CN111685009A - Planting method for improving per unit yield and sugar yield of sugarcane - Google Patents
Planting method for improving per unit yield and sugar yield of sugarcane Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for improving per unit yield and sugar yield of sugarcane, which comprises the steps of preparing soil before planting, applying base fertilizer in a sugarcane planting ditch, selecting newly-planted sugarcane without disease and pest damage as seeds, selecting newly-planted sugarcane without disease and pest damage, soaking the selected sugarcane seeds in plant probiotic mixed liquid in 11 months to the next 1 month of the year, then seeding, covering with mulching films after seeding, and cutting and harvesting after germination period, tillering period, growth period and maturity period. The sugarcane planting method adopts autumn and winter planting, adopts a mixed bacterial solution consisting of a bacillus subtilis culture solution, a bacillus licheniformis culture solution, a streptomycete KN37 culture solution and a trichoderma harzianum culture solution to soak sugarcane seeds, and adds a mulching film after the seeds are planted, so that the effective growth period is prolonged, the germination and tillering are ensured, and the yield per unit area and the sugar yield of the sugarcane are increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, relates to a sugarcane planting method, and particularly relates to a planting method for improving the yield per unit area and the sugar yield of sugarcane.
Background
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the most important sugar crop in China, and the traditional Yunnan sugarcane planting is mainly focused on 2-4 months, namely spring planting. However, at the moment, the temperature is low, the germination time of seedlings is long, the golden period of 6 months of large-elongation growth is missed, the effective growth period of the sugarcane is shortened, and the yield per unit area and the sugar yield of the sugarcane are further low. The traditional sugarcane planting method mainly focuses on planting in 2-4 months, and the average temperature is 14-21 ℃. The article 'establishment of mathematical model of temperature influence on sprouting progress of sugarcane seedlings and application thereof in production' published in 'sugarcane sugar industry' of excellence in aging and the like shows that the survival rate of the sugarcane seedlings is greatly reduced when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, when the temperature is lower than 22 ℃, the days required for sprouting are increased by 10 days every time the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃, and the sprouting days of the sugarcane seedlings at 20 ℃ reach 2 months. The effective growth period is shortened due to the long germination time of the seedlings, and the period is only 3-4 months; meanwhile, the seed buds are easy to be corroded and necrotized by pathogenic bacteria during the long sprouting and sprouting process, and the phenomena of uneven sprouting, weakness and plant deficiency are caused, so that the number of effective stems is seriously insufficient.
Sugarcane elongation only uses the effective accumulated temperature of the part of 7 months and 8, 9 and 10 months. The production of sugarcane, which is a current raw material of Yunnan Menghai, wastes effective accumulated temperature of 5 and 6 months and part of 7 months. The method is characterized in that effective accumulated temperature (added with temperature increased by mulching film covering) required in the germination period and the tillering period is removed, at least 1-2 months of sugarcane elongation growth period and 6 months of golden growth period are wasted, the wasted effective accumulated temperature is about equal to the effective accumulated temperature of 8-10 months, and therefore yield loss of raw sugarcane is estimated to be about 50% due to the adoption of a traditional cultivation method in the Meng sea. The sugarcane is delayed to mature, and the accumulation of sugar cannot occur in the optimal period of 10-11 months.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims at the technical problems that in the prior art, the early-stage temperature is low, the germination time of seedlings is long, the seed buds are easy to suffer from germ erosion and necrosis in the long germination and seedling process, the golden period of the long-elongation growth of 6 months is missed, the effective growth period of sugarcane is short, and the yield per unit area and the sugar yield of the sugarcane are low. The planting method for improving the yield per unit area and the sugar yield of the sugarcane provided by the invention has the advantages that the planting time of the sugarcane is advanced, the golden growth period of the sugarcane is prolonged, and the yield per unit area and the sugar yield of the sugarcane are effectively improved by changing the planting conditions, optimizing germplasm resources, improving antibacterial property of the sugarcane and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A planting method for improving per unit yield and sugar yield of sugarcane is characterized in that soil is prepared before planting, a sugarcane ditch is opened for planting, base fertilizer is applied, newly planted sugarcane seeds without damage of diseases and pests are selected, the selected sugarcane seeds are soaked in plant probiotic mixed liquid and then planted between 11 months of the year and 1 month of the next year, mulching films are adopted for covering after planting, and cutting and harvesting are carried out after a germination period, a tillering period, a growth period and a maturity period.
The plant probiotic mixed liquor is prepared by respectively carrying out amplification culture on activated bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces KN37 and trichoderma harzianum, and mixing a bacillus subtilis culture solution, a bacillus licheniformis culture solution, a streptomyces KN37 culture solution and a trichoderma harzianum culture solution according to the volume ratio of 1:0.5-1:1-2: 1.5-2. In the invention, common commercial strains are adopted for the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis, streptomycete KN37 (streptomycete sp.KN37) and Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) are purchased new strains, the preservation number of the streptomycete KN37 (streptomycete sp.KN37) is CGMCC No.13160, and the preservation number of the Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) is CGMCC No. 5.1250.
The new planted sugarcane varieties in the invention are Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88.
According to the planting method, the tillering stage of sugarcane germination is completed before the end of 5 months, and the tillering stage after the sugarcane seed is planted is completed before the end of 5 months next year.
Preferably, the plant probiotic mixed solution is prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis culture solution, a bacillus licheniformis culture solution, a streptomycete KN37 culture solution and a trichoderma harzianum culture solution according to a volume ratio of 1:0.7:1.5:1.7, and the total concentration of viable bacteria is 1 × 1010～1012cfu/mL。
Preferably, the variety of the new planted sugarcane is Guangdong sugar 79-177.
The invention respectively inoculates activated bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomycete KN37 and trichoderma harzianum into a triangular flask culture medium with the inoculation amount of 3-5% (V/V), respectively inoculates the mixture into a fermentation tank culture medium for expanding culture after 12h of culture, and expands the culture until the viable count of the strains reaches 109cfu/mL to obtain Bacillus subtilis culture solution, Bacillus licheniformis culture solution, Streptomyces KN37 culture solution, and Trichoderma harzianum culture solution.
Wherein the culture medium components of the bacillus subtilis comprise the following components in percentage by mass: glucose 6%, yeast extract 1%, peptone 0.2%, calcium carbonate 1%, and water in balance; the culture temperature is 28-32 ℃.
The culture medium components of the bacillus licheniformis comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of yeast extract, 0.5% of peptone, 5% of brown sugar, 0.1% of tween-80, 0.05% of sodium chloride, 0.05% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05% of magnesium sulfate, 0.05% of calcium carbonate and the balance of water; the culture temperature is 60-65 ℃.
The culture medium for obtaining the streptomycete KN37 bacterial suspension is a Gao's first culture medium; fungus suspensionAfter liquid culture, expanding culture by using a fermentation tank culture medium, wherein the fermentation tank culture medium comprises 10g/L of millet, 10g/L of soybean meal, 10g/L of glucose, 3g/L of peptone, 2g/L of sodium chloride, 1g/L of calcium carbonate, and the pH value is 7.2-7.4; the fermentation culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the rotating speed is 280rpm, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, the dissolved oxygen content is 20 percent, and the ventilation volume is 5-7 m3/h。
The culture medium for obtaining the trichoderma harzianum bacterial suspension is a PDA culture medium; after the bacterial suspension is cultured, expanding culture is carried out by using a fermentation tank culture medium, wherein the fermentation tank culture medium comprises 10g/L of millet, 10g/L of soybean meal, 10g/L of glucose, 3g/L of peptone, 2g/L of sodium chloride, 1g/L of calcium carbonate, and the pH value is 7.2-7.4; the fermentation culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the rotating speed is 280rpm, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, the dissolved oxygen content is 20 percent, and the ventilation volume is 5-7 m3/h。
Compared with the prior art, the planting method for improving the yield per unit area and the sugar yield of the sugarcane at least has the following beneficial effects or advantages.
1) The sugarcane planting method adopts autumn and winter planting, namely planting in 11 months to the next 1 month, adding a mulching film, finishing a germination period in a month with low temperature, entering a tillering period when the temperature rises after the low temperature, shortening the germination and tillering time, prolonging the effective growth period, further increasing the yield and the sugar yield of the sugarcane, wherein the average sugar yield of 3 squeezing seasons reaches 13.40 percent, which is the highest level of the sugar yield of the national sugar factory at that time, the total sugarcane squeezing amount is 10-25 ten thousand t and the history is 28 ten thousand t at the highest in the implementation of the prior art, the total sugarcane amount of the first 3 squeezing seasons of the Reli sugar factory reaches or approaches the history highest level after the implementation of the technology, the fourth squeezing season is 11.50 percent higher than the history highest squeezing amount, and the sixth squeezing season reaches 55.89 ten thousand t, 53.93 ten thousand t, 38.6 thousand t and 34.86 thousand t respectively.
2) The invention adopts the mixed bacteria liquid consisting of the bacillus subtilis culture solution, the bacillus licheniformis culture solution, the streptomyces KN37 culture solution and the trichoderma harzianum culture solution, and the biocontrol compound bacteria liquid can inhibit a plurality of germs at the early stage of the sugarcane, help the sugarcane to pass the weak period of the low-temperature period, has stronger promotion effect on the plant height and the sugar yield of the sugarcane, and can increase the increase amount by 5.47 percent and 5.02 percent, reduce the expenditure of farmers and increase the income of the farmers.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples.
The first embodiment is as follows: sugarcane planting method
A planting method for improving per unit yield and sugar yield of sugarcane is characterized in that soil is prepared before planting, a sugarcane ditch is opened for planting and base fertilizer is applied, newly planted sugarcane without damage of diseases and pests is selected as a seed, the selected seedling is soaked in plant probiotic mixed liquor and then planted from 11 months to the next 1 month, mulching film is adopted after planting, and cutting and harvesting are carried out after a germination period, a tillering period, a growth period and a maturity period.
The new planted sugarcane variety of the invention is one of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88.
The planting method of the invention finishes the sugarcane germination and tillering stage before the end of 5 months.
Example two: preparation of plant probiotic mixed liquor
The plant probiotic mixed solution is prepared by respectively carrying out amplification culture on the activated bacillus subtilis, the activated bacillus licheniformis, the activated streptomyces KN37 and the activated trichoderma harzianum, and mixing a bacillus subtilis culture solution, a bacillus licheniformis culture solution, a streptomyces KN37 culture solution and a trichoderma harzianum culture solution according to the volume ratio of 1:0.5:1: 1.5.
In the invention, common commercial strains are adopted for the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis are purchased from Jinhua kuaihui biological science and technology Limited company microbial agents in Jinhua province, streptomyces KN37(streptomyces sp.KN37) and Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) are purchased strains, the collection number of the streptomyces KN37(streptomyces sp.KN37) is CGMCC No.13160, and the collection number of the Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) is CGMCC No. 5.1250.
Wherein the culture medium components of the bacillus subtilis comprise the following components in percentage by mass: glucose 6%, yeast extract 1%, peptone 0.2%, calcium carbonate 1%, and water in balance; the culture temperature is 28-32 ℃.
The culture medium components of the bacillus licheniformis culture medium bacteria comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of yeast extract, 0.5% of peptone, 5% of brown sugar, 0.1% of tween-80, 0.05% of sodium chloride, 0.05% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05% of magnesium sulfate, 0.05% of calcium carbonate and the balance of water; the culture temperature is 60-65 ℃.
The culture medium for obtaining the streptomycete KN37 bacterial suspension is a Gao's first culture medium; after the bacterial suspension is cultured, expanding culture is carried out by using a fermentation tank culture medium, wherein the fermentation tank culture medium comprises 10g/L of millet, 10g/L of soybean meal, 10g/L of glucose, 3g/L of peptone, 2g/L of sodium chloride, 1g/L of calcium carbonate, and the pH value is 7.2-7.4; the fermentation culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the rotating speed is 280rpm, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, the dissolved oxygen content is 20 percent, and the ventilation volume is 5-7 m3/h。
The culture medium for obtaining the trichoderma harzianum bacterial suspension is a PDA culture medium; after the bacterial suspension is cultured, expanding culture is carried out by using a fermentation tank culture medium, wherein the fermentation tank culture medium comprises 10g/L of millet, 10g/L of soybean meal, 10g/L of glucose, 3g/L of peptone, 2g/L of sodium chloride, 1g/L of calcium carbonate, and the pH value is 7.2-7.4; the fermentation culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the rotating speed is 280rpm, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, the dissolved oxygen content is 20 percent, and the ventilation volume is 5-7 m3/h。
Example three: preparation of plant probiotic mixed liquor
The invention respectively inoculates activated bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomycete KN37 and trichoderma harzianum into a triangular flask culture medium with the inoculation amount of 3-5% (V/V), respectively inoculates the mixture into a fermentation tank culture medium for expanding culture after 12h of culture, and expands the culture until the viable count of the strains reaches 109cfu/mL to obtain Bacillus subtilis culture solution, Bacillus licheniformis culture solution, Streptomyces KN37 culture solution, and Trichoderma harzianum culture solution.
The plant probiotic mixed solution is prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis culture solution, a bacillus licheniformis culture solution, a streptomycete KN37 culture solution and a trichoderma harzianum culture solution according to a volume ratio of 1:0.7:1.5:1.7, and the total viable bacteria concentration is 1 × 1010～1012cfu/mL。
Example four: preparation of plant probiotic mixed liquor
Plant probiotics of the present inventionThe mixed solution is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis culture solution, Bacillus licheniformis culture solution, Streptomyces KN37 culture solution, and Trichoderma harzianum culture solution at a volume ratio of 1:1:2:2, and the total viable bacteria concentration is 1 × 1010～1012cfu/mL。
Example five: comparison of planting methods
The traditional spring planting and the novel planting method are adopted in the Yunan Reli sugarcane area, and sugarcane varieties including Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 are respectively planted, so that the management level is kept consistent.
The agronomic character and the process character difference of 3 sugarcane varieties namely Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 at four different places are respectively shown in a table 1 and a table 2.
By combining field phenotype data (table 1) of four places, heights of the Guangdong sugar 79-177, the Guangdong sugar 82-882 and the Guangdong sugar 83-88 in autumn are 33.4cm, 18.5cm and 22.4cm higher than heights of the Guangdong sugar 79-177, the Guangdong sugar 82-882 and the Guangdong sugar 83-88 in spring respectively in 6 months, and the heights of the elongation in autumn and spring planting in 7-10 months are not obviously different, so that the heights of the Guangdong sugar 79-177, the Guangdong sugar 82-882 and the Guangdong sugar 83-88 in autumn are 39.5cm, 18.6cm and 38.4cm higher than those of the Guangdong sugar 79-177, the Guangdong sugar 82-882 and the Guangdong sugar 83-88 in spring finally, and the single stem weight of the autumn planting is larger than that of the spring planting. In addition, the effective growth period of sugarcane is increased due to the autumn planting method, resulting in an increase in the number of effective stems. Finally, the theoretical yield of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 in autumn is increased by 26.5%, 15.3% and 14.0% respectively compared with the yield of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 in spring.
Measuring the sugarcane sugar contents of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 in four places by adopting two planting methods in the former 11 th, former 12 th, latter 12 th, former 1 th, and latter 2 th of 2018/2019 season respectively, wherein the sugarcane sugar contents in the former four places are 1.61 percent, 1.67 percent and 0.93 percent higher than those in the latter 11 th, and the latter 79-177, 82-882 and 83-88 parts of Guangdong sugar in autumn than those in spring (Table 2); in the last 12 th month, the sugar cane sugar content of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 in autumn is respectively 0.68 percent, 1.37 percent and 1.29 percent higher than that in spring; in late 12 months, the sugar cane sugar content of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 in autumn is respectively 1.25 percent, 0.92 percent and 0.84 percent higher than that in spring; in the last ten days of 1 month, the sugar cane sugar content of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 in autumn is respectively 0.64 percent, 0.84 percent and 1.37 percent higher than that in spring; in late 1 month, the sugar cane sugar content of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 planted in autumn is 0.70 percent, 0.89 percent and 0.64 percent higher than that planted in spring respectively; in the last ten days of 2 months, the sugar cane sugar content of Guangdong sugar 79-177, Guangdong sugar 82-882 and Guangdong sugar 83-88 in autumn is 1.0 percent, 0.94 percent and 0.52 percent higher than that in spring. In conclusion, the sugar content of the sugarcane is higher when the same sugarcane variety is planted in autumn than in spring, but the difference tends to be gradually reduced when the sugarcane variety is planted in late season.
TABLE 1 agronomic traits of sugarcane varieties Yue-Tang 79-177, Yue-Tang 82-882, and Yue-Tang 83-88
TABLE 2 sucrose score of sugarcane varieties Yue-tang 79-177, Yue-tang 82-882 and Yue-tang 83-88
According to the planting method, the yield and the sugar yield can be improved through measures of soaking the mixed bacteria liquid, changing the seeding time, improving the temperature in the germination period and the like. The mixed bacterial liquid is soaked, so that the defects that the seed buds are easy to corrode and necrose by pathogenic bacteria at a low temperature, seedlings are uneven, weak and small, and plants are absent, and the number of effective stems is serious can be effectively avoided.
The present invention has been further described with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A planting method for improving per unit yield and sugar yield of sugarcane is characterized in that soil is prepared before planting, a sugarcane ditch is opened for planting, base fertilizer is applied, newly planted sugarcane seeds without disease and pest damage are selected, the selected sugarcane seeds are soaked in plant probiotic mixed liquor and then planted in the current year from 11 months to the next year by 1 month, mulching films are adopted for covering after planting, and cutting and harvesting are carried out after a germination period, a tillering period, a growth period and a maturity period.
2. The planting method for improving the yield per unit area and the sugar yield of the sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein the plant probiotic mixed solution is a mixed bacterial solution obtained by respectively carrying out amplification culture on the activated bacillus subtilis, the activated bacillus licheniformis, the activated streptomyces KN37 and the activated trichoderma harzianum and mixing a bacillus subtilis culture solution, a bacillus licheniformis culture solution, a streptomyces KN37 culture solution and a trichoderma harzianum culture solution according to a volume ratio of 1:0.5-1:1-2: 1.5-2.
3. The planting method for improving the yield and sugar rate of sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein the sugarcane seeds are cantonese 79-177, cantonese 82-882 and cantonese 83-88.
4. The planting method for improving per unit yield and sugar yield of sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein a tillering period after seeding of sugarcane seeds is completed before 5 months end of the next year.
5. The planting method for improving the yield and sugar yield of sugarcane according to claim 2, wherein the bacillus subtilis culture solution, the bacillus licheniformis culture solution, the streptomycete KN37 culture solution and the trichoderma harzianum culture solution are mixed according to a volume ratio of 1:0.7:1.5:1.7, and the total concentration of viable bacteria is 1 × 1010～1012cfu/mL。
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