抗小鼠F4/80-PE或大鼠IgG2b-PE(Caltag实验室)对细胞进行染色,并通过FACS分析采用每个样品10ul的Polybeads(Polysciences)进行定量。
8.肾移植小鼠模型
可在小鼠中进行移植模型,例如Faikah Gueler等人,JASN Express,2008年8月27日中描述了从C57BL/6至BALB/c小鼠的同种异体肾移植模型。简而言之,将小鼠麻醉,将左供体肾脏连接至主动脉套袖和带有小腔静脉套袖的肾静脉上,输尿管全部切除。在受体的左肾切除术之后,将血管套袖分别与受体的腹主动脉和腔静脉在低于天然肾血管的水平下吻合。输尿管直接吻合到膀胱中。冷缺血时间为60分钟,热缺血时间为30分钟。可以在同种异体移植时或移植后第4天摘除右肾,以进行长期存活研究。监测小鼠的总体身体状况以寻找排斥的证明。可以在手术前或移植后立即开始对动物的化合物治疗,例如每天一次皮下(sub)切割注射。研究了小鼠的肾功能和存活率。血清肌酐水平通过自动化方法(贝克曼分析仪(Beckman Analyzer),克雷菲尔德,德国)测量。
9.缺血/再灌注小鼠模型
可以按照Xiufen Zheng等人,美国病理学杂志(Am.J.Pathol),第173卷第4期,2008年10月所描述的进行缺血/再灌注损伤小鼠模型。简而言之,将6-8周龄的CD1小鼠麻醉并将其安置在加热垫上以在手术过程中保持温暖。腹部切口后,肾蒂直接解剖,在左肾蒂上放置微血管钳25-30分钟。缺血后,将夹子与右肾一起移除,缝合切口,并让动物恢复。收集血液用于血清肌酐和BUN分析,以指示肾脏健康状况。或者,随时间监测动物的存活。可以在手术之前和/或之后向动物施用化合物,以及将对血清肌酐、BUN或动物存活的作用作为化合物效力的指标。
10.肿瘤生长的小鼠模型
在6-16周龄的C57BL/6小鼠的右后侧或左后侧皮下注射1x105 TC-1细胞(ATCC,VA)。细胞注射后约2周开始,每2-4天用卡尺测量一次肿瘤,直到所需的肿瘤大小,处死小鼠。在处死动物时,将其进行完整的尸检并去除脾脏和肿瘤。对切除的肿瘤进行测量并称重。化合物可以在肿瘤注射之前和/或之后给药,并且通过肿瘤生长的延迟或抑制来评估化合物的效力。
实施例8
下面表1中的化合物是使用上述方法制备的。提供了列出的每种化合物的表征数据。对于本文所述的使用U937细胞进行的趋化性测定(实施例7),提供了如下活性:+,500nM<IC50;++,50nM<IC50≤500nM;+++,5nM<IC50≤50nM;和++++,IC50≤5nM。
表1:具体实施方式的结构、表征数据和生物活性数据
尽管在此描述了本发明的特定实施例,但是在阅读说明书之后,所公开的实施例的变型对于本领域技术人员而言将变得显而易见,并且可以预料那些技术人员可以适当地采用这样的变型。因此,旨在说明本发明可以不同于本文具体描述的方式来实施,并且本发明包括适用法律允许的所附权利要求中记载的主题的所有修改和等同形式。而且,除非本文另外指出或与上下文明显矛盾,否则本发明涵盖上述元件在其所有可能的变化中的任何组合。
本说明书中引用的所有出版物、专利申请、登录号和其他参考文献都通过引用并入本文,就好像每个单独的出版物或专利申请均被明确地和单独地指出通过引用并入。
Claims (36)
1.一种式(I)化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐
其中,
环顶点a为C(R2c),环顶点b为C(R2d),和环顶点e为C(R2e);
X1选自下组:键、C1-8亚烷基和C(O);R1选自下组:
a)吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基和吡嗪基;
b)苯基;
d)氧杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基和吗啉基;和
e)C1-8烷基、C1-8卤代烷基、–C(O)NR1aR1b和–CO2R1a;其中,R1a和R1b各自独立地选自下组:氢和C1-8烷基;
其中,基团-X1-R1任选被1至4个Rx取代基取代;
R2a和R2e各自独立地选自下组:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6卤代烷基、-O-C1-6卤代烷基和卤素;
R2b、R2c和R2d各自为氢;
各R3为C1-4烷基或C1-4卤代烷基或同一碳原子上的两个R3基团结合形成氧代基(=O);
R4选自下组:
各R5独立地选自下组:C1-8烷基、C1-8卤代烷基和卤素;
各Rx独立地选自下组:卤素、CN、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4羟基、C2-4烯基、C3-6环烷基、CO2-C1-4烷基和CONH2;
下标m为0、1、2、3或4;和
下标n为0、1、2或3。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R4选自下组:
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R4选自下组:
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,X1为键。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,X1为C(O)。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,X1为C1-8亚烷基。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1选自下组:吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基和吡嗪基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,具有式(Ia)或(Ib)所示的结构:
9.如权利要求8所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1为苯基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1选自下组:氧杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基和吗啉基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
11.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R1选自下组:C1-8烷基、C1-8卤代烷基、-C(O)NR1aR1b和-CO2R1a;其中,R1a和R1b各自独立地选自下组:氢和C1-8烷基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
12.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R1选自下组:苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基和吡嗪基;并且其中,所述基团-X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代。
13.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R2a和R2e独立地选自下组:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基和卤素。
14.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,n为0、1或2,并且当R5存在时,各R5选自下组:F、Cl、C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基。
15.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,n为0、1或2,并且当R5存在时,各R5选自下组:F、Cl、CN、CH3和OCH3。
16.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,m为0、1或2,并且当R3存在时,各R3为C1-4烷基。
17.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R1选自下组:苯基或吡啶基,其中,所述基团–X1-R1任选地被1至4个Rx取代基取代;且R2a和R2e独立地选自下组:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基和卤素;m为0、1或2,且当R3存在,各R3为CH3;R4选自下组:
n为0、1或2,且当R5存在时,各R5选自下组:F、Cl、CN、CH3和OCH3。
18.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,-X1-R1选自下组:
19.如权利要求18所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,选自下组:
20.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,n为0。
21.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,n为2,并且两个R3基团在相同的碳原子上且结合形成氧代基(=O)。
22.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物选自下组:
23.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物具有结构:
24.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物具有结构:
25.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物具有结构:
26.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物具有结构:
27.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物选自下组:
28.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,其包含权利要求1至27中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和药学上可接受的载体。
29.如权利要求28所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,其被配制用于口服、静脉、透皮或皮下施用。
30.如权利要权利要求1至27中任一项所述的化合物的用途,其特征在于,用于制备治疗涉及C5a受体病理激活的疾病或病症的药物。
31.权利要求30所述的用途,其特征在于,所述疾病或病症为炎性疾病或病症、自身免疫疾病或肿瘤疾病或病症。
32.如权利要求30所述的用途,其特征在于,所述疾病或病症为心血管或脑血管病症。
33.如权利要求30所述的用途,其特征在于,所述疾病或病症选自下组:嗜中性白细胞减少症、中性白细胞增多症、韦格纳肉芽肿病、C3-肾小球病、川崎病、脓毒症、溶血性尿毒症综合征、阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症、中风、炎症性肠病、慢性阻塞性肺病、烧伤引起的炎症、肺损伤、骨关节炎、特应性皮炎、慢性荨麻疹、缺血-再灌注损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、全身炎症反应综合征、多器官功能障碍综合征、葡萄膜炎、组织移植排斥反应、心肌梗死、冠状动脉血栓形成、血管闭塞、动脉粥样硬化、息肉状脉络膜血管病变、创伤性中枢神经系统损伤、缺血性心脏病、类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、格林-巴利综合征、胰腺炎、牛皮癣、克罗恩病、血管炎、肠易激综合症、皮肌炎、多发性硬化、支气管哮喘、天疱疮、类天疱疮、硬皮病、重症肌无力、自身免疫性溶血和血小板减少症、古德帕斯彻氏综合症、移植物抗宿主病、阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿、休格连氏综合征、糖尿病、狼疮性肾病、海曼肾炎、膜性肾炎、肾小球肾炎、IGA肾病、抗磷脂综合征、年龄相关性黄斑变性、运动神经元疾病、接触敏感性反应、化脓性汗腺炎和血液与人工表面接触引起的炎症。
34.如权利要求30所述的用途,其特征在于,所述疾病或病症选自下组:嗜中性白细胞减少症、中性白细胞增多症、韦格纳肉芽肿病、显微镜下多血管炎、C3肾小球肾炎、致密物沉积病、川崎病、脓毒性休克、非典型溶血性尿毒症综合征、术后血管再闭塞、移植器官超急性排斥反应、类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、狼疮肾小球肾炎、ANCA血管炎、自身免疫性溶血和血小板减少症、免疫性血管炎、移植物抗宿主病、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、海曼肾炎、膜性肾炎、IGA肾病、化脓性汗腺炎、干性年龄相关性黄斑变性和湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性。
35.如权利要求30所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的疾病或病症选自下组:黑色素瘤、肺癌、淋巴瘤、肉瘤、滑膜瘤、间皮瘤、脑膜瘤、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、腺癌、乳头状癌、支气管癌、肾细胞癌、肝细胞癌、移行细胞癌、绒毛膜癌、精原细胞瘤、胚胎癌、维尔姆斯瘤、平滑肌瘤、横纹肌瘤、血管瘤、淋巴管瘤、骨瘤、脂肪瘤和纤维瘤。
36.如权利要求30所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的疾病或病症选自下组:纤维肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨源性肉瘤、血管肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、白血病、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、囊腺癌、多形性腺瘤、肝细胞乳头状瘤、肾小管腺瘤和软骨瘤。
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IL275516B2 (en) | 2023-12-01 |
SG11202005799XA (en) | 2020-07-29 |
CN111788184A (zh) | 2020-10-16 |
CA3086111A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
AU2018388657C1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
MA51327A (fr) | 2021-05-26 |
IL275516B1 (en) | 2023-08-01 |
AU2018388657B2 (en) | 2022-12-01 |
JP7253557B2 (ja) | 2023-04-06 |
NZ765590A (en) | 2024-01-26 |
WO2019126431A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
AU2018388657A1 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
BR112020012374A2 (pt) | 2020-11-24 |
US10759807B2 (en) | 2020-09-01 |
MX2020006460A (es) | 2020-11-06 |
JP2021506900A (ja) | 2021-02-22 |
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